Islamic republic of Afghanistan

Ministry of Education
Afghan Turk Maarif high schools

Mathematic Lessons for

th
11 Class

lecturer: Shekib Moushfiq

year: 2020
Chapter 2
 : A sequence is called geometric if the ratio
between each consecutive term is common.

OR: If a sequence (bn) has the same ratio q between its

consecutive terms, then it is called a geometric sequence.
For Example, look at the sequence 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 … is it a
geometric sequence or not.
Ex: State whether the following sequences are geometric or
not. If a sequence is geometric, find the common ratio.

a. 3, 6, 12, 24 …..

b. 2, 2, 2, 2, …..

c. 1, 4, 9, 16, …

d. 1, 3, 9, 16, …..
Ex: State whether the following sequences are geometric or
not. If a sequence is geometric, find the common ratio.

a. bn = 2n

b. bn = n2 + 4
If (an) is geometric, then we only know that an+1 = an ⋅ q. Let us
write a few terms.
a 1 = a1
a 2 = a1 × q
a3 = a2 × q (a1 × q) q = a1 × q2
a4 = a3 × q (a1 × q2 )q = a1 × q3
.
.
.

an = a1 × qn-1
 GENERAL TERM FORMULA

The general term of a geometric sequence (an) with common

ratio q is:
an = a1 × q n-1
Ex: If 20, 40, 80 are the first three terms of a geometric sequence
(an), find the sixth term.
 𝟏
Ex: (an) is a geometric sequence with a1 = 2 and q = find fifth term:
𝟐
 𝟏
Ex: Consider the geometric sequence (an) with a1= , q = 3 Is 243 is a
𝟗
term of this sequence?
TRYOUT 5 (page: 18)
 ADVANCED GENERAL TERM FORMULA
The general term of a geometric sequence (an) with
common ratio q is

an = aP × q n-P

where ap is any term of the sequence.

Ex: İn a geometric sequence İF a2 = 4 and a4 = 16 find q = ?
Ex: İn a geometric sequence if a3 = 27 and q = 3 find a5=?
 Middle term formula
(geometric sequence)

(bp)2= b p – k ⋅ b p + k where k < p.

Ex: 1, x, 9 are three consecutive terms of a geometric sequence.
Find x=?
Ex: : Find the common ratio q for the geometric sequence (bn)
with b1 = 32 and b2 ⋅ b9 = 2.
TRYOUT 6 (page: 19)
 SUM OF THE TERMS OF A GEOMETRIC SEQUENCE

Let us consider the geometric sequence with first few terms 1, 2,

4, 8, 16. The sum of the first term of this sequence is obviously 1.
The sum of the first two terms is 3, the sum of the first three
terms is 7, and so on. To write this in a more formal way, let us use
Sn to denote the sum of the first n terms, i.e. Sn = b1 + b2 + ... + bn.
S1 = 1

S2 = 1 + 2 = 3

S3 = 1 + 2 + 4 = 7

S4 = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 = 15

S5 = 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 = 31.
The Sum of the first n terms

of a geometric sequence

𝟏− 𝒒𝒏
𝑺𝒏 = 𝒃𝟏 × where q ≠ 1
𝟏−𝒒
Proof:
Ex: For the sequence 2, 4, 8, ... find sum of the first 5 terms of this
sequence.
Ex: In a geom. seq. S6 = 1820 and q = 3. Find b1
Ex: In a geometric sequence first term is 3, find common
𝟏𝟗
difference if some of three term of this sequence is ?
𝟑
Ex: The second term and the fifth term of a geometric sequence are 24 and
192 respectively. Find the sum of the first ten terms of the sequence.
 INFINITE SUM OF A GEOMETRIC SEQUENCE:

The infinite sum of a geometric sequence (bn) with common

ratio |q| < 1 is denoted by S, and is given by the formula;

𝐛𝟏
𝐒=
𝟏−𝐪
INFINITE SUM OF A GEOMETRIC SEQUENCE:
INFINITE SUM OF A GEOMETRIC SEQUENCE:
Ex: Find 25 + 50 + 100 + ...
 Example:
Ex: Find 100 + 50 + 25 + ...
TRYOUT 7 (page: 22)
EXERCISE 3 (page: 23, 24 and 25)