# of children in a family class size

# of cumulative cum. rel.

children=xi freq. fi freq. Fi rel.freq pi freq. Pi
0 3 32
1 5 42
2 9 46
3 2 46
4 1 54

grades
cumulative cum. rel. percentile
grade=Xi freq. fi freq. Fi rel.freq pi freq. Pi rank
X1 2 3 3 #NAME? #NAME?
.... 3 1 4 #NAME? #NAME?
4 4 8 #NAME? #NAME?
5 8 16 #NAME? #NAME?
6 9 25 #NAME? #NAME?
7 11 36 #NAME? #NAME?
8 11 47 #NAME? #NAME?
9 6 53 #NAME? #NAME?
10 13 66 #NAME? #NAME?
11 14 80 #NAME? #NAME?
12 9 89 #NAME? #NAME?
13 5 94 #NAME? #NAME?
14 12 106 #NAME? #NAME?
15 9 115 #NAME? #NAME? #NAME?
16 10 125 #NAME? #NAME?
17 7 132 #NAME? #NAME?
18 12 144 #NAME? #NAME? average
19 14 158 #NAME? #NAME?
X19 20 16 174 #NAME? #NAME?
n=sample size 174
average #NAME?
percentiles percent n x percent result
Q1 25 #NAME? x_44 8
(median) Q2 50 #NAME? (x_87+x_88)/2 12
Q3 75 #NAME? x_131 17
22nd 22 #NAME? x_39 8
percent. rank freq. fi cum.freq grade begins grade ends result
grade 15 9 115 107 115 #NAME?

QuizExercises1_solved

area 60 70 80 90 100 110

frequency 10 9 3 5 11 10
cum. freq. 10 19 22 27 38 48

average 95.81
percentile % n*% i xi xi+1 (if n*% int.) solution
Q1 0.25 15.5 16 70 70
Q2 0.50 31 31 100 100 100
Q3 0.75 46.5 47 110 110
0.20 12.4 13 70 70
percentile rank istart iend solution
x 100 28 38 0.53
 salaries

3310
3355
3450
3480
3480
3490
3520
3540
3550
3650
3730
3925

107/174 115/174
#NAME? #NAME?

average

120 130 140 150

6 3 4 1
54 57 61 62
 average price change rate
monthly
month price ch. rate
1 100
2 120 1.2000
3 145 1.2083
4 180 1.2414
5 220 1.2222
6 260 1.1818 GEOMEAN(C4:C8)
geomean 1.2106
check 260.0000

QuizExercises1_solved

Ex7 m/y 1 2 3 4 5 6
value 100 100 101 101 102 106
m/y 1 2 3 4 5 solution
ch. rate 1.0000 1.0100 1.0000 1.0099 1.0392 1.0117

Ex8 m/y 1 2 3 4 5 solution

ch. rate 1.0300 1.0280 1.0260 1.0250 1.0150 1.0248
salaries salary frequency sample mean

3310 3310 1 3476.25 -166.25

3355 3355 1 -121.25
3450 3450 1 avgsalary -26.25
3480 3480 5 3.75
3480 3550 4 73.75
3480 12
3480 n
3480
3550
3550 s2=sumproduct(G3:G7,G3:G7,E3:E7)/(E8-1)
3550 5896.0227
3550
size
12
arithm.avg (SUMPRODUCT(D3:D7,D3:D7,E3:E7)-E8*F3*F3)/(E8-1)
3476.25 5896.0227
var.s var.p
5896.0227 5404.6875
VAR.S(M3:M14) VAR.P(M3:M14)
stdev.s
76.78556327379
76.78556327379
coeffvar.s
1.696087084437

QuizExercises2_solved

#1 area 60 70 80 90 100
frequency 10 9 3 5 11
xi - avg -35.81 -25.81 -15.81 -5.81 4.19
size 62
avg 95.806
var.s 650.978 var.p 640.479 640.479
stdev.s 25.514 stdev.p 25.308
coeffvar.s 0.266 coeffvar.p 0.264

#2 grade 7 8 9 10 11
frequency 11 11 6 13 14
xi - avg -6.43 -5.43 -4.43 -3.43 -2.43
size 140
avg 13.429
var.s 16.693 var.p 16.573 16.573
stdev.s 4.086 stdev.p 4.071
coeffvar.s 0.304 coeffvar.p 0.303
#3 salary 3310 3355 3450 3480 3550
frequency 1 2 7 5 4
xi - avg -728.50 -683.50 -588.50 -558.50 -488.50
size 20
avg 4038.500
var.s 6660947.632 var.p 6327900.250 6327900.250
stdev.s 2580.881 stdev.p 2515.532
coeffvar.s 0.639 coeffvar.p 0.623
 grade frequency salary
xi-avg
7 11 -6.43 3310
8 11 -5.43 3355
9 6 -4.43 3450
10 13 -3.43 3480
11 14 -2.43 3550
12 9 -1.43 15000
13 5 -0.43
14 12 0.57
15 9 1.57
16 10 2.57
17 7 3.57
18 12 4.57
19 14 5.57
20 7 6.57

SUMPRODUCT(N3:N16,N3:N16,L3:L16)/M16
avg size var.p stdev.p coeff.var
13.42857 140 16.57 4.07 0.30

var.s stdev.s
16.69 4.09

Exercises2_solved

110 120 130 140 150

10 6 3 4 1
14.19 24.19 34.19 44.19 54.19

12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
9 5 12 9 10 7 12 14 7
-1.43 -0.43 0.57 1.57 2.57 3.57 4.57 5.57 6.57
 15000
1
10961.50
frequency

1
2
7
5
4
1
 Pie chart

Bed Times - Children Bed Time

7 to 8
12 5 14
8 to 9
9 to 10 66
45 78
10 to 11
11 to 12

76 101

Bar chart (2d Column)

Bed Times - Children Vs. Adults

120
101
100
78
Children Vs. Adults

80 76
66
Child
60
45 Adult
40 35

20 14 12
5
0
0
7 to 8 8 to 9 9 to 10 10 to 11 11 to 12
Bed Times

Car Sales: Gas Vs. Diesel Vs. Electro

60.0

50.0

40.0
Gas
30.0 Diesel

20.0
Electro
Car Sales: Gas
10.0 60.0

0.0 50.0
 40.0
Gas
30.0 Diesel

20.0
Electro
Car Sales: Gas
10.0 60.0

0.0 50.0
95 00 05 10 15 20 25
40.0

30.0

20.0

10.0

0.0
95 00 05

Scatter plot

X mph Y mpg
10 32 Gas Consumption & Vehicle Speed
15 31 35
20 29
30
25 26
30 28 25
35 27 20
Y mpg

40 25
15
45 25
50 24 10
55 22 5
60 22
0
65 19 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
70 14 X mph
75 11

Box plot
X Y
7 6 This chart isn't available in your version of Excel.
8 7
9 8 Editing this shape or saving this workbook into a different file format will
11 9 permanently break the chart.
11 9
11 9
11 10
12 11
13 11
13 11
13 11
14 11
14 12
14 13
14 13
14 13 X Y
14 13 average 15.64 14.62
14 13 Q1 14 13
15 13 Q2 16 15
15 13 Q3 18 17
15 13 IQR 4 4
15 14 min 7 6
15 14 max 19 20
15 14 lower l. 8 7
15 15 upper l. 19 20
15 15
15 15
16 15
16 15
16 15
16 15
16 15
16 15
16 15
16 15
16 16
16 16
16 16
16 16
17 16
17 16
17 16
17 16
17 17
17 17
18 17
18 17
18 17
18 17
18 17
18 17
18 17
18 18
18 18
18 18
18 18
19 18
19 18
19 18
19 18
19 19
19 20
19 20
19 20
19
19
 Bed Times - Adults

14 7 to 8
8 to 9
66 35
9 to 10
10 to 11
11 to 12

101

Bed Times Children

7 to 8 78
8 to 9 76
9 to 10 45
10 to 11 12
11 to 12 5
s. Adults
01

66
Children
Adults

5
Car Sales: Gas, Diesel, Electro
11 11 to 12 Year Gas
95 55.6
00 50.9
05 44.0
10 41.7
15 46.3
20 44.0
25 30.6

Line chart

Car Sales: Gas Vs. Diesel Vs. Electro

 Car Sales: Gas Vs. Diesel Vs. Electro

Gas
Diesel
Electro

95 00 05 10 15 20 25

ed

60 70 80

NOT how we define box plot!

 Adults
0
14
35
101
66

esel, Electro
Diesel Electro
43.5 0.9
47.7 1.4
52.8 3.2
53.7 4.6
46.8 6.9
42.1 13.9
23.1 46.3
 QuizExercises4, #2, #3

xi 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4

p(xi) 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.16 0.2 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.16
E(X) σ2(X)
5.04 0.06
 Session5/NORM.DIST
μ σ a b p(X<=a) p(X<=b)
cookies p.7 5.00 0.20 5.12 5.30 0.726 0.933
stock prices p.17 a 30 8.2 40 0.889
IQ p.20 100 15 145 0.999

Session5/NORM.INV
μ σ a p(X<=a)
stock prices p.17 c 30 8.2 40.509 0.90
students p.18a 25 4 27.098 0.70
students p.18b 25 4 31.579 0.95

Session6/Sample Mean Distribution

n μ σ 𝜎_𝑋 ̅ a b p(X<=a) p(X<=b)
Example1 p.16 36 8 3 0.500 7.8 8.2 0.345 0.655
Example2 p.17 1 200 25 25.000 220 0.788
Example3 p.18 9 200 25 8.333 220 0.992
QuizExercises/Q1 31 350.2 11.8 2.119 351.5 0.730
QuizExercises/Q2 5 351.2 12.1 5.411 351.5 0.522

Session6/Sampling for Proportion

n π σ 𝜎_𝑋 ̅ p1 p2 p(X<=a) p(X<=b)
Example1 p.21 200 0.4 0.490 0.035 0.4 0.45 0.500 0.926
QuizExercises/Q3 500 0.7 0.458 0.020 0.68 0.165
QuizExercises/Q4 500 0.7 0.458 0.020 0.76 0.9983
QuizExercises/Q5 6.68E+07 1.35E-03 0.037 4.49E-06 1.36E-03 0.9985
IST
p(a<=X<=b) p(X>=a)
0.207
0.111
0.001

NV
p(X>=a)
0.10
0.30
0.05

istribution
p(a<=X<=b) p(X>=a)
0.311
0.212
0.008
0.270

(𝜇=𝜋; 𝜎=√(𝜋∙(1−𝜋)); 𝑋 ̅=𝑝 )

roportion
p(a<=X<=b) p(X>=a) CHECK nπ n(1-π)
0.426 80 120
350 150
0.0017 350 150
0.0015 9.01E+04 6.67E+07
 Confidence Intervals
σ known -> Normal Distribution
μ(
𝑋 ̅ ) 𝜎_𝑋 ̅ 1-α 1-α/2 μ(𝑋 ̅)+c μ(𝑋 ̅)-c c σ2
Example1 63.00 0.316 0.980 0.990 63.74 62.26 0.74 0.80
Example2 62.60 0.316 0.950 0.975 63.22 61.98 0.62 0.80

Example1 63.00 0.316 0.980 0.990 63.74 62.26 0.74 0.80

question1' 3500.00 170.00 0.980 0.990 3895.48 3104.52 395.48

Optimal Sample Size 𝑐=𝑧_(1−𝛼/2)∙𝜎/

√𝑛
1-α 1-α/2
Example3 0.950 0.975
question3 0.990 0.995

σ not known -> t-distribution

𝑐=𝑡_(𝑛−1,1−𝛼/
2)∙𝑠/√𝑛
μ(
𝑋 ̅ ) 𝜎_𝑋 ̅ 1-α 1-α/2 μ(𝑋 ̅)+c μ(𝑋 ̅)-c c
Example4 20 1.147 0.950 0.975 22.40 17.60 2.40
question1 350 1.333 0.950 0.975 2.65

Confidence Intervals for proportion

𝜋∙(1−𝜋) or 𝑝∙
π(p) 𝜎_𝑋 ̅ 1-α 1-α/2 μ(𝑋 ̅)+c μ(𝑋 ̅)-c c σ2
Example6 0.169 0.035 0.980 0.990 0.25 0.09 0.080 0.141
question2 0.320 0.009 0.980 0.990 0.34 0.30 0.022 0.218
question2' 0.400 0.024 0.960 0.980 0.45 0.35 0.050 0.240
𝑛≥(√(𝜋∙(1−𝜋))∙𝑧_(1−𝛼/2)/
Optimal Sample Size 𝜖)^2
π(p) 𝜎_𝑋 ̅ 1-α 1-α/2 σ2
Example7 0.170 0.950 0.975 0.141
Example8 0.500 0.950 0.975 0.250
question3' 0.500 0.990 0.995 0.250
 σ n
0.894 8
0.894 8
𝑧_(1−𝛼/2)
0.894 8 2.33 prefered solution
850 25 2.33

𝑛≥(𝜎∙𝑧_(1−𝛼/2)/
𝜖)^2
σ n 𝑧_(1−𝛼/2) ε
0.05 97.00 1.96 0.01
12 60.00 2.58 4

𝑠^∗∙√𝑛/
√(𝑛−1)
σ≈s n s* 𝑡_(𝑛−1,1−𝛼/2)
5.130 20 5 2.093
12 81 1.990

portion (𝜇=𝜋, 𝑋 ̅=𝑝, 𝜎=√(𝜋∙(1−𝜋)))

𝜋∙(1−𝜋) or 𝑝∙(1−𝑝)
σ n 𝑧_(1−𝛼/2) #1
0.375 118 2.33 20
0.466 2500 2.33 800
0.490 400 2.05

σ n 𝑧_(1−𝛼/2) ε
0.376 217.00 1.96 0.05
0.500 385.00 1.96 0.05
0.500 66349.00 2.58 0.005
Two Tailed Hypothesis Testing
σ known Pop. Mean Signif. Level Sample Size Pop. Variance Pop. StDev SMean StDev Statistic
𝜇_0 𝛼 1−𝛼/2 𝑧_(1−𝛼/2) 𝑛 𝜎^2 𝜎 𝜎/√𝑛 𝑋 ̅
Example1 130 0.05 0.975 1.96 100 15 1.5 127.8
1.96
0.05

QuizEx1' 110 0.10 0.95 1.64 150 12 0.98 108.5

QuizEx1'' 110 0.15 0.93 1.44 150 12 0.98 108.5
QuizEx1''' 110 150 12 0.98 108.5
QuizEx1'''
QuizEx1iv 0.01, 0.10, 0.30, 0.60, 0.95

σ not known Sample Var. Sample StDev

𝑡_(𝑛−1,1−𝛼/2) 𝑠^2 𝑠 𝑠/√𝑛

Example2 130 0.05 0.975 1.98 100 15 1.5 127.8
1.98
0.05

QuizEx2' 90 0.10 0.95 1.83 10 12 3.79 88.5

QuizEx2'' 90 0.15 0.93 1.57 10 12 3.79 88.5
QuizEx2''' 90 10 12 3.79 88.5
QuizEx2'''
QuizEx2iv 0.01, 0.10, 0.30, 0.60, 0.95

Two Tailed Hypothesis Testing for Prooportion

having char. Pop. StDev

𝜋_0=𝜇_0 𝑧_(1−𝛼/2) #1 √(𝜋_0∙(1−𝜋_0)) 𝜎/√𝑛 𝑝=𝑋 ̅

Example3 0.08 0.05 0.975 1.96 118 20 0.27 0.025 0.17
1.96
0.05

QuizEx3' 0.08 0.10 0.95 1.64 230 20 0.27 0.018 0.09

QuizEx3'' 0.08 0.15 0.93 1.44 230 20 0.27 0.018 0.09
QuizEx3''' 0.08 230 20 0.27 0.018 0.09
QuizEx3'''
QuizEx3iv 0.01, 0.10, 0.30, 0.60, 0.95
 Standardized St p_value Accuracy Reject ±
|
|𝑋 ̅−𝜇_0 | (𝑋 ̅−𝜇_0 𝑝_𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒(𝑋 ̅) 𝑐
)/(𝜎/
2.2 √𝑛 " " )| 2.94 K≥N NO RR Test
1.47 L≥E NO RR Test for Z
𝜑/2 0.071 𝜑 0.142 M≤C NO p_value Test
Answer
1.5 1.61 (μ0-c, μ0+c)
1.5 1.41 (-∞, μ0-c] U [μ0+c,∞)
1.5 1.53
𝜑/2 0.063 𝜑 0.126
0.3

|
(𝑋 ̅−𝜇_0
)/(𝑠/√𝑛
2.2 " " )| 2.98 K≥N NO RR Test
1.47 L≥E NO RR Test for Z
𝜑/2 0.073 𝜑 0.146 M≤C NO p_value Test

1.5 6.96 (μ0-c, μ0+c)

1.5 5.97 (-∞, μ0-c] U [μ0+c,∞)
1.5 0.40
𝜑/2 0.351 𝜑 0.702
0.95

|
|𝑝−𝜋_0 | (𝑝−𝜋_0
)/(𝜎/
0.09 √𝑛 " " )| 0.05 K≥N YES RR Test
3.58 L≥E YES RR Test for Z
𝜑/2 0.00017 𝜑 0.00034 M≤C YES p_value Test

Answer
0.01 0.03 (π0-c, π0+c)
0.01 0.03 [0,π0-c] U [π0+c,1]
0.01 0.39
𝜑/2 0.349 𝜑 0.697
0.95
One Tailed Hypothesis Testing
Pop. Mean Signif. Level Sample Size Pop. Var. Pop. StDev SMean StDev
𝜇_0 𝛼 1−𝛼 𝑧_(1−𝛼) 𝑛 𝜎^2 𝜎 𝜎/√𝑛
Example4,5 130 0.05 0.95 1.64 100 15 1.5
0 step 1.64
𝐻_1:𝜇<𝜇_0 0.05
YES

QuizEx4' 120 0.10 0.90 1.28 200 12 0.85

QuizEx4'' 120 0.15 0.85 1.04 200 12 0.85
QuizEx4'''
QuizEx4iv 0.01, 0.10, 0.30, 0.60, 0.95

Sample Var. Sample StDev

𝑡_(𝑛−1,1−𝛼) 𝑠^2 𝑠 𝑠/√𝑛

Example6 130 0.05 0.95 1.66 101 15 1.49
0 step 1.66
𝐻_1:𝜇>𝜇_0 0.05
YES

QuizEx5' 100 0.10 0.90 1.37 11 11 3.32

QuizEx5'' 100 0.15 0.85 1.09 11 11 3.32
QuizEx5'''
QuizEx5iv 0.01, 0.10, 0.30, 0.60, 0.95

One Tailed Hypothesis Testing for Prooportion

Pop. Mean Signif. Level Sample Size having char. S. StdDev SMean Stddev

𝜋_0=𝜇_0 𝛼 1−𝛼 𝑧_(1−𝛼) 𝑛 #1 𝜎 𝜎/√𝑛

Example7 0.08 0.20 0.8 0.84 118 8 0.271 0.025
0 step 0.84
𝐻_1:𝜋<𝜋_0 0.20
YES

QuizEx6' 0.07 0.10 0.90 1.28 245 16 0.255 0.016

QuizEx6'' 0.07 0.15 0.85 1.04 245 16 0.255 0.016
QuizEx6'''
QuizEx6iv 0.01, 0.10, 0.30, 0.60, 0.95

Example8 0.08 0.20 0.8 0.84 118 12 0.271 0.025

0 step
𝐻_1:𝜋>𝜋_0
YES
Statistic Standardized St p_value Accuracy Reject ±
|
𝑋 ̅ |𝑋 ̅−𝜇_0 | (𝑋 ̅−𝜇_0 𝑝_𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒(𝑋 ̅) 𝑐
)/(𝜎/
127.8 2.2 √𝑛 " " 1.47
)| 2.47 K≥N NO RR Test
1.47 L≥E NO RR Test for Z
𝜑 0.071 M≤C NO p_value Test

Answer
118.8 1.2 1.41 1.09 (μ0-c,∞ )
118.8 1.2 1.41 0.88 [0,μ0-c]
0.079
0.10

|
(𝑋 ̅−𝜇_0
)/(𝑠/√𝑛
132.2 2.2 " " )|1.474 2.48 K≥N NO RR Test
1.47 L≥E NO RR Test for Z
𝜑 0.072 M≤C NO p_value Test

Answer
101.8 1.8 0.54 4.55 [0,μ0+c)
101.8 1.8 0.54 3.63 [μ0+c,∞)
0.29960
0.30

Statistic Standardized St p_value Accuracy Reject ±

|
𝑝=𝑋 ̅ |𝑋 ̅−𝜇_0 | (𝑝−𝜋_0 𝑝_𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒(𝑋 ̅) 𝑐
)/(𝜎/
0.068 0.01 √𝑛 " "0.49
)| 0.02 K≥N NO RR Test
0.49 L≥E NO RR Test for Z
𝜑 0.313 M≤C NO p_value Test

Answer
0.065 0.00 0.29 0.021 (π0-c, 1]
0.065 0.00 0.29 0.017 [0,π0-c]
0.387
0.60

0.102 0.022 0.87 0.021 K≥N YES RR Test

X:surface Y:price 𝑦 ̂

80.00 212.00 282.11 avgX 𝑥 ̅ 131.00

200.00 313.00 593.23 avgY 𝑦 ̅ 414.33 800.00

185.00 717.00 554.34 700.00

140.00 431.00 437.67 corr(X,Y) 𝜌_𝑋𝑌 0.716 CORREL(X,Y) 600.00

95.00 270.00 321.00 500.00

60.00 261.00 230.25 cov(X,Y) 𝜎_𝑋𝑌 7684.67 COVARIANCE.P(X,Y) 400.00

210.00 431.00 619.15 var(X) 𝜎_𝑋^2 2964.00 VAR.P(X) 300.00
65.00 140.00 243.22 b1 2.59 200.00
70.00 282.00 256.18 b0 74.69 100.00
120.00 600.00 385.81
0.00
100.00 303.00 333.96 var( ) 𝜎_𝑌 ̂^219923.79 VAR.P(𝑌 ̂) 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120

90.00 220.00 308.03 var(Y) 𝜎_𝑌^238833.02 VAR.P(𝑌)

180.00 749.00 541.37 R2 0.5131
220.00 663.00 645.08
150.00 623.00 463.59
 𝑟_𝑋𝑌 Linear Correlati
Y:price ∑𝑥_𝑖 𝑦_𝑖∑ 〖𝑥 _𝑖 〗^2∑ 〖𝑦 _𝑖 〗^2
929435 301875

115270
𝑟_𝑋𝑌

210.86

𝜎_𝑋∙𝜎_𝑌
00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 140.00 160.00 180.00 200.00 220.00 240.00

SLR Model
COVARIANCE.P(X,Y)
VAR.P(X)
𝜎_𝑋𝑌
𝜎_𝑋^2
 Linear Correlation Coefficient
∑ 〖𝑦 _𝑖 〗^2 𝑥 ̅𝑦 ̅ 𝑥 ̅^2 𝑦 ̅^2 n
3157577 54277.67 17161.00 171672.11 15

CORREL(X,Y)
0.716 0.716

763.21

𝜎_𝑋∙𝜎_𝑌 𝜎_𝑋𝑌

SLR Model R2 (Goodness of Fit)

VAR.P(𝑌 ̂)
ARIANCE.P(X,Y) 7684.67 19923.79
VAR.P(𝑌)
VAR.P(X) 2964.00 38833.02
b1 2.59 R2 0.5131
b0 74.69
ŷ = b 0 + b 1* x

𝑦 ̅=𝑏_0+𝑏_1∙𝑥 ̅→
𝑏_0=𝑦 ̅−𝑏_1∙𝑥 ̅
X 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65
Y 32 31 29 26 28 27 25 25 24 22 22 19
Ŷ 32.74 31.39 30.03 28.67 27.32 25.96 24.61 23.25 21.89 20.54 19.18 17.83

x:mph vs y:mpg
35

30

25

20
y:mpg

15

10

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
x:mph

QuizExercises9
X 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55
Y 35 33 29 26 28 27 25 32 24 22
Ŷ 32.71 31.68 30.66 29.64 28.61 27.59 26.56 25.54 24.52 23.49

X 38 ΔX 2
Ŷ 26.97 ΔŶ -0.4097
70 75 avgX 𝑥 ̅ 42.50
14 11 avgY 𝑦 ̅ 23.93
16.47 15.11
corr(X,Y) 𝜌_𝑋𝑌 -0.943 CORREL(X,Y)

cov(X,Y) 𝜎_𝑋𝑌 -110.18 COVARIANCE.P(X,Y)

var(X) 𝜎_𝑋^2 406.25 VAR.P(X)
b1 -0.27
b0 35.45

var( ) 𝜎_𝑌 ̂^2 29.88 VAR.P(𝑌 ̂)

var(Y) 𝜎_𝑌^2 33.64 VAR.P(𝑌)
R2 0.89

avgX 𝑥 ̅ 32.50

avgY 𝑦 ̅ 28.10

corr(X,Y) 𝜌_𝑋𝑌 -0.743 CORREL(X,Y)

cov(X,Y) 𝜎_𝑋𝑌 -42.25 COVARIANCE.P(X,Y)

var(X) 𝜎_𝑋^2 206.25 VAR.P(X)
b1 -0.205
b0 34.758

var( ) 𝜎_𝑌 ̂^2 8.65 VAR.P(𝑌 ̂)

var(Y) 𝜎_𝑌^2 15.69 VAR.P(𝑌)
R2 0.55
Interview Avg S1 freq.
𝑥_𝑖 𝑦_𝑗 𝑓_(𝑖,𝑗) E(XY) E(X) E(Y) 𝜎_𝑥𝑦 𝜎_𝑥 𝜎_𝑦
8 14 1
9 11 1
9 13 1
9 15 1
10 11 1 Correlation (Interview,Avg S1)
10 12 2 18
10 13 2 16
10 14 1 14
10 15 1 12
11 10 2 10
Avg S1

11 11 2 8
11 12 3 6
11 13 4 4
11 14 4 2
11 15 2 0
6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
12 11 2
12 12 1 Interview
12 13 7
12 15 2
12 16 1
13 11 4
13 12 1
13 13 5
13 14 4
13 15 2
14 11 4
14 12 6
14 13 6
14 14 8
14 15 2
14 16 2
14 17 2
15 10 2
15 11 8
15 12 12
15 13 13
15 14 9
15 15 8
15 16 4
16 10 2
16 11 9
16 12 12
16 13 11
16 14 6
16 15 4
16 16 2
17 11 5
17 12 8
17 13 18
17 14 9
17 15 7
17 16 2
18 8 1
18 10 1
18 11 5
18 12 13
18 13 13
18 14 8
18 15 13
18 16 3
19 9 2
19 11 4
19 12 10
19 13 9
19 14 6
19 15 6
20 12 4
20 16 1
20 17 1
338
 𝜌_𝑥𝑦 𝐸(𝑋,𝑌)=∑▒ 〖𝑥 _𝑖∙𝑦_𝑗∙ 〖𝑝 (𝑥 〗 _𝑖,𝑦_𝑗) 〗(𝑝(𝑥_𝑖,𝑦_𝑗 )=𝑓_(𝑖,𝑗)/𝑛)

𝑆𝐿𝑅 Model: ŷ = b0 + b1* x ?

8 20 22
_𝑗 )=𝑓_(𝑖,𝑗)/𝑛)
 Mark Fin Acc sum 𝜒^2=∑▒(𝑓_(𝑖,𝑗)−𝑓_(𝑖,𝑗)^𝑡
3 )^2/(𝑓_(𝑖,𝑗)^𝑡 )
BA 31 13 16 60 p-value
BEng 8 16 7 31 14.70 0.023
BBA 12 16 10 17 39
other 10 5 7 22
sum 61 44 47 152

1 24.08 17.37 18.55

12.44 8.97 9.59
15.65 11.29 12.06
8.83 6.37 6.80
2 𝑓_3,2^𝑡=( 〖𝑓 _3 〗 ^𝑟∙ 〖𝑓 _2 〗 ^𝑐)/𝑛
1.99 )
(𝑓_(𝑖,𝑗)−𝑓_(𝑖,𝑗)^𝑡 )^2/(𝑓_(𝑖,𝑗)^𝑡 1.10 0.35
1.59 5.50 0.70
0.85 0.15 2.02
0.16 0.29 0.01
columns rows accuracy (ν) Reject ±
c r deg.free 𝛼 𝜒_(1−𝛼,(𝑟−1)∙(𝑐−1))^2
3 4 6 0.05 12.59 J≥P YES RR Test

K≤O YES p_value Test

 𝑓_(𝑖,𝑗) 𝑓_(𝑖,𝑗)^𝑡
Y_1 Y_2 Y_3 Y_4 sum
X_1 23 17 19 31 90 20.22 17.44 17.84
X_2 13 15 12 29 69 15.50 13.37 13.68
X_3 15 12 14 27 68 15.28 13.18 13.48
sum 51 44 45 87 227
𝑓_(𝑖,𝑗)^𝑡 〖 (𝑓_(𝑖,𝑗)−𝑓_(𝑖,𝑗)^𝑡 )^2/𝑓 〗 _(𝑖,𝑗)^𝑡 4 columns c
3 rows r
34.49 0.38 0.01 0.08 0.35 6 df
26.44 0.40 0.20 0.21 0.25 0.25 𝛼
26.06 0.01 0.11 0.02 0.03 2.04 𝜒^2
7.84𝜒_(1−𝛼,𝑑𝑓)^2
0.916 p-value