ELECTROSTATIC

TYPES OF CAPACITANCE'S
CAPACITOR KIRCHOFF'S LAW OF CAPACITOR'S
+q
PRESSURE
• Capacitance of spherical conductor: FIRST LAW: This law is basically law of conservation
C = 4πε0 r F QE σ A  σ  of charge which states that the sum of incoming==
• Capacitance of Earth: C = 4πε0 r ; r = 6.4 × 10 F
6 O r (P ) = = =
A  2ε 
charges at a junction is Equal to the sum of
A A
-12 6 -6 outgoing charges
∴ C = 4 π × 8.854 × 10 × 6.4 × 10 = 7.11× 10 F 1σ2
• Capacitance of parallel plate Capacitor:
=
2 ε0
q− = q1 + q 2 = q 3 + q 4
ε0 A q –q
(C0 ) = F + – FORCE BETWEEN THE SECOND LAW: In a closed loop, the summation of all
d + – the potential differences must be zero.
Where— PLATES OF CAPACITOR
ε 0 = Free space permitivity
+ –
q1 q 3
1 V− =0
q3
−
C1
+ – Qσ Q 2
= ε 0 AE
2 G - M H
F = ⇒F
+

A = Plate Area + – C1 C 3 + -
C5
2ε 0 2 Aε 0 2 q5
+
q1 C3
B E
+ – C2 -

d = Sepration between plates + -

+ – F = Force; Q = charge I + -
D
J
q2 q4
+ – E = electric field between plates
C4
d
F
σ = surface charge density A
V

OTHER TYPES OF CAPACITOR'S

A capacitor is a device which can store more electric COMBINATION OF CAPACITOR'S
• Sphrical Capacitor outer surface Earthed: charge or potential energy compared to an isolated
conductor • Serief Equivalent of Capacitor's
– C1 C2
Q 4πε 0 – – DIELECTRIC
C= = –

In series— Q = C1V1 = C 2V 2
– +
• Capacitance: Capacitance of a conductor
V  1 1
+
R1
+
–
Dieletric is a material which
−
–
 
+ + measure of its ability to store charge. V1 V2
 R 1 R2 
 V0 = V1 + V2
q q behaves as non conductor
+ + –
–

V∞ q ⇒ V = ⇒ C=
+ + –
+
upto certain value of
1 1 1
R2

c V
–

∴ = +
– –
• Cyllindrical Capacitor: External eletctric Field. If
2πε 0 L
a b Q
S.I. Unit Farad (F ) =
Coulomb the Field crosses the limiting Cequi C1 C2 V0
C= Volt value (Called dielectric • Parallel Equivalent of Capacitor's
b  I Q1+ –
ln  
Q
r

strogth) then it begins to In parallel—V = V1 = V2 Q0

a 
C1
Gaussian
conduct + –
Q2 C2
L, b and a - Parameters of Cyllinder ENERGY STRORED IN A CHARGED Dielectric constant (k or εr)
surface

CAPACITOR Em Q = Q1+ Q2
εr = K =
CHARGING AND DISCHARGING OF A 2 ε0 C Equiv = C 1 + C 2
CAPACITOR 1 Q 1 1 2 V0
U= = CV = QV
• CHARGING: 2C 2 2
(i) Charging of a capacitor without Resistance
WORK DONE BY BATTERY DURING POLAR DIELECTRIC NON-POLAR DIELECTRIC
Charging take no time when switch closed CAPACITOR WITH DIELEATRIC
q 0 = CV CHARGING OF A CAPACITOR
• Centers of +ve and • Centers of +ve and
• Capacitance of capacitor having dielectric
Charging of a capacitor Discharging of a capacitor
Q 2 –ve charge do not –ve charge coincide
having series resistance: through series resistance:
⇒ W Battery = QC = CV = constant (k) and (t<d): q –qi qi –q
VR VC VC VR
C coincide due to due to symmetric + – + –
R asymmetric shape of shape of molecules. + – K + –
R C S C
Aε 0 t = thickness + – + –
S
ENERGY DENSITY OF CAPACITOR
molecules. C=
+ - • Each molecule has t + – + –
d −t + k = Dieletric + – + –
V0 = VC + VR =
Q
+ IR
VC + VR = 0 Energy stored in the capacitor per unit • Each molecule has prmament dipole k + – + –
C Q Q dQ volume. permanent dipole moment only in Constant –
− iR = + R =0 Separation d
+ t + –
Q dQ C C dt
= + R Energy density of moment In presence presence of External + – + –
C dt d
du
−t −t
Q = CV0 e RC = Q0 e τ of External electric electric Field
 −t
Q = Q0  1 − e τ 
 capacitor = Field • Capacitance of Capacitor having diebctric
  At time t = RC
dv constant (K) and (t = d):
q Q = 0.368Q0
- + - + - + + -
+

Q0 + + +
q +Q –Q
-

Aε0 kA ε 0
- - +
A, plate area - +
- +

+
0.632 Q0
Q0 + + C= = = kC 0
+

- +
- + d
- +

- + - +
1 CV 2 + – - - +
- -
-
-
d−d+ d K
-

+ - + -
- +

U  1 k
+

⇒  = 2
t 2
t = tc 0.368 Q0 = ε0 E
At time t = RC
−1 t = tc
t  V  A ×d 2 V (battery) d
Q = Q0 e = 0.632Q0

anand_mani16 DR. Anand Mani https://www.anandmani.com/ https://discord.io/anandmani t.me/anandmani001