L6 Prepositions

Let's Remember
below.
Choose the correct words to complete the sentencesgiven
has been absent
. Friday. He
Gaurav's fever has come down.
. .

a week now. (for/ since) .. the parents

mother,...
2. The child sat his father and
. . . .

of all his classmates. (between/among) the

the room. They flew...
3. There are mosquitoes.
. . .

room when the door was open. (into/in)

room when I was playing
4. My father was . . ..thedrawing
. my house. (outside/inside)
book and pencils
5. You may sit... .. me. I will give youa drawing
a storybook. (beside/besides)
walked.....
6. We went... . . . the marketin the morning and
the riverfront in the evening. (to/towards)
7. The child walked . . ... the pavement and ... the street

safely. (across/along)
8. This table top is made. ...
glass. My breakfastfel... ..it
in the morning. (off/of)
9. The pan is.. . .

the gas stove. There are vegetables . it. (on/in)

10. We will wait for you .. the bus stop. There are a lot of people
************* ... the hall. (at/in)

All the words required to complete the sentences given above are
prepositions.
A preposition is a word
It helps to show how the
typically placed before a noun or a pronoun.
something else in the sentence. thing
to person denoted by the noun is related
or

L
 s of Prepositions
Simple
ositions
Simplep r e p positions are one-word prepositions such
till, ,up, vith, before,
to,
til, to, as at, by, for, in, of, off. for, from, on, out,
thronglh,
amidst, touards, beyond,
beyond, between,
between, over, etc.
Ceamples: (a) She goes
Examples: (a)
through the newspaper
etc
(D) bought this spaper before leaving for work.
before leaving for
shawl for my mother from the Kashmiri stall at the fair.
Compoun Prepositions
There some words that
are:
are always used with fixed
specific meanings.
prepositions
ositions to convey

mples: (a) I was

unable to meet
you due to a
engagement. (on account of) previous
(b) Always maintain the
queue instead of
crowding at the counter. (in place of)
Suchwords and prepositions function as a single unit.
Thecombination of words in such a
group fixed. However, is
thesame
ame word can be used with
different prepositions to
Iok at the table tor a tew
convey different meanings.
types and of examples compound prepositions.
Verb+ preposition
apologize + for He will
apologize for his mistake.
apologize+to He will
apologize to you.
hope + for
We hope for good scores in the examination.
hope+to We hope to get
good scores in the examination.
decided +on/upon Have you decided on the
language you want to learn?
decided+ to Have you decided to learn a new
language?
Noun+ preposition
cause+of What is the cause of global
warming?
increase+ in An increase in
pollution can cause various health problems.
advertisement +for I saw an advertisement for volunteer work.
COurse+in She wants to do course in
a
Computer languages. (lessons)
COurse+0f The course of history cannot be
changed. (progression)
exhibition+ of I would like to see an exhibition of modern art.
 Adjective+ preposition

grateful+ for She is grateful for her neighbour's help.

grateful+ to She is grateful to her neighbour.

polite + to You should be polite to everyone.

pleased+to I am pleased to meet you.

pleased + with She is pleased with her new motorcycle.

Preposition + preposition
in case offire.
in + case +of Please use the stairway and not the elevator

to l writing to you with regard to your query

am
costs
about the
with + regard +
of the organization.
in + accordance + to She is acting in accordance with the policies
view of the recent thefts.
in + view +of Security has been tightened in
+ of
The match was cancelled on account of rain
on +account
Verma.
in+ place +of Ms James will be teaching us in place ofMr

Participial Prepositions
various verbs which, together
or past participles of
Participial prepositions present are

function as prepositions. A
few examples are barring
with a noun phrase or a clause,
notwithstanding, pending, regarding,
respecting, etc.
Concerning, considering, decision we can take.
all the facts, this is the best possible
Examples: (a) Considering
the stadium was packed with people.
b) Notwithstanding the rain, still waste too
(c) Given that there has been a scarcity, many people
much water.

B Choose the correct preposition andfill in the blanks.

1. Let us talk (for/tolabout) something else.
2. Ihave no interest (about/in/for) sports.
3. She has the reputation (forlon/of) being a great pianist.
4. She impressed (with/on/in) us the value of discipline.

5. Don't be negligent (aboutlin/of) your duties.

6. Most of our roads are not suitable (of/for/to) fast cars.
7. My uncle deals (with/in/to) spices and condiments.
rules.
8. Employees need to strictly adhere (to/about/on) company
9. My grandfather has recovered (of/for/from) his illness.
10. They completed the work (tolfor lin) a great hurry.

4
 ctions of prepositions
F u n c t i c

Complete
tplete thessentences
below by
around choosing
HOOSing the
the correct
correct
in at prepositions
prepost from the box.
after for before in
1. The doctor can meet during by n
us. Ad
I want to
2.
discuss the deal s Seven in the
3. We know that with evening
you were ...... you ...
. Isign the contract.
There was a lot of
4. his house at 9 tnat
We waited for disturbance.. p.m. bight.
six hours and the his speech.
The earthquake
in Latur took courier came .. ...
6.
3 p.m.
7. I cannot eat place.***
anything ......... the next . 1993.
8. They promise to finish the six hours.
9. The guests reached repair ..........
tomorrow atternoon.
10. The chief guest ..
time for a nice chat
arrived and the dinner.
Al the prepositions used in Exercise Care. time for the
inaugural ceremony.
Look at the table below for prepositions of time.
different types of
prepositions and their function.
Type
Prepositions of time Indicate
time Examples
Prepositions of place I will get this done 2
by a.m.
position
Prepositions of I was at home.
movement origin, destination, The cat
motion, direction jumped out of the box.
I went to the market.
Preposition of manner means and manner I am
traveling
by train.
I cleared the exam
Prepositions of purpose reason and purpose I use trains
with ease.
for traveling around
the country.
D Fill in the blanks with suitable
1. Hard work is the
prepositions.
key ...
succes.
2. It's so cold, the city is enveloped ...
. a thick fog.
3.
Tagree .. .
you on the assessment of
my work.
4 The facts point . .... a different explanation.
5. Your story is so wild; it is . ...

imagination.
6. Luscious berries grew . .... the lake.
.She is accomplished.. . playing football.
8. I am anxious my results.

95
 9. It is essential
to ... different vitamins
10. Iwas unable supplement your diet .
to elicit a favourable response..o her.

Prepositions and Adverbs (Adverbial Particle

There are words that function both as and adverbs.
However, prepo
positine
prepositions are not. InIn o
not.
other words,
are adverbs a r e
accompanied by p r o n o u n s whereas
prepositions require an object unlike adverbs.
Read the sentences in the table below.
Preposition

Adverb the classroom.

teacher i n
There is no
The bell rang and the students ran in.
(object-classroom)

(modifies the verb ran)

the chief guest
arrived befr,
At the function,
T'm sorry, I couldn't call before.
the organizers.
(modifies the verb cal) (object-organizers)

minutes the recess bell rang.

After a few
The chief guest arrived soon after.
(object-minutes)
(modifies the verb arrived)
The cat jumped of the windowsil
When I pulled the door handle, the knob
(object-windowsill)
came off.
modifies the verb came)

Children, please don't run about. Those stray dogs loiter about the street.
(modifies the verb run) (object-street)

E ldentify the adverbs and prepositions in the sentences belowv. Underline them and writ
PorA in the spaceprovided.

1. The lamp hung above the table.

2. I kept
calling but he simply walked away. *'*"

3. We sat by
candlelight and had dinner.
4. His mother was
waiting outside the classroom.
5. They
grabbed the thief and threw him outside.
6. Forget the
dispute, let us move on.
7. Keep the books on the shelf.
8. His
friend stood behind him.
9. The
passers-by handed the culprit over to the
10. His decision
prevails over all his business police.
96
establishments.
Let's Revise

Choose
Choose the
the correct
preposition to complete sentences.
ete the sentences.
1. My uncle knows
.
interesting facts (ozverlabout) the world's ocean
She takes great interest
a He is well known (at/in) discussing
(by/for) political issues.
4, The teacher stressed
being a skilled craftsman.
(on/about) the importance of
Tomatoes are rich (in/for)
5.
5. Tom
antioxidants
planning-
Idiscussed
7. Dry weather
the
problem
that
(to/with) my mother.
are good for health.
ood
conditions are unsuitable (for/to)
cultivating paddy.
8There is such a contrast
9. We
congratulated
the
(tolbetween) them!
team
the cup. (forlon) their winning
10 Iwill always be indebted
(in/to) you for your
There is an error each in the
help.
the sentences. following sentences. Underline the error and rewrite
1. Will they arrive in this
2. She will go on morning?
tomorrow.
3. We met them on last
month.
4. They reached their destination on
5. You can come on
any time.
yesterday.
6. It was
raining
on all day.
7. Ill meet him on next
8. I think I will Sunday.
go to home now.
9. We will meet on the
10. They were
day after tomorrow.
working on the whole day.
H Choose the best word
from the options given in brackets to
paragraph. complete the following
The
greenhouse effect refers (1) (to/at/for/on) the raised temperature (2)
the Earth's surface as a result (for/oflon/in)
(3) (of/off/to/on) heat energy
by/downlfor) gases in the atmosphere. As the Sun's rays being trapped (4) (against/
pass (5)
down) the Earth's atmosphere, some heat is
absorbed but most of (against/above/through/
the short-wave solar
energy passes through. This energy is re-emitted the
long-wave radiation, which cannot pass easily by thethrough
Earth (6)
(since/like/as/to)
retained if there is a cloud atmosphere. More heat is
layer. In recent centuries, more heat
(7) (by/at/for/to) the increased levels of carbon dioxide has been retained due
from the
Tiny particles of CO, form an extra layer, which acts like the burning of fossil fuels.
a
greenhouse. Some scientists believe that the greenhouse effect glass (8) (on/in/aboveldown)
is
for) the global warming. adding (9) (to/by/at/