Problem-Solving Tutoring Plan

I. Objective: At end of the lesson the tutees will be able to solve the clock and
mixture problem.
II. Content and Materials
Topic: Clock and Mixture Problem
Reference: Youtube , Google
Materials: Pen, Paper
III. Procedure
A. Pre-Test
Problem 1:
Direction : Find the GCD of the given number.
1.) (30 mins and 12 hours)
2.) (7 mins and 3 hours)
Problem 2
1.) John has 20 ounces of a 20% of salt solution. How much salt should he add
to make it a 25% solution?
B. Introduction
The clock problem refers to a type of mathematical problem that
involves determining the time or angle between the hour hand and the
minute hand of a clock at a given time. These problems typically require
understanding the movement of the clockhands and using concepts of time,
angles, and fractions to solve them.The clock problem can take various forms,
including:
1. Determining the time: Given the angle between the hour and minute
hands, or the relative positions of the hands, the problem asks you to find the
exact time on the clock.
2. Calculating the angle: Given a specific time on the clock, you are asked to
calculate the angle between the hour and minute hands.
3. Finding the next time: Given a specific time on the clock, the problem asks
you to find the next time when the hour and minute hands will coincide
(overlap each other) or have a specific angle between them.
These types of problems often involve understanding the relationships
between the hour and minute hands, such as the fact that the minute hand
moves 12 times faster than the hour hand or that the clock completes a full
revolution (360 degrees) in 12 hours. By applying mathematical reasoning and
knowledge of time, angles, and fractions, you can solve clock problems and
determine the required information about the clock's hands at different
times.
 Mixture problems involve combining two or more things and
determining some characteristic of either the ingredients or the resulting
mixture.
PRESENTATION OF THE PROBLEM NO. 1
What shall be the ratio of 10 minutes to 5 hours?
Solution:
1. Understand The Problem
✓ what is aked ? Ratio of minutes to hours.
2. Make a Plan
To find the equivalent ratio, we need to convert both the minutes and the
hours to the same unit of measurement, either minutes or hours. Then we can
compare the two quantities and express them as a ratio.
3. Carry out The Plan
Since the given ratio is in minutes to hours, we'll convert 5 hours to minutes. 5
hours x 60 minutes/hour = 300 minutes. Now, we can express the ratio of 10 minutes
to 300 minutes as a simplified form. To simplify the ratio, we can divide both terms
by their greatest common divisor (GCD).
GCD(10 , 300) = 10
10 minutes ÷ 10 = 1 minute
300 minutes ÷ 10 = 30 minutes
Therefore, the simplified ratio is 1:30.
4. Look Back:
Looking at the available options, we can see that 1:30 matches the equivalent
ratio we obtained through the solution process.
So, the correct answer is 1:30.

Sample Problem for Mixture:

How many liters of 10% alcohol solution should be added to 20 liters of a 30%
alcohol solution to make a 20% solution?
Solution:

1. Understand the problem:

 What is asked? How many liters should be added to make 20% solution?
2. Devise a plan:
Let x be the number of liters of 10% alcohol solution added.
✓ 10% = 0.10x Liters
✓30% = 0.30x Liters
✓final mixture = (20 + x) liters
Equation: 0.10x + 10 = 0.20(20+x)
3. Carry out the plan:
Eq. 0.10x + 10 = 0.20(20 + x)
0.10x + 10 = 4 + 0.20x (Combine like terms)
0.10x = 6
Divide both sides by 0.10:
x = 60
4. Look Back:
The equation is x = 60. This means that 60 liters of the 10% alcohol solution
should be added to 20 liters of the 30% alcohol solution to obtain a mixture that is
20% alcohol.
Therefore, 60 liters of the 10% alcohol solution should be added.
C. Presentation of the Problem No 2 Clock
Problem 1:
At 5 o’clock a clock ticks 5 times. The time gap between the first and last tick is 40
seconds. How long does the clock tick when it is 12 o’clock in the clock?
Solution:
1. Understand the problem:
What is aked? How long does the clock tick ?
2. Devise a plan:
✓360 degrees in 60 minutes (or 6 degrees per minute),
✓while the hour hand moves 360 degrees in 12 hours (or 0.5 degrees per
minute). We can then set up an equation to find the time when the hands are 8
minutes spaces apart.
3. Carry out your plan:
 Let's assume the starting time is exactly 5 o'clock. We need to find the time, t, in
minutes when the hour hand and minute hand are 8 minute spaces apart. Distance
covered by the hour hand = 0.5t degree.
Distance covered by the minute hand = 6t degree.Now, we want the absolute
difference between the distances covered by the two hands to be 8 degrees, so we
can set up the equation: |0.5t - 6t| = 8 Since both sides of the equation are
positive, we can remove the absolute value signs, giving us: 0.5t - 6t = 8
Simplifying, we get:
-5.5t = 8
t = -8 / -5.5
t ≈ 1.455
4. Look back :
✓The time t is approximately 1.455 minutes. However, since time cannot be
expressed in fractional minutes, we need to convert this value into hours and
minutes. Multiplying 1.455 by 60, we get approximately 87.3 seconds. Rounding to
the nearest minute, we can conclude that the hands are 8 minutes spaces apart at
approximately 5:01.
✓Therefore, between 5:00 and 6:00, the hour and minute hands are 8 minutes
spaces apart at around 5:01.
Problem 2:
Brixx has 20 ounces of a 20% of salt solution. How much water should he
evaporate to make it a 30% solution?
Solution:
1. Understand the problem:
What is asked? How much water should he evaporate to make 30% solution.
2. Devise a plan:
✓ Determine how much water should be evaporated to achieve the desired
concentration.
✓We can use the fact that the amount of salt in the solution remains constant
during the evaporation process.
3. Carry out the plan:
Let's calculate the amount of salt in the initial solution. Since the solution is 20%
salt, we have:
Salt in the initial solution = 20% * 20 ounces = 4 ounces.
 Now, let's assume x ounces of water is evaporated. The final amount of water in the
solution will be (20 - x) ounces. The amount of salt remains the same at 4 ounces.
So, the concentration of the final solution can be expressed as:
4 ounces / (20 - x) ounces = 30% (or 0.30)
Simplifying the equation:
4 / (20 - x) = 0.30
Cross multiplying:
4 = 0.30 * (20 - x)
4 = 6 - 0.30x
Rearranging the equation:
0.30x = 6 - 4
0.30x = 2
Dividing by 0.30:
x = 2 / 0.30
x ≈ 6.67 ounces
4. Look back:
The solution tells us that Brixx needs to evaporate approximately 6.67 ounces of
water to achieve a 30% salt concentration.
Therefore, Brixx should evaporate approximately 6.67 ounces of water to make the
solution a 30% salt solution.

D. Solving the Problem

 What is the angle between the hour hand and the minute hand when
the time is 7:30?
 A tank has a capacity of 10 gallons. When it is full, it contains 15%
alcohol. How many gallons must be replaced by an 80% alcohol
solution to give 10 gallons of ?
E. Guided Practice
Problem 1:
When the hands of a clock show 4 o’clock, the angle between them is?
Problem 2:
 The mad scientist has one solution that is 30% acid and another
solution that is 18% acid. How much of each should he use to get 300 L of a
solution that is 21% acid?

F. Independent Practice
Problem 1:
An accurate clock shows 8 o'clock in the morning. Through how may
degrees will the hour hand rotate when the clock shows 2 o'clock in the
afternoon?
Problem 2:
How many liters of a 30% NaCl solution should be mixed with 1 L of a
solution that contains no NaCl to obtain a 24% NaCl solution?

IV. Assessment/Post-test Problem

Instructions:Identify the problem if Clock or Mixture Problem and give what is ask.
Show your solution.
Problems:
1. How many times in a day are, the hands of a clock in straight line but opposite in
direction?
2. A Farmer has two types of milk, that is 24% butterfat and another which is 18%?

V. Supplementary Problems
Problems:
1. A clock is started at noon. By 10 minutes past 5, the hour hand has turned
through?
2. A sample of 200 ml of 15% HCl is combined with 200 ml of an unmarked
concentration of HCl. What is the concentration if the resulting solution has a 14%
concentration?
3. In one and half hours, the minute hand of a clock rotates through an angle of?
4 .80 pounds of a dry powder drug with 30% concentration needs to be mixed with
how many pounds of the dry powder drug with a 10% concentration to get a 20% dry
powder drug?
5. What is the ratio of 15 minutes to 1 hour?
Solution:
Problem 1:
Step 1: Understand the problem
What is asked? Hour hand has through ?
Step 2: Devise a plan
✓To determine how much the hour hand has turned, we need to calculate the angle
covered by the hour hand between noon and 10 minutes past 5.
✓We can then use basic trigonometry to find the angle.
Step 3: Carry out the plan
The hour hand completes one full rotation (360 degrees) in 12 hours. Since we are
interested in the angle covered in hours and minutes, we need to convert the time
into a fractional representation of hours. Between noon and 5 pm, there are a total
of 5 hours.Since 10 minutes past 5 is 5:10 pm, we can convert this to hours by
dividing the additional 10 minutes by 60 (since there are 60 minutes in an
hour).10/60 = 1/6. Therefore, the total time elapsed is 5 + 1/6 hours. To find the
angle covered by the hour hand, we can use the following formula: Angle = (Total
time elapsed / Total hours in a full rotation) x 360 degrees
Substituting the values, we get:
Angle = [(5 + 1/6) / 12] x 360 degrees
Simplifying, we have:
Angle = (31/6) x 360 degrees
Step 4: Look back
Now let's calculate the value of the angle.
Angle = (31/6) x 360 degrees
= 1860/6 degrees
= 310 degrees
Therefore, the hour hand has turned through an angle of 310 degrees by 10 minutes
past 5.
Problem 2:
Step 1: Understand the problem
What is asked ? Determined the concentration of unknown solution.
Step 2: Devise a plan:
Equation: (C1 x V1) + (C2 x V2) = C3 x (V1 + V2)
✓ Where C1 is the concentration of the first solution, V1 is its volume, C2 is the
concentration of the second solution, V2 is its volume, and C3 is the concentration of
the resulting solution.
Step 3: Carry out the plan
Substituting the given values, we have:
(0.15 x 200) + (C2 x 200) = 0.14 x (200 + 200)
Simplifying the equation, we get:
30 + 200C2 = 56
Subtracting 30 from both sides, we have:
200C2 = 26
Dividing both sides by 200, we get:
C2 = 0.13
Therefore, the concentration of the unknown solution is 0.13 or 13%.
Step 4: Look back
By solving the equation, we found that the concentration of the unknown solution is
0.13 or 13%.
Problem 3:
Step 1: Understand the problem
What is asked ? To find out how much it rotates in one and a half hours.
Step 2: Devise a plan
✓ To calculate the angle through which the minute hand rotates in one and a half
hours, we can use the following
✓formula: Angle = (Total time elapsed / Total time for one full rotation) x 360
degrees
Step 3: Carry out the plan
The total time elapsed is one and a half hours, which can be expressed as 1.5
hours. The total time for one full rotation of the minute hand is 1 hour.
Using the formula, we can calculate the angle as follows:
Angle = (1.5 / 1) x 360 degrees
Angle = 1.5 x 360 degrees
Angle = 540 degrees
Step 4: Look back
The angle through which the minute hand of the clock rotates in one and a half hours
is 540 degrees.
Problem 4:
Step 1: Understand the problem
We are given that 80 pounds of a dry powder drug with a 30% concentration
needs to be mixed with an unknown quantity of a dry powder drug with a 10%
concentration. The resulting mixture should have a 20% concentration of the dry
powder drug. We need to determine how many pounds of the 10% concentration
drug should be mixed.
Step 2: Devise a plan
To find the quantity of the 10% concentration drug needed, we can use the equation:
(C1 x W1) + (C2 x W2) = C3 x (W1 + W2)
Where C1 is the concentration of the first drug, W1 is its weight, C2 is the
concentration of the second drug, W2 is its weight, and C3 is the desired
concentration.
Step 3: Carry out the plan
Substituting the given values, we have:
(0.30 x 80) + (0.10 x W2) = 0.20 x (80 + W2)
Simplifying the equation, we get:
24 + 0.10W2 = 16 + 0.20W2
Combining like terms, we have:
0.10W2 - 0.20W2 = 16 - 24
-0.10W2 = -8
Dividing both sides by -0.10, we get:
W2 = 80. Therefore, we need to mix 80 pounds of the dry powder drug with a 10%
concentration with 80 pounds of the dry powder drug with a 30% concentration to
obtain a mixture with a 20% concentration.
Step 4: Look back
By solving the equation, we found that 80 pounds of the dry powder drug with
a 10% concentration should be mixed with 80 pounds of the dry powder drug with a
30% concentration to obtain a dry powder drug mixture with a 20% concentration.
Problem 5:
Step 1: Understand the problem
What is asked? L We are given that we need to determine the ratio of 15 minutes
to 1 hour.
Step 2: Devise a plan
✓ To find the ratio of 15 minutes to 1 hour,
✓ we can compare the time durations and express it as a simplified ratio.
Step 3: Carry out the plan
Since 1 hour is equal to 60 minutes and we are comparing it to 15 minutes, we
can express the ratio as:15 minutes : 60 minutes
To simplify the ratio, we divide both the numerator and denominator by their
greatest common divisor, which in this case is 15:15 minutes : 60 minutes = 1
minute : 4 minutes. Therefore, the ratio of 15 minutes to 1 hour is 1:4.
Step 4: Look back
By simplifying the ratio, we found that the ratio of 15 minutes to 1 hour is 1:4.

Appendix A
Session 1: Clock and Mixture Problem
Date:Octuber 9, 2023 Duration:
Members:

Name Role
Avila, Edjemar Tutees
Condesa, Joe Ben Leo Tutor
Miralles, Mikeful Tutees
Royo, Aivan Kris Tutees, Observer
 Appendix B

Pre Test:
Problem No.1 Find the GCD?
1.) (30 mins and 12 hours)
Step 1: What is asked ? To find the greatest common divisor (GCD) between 30
minutes and 12 hours?
Step 2: device a plan:
✓we need to convert them to a common unit of time. Let's convert 12 hours to
minutes.
Step 3: Carry out the plan:
12 hours = 12 * 60 minutes = 720 minutes
30 minutes and 720 minutes.
The GCD of these two values is 30 minutes.
Step 4: look back:
Therefore, the GCD between 30 minutes and 12 hours is 30 minutes.
2.) (7 mins and 3 hours)
Step 1.) What is asked? find the greatest common divisor (GCD) between 7 minutes
and 3 hours?
Step 2: We need to convert them to a common unit of time. Let's convert 3 hours to
minutes.
Step 3: Carry out the plan:
3 hours = 3 * 60 minutes = 180 minutes
7 minutes and 180 minutes. The GCD of these two values is 1 minute.
Step 4: Look back:
Therefore, the GCD between 7 minutes and 3 hours is 1 minute.
Problem No.2
John has 20 ounces of a 20% of salt solution. How much salt should he add to make it
a 25% solution?

Step 1: Undersatand the problem: What is asked?

Step 2: To solve this problem, we can use the concept of mixture problems. Let's
break down the given information and solve step by step:
John has 20 ounces of a 20% salt solution. This means that in the 20 ounces, 20% of
it is salt. To find out how much salt is present in the 20-ounce solution, we can
calculate 20% of 20 ounces: 20% of 20 = (20/100) * 20 = 4 ounces. So, John currently
has 4 ounces of salt in the 20-ounce solution. Now, let's assume John wants to add x
ounces of salt to make it a 25% salt solution. The total amount of salt after adding x
ounces will be 4 + x ounces. The total amount of solution after adding x ounces will
be 20 + x ounces.
Step 3: Carry out the plan:
Since we want the final solution to be a 25% salt solution, we can set up the
following equation:
(4 + x) / (20 + x) = 25/100
To solve this equation, we can cross-multiply:
(4 + x) * 100 = 25 * (20 + x)
400 + 100x = 500 + 25x
100x - 25x = 500 - 400
75x = 100
x = 100 / 75
x = 4/3
Step 4: Look back:
Therefore, John should add approximately 1.33 ounces (or 4/3 ounces) of salt to the
20-ounce solution to make it a 25% salt solution.
PRESENTATION OF THE PROBLEM NO. 1
What shall be the ratio of 10 minutes to 5 hours?
Solution:
1. Understand The Problem
✓ what is aked ? Ratio of minutes to hours.
2. Make a Plan
To find the equivalent ratio, we need to convert both the minutes and the
hours to the same unit of measurement, either minutes or hours. Then we can
compare the two quantities and express them as a ratio.
3. Carry out The Plan
Since the given ratio is in minutes to hours, we'll convert 5 hours to minutes. 5
hours x 60 minutes/hour = 300 minutes. Now, we can express the ratio of 10 minutes
to 300 minutes as a simplified form. To simplify the ratio, we can divide both terms
by their greatest common divisor (GCD).
GCD(10 , 300) = 10
10 minutes ÷ 10 = 1 minute
300 minutes ÷ 10 = 30 minutes
Therefore, the simplified ratio is 1:30.
4. Look Back:
Looking at the available options, we can see that 1:30 matches the equivalent
ratio we obtained through the solution process.
So, the correct answer is 1:30.

Sample Problem for Mixture:

How many liters of 10% alcohol solution should be added to 20 liters of a 30%
alcohol solution to make a 20% solution?
Solution:

1. Understand the problem:

What is asked? How many liters should be added to make 20% solution?
2. Devise a plan:
Let x be the number of liters of 10% alcohol solution added.
✓ 10% = 0.10x Liters
✓30% = 0.30x Liters
✓final mixture = (20 + x) liters
Equation: 0.10x + 10 = 0.20(20+x)
3. Carry out the plan:
Eq. 0.10x + 10 = 0.20(20 + x)
0.10x + 10 = 4 + 0.20x (Combine like terms)
0.10x = 6
Divide both sides by 0.10:
x = 60
4. Look Back:
The equation is x = 60. This means that 60 liters of the 10% alcohol solution
should be added to 20 liters of the 30% alcohol solution to obtain a mixture that is
20% alcohol.
Therefore, 60 liters of the 10% alcohol solution should be added.
C. Presentation of the Problem No 2 Clock
Problem 1:
At 5 o’clock a clock ticks 5 times. The time gap between the first and last tick is 40
seconds. How long does the clock tick when it is 12 o’clock in the clock?
Solution:
 1. Understand the problem:
What is aked? How long does the clock tick ?
2. Devise a plan:
✓360 degrees in 60 minutes (or 6 degrees per minute),
✓while the hour hand moves 360 degrees in 12 hours (or 0.5 degrees per
minute). We can then set up an equation to find the time when the hands are 8
minutes spaces apart.
3. Carry out your plan:
Let's assume the starting time is exactly 5 o'clock. We need to find the time, t, in
minutes when the hour hand and minute hand are 8 minute spaces apart. Distance
covered by the hour hand = 0.5t degree.
Distance covered by the minute hand = 6t degree.Now, we want the absolute
difference between the distances covered by the two hands to be 8 degrees, so we
can set up the equation: |0.5t - 6t| = 8 Since both sides of the equation are
positive, we can remove the absolute value signs, giving us: 0.5t - 6t = 8
Simplifying, we get:
-5.5t = 8
t = -8 / -5.5
t ≈ 1.455
4. Look back :
✓The time t is approximately 1.455 minutes. However, since time cannot be
expressed in fractional minutes, we need to convert this value into hours and
minutes. Multiplying 1.455 by 60, we get approximately 87.3 seconds. Rounding to
the nearest minute, we can conclude that the hands are 8 minutes spaces apart at
approximately 5:01.
✓Therefore, between 5:00 and 6:00, the hour and minute hands are 8 minutes
spaces apart at around 5:01.
Problem 2:
Brixx has 20 ounces of a 20% of salt solution. How much water should he
evaporate to make it a 30% solution?
Solution:
1. Understand the problem:
What is asked? How much water should he evaporate to make 30% solution.
2. Devise a plan:
 ✓ Determine how much water should be evaporated to achieve the desired
concentration.
✓We can use the fact that the amount of salt in the solution remains constant
during the evaporation process.
3. Carry out the plan:
Let's calculate the amount of salt in the initial solution. Since the solution is 20%
salt, we have:
Salt in the initial solution = 20% * 20 ounces = 4 ounces.
Now, let's assume x ounces of water is evaporated. The final amount of water in the
solution will be (20 - x) ounces. The amount of salt remains the same at 4 ounces.
So, the concentration of the final solution can be expressed as:
4 ounces / (20 - x) ounces = 30% (or 0.30)
Simplifying the equation:
4 / (20 - x) = 0.30
Cross multiplying:
4 = 0.30 * (20 - x)
4 = 6 - 0.30x
Rearranging the equation:
0.30x = 6 - 4
0.30x = 2
Dividing by 0.30:
x = 2 / 0.30
x ≈ 6.67 ounces
4. Look back:
The solution tells us that Brixx needs to evaporate approximately 6.67 ounces of
water to achieve a 30% salt concentration.
Therefore, Brixx should evaporate approximately 6.67 ounces of water to make the
solution a 30% salt solution.

D. Solving the Problem

1.) What is the angle between the hour hand and the minute hand when the time is
7:30?
Step 1: Understand the problem:
what is asked ?angle between hours and min.
Step 2: Device a plan:
To find the angle between the hour hand and the minute hand when the time is 7:30,
we need to determine the positions of the hour hand and the minute hand on the
clock. In a standard clock, the hour hand completes a full revolution (360 degrees) in
12 hours and the minute hand completes a full revolution in 60 minutes. At 7:30, the
hour hand would be pointing at the number 7, and the minute hand would be
pointing directly at the number 6.
Step 3: Carry out plan:
The hour hand moves 30 degrees per hour (360 degrees divided by 12 hours), and
since it is half past 7, it has moved 7 * 30 + (30/60) * 30 = 210 + 15 = 225 degrees.
The minute hand moves 6 degrees per minute, and at 30 minutes, it has moved 30 *
6 = 180 degrees. To find the angle between the hour hand and the minute hand, we
subtract the angle of the minute hand from the angle of the hour hand: 225 degrees
- 180 degrees = 45 degrees
Step 4: Look Back:
Therefore, the angle between the hour hand and the minute hand when the time is
7:30 is 45 degrees.
2.) A tank has a capacity of 10 gallons. When it is full, it contains 15% alcohol. How
many gallons must be replaced by an 80% alcohol solution to give 10 gallons of ?
Step 1: Understand the problem:
What is asked? How many gallons replaced by 80% alcohol solution to 10 gallons.
Step 2: Device a plan: Let's break down the problem step by step:
The tank has a capacity of 10 gallons.
When the tank is full, it contains 15% alcohol.
We want to replace a certain amount of the original solution with an 80% alcohol
solution to achieve a final solution with 10 gallons.
Let's assume x gallons of the original solution need to be replaced.
In the original solution, 15% of the 10 gallons is alcohol, which is equal to 0.15 * 10 =
1.5 gallons of alcohol. After replacing x gallons of the original solution, the amount of
alcohol in the tank remains the same, which is 1.5 gallons. Now, let's calculate the
amount of alcohol in the x gallons of the 80% alcohol solution that will be added.
Step 3: Carry out the plan:
Since the 80% alcohol solution contains 80% alcohol, the amount of alcohol in x
gallons of the 80% solution is 0.8 * x = 0.8x gallons. The total amount of alcohol in
the final solution should be 1.5 gallons, so we can set up the following equation:
1.5 = 0.8x
To solve for x, we divide both sides of the equation by 0.8:
x = 1.5 / 0.8 = 1.875 gallons
Step 4: Look back :
Therefore, approximately 1.875 gallons (or 1 and 7/8 gallons) of the original solution
need to be replaced by the 80% alcohol solution to obtain a final solution with a
capacity of 10 gallons.

F. Independent Practice
Problem 1:
An accurate clock shows 8 o'clock in the morning. Through how may degrees
will the hour hand rotate when the clock shows 2 o'clock in the afternoon?
Step 1: Understand the proble
What is asked? To determine the number of degrees the hour hand will rotate from 8
o'clock in the morning to 2 o'clock in the afternoon?
Step 2: Device a plan
We need to calculate the elapsed time in hours and then convert it to degrees. From
8 o'clock in the morning to 2 o'clock in the afternoon, the elapsed time is 6 hours. In
a 12-hour clock, the hour hand completes a full revolution (360 degrees) in 12 hours.
Therefore, within 6 hours, the hour hand will cover half of the full revolution.
Step 3: Carry out the plan:
To calculate the number of degrees the hour hand will rotate, we can use the
proportion: 6 hours is to 180 degrees as 12 hours is to x degrees Cross-multiplying:
6 * x = 12 * 180
6x = 2160
Dividing both sides by 6:
x = 2160 / 6
x = 360 degrees
Step 4: Carry out the Plan
Therefore, the hour hand will rotate 360 degrees from 8 o'clock in the morning to 2
o'clock in the afternoon.
Problem No.2
How many liters of a 30% NaCl solution should be mixed with 1 L of a solution that
contains no NaCl to obtain a 24% NaCl solution?
Stpe 1: Understand the problem
What is asked? solve this problem, we can use the concept of mixture.
Step 2: Device a plan
Let's break down the given information and solve step by step:
We need to mix a 30% NaCl solution with a solution that contains no NaCl to obtain
a 24% NaCl solution.
We want to determine the amount of the 30% NaCl solution that needs to be mixed.
Let's assume we need to mix x liters of the 30% NaCl solution.
In the 30% NaCl solution, 30% of the solution is NaCl. This means that in x liters of
the solution, 0.3x liters would be NaCl.
In the final mixture, we want the NaCl concentration to be 24%. This means that in
the final mixture of x + 1 liters (x liters of the 30% NaCl solution and 1 liter of the
NaCl-free solution), 0.24(x + 1) liters should be NaCl.

Step 3: Carry out the plan

LTo find the equation that relates the amount of NaCl in the 30% NaCl solution to the
amount of NaCl in the final mixture, we can set up the following equation:
0.3x = 0.24(x + 1)
Simplifying the equation:
0.3x = 0.24x + 0.24
0.3x - 0.24x = 0.24
0.06x = 0.24
Dividing both sides by 0.06:
x = 0.24 / 0.06
x=4
Step 4: Look back
Therefore, 4 liters of the 30% NaCl solution should be mixed with 1 liter of the NaCl-
free solution to obtain a 24% NaCl solution.
V. Supplementary Problems:
Problem 1. A clock is started at noon. By 10 minutes past 5, the hour hand has turned
through?
Step 1: Understand the problem
What is asked? Hour hand has through ?
Step 2: Devise a plan
✓To determine how much the hour hand has turned, we need to calculate the angle
covered by the hour hand between noon and 10 minutes past 5.
✓We can then use basic trigonometry to find the angle.
Step 3: Carry out the plan
The hour hand completes one full rotation (360 degrees) in 12 hours. Since we are
interested in the angle covered in hours and minutes, we need to convert the time
into a fractional representation of hours. Between noon and 5 pm, there are a total
of 5 hours.Since 10 minutes past 5 is 5:10 pm, we can convert this to hours by
dividing the additional 10 minutes by 60 (since there are 60 minutes in an
hour).10/60 = 1/6. Therefore, the total time elapsed is 5 + 1/6 hours. To find the
angle covered by the hour hand, we can use the following formula: Angle = (Total
time elapsed / Total hours in a full rotation) x 360 degrees
Substituting the values, we get:
Angle = [(5 + 1/6) / 12] x 360 degrees
Simplifying, we have:
Angle = (31/6) x 360 degrees
Step 4: Look back
Now let's calculate the value of the angle.
Angle = (31/6) x 360 degrees
= 1860/6 degrees
= 310 degrees
Therefore, the hour hand has turned through an angle of 310 degrees by 10 minutes
past 5.
Problem No.2
A sample of 200 ml of 15% HCl is combined with 200 ml of an unmarked
concentration of HCl. What is the concentration if the resulting solution has a 14%
concentration?
Step 1: Understand the problem
What is asked ? Determined the concentration of unknown solution.
Step 2: Devise a plan:
Equation: (C1 x V1) + (C2 x V2) = C3 x (V1 + V2)
✓ Where C1 is the concentration of the first solution, V1 is its volume, C2 is the
concentration of the second solution, V2 is its volume, and C3 is the concentration of
the resulting solution.
Step 3: Carry out the plan
Substituting the given values, we have:
(0.15 x 200) + (C2 x 200) = 0.14 x (200 + 200)
Simplifying the equation, we get:
30 + 200C2 = 56
Subtracting 30 from both sides, we have:
200C2 = 26
Dividing both sides by 200, we get:
C2 = 0.13
Therefore, the concentration of the unknown solution is 0.13 or 13%.
Step 4: Look back
By solving the equation, we found that the concentration of the unknown solution is
0.13 or 13%.
Problem No 3.
Step 1: Understand the problem
What is asked ? To find out how much it rotates in one and a half hours.
Step 2: Devise a plan
✓ To calculate the angle through which the minute hand rotates in one and a half
hours, we can use the following
✓formula: Angle = (Total time elapsed / Total time for one full rotation) x 360
degrees
Step 3: Carry out the plan
 The total time elapsed is one and a half hours, which can be expressed as 1.5
hours. The total time for one full rotation of the minute hand is 1 hour.
Using the formula, we can calculate the angle as follows:
Angle = (1.5 / 1) x 360 degrees
Angle = 1.5 x 360 degrees
Angle = 540 degrees
Step 4: Look back
The angle through which the minute hand of the clock rotates in one and a half hours
is 540 degrees.
Problem No 4.
Step 1: Understand the problem
We are given that 80 pounds of a dry powder drug with a 30% concentration
needs to be mixed with an unknown quantity of a dry powder drug with a 10%
concentration. The resulting mixture should have a 20% concentration of the dry
powder drug. We need to determine how many pounds of the 10% concentration
drug should be mixed.
Step 2: Devise a plan
To find the quantity of the 10% concentration drug needed, we can use the equation:
(C1 x W1) + (C2 x W2) = C3 x (W1 + W2)
Where C1 is the concentration of the first drug, W1 is its weight, C2 is the
concentration of the second drug, W2 is its weight, and C3 is the desired
concentration.
Step 3: Carry out the plan
Substituting the given values, we have:
(0.30 x 80) + (0.10 x W2) = 0.20 x (80 + W2)
Simplifying the equation, we get:
24 + 0.10W2 = 16 + 0.20W2
Combining like terms, we have:
0.10W2 - 0.20W2 = 16 - 24
-0.10W2 = -8
Dividing both sides by -0.10, we get:
W2 = 80. Therefore, we need to mix 80 pounds of the dry powder drug with a 10%
concentration with 80 pounds of the dry powder drug with a 30% concentration to
obtain a mixture with a 20% concentration.
Step 4: Look back
By solving the equation, we found that 80 pounds of the dry powder drug with
a 10% concentration should be mixed with 80 pounds of the dry powder drug with a
30% concentration to obtain a dry powder drug mixture with a 20% concentration.
Problem No 5.
Step 1: Understand the problem
What is asked? L We are given that we need to determine the ratio of 15 minutes
to 1 hour.
Step 2: Devise a plan
✓ To find the ratio of 15 minutes to 1 hour,
✓ we can compare the time durations and express it as a simplified ratio.
Step 3: Carry out the plan
Since 1 hour is equal to 60 minutes and we are comparing it to 15 minutes, we
can express the ratio as:15 minutes : 60 minutes
To simplify the ratio, we divide both the numerator and denominator by their
greatest common divisor, which in this case is 15:15 minutes : 60 minutes = 1
minute : 4 minutes. Therefore, the ratio of 15 minutes to 1 hour is 1:4.
Step 4: Look back
By simplifying the ratio, we found that the ratio of 15 minutes to 1 hour is 1:4.