Lectured

Last lecture we defined flux . . .

⇐⇒¥⇐
⇒

?
a) Is there a way
CE9A
to find the not

¥
I 2 3 charge in a box ?

^
7
r

3
I < >

<

Irma
v .

$
V
L
]

> e
2
-

'
r

There must be
n

an

equation if only we
thought hard enough
^

r . .

V
L ✓
 ?
ipsa

µ
I 2 3

Is there to find the total not

way
a

charge in the box ? → Gauss's Law

How it works
1) Define a closed ( Gaussian Surface ) in
space

a) Is the total flux through the surface .

a) outwards (positive divergence)

b) Inwards (negative divergence)

c) Zero

3) Congratulations ! You have found .

a) a neat positive charge

b) net negative charge
a

c) nothing ! maybe lots of charges cancelling

or
,

or
perhaps you put the charge outside the box
doh !
 .

④
Collection of
%q
!
-

n
A ooh .

E- field
.

charges
is I to surface

pII¥Y →
a) Line of
charge
ftw )
-

Exemptions E- field t

f-
field t

"

I E- field 4
-

The surface is not physical It can be size

any
.

or shape but must be closed

But choose the surface to bet orf to
4
E- field use symmetry
G
sLaw
I Integral form)

:*
÷
.

:*
.

III. f.
Eds

f÷
OIE-fE.de
=fEds= Efsds
as i.
closed
but E and
§ds=ktR
.

§ of ( 4TH
'

£ENciosED
.
. =

4T E. P E .

f. as
.
This
II.
%¥
Ignition
%¥¥¥
Although this is a specific
case ,
this is a
general law .
 ⇒

?
EC2H
→
=
-

=
L

Exanpleoffausisfhfinit.cl/naofcharga)-..
§ Ed ?
§ GEET

II
"

2¥ I ¥7
⇒ E = ← much easier to find
Gauss's low !
, , using
=
.
Q2 (b) Using Gauss's otherwise find the electric field dose
,
or

to a
large flat sheet of charge with a constant
charge 0
par
unit area
.
Use answer to show that the electric
your
field between 2
plates of
parallel charge
densities to and -0 is E =
%
what the E- field outside the
.

is two plates ?

+
field It

Iehangth
side
it -

20KPaperl9mart I of cylinder is

¥
ddt )
¥dE=9E
Gauss's Law a
.

¥ *
=9E 'It
=

. END
- 2A since cylinder is
= 0 closed and has 2 ends

⇒
⇒ E¥=¥
÷ .

E¥ .
As vector
EEF
E-
II.
←
see lecture 3
 TE2

-
1€, ⑥
Ex
is

-0

EEHE
PEPE ⑨
,

to

Ignore edge affects

1) Between the plates

Ea=EI
.

EEEEI
Plate I Plata 2
contributes 2% contributes

E.FI?=EiatEaa so the .
-

total is :

2) Outside
Eot=EBtEzrs=0
-
-

To get thinking
you .

Can explain Earnshaw's Theorem using

you
Gauss's Law ? No maths !
Just pictures t concepts !
-