Level / Stream: 2nd year Scientific streams

MADE BY : Miss widad GOUASMIA

Unit 01 Make Peace (Peace & Conflict Resolution)

NOWADAYS MAKING PEACE BECAME IMPOSSIBLE in the world ; that’s why in this unit we
are going to discover the different ways of making peace in the world

Vocabulary :

PEACE ‫السالم‬

CONFLICTS = problems / disputes ‫ مشاكل‬، ‫نزاعات‬

RESOLUTION= to resolve ‫يضع حل‬ UNISCO = the United Nations Educational,

Scientific and Cultural Organization

WAR= fight = battle HUMAN RIGHT

U N O= united nations organisation = ‫منظمة األمم المتحدة‬

BLUE HEMLETS = they are responsible for keeping/ maintaining / preserve peace in
the world.

FREEDOM MILITARY = force RIGHTS = duties

GRAMMAR

EXPRESSING THE ABILITY & POSSIBILITY ‫التعبير عن القدرة و االحتمالية‬

THE ABILITY = ‫القدرة‬ POSSIBILITY = ‫االحتمالية‬

USING MODALS ( CAN / BE ABLE TO )

EG: I see clouds in the sky . It can rain . POSSIBILITY

I can jump from this step ABLITIY

In your case / studies the ability is related to your 5 senses

FORMS OF THE MODALS ( IN THE TIME= tenses )

 Past present Future
I was able to jump/ COULD I AM ABLE TO JUMP With notes taking , I will
( we use it for simple abilities ) ( conj the verb to be in the be able to learn English .
present)
TO BE IN THE PAST (was/ Will+STEM
were)

EXPRESSING OBLIGATION , ABSENCE OF OBLIGATION &

PROHIBITION ‫ غياب الوجوب و المنع‬، ‫التعبير عن الوجوب‬

We use different modals ( must – have to – need to – should ) THEY have the
same meaning of expressing obligation but they differ from the degree ; MUST 100% /
HAVE TO 90% / NEED TO 90% / SHOULD 70 % .

EG : -I must be respectful . – I have to work hard . - I should have breakfast .

ABSENCE OF OBLIGATION :

-I don’t have to speak always . – I don’t need to eat always.

- I should not be stubborn .

PROHIBITION : here we use must not

EG : you must not use your phone before full charge

DEDUCTION‫ االستنتاج‬here we use must

EG : my phone is ringing it must be my mom calling me .

EXPRESSING CRITICISM & APOLOGY‫االعتذار و النقد‬

TO CRITICIS (v) ‫ينتقد‬ TO APOLOGY (v) ‫يعتذر‬

To apology or criticise we use this form should+have+PP of the verb

EG : THE TEACHER SHOUTED AT MOUHMED

The teacher should not have shouted at mouhmed . CRITICISEMTHAT’S WHY
WE USED THE NEGATION (not) also it’s something not good