RT =(1+ k )R F + R APP + R A + RW + R B + RTR + R AA

vS
Fr=
√ g LWL
v S LWL
ℜ=
v

LR =LWL
( 1−C P+ 0.06 C P lCB
4 C P−1 )
0.075
Cf = 2
( log10 ⁡ℜ−2 )
V
C B=
LWL BT

C 13=1+ 0.003 Csterm

1 2
R APP= ρ v S ( 1+k 2 )eq C F
2
C 12=¿ ¿ 0.479948 if T / L< 0.02

BT / {BT ( 0.31 √ A BT +T F −h B ) }
c 3=0.56 A 1.5

c 2=exp ( −1.89 √ c3

c 7=0.229577 ¿

¿ 0.5−0.0625 L/ B if B /L> 0.25

1+k 1 =c 13 { 0.93+c 12 ( B/ LR )0.92497 ( 0.95−C P )−0.521448 ( 1−C P +0.0225 lcb )0.6906 }

c 5=1−0.48 A T / ( BT C M )

S= L(2T + B) √ C M ( 0.453+0.4425 C B −0.2862 C M −0.003467 B /T +0.3696 C ℘ ) +2.38 A BT /C B

3.78613
c 1=2223105 c 7 ¿
2 3
c 16=8.07981 C P−13.8673C P + 6.984388C P
1
m1=0.0140407 L/T −1.75254 ∇ 3 / L−4.79323 B /L−c 16
m2=c 15 C 2P exp ⁡(−0.1 F−2
n )

3
c 15=−1.69385 for L /∇< 512
λ=1.446 C P−0.03 L /B if L/ B<12
λ=1.446 C P−0.36 if L/ B>12

RW =c 1 c 2 c 5 ∇ ρg exp ⁡{ m1 Fn +m2 cos ⁡( λ F n )}

d −2

R B=0.11exp ⁡(−3 P−2 (

B ) F ¿ A BT ρg/ 1+ F ¿
3 1.5 2
)
PB =0.56 √ A BT / ( T F −1.5 hB )

√
F ¿=V / g ( T F −h B−0.25 √ A BT ) +0.15 V
2

2
RTR =0.5 ρ V A T c 6
2
R A =1/2 ρV S C A
C A=0.006 ¿

c 4 =0.04 when T F /L> 0.04

c 4 =T F /L when T F /L ≤ 0.04