❖ MODULE 1

➢ R.A. 1425 or the Rizal Law

■ Republic Act 1425
● An act to include into the curriculum of all public and private
schools, colleges, and universities the life, works, and writings of
Rizal.
● This is in specific to his novels Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo
● Authorizes the printing and distribution
● The Rizal course is crafted by the congress to be a legislated
course
● All students are required to study this course
■ Rizal Law
● Requiring students to read the complete and unexpurgated versions
of Noli and El Fili
● Students may be exempted from reading the unexpurgated versions
of the novels
● Passed during the period of nationalist awakening (1950’s) by
Teodoro Agoncillo
● Passed congress during 1956 as a substitute bill
■ Objectives of the Rizal Law
● Reawaken sense of nationalism
● Open the eyes of Filipinos
● For students to feel proud of their nationality and history
➢ The Period of Nationalist Awakening (1950’s)
■ Rizal law was passed during the period of nationalist reawakening by
Teodoro Agoncillo
■ Members of Congress were very nationalistic
■ Crafted policies that were nationalistic
➢ Social Background of the 1950’s before the R.L.
■ Neocolonialism- we were under the indirect rule of the USA
■ Colonial Mentality
■ Strong influence of the church on politics and political issues
➢ Noli-Fili Bill
■ The Original bill on Rizal was called the Noli - Fili Bill written by Claro
M. Recto
■ An act to make Noli and El-Fili compulsory reading material in all schools
and universities
■ Filed in the senate by the committee on Education on April 13, 1956, the
chair of Committee on Education was Jose P. Laurel
■ Senate Bill. 438
■ Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo shall be in the original editions or
in their unexpurgated english and natural language versions
■ Any public or private college or university found violating or failure to
comply with the act will be punished.
 ■ This bill was opposed by the Catholic Church and it must be
amended/substituted to pass.
➢ Pro Rizal Arguments
■ Sen. Quintin Paredes
● “How can you instill unity when you, the advocates of it, insist on
enforcing your will?”
■ Sen. Laurel
● “We see ourselves as in a mirror; our defects as well as our
strength, our virtues as well as our vices”
■ Sen. Domocao Alonto
● “Rizal’s books were the bible of the indonesians during their
struggle for independence”
■ Mayor Arsenio Lacson
● “Enemies that threaten the very foundation of our freedom,
colonial-minded people”
■ Emilio Aguinaldo
● “Government should assert the constitutional separation of Church
and State”
➢ Anti-Rizal Bill
■ Sen. Rodrigo
● “It was because of the sufferings that he endured that he became
our national hero”
➢ The Meaning and Concept of Nationalism by Claro M. Recto and Jose Rizal
■ Nationalism for Recto
● Conscious that we are distinct people with our own characters and
spirits
● One with his people's history and has enshrined in his heart the
precepts and our heroes
● Sense of Racial Identity
● Love and Devotion to all that is of this land
● Nourished by a sense of history
● One Common Ideal, One common Point, One Common Allegiance
■ Fake Nationalist
● Barong Tagalog Nationalist
◆ Superficial sense of nationalism
● Internationalist Nationalist
◆ Sacrifices Nationalist advances in the political and
economic fields than to go against foreign interest
● Hypocritical
◆ Mouth nationalist slogans but have no intentions living up
to them

■ How can we show Nationalism according to Recto?

● Patronize own in the economic, political, social, and cultural fields.
● No exclusion of our neighbors
● Self Cultivation, Self-Dependence, Self-Respect
 ● Defend our Territory
● Have an Honest and Efficient Government
● Reassert our national rights
■ Nationalism for Rizal
● El Amor Patrio
◆ Love of Country is Purest and Most Heroic
◆ Love of Country is Eternal and Indestructible
◆ Make Monumental contributions for your country
◆ To die for your country, give one's life to fulfill their duty
◆ Sacrifice one's youth
◆ Give life to the defense of country, others shed blood
◆ Dedicated to their Brilliance
● To the Filipino Youth
◆ Excel in the Arts and Sciences
◆ Do not be Lethargic
◆ Use your energy for your country’s sake
■ How did Rizal explain the absence of nationalism in the Philippines?
● The Absence of resistance to policies that damage the nation and
the absence of initiative on anything that will be good for the
nation.
● Individuals that are separate, not belonging, and not a member of a
country
● Only personal development and welfare but not for the country\
➢ What is Nationalism (Synthesis)?
■ Clear concept of a country/nation
■ Love of Country
■ Common Identity
■ Unity of Goals and Objectives
➢ Heroism of Rizal
■ A Hero, not only a revolutionary thinker or leader
● May be based on noble qualities, totality of achievements
● Distinguished valor or enterprise in danger of gratitude in
suffering
● Honored after death by public worship because of exceptional
service
● Complete abandonment of personal interest to think of his country,
other known as a national hero
■ To be a nation hero, is to be someone who is acting for the countries
interest (as a whole and not selective) and not for one's benefit
■ Authors see Rizal differently and are seen from different perspectives.
Some agree that he's worthy of being the national hero, while others think
he's not worthy. None of these views are wrong, and all of these are
correct. They present arguments of each of the views presented on Rizal's
Heroism.
■ Post Modernist View - Kanya-kanyang Rizal.
➢ The Philippines during the Spanish Period 1565-1898 (Integration)
■ Before the 19th Century (1565-1800) is the start of the Spanish
Colonialism
● Done through the Legazpi Expedition
■ Political System
● Hierarchical Bureaucracy
◆ From Spain to the Philippines (Colony)
◆ Spain > Mexico (Until the 19th Century) > Colony
(Philippines)
◆ Council of Indies
➢ Crafts laws for the colony and ended in 1834
● Central Government
◆ Commander-in-chief
◆ Vice-real patron (power over the friars)
◆ Has executive, legislative, and judicial powers (heads the
real audiencia)
◆ Can Veto Laws
● Colony-Philippines
◆ Central Government
◆ Provincial Government
➢ Alcadia
■ Pacified Provinces
■ Ruled by Alcalde Mayor
■ A city council
■ Cebu, Manila, Vigan, Iloilo, Legaspi
(Albay)
➢ Corregimiento
■ Unpacified Provinces
■ Corregidor
◆ Local Government
➢ Pueblo
■ Town
■ Ruled by Town Mayor
➢ Barrio
■ Barrio/Barangay
■ Cabeza De Barangay
● Royal Patronage (Union of Church and State)
◆ Governer General (power over the friars)
◆ Archbishop
● Frailocratic (Government ruled by the friars)
◆ Monastic Supremacy- supreme power of the friars in the
philippine colonial society
◆ Regulars
◆ Seculars
■ Powers of Friars
● Political
◆ Elections
 ◆ Censorship
◆ Schools
◆ Peace and Order
◆ Public Works
● Economic
◆ Selling of Indulgences
◆ Donations
◆ Selling of Rosaries and Scapulary
● Religious
◆ Evangelization and Christianization- Regulars
◆ Administration of Parishes - Seculars
● Friars took the lands of the natives and became the owners. The
Middle Class of Filipinos were made to be Land
Tenants/Managers/Inquilino
● Education
◆ Religious/Sectarian
◆ Brutalizing, dehumanizing, tyrannical
◆ Obsolete and Backward
➢ Primary
■ Parish priests were teachers that taught
Christianity
➢ Secondary
■ Colegio for Boys
● UST
● Ateneo Municipal
● Letran College
■ Boarding schools Spanish Girls and native
elite/middle class
● First school for girls is Colegio de
Santa Potenciana
● College of Sta. Isabel
■ Beaterios for Filipino girls
● School and Nursery
● Teach Christianity, Good Manners,
Right Conduct, Reading, Writing,
Counting, Sewing, Singing
● Sta. Catalina
● Sta. Rosa
● Sta. Rita
➢ University
■ Pontifical and Royal University of Santo
Tomas
➢ Social Stratification
■ Race = (Spanish, Filipino, Natives, Indio, Chinese)
● Spaniards
● Peninsulares
 ● Insulares/Filipino
● Natives
● Principales/Native Elite
● Indio
● Sangley Chinese
■ Religion = (Baptized Christian, Muslim, Pagans)
● Sangley/Chinese
◆ Retail Trade Business
◆ Opened small shops
◆ Sold chinese silk, lacquered wares and furniture, spices,
and exotic foods
● Control of the Chinese
◆ Segregation - Parian
➢ Taxation
➢ Deportation
➢ Segregation of Natives based on religion
■ Indio - Christianized Natives (Baptized)
■ Moro - Muslims
■ Infieles - Pagans
➢ Women during the Spanish Period
■ Friars were blindly followed by women
➢ Economic policies of Spain in the Philippies
■ Taxation
● Tributo
◆ Form of vassalage to the king as colonial subjects
● Income Tax Certificate
◆ Cedula personal replaced tributo
● Real Compra de Bandala
◆ Forced sale of crops to the colonial government
■ Encomienda
● Entrusting of land (encomienda) by the spanish king to the loyal
spaniards (Official or church called encomendero)
● Encomendoro Collects Taxes from Natives
■ Polo Y Servicio
● Forced Labor
■ Monopoly imposed in provinces tobacco
■ Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade
■ The Philippines is used as a trading tool by the Spaniards by having other
countries import to the Philippines and be exported to Acalpuco, Mexico.
This is done through Galleons

➢ When Galleons Return from Mexico to the Philippines

■ Friars brought to Manila
■ Goods and Items brought to Manila by the Galleon
● Rope
● Paper
 ● Gunpowder
● Documents and News from Spain
➢ Natives Reaction to Spanish Rule
■ Is Nationalism present during the Pre 19th century?
● Did all the natives (Filipinos) accept the Spanish rule?
◆ No
● How did they react/respond?
◆ Natives responded/reacted different with no single goal,
objective, and strategy
■ Reasons for Resisting Spanish Rule
● Personal Interest
● For Political Power
● Resistance to Economic Exploitation
● Against Catholicism
■ Characteristics of Filipino Resistance against Spanish Rule
● Based on Geographic location or ethnic affiliation
◆ Regional
◆ Sectional
◆ Tribal
● Lack of unity among the natives
● Even if they were suffering from the same oppressive spanish rule
● Strategies for Resistance were also diverse
◆ Rebellion - Indio
◆ Retreat - Infieles
◆ Raids - Moro
● Religious reasons
◆ Panay proclaimed himself God Almighty
➢ No Need for Friars
➢ Go back to Babaylan
◆ Francisco
➢ Refusal of priest to give a christian burial to a
filipino
◆ Hermano Pule/Apolinario De La Cruz
➢ Established the confradia de san jose (religious
brotherhood) or confraternity
➢ Duties
■ Organize Religious Events
■ Assist Priests
➢ Church and Spain did not recognize the confradia
de san jose
➢ Declared heretic by the friars
➢ Pule and Confradia declared war in the name of
religious freedom
➢ Pule-King of tagalogs- Millenarian Movement
➢ Executed by Quartering
● Political Reasons
 ◆ Lakandula
➢ Loss of Political Freedom
➢ Overthrow Spanish Regime
◆ Andres Malong
➢ Pangasinan- declared himself as the king of
Pangasinan
◆ Pedro Almazon
➢ 1661
➢ Ilocos = Declared himself as king of ilocanos
● Economic Reasons
◆ Francisco Maniago
➢ Resisted the Requisition of men to cut timber for
shipbuilding
➢ Non-payment of quota goods sold to Government
◆ Diego and Gabriela Silang
➢ Set up an independent Government in Vigan
➢ Abolish Tribute
➢ Imprisoned because of his demands
■ Why do you think Nationalism did not develop before 1872?
● Prevented by the spanish colonial policies
● No concept of Nationalism yet
◆ No concept of country (conscious that natives belong to a
single country - no concept of motherland)
◆ No Common Identity - No concept of being a Filipino
◆ No Common Goal or Objective
◆ Not bounded by Single interest
➢ Development of Philippine Nationalism
■ Narciso Claveria released Catalogo Alfabetico de Appellidos
■ Philippines opened to world trade
■ Manila linked to world global capitalist network
■ Relation of Trade restrictions
■ Entry of European goods
■ Entry of Foreign Banks, British, and American Merchants
➢ Development of Philippine Export Trade or cash crop economy
■ Development of Commercial Agriculture
■ Cash Crop Economy
● Raw materials and crops exported to European countries and US
● Sugar, tobacco, coconut, abaca, coffee, indigo
➢ Opening of Banks
■ Monte de Piedad y Casa de Ahorros
● Oldest Savings bank and Pawnshop
➢ Developments in Transportations
■ Manila Dagupan Railway
■ Development of Telegraph Lines
➢ Development of a new social class
■ The clase media or middle class
 ● From the Principalia, Chinese, and Spanish Mestizos classes -
Clase Media
● Beneficiaries of new wealth earned through commercial
agriculture
● Family - Borrowed money from foreign banks to plant cash crops
● Some owned lands: others were Inquilinos or land tenants
● Children were educated in Europe
● Politically and economically powerful\
● From the middle class came some of the intellectual filipinos who
were enlightened/awakened regarding the importance of liberal
ideas = Ilustrados\
■ 19th Century Stratification Race
● Peninsulares
● Insularies
● Spanish Mestizo
● Principales
● Chinese Mestizo
● Indio
● Sangley
➢ 19th century world event
■ Opening of Suez Canal
● Linked the red sea and the mediterranean sea
● Faster transport of goods
● Liberal ideas and philosophy about freedom and democracy
entered the philippines
● Shorter Route between Spain and the Philippines
➢ Factors that contributed to the development of philippine nationalism
■ With the opening of the philippines to world trade
● Entry of Liberal Ideas from other countries into the philippines
● Entry of Literature and Newspapers
● Liberal ideas stated in literary works and publications inspired
filipinos and developed their sense of nationalism
■ World events that introduced liberal ideas or make the filipinos realized
the weakness of spain
● Seven year war (Spain VS Great Britain) affected the philippines
when britain invaded Manila
● Spain is weak and can be defeated - Myth of Spanish Invincibility
■ Age of Enlightenment in Europe
● Social Contract Theory
◆ People surrender some individual freedoms in return for
safety and security
◆ When the Government exceeds the boundaries set in place
by the people, it is the mission of the people to abolish such
government, and begin anew.
 ● Impact of Social Contract Theory
◆ American Revolution and the American Declaration of
Independence
◆ French Revolution
● In the Philippines, Liberalism under Carlos Maria de la Torre
◆ Government-General Carlos
◆ Freedom of Speech
◆ Abolish press espionage
■ Rise of Ilustrados
● From the Clase Media or middle class families who were realized
“enlightened” to the importance of liberalism, fighting for people's
rights, and of instituting changes in the government
➢ Stages of Nationalist Movements in the Philippines
■ Secularization Movement
● Regulars
◆ Belong to a religious order
◆ Duties
➢ Go to Pagan Lands
➢ Teach Doctrines
➢ Prepare natives for Baptism
● Seculars
◆ Not part of Religious order
◆ Work
➢ Supervise the day-to-day activity of the converts
➢ Teach Christianity to children of converts
➢ Strengthen converts through the sacraments
■ Situation before 1768
● Priesthood closed to Filipinos
● Regulars never left the parishes
■ Problems of the Church in the Philippines
● Parish became bigger- need for more parish priests
● Regular priests refused to undergo visitation
● Archbishop has no right to visitation only the provincial superiors
● Regular Priests = resign and vacate their parishes
● Archbishop Sancho de Sta. Justa’s solution
◆ Train Filipinos to be secular priests
◆ Filipino clergy took over the parishes vacated by the
regular priests
● Criticism against the Filipino Seculars
◆ Filipinos unfit to act as the parish priests\
◆ Filipinos - inferior and mediocre parish priests
● Regulars demanded the return of parishes to them
 ■ Development of Secularization Movement
● Phase 1 (Fr. Mariano Gomez and Fr. Pedro Pelaez)
◆ Goal is to return of parishes to Filipino secular priests and
implement church reforms
◆ Implement reform in the churches in the philippines
◆ Provide good and adequate training for the filipino secular
priests
◆ How?
➢ Write to the king of Spain
➢ Hire a Lawyer
● Phase 2 (Fr. Jose Burgos)
◆ Goal is to seek equality between the spanish regulars and
filipino secular priests and defend the filipinos against the
racial attacks of the spanish friars
◆ Answered the racist attacks made to the filipino clergy by
the friars
◆ Fought the rights of Filipino seculars against the racial
criticism of spanish regulars
◆ In the Manifesto of Fr. Burgos
➢ Filipino used for the first time to mean the natives
➢ Burgos identified himself as a filipino
➢ Defended natural talent and capacity of the filipinos
➢ Filipino always loyal to the church
◆ Goals
➢ Nationalist Interest
➢ Racial Equality
■ Cavite Mutiny
● Workers of Cavite shipyards dissatisfied
● Exempted from tribute to polo
● Rafael Izquierdo removed the exemption from tributo and polo
● Implicated into the mutiny were the members of the comite de
reformadores
◆ A group that campaigned for equality in law and for civil
and political rights
➢ GOMBURZA Execution: Birth of Filipino Nationalism
■ GOM-BUR-ZA linked to the mutiny because of their reform group
■ Executed for treason by garrote (strangulation) on February 17, 1872
➢ What is the significance of the GOMBURZA Execution for Rizal and the
Filipinos?
■ Dr. Rizal’s dedication of the El Filibusterismo to the GOMBURZA
■ Letter of Jose Rizal to Mariano Ponce
■ El Filibusterismo (1891)
● Dr. Jose Rizal dedication to GOMBURZA
● Rizal considered the execution of the three priests as unjust
● No proof of GOMBURZA’s involvement in the mutiny
➢ Impact of GOMBURZA Execution
■ Birth of Filipino Nationalism
■ Filipino sentiments were converted from native regionalism and
sectionalism to nationalism
■ Opened/awakened the eyes of filipino of the cruelties and injustice
committed by the friars and the spanish government
➢ Reform/Propaganda Movement
■ Place: Spain
■ Time: 1880’s
■ Main Goal: Assimilation
● Extend Peninsulars laws of Spain in the Philippines
● Equality between Spanish and Filipinos
● More democratic rights and proper governance
● Make the philippines a province of spain
● Freedom of press and freedom of speech
● Filipino representation in the spanish parliament (Cortes)
● Expulsion of friars and the secularization of the parishes - Anti
friar sentiments
■ Methods: Political writings and paintings
■ Audience: Spanish Government and Educated Filipinos
■ Political Writings, Paintings, Novels, Essays, Poems
■ Publication of the propaganda movement
● Reformistas demands and responses to the accusations of the
spanish government
■ Notable members
● Jose Rizal
● Juan Luna
● Antonio Luna
● Felix R. Hidalgo
➢ KKK (Katipunan)\
■ Place: Tondo, Manila
■ Time: July 7, 1892
■ Goal: Independence and Separation
■ Audience: Filipino Masses
■ Notable members
● Andres Bonifacio
● Deodato Arellano
● Teodoro Plata
● Valentin Diaz
■ Methods:
■ Join the Secret Society
● Establishment of KKK Chpaters
● Establish a womens chapter
● Used traignle method to increase membership
■ Used Political Writings
● Katapusang Hibik ng Pilipinas
 ● Kartilya ng Katipunan
● Ang Dapat Mabatid ng mga Tagalog
■ Start a revolution
➢ Peak Nationalism
■ Katipunan - 1892-1897
■ Launched the 1896 Revolution
➢ Philippine Revolution, 1896-1902
■ Phase 1 - Spain VS Philippines
■ Phase 2 - USA VS Philippines
❖ MODULE 2
➢ Spanish Colonialism 1565-1898
➢ Colonial Policies
■ Political
● Development of Hierarchical, Bureaucracy, Divide-et-impera
■ Economic\
● Exploitative Policies
■ Social
● Race, class, and religious segregation of society- Divide-et-impera
■ Cultural
● Religious imposition, religion as pacification tool

Secularization Reform/Propaganda Katipunan (KKK)

Period 1861-1872 1880-1896 1892-1897

Prominent Members Fr. Pedro Pelaez Gregorio Sancianco Andres Bonifacio

Fr. Mariano Gomez Jose Rizal Deodato Arellano
Fr. Jose Burgos Antonio Luna Teodoro Plata
Juan Luna Valentin Diaz

Objectives ● Phase 1: ● Assimilation ● Separation

Return of ● Equality of from Spain
Parishes to Rights and ● Independence
Secular treatment of the
priests; repeal between Philippines
of royal order spanish and from the
1861 filipinos spanish rule
● Phase 2: ● Province of
Equality Spain
between ● Freedom of
filipino and speech
spanish clergy ● Filipino
representation
in Parliament
● Expulsion of
Friars
Methods Write Manifesto, Use Political Writings, Political Writings,
of Pulpit Paintings Recruit members,
launch a revolution

❖ MODULE 3: Biography of Jose Rizal: Life, Works, and Writings

➢ Influences of Rizal during his formative years
■ Family Background
● Mercado Family
◆ Don Francisco Mercado (1818-1898), Father of Rizal
➢ Went to calamba and leased from the dominican
order a great estate in the lake region of calamba
➢ Was an inquilino or tenant
◆ Family are into Business-Traders
● Alonso Family
◆ Teodora Alonso (1826-1911), Mother of Rizal
◆ Family members are affluent
◆ Politicians and Lawyers
● Mercados and Alonsos
◆ Clase media or middle class filipinos
◆ Fathers family is full of politicians and Inquilinos
◆ Mothers family is full of politicians and lawyers
● Rizal's sisters and Brother
◆ Saturnina Rizal-Hidalgo
◆ Paciano Rizal
◆ Narcisa Rizal-Lopez
◆ Olimpia Rizal-Ubaldo
◆ Lucia Rizal-Herbosa
◆ Maria Rizal-Cruz
◆ Concepcion Rizal
◆ Josefa Rizal
◆ Trinidad Rizal
◆ Soledad Rizal-Quintero\
● Role of Paciano Mercado
◆ Only brother of Rizal
◆ Ten years older than Rizal
◆ Described to be the noblest of filipinos by Rizal
■ Calamba, Laguna
● Hometown, described as “Cradle and Joy”
● Laguna Lake and Mt. Makiling
■ Rizal's Early Education
 ● His mother was his first teacher, taught him the alphabet,
memorized proverbs, songs, nursery jingles. She taught him prayer
in Spanish, Tagalog, and latin. She also taught young Rizal
regarding the love of Tagalog Language and Poetry.
● Education in Binan, Laguna under Justiniano Cruz. First time Rizal
was separated from his family. Rizal cried in the arms of Paciano
during their trip to Binan. Rizal said it was ugly and gloomy, he
was beaten by a wooden paddle. He described his experience as,
“in spite of the reputation I had of being a good boy, it was a lucky
day when I was not laid out on a bench and given 5 or 6 of the
best”.
■ Personal Events
● Death of Sister Concepcion
● Imprisonment of his mother
■ Local Event
● Execution of GOMBURZA
● Paciano was close to Fr Burgos, and he was the one who told the
family about the execution
■ Rizal's Education in Manila
● Rizal in Ateneo Municipal de Manila, 1872-1877
◆ 11 years old
◆ Jesuit education in Ateneo Municipal
➢ The best years of Rizal's life
➢ Liberal education under the jesuits
➢ The best educators
➢ Studied Bachelor of Arts
➢ Studied Agrimensura (Land Surveyor)
● Rizal in UST, 1877-1882
◆ Philosophy and Letters, 1877-1878
◆ Medicine, 1878-1882
◆ Reexamine his UST days
➢ “Unhappy days in UST”\
➢ Discrimination
➢ Backward Education
➢ Obsolete Equipment
➢ Low Grades
● Based on the school records, Rizal was a good student that was
above average. His strongest suit was philosophy and letters but
not medicine.
● In Madrid, his medical grades are the same or lower
 ● He was never discriminated against in UST, but received
dispensation
● Racial Discrimination did not exist in his class as all the spanish
classmates dropped it
● Rizal remained as one of the seven students who graduated from
UST and was 2nd place
● Rizal's writings while in UST
◆ Won a contest with his entry “to the filipino youth”
➢ Written by a filipino and awarded by the spaniards
➢ Identified the filipinos as the hope of the
motherland
➢ Youth should rise from lethargy
➢ Excel in arts and sciences
➢ Do your best in studies, strive for excellence
◆ He was discriminate against though because he was not
spanish when his allegorical drama El Consejos de los
dioses won the literary contest
● Had a love affair with Leonor Rivera
➢ “Sa aking mga Kabata” (1869)
■ Rizal was only 8 years old
■ Rizal had an idea of nationalism as early a 1869
■ Tone is harsh, advice is to treasure our language
➢ Arguments that Rizal did not write the poem
■ Language too advanced
■ Kalayaan was not a common word and he did not learn the word until he
was 25 years old
■ Jose Rizal cannot translate the word liberty to tagalog
■ Poem mentioned about freedom and nationhood as they are about
language
■ Poem equates a people's love for their language with their desire to be free
■ Rizal's motivation to fight against injustice came in 1872
■ He never mentioned this poem to Mariano Ponce
➢ Conclusion
■ Rizal did not write this poem
➢ Rizal's First trip to Europe to First return to calamba (1882-1888)
➢ Mission of Rizal in Europe
■ Finish his medicine course
■ Fulfill the mission placed by Paciano
● To bring to the attention of the officials in spain
◆ Misgovernment of colonial officials
◆ Abuses to the Filipinos
➢ Europe introduced Rizal to diverse cultural beliefs, liberal ideas, and scientific
knowledge, that were not studied, present, or practiced in the philippines
■ Religion and Religious views
■ Political Ideas - Liberal Ideas
■ Scientific Ideas
■ Humanities and the Social Sciences
■ Cultural Traditions and Practices
■ Different People
■ Languages
➢ Influenced and contributed to Rizal's awakening, political thinking, ideas,
philosophy, values, and concept of nationalism
➢ Steamships
■ Salvadora
● Obsolete, antiquated, passengers, discriminated rizal
● Compared it to the Philippines under Spain
■ Djemnah
● New and Modern European Ship, passengers welcomed Rizal
● Compared it to europe, modern and liberal
➢ Barcelona, Spain
■ Rizal wrote “El Amor Patrio”
■ “Love of country is the purest, most heroic, and most sublime human
sentiment”
■ Means making numerous sacrifices and self denials in the name of the
country
■ Always love our country
➢ Madrid, Spain
■ Universidad central de madrid which later became Colegio de Médicos
■ Finished licentiate in medicine and licentiate in philosophy and letters
➢ Ateneo de Madrid
■ Contributed to the professional development of Rizal
➢ Congreso de los diputados
■ The filipino community lobbied in this building for the recognition of the
filipinos right to autonomy and for equal rights with spanish citizens
➢ Influences
■ Fellow Illustrados like Juan Luna
➢ Paris
■ Rizal trained under ophthalmologist Dr. Louis De Wecker
➢ Heidelberg, Germany
■ Trained under Dr. Otto Becker, in the university eye hospital
■ Enrolled for conferences
■ He wrote “the flowers of heidelberg” where he was homesick and showed
his love for the philippines
➢ Willhelmsfeld, Germany
■ Met protestant Pastor Karl Ulmer
■ Discussed about religion and differences in faith
➢ Leipzig, Germany
■ Met Dr. Hans Meyer
■ Chief of Bibliographical institute of germany
➢ Dresden, Germany
■ Met Dr Adolph Meyer
■ Director of Anthropological and Ethnological Museum
➢ Berlin, Germany
■ Met Dr. Rudolf Virchow, a german anthropologist
■ Rizal joined the anthropological society and geographical society of berlin
■ Met Dr. Feodor Jagor, german scientist that is t6he author of Travels in the
Philippines
■ Met Maximo Viola, who helped publish Noli Me Tangere (1887)
➢ Personal events
■ Liberal Environment in Europe compared to the Philippines
■ Toasting Speech given by Rizal in the Banquet for Juan Luna and Felix
Hidalgo for winning highest honors at the Bella Exposición de bellas artes.
This was a speech that was made against the friars and or revealed their
wrong doings
■ Publication of the Noli Me Tangere
● Published on Noli March 21, 1887 in Berlin, Germany
● 64 chapters
● Showed the impact of his european education and experiences
● Second attack against the friars
● Friars were criticized in the novel through characters like PAdre
Damaso and Padre Salvi
● Criticized not only the friars but the weaknesses of the Filipinos
● Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo are classified as political,
social, and historical documents
 ● Issues diiscussed in Noli Me Tangere
◆ Gender, Racial, and Social Inequality
◆ System of Education
◆ Blind Obedience
◆ Cultural Practices
◆ Religious Fanaticism
◆ Political Issues
➢ Rizal's First Return (1887-1888)
■ Why return to the philippines?
● Check sales of Noli
● Check eye of Mother
■ Spanish Friars
● Crimes committed against the friars
◆ Rizal spoke blasphemously against the friars
➢ Speech for Luna and Hidaldo\
➢ Publication of the Noli Me Tangere
➢ Seen as heretical, scandalous, impious, subversive,
and unpatriotic
● Friars banned the Noli Me Tangere
■ People of Calamba
● He was called “Doctor Uliman”
◆ German, Protestant, Spy of Germany, Enemy of the
Catholic Church
■ Impact of the labels to the Rizal Family
● Family was uncomfortable with Rizal due to the accusations
● Rizal felt alone
■ Gov. Gen. Emilio Terrero
● Summoned for an Interview
● Ordered an evaluation of the novels
● Rizal's safety must be secured and gave bodyguard to Rizal
■ Rizal's 3rd Attack against the Friars: Issue on the Calamba Land
● Calamba
◆ Lands of Friars are bigger but they were not paying taxes
◆ Rizal reported and submitted to the Governor General
which ended up having it investigated
● Fight with the Friars and Meeting with Gov Gen
● Rizal's decision to return to Europe
◆ Made enemies with the friars, Felt like an outcast, wanted
to write the sequel of Noli, write about the past of the
philippines
➢ Rizals second Trip Abroad
■ Rizal touched by Balbino Mauricios Story
● Exiled to Marianas
● Disguised as a monk to escape
● Rejected by the family and lived in the slums
■ In Japan
● Rizal studied Japanese
● Yokohama and Tokyo
● Offered a position in the Spanish embassy of Japan
■ Why offer a position in the Spanish embassy in Japan?
● To keep Rizal under Spanish eyes
● If he accepts the position, he will Halt writings against the friars
and the government. To which he declined the position.
■ Liham sa mga kababaihan ng Malolos
● Praised women for their successful petition to open a school to
study Spanish
● Women in the Philippines - coward, ignorant, weak, passive,
submissive. Etc
● Ignorant and submissive mothers will produce children. Who will
become acolytes and cockfighters
● Critic of Friars : Selling friars of rosaries and scapulars “Can god
be bribed and bought off?”
● Women are important
● Asia is backward
● Importance of education
■ Indolence of the Filipinos
● Published in the La solidaridad in Madrid, in five installments
● Indolence in the philippines - not hereditary and achronic malady
● Indolence is a result of backwardness, misgovernance, and lack of
development
● Filipinos were not lazy
■ Decline of Labor in the Philippines
● wars and internal disorder
● Invasions
● Depopulation due to piratical attacks, wars, and hunger,
● Due to colonial policies
● Education in the Philippines is limited, brutalizing, and
dehumanizing
● Causes of problem
● Lack of training
 ● Need the inertia to oppose prejudicial measures of
government/lack of nationalism
● Need genuine education = social GOODNESS/NATIONALISM
● Need to unite as a country
● Need reforms in the philippines = more liberty
■ The Philippines: A century Hence
● when Spanish colonized the philippines, Filipinos forgot their
culture (ashamed of their own culture)
● Friars had a mask
● If Spain wants to keep the Philippines too be loyal, there must be
genuine reform and liberty
● Philippines will win the revolution
■ Calamba Eviction
● Rizal is angered by the event as he couldn’t help hi family
● Rise of a Radical Rizal
■ Rizal-Del Pilar Rivalry
● Cause
◆ Election of the leader of the Filipinos in madrid and role of
the leader regarding the direction of the la solidaridad
● Result
◆ Rizal won the elections, however did not accept the
position
■ Events
● Publication of El Fili
◆ 1891
◆ Ghent, Belgium
◆ Dedicated to GOMBURZA
◆ 39 chapters
◆ Themes
➢ Concept of change - Reformist VS Radical ways
➢ Education
➢ Discrimination
➢ Abuse of power of the friars
➢ Social Inequality
● Rizal's plans while in Hong Kong
◆ Develop a new Calamba
◆ North Borneo Colonization project
● Rizal decides to return to the philippines
◆ Establish the la liga Filipina
 ◆ Talk to the Gov Gen in regards to the north Borneo
colonization project, to resettle all the Calamba farmers that
were evicted
◆ Counter the accusation that Rizal abandoned the country’
cause
➢ Rizals Second return to the philippines to Rizals Execution
■ Objectives of the La Liga Filipina
● Unite the whole archipelago into one compact and homogenous
body
● Mutual protection
● Defense against all violence and injustice
● Encouragement of instruction, agriculture, and commerce
● Study and Application of Reforms
■ Other careers of Pepe in Dapitan
● Teacher
● Doctor
● engineer
● Biologist/inventor/scientist
● Sculptor
● Farmer
● Businessman
● Poet
■ Advice of Jose Rizal
● Ensure you have sufficient arms
● All precautionary measures to prevent the discovery of the secret
organization should be done
● Principal chiefs of the katipunan should work hard to prevent
premature shedding of blood
● Attract “All the rich and influential persons of Manila and the
provinces” to join the secret organization
● Seek help of Antonio Luna
● Luna is a “very intelligent man” and “his free access to the homes
of wealthy Filipinos”
● Can direct the campaign in case hostilities break out
● Can serve a a liaison between the masses and the educated and
wealthy Filipinos
➢ Rizal on Protestantism
➢ Rizal respects different religions
➢ Rizals God: A Creator
➢ Use of ones own lantern of judgement and reason
 ➢ Use of ones own conscience
➢ Myth of Church Infallibility
➢ Rizals Arrest, Trial, and Execution
■ Events
● revolution began on August 23, 1896
● Rizal bound for Cuba
● Rizal Imprisoned at the Montjuich castle, Barcelona Spain
● Rizal returned to Manila and brought to Fort Santiago
● Trial of Rizal Dec 265, 1896
● Signing of Execution paper Dec 28, 1896
● Retraction of Rizal Dec 29, 1896
● Execution Dec 30, 1896
■ Accusations/Crimes
● Sedition
◆ Writing against the friars and the Spanish government
● Rebellion
◆ Led the revolution in 1896
● Illegal Association
◆ Rizal was the leader of the Katipunan
■ Did Rizal Retract?
● Yes
■ The Rizal Monument
● Act No. 243, On September 28 1901 “right to use public land upon
the luneta in the city of Manila to build a mon Usenet to
commemorate Jose Rizal”
● Would not only be a statue but houses his remains
❖ MODULE 4: Application and Actualizing
➢ To the Filipino Youth
➢ El Amor Patrio
➢ Mi Ultimo Adios