Simplified English grammar ** Grammar for the intermediate stage

Compiled by : Jamal .A. Hussein

Mohammadi Zakaria
H.O.D : Hamad AL-Zuwawi
Supervision : Khalid Bou Akazz
School principal: Ali Abdulmajeed Shabaan
A Friend in need is a friend indeed
 1-Pronouns chart‫جدول الضمائر‬

‫الضمير‬ ‫ضمير المفعول ضمير الفاعل‬ ‫ضمير الملكية صفة الملكية‬ ‫الضمير المنعكس‬

‫يأتى فى اول الجمله‬ ‫يأتى بعدها الشئ المملوك يأتى بعد الفعل‬ ‫يستخدم للتأكيد على الفاعل‬

‫انا‬ I me my …… mine myself

‫هو‬ He him his…… his himself

‫هى‬ She her her …… hers herself

‫هى لالشياء‬/ ‫هو‬ It it its …. its itself

‫نحن‬ We us our……. ours ourselves

‫هن‬/ ‫هم‬ They them their….. theirs themselves

‫انتم‬/ ‫انت‬ You you your ….. yours yourself/yourselves

Study the table and then answer these questions:

1- Ali spoke to ( me - I ) yesterday .
2- I met (me – my – I ) friends at the park yesterday .
3- ( Our- We- Us ) class is clean .
4- I played with ( they - them - their ) yesterday .
5- ( Their- They - Them ) house is big and tidy .
6- This is my chair.( Its - It ) legs are high .
7- I did my homework ( myself- himself )
8- She is my sister.( Her – hers- him) cat is called Brownie.
9- Ahmed is my friend and ( his - her - their ) father is a doctor .
10- I have many friends and I play with ( their - them - theirs ) after school

11-We should clean our rooms ( ourselves - yourselves - themselves)

12-Your brother is smart and ( he – him – his ) car is very expensive.
13.Yousef and Mohammed are my friends.( They - Them - Their ) go to
the same school and ( their - they – them ) parents are friends too .
14-My dog is playing with ( it - its ) toys in the park .

15- Please, Keep ( you – your – yours ) class clean .

 2-Helping verbs
Sub. Verb to be Verb to have Verb to do
‫الفاعل‬ present past P.P present past p.p Present Past P.p
I am have Do
He is Was has Does
She is been has had had Does did Done
It is has Does
They are have Do
We are were have Do
You are have Do
Examples:
1- I did my homework yesterday.
2- We were in the park last night.
3- She does her homework everyday.
4- The weather is fine today.
5- We had a nice holiday in Egypt.

3- The infinitive
) ‫المصدر (الفعل االول بدون اى اضافات‬
The form of the verb that can be used after other verbs and with “ to”
before it . Examples: to go – to play – to read – to write- to keep- to build
 1- The infinitive comes after “to” - They are happy to sing a song.

- He is ready to visit Kuwait .

 2-The infinitive comes after “defective verbs “{ shall- should – will –would – can –
could – may – might –must }

-He will travel to Paris . - He can drive his car veryfast.

3-The infinitive comes after “do –does –did “ - They don’t do their home work .

-she doesn’t help her mother in the house work .

 4- The Gerund
*** It is the verbal noun, the ( v. + ing )

: )ing + ‫يستخدم بعد هذة االفعال ( الفعل‬

avoid fancy mind go on Suggest

prefer finish miss imagine Need
Delay forgive deny like Love
like/dislike keep stop start Avoid
Enjoy mention understand begin Practice
: ‫كما يستخدم ايضا فى الحاالت التاليه‬
( on-to- in – of – at ( ‫بعد حروف الجر‬-2 ‫فى بدايه الجمله‬-1
:‫ يستخدم بعد التعبيرات التاليه‬-3

(be) looking forward - ( be) used to - Do you mind ……..?

- Can’t stand - can’t resist - it’s no use

- Can’t help - ‫*** بعد افعال الحواس‬

Examples:
1-Smoking cigarettes is bad for your health.

2- He is good at telling stories.

3-I’m sorry for keeping you waiting.

4- Iam looking forward to seeing her.

6- I suggest telephoning the doctor beforing going to the clinic.

7- My old car needs repairing.

8-We started running last Monday. 9- I saw Ali swimming in the pool.
 ‫رجاء دراسته اوال ثم تناول جميع االزمنه بالتفصيل‬. ‫جدول يضم جميع القواعد المقررة‬

‫أالزمنه‬ Tenses
No ‫ الزمن‬Tense ‫شكل الفعل‬ Form Key words ‫الكلمات الدالة‬
1- Present Simple I – We – They – You + v.1 ( Always- usually-never sometimes-often-
1st.form) every
‫المضارع البسيط‬
He – She – It +( v. + s / es )

2- Present I +( am +V.+ ing) Now- at present – Listen – Look out – at

Continuous this moment – Look !
We-They- You + (are +v.+ing)
‫المضارع المستمر‬
He –She –It + (is +v.+ing)

3- Present Perfect He –She _It + ( has + P.p)‫شكل ثالث‬ already – for - just –ever – since – (not
…yet)
‫المضارع التام‬ I-We – They –You +( have +P.p)

4- Past Simple Regular + (d-ed )‫قياسي‬ Yesterday –ago- once – last.– in the past –
in 1995
‫الماضي البسيط‬ Irregular ( Past form )‫غير قياسي‬

5- Past I –He-She –It +(was+v.ing) While –as-when

Continuous
We-They-You+(were +v.ing)
‫الماضي المستمر‬

6- Past Perfect All pronouns +had+ p.p‫شكل ثالث‬ Before -after- as soon as

‫الماضي التام‬ ‫جميع الضمائر‬

7- Future Simple All pronouns + (will+v.1) Tomorrow – next – soon – in the future-
in 2500-shortly
‫المستقبل البسيط‬ ‫جميع الضمائر‬

8- Future Tomorrow - soon –shortly

Continuous
Will + be + v.+ ing
‫المستقبل المستمر‬

9- Future Perfect Will + have + p.p‫شكل ثالث‬ by…….(future)

‫المستقبل التام‬
 1-The present simple tense ‫زمن المضارع البسيط‬

We use the present simple tense to talk about habits and facts.

*When we see “always – sometimes-often –usually-every …, we use the

present simple tense.

* You should add “ s-es “to the end of the verb if it ends with

( o-s-x-ch-sh ) when the subject is “He-She-It “

1-He plays in the garden everyday.

2-She always goes to school by bicycle.

3-The earth goes round the sun.

2-The past simple tense ‫زمن الماضى البسيط‬

It is used to talk about actions that happened in the past.

When you see “yesterday- in the past – ago – las(night-week-

month- year ) in the sentence.

 I visited Kuwait Tower yesterday.

 They invited me to the party last night .

 He went to the zoo a week ago.

 3-The future simple tense ‫زمن الماضى البسيط‬

This tense is used to show that action will happen in the future.

-When we see “tomorrow-in the future –soon- shortly- next (time-

week-month- year )

1- I will go to the cinema tomorrow.

2-We will have a holiday next wek.

3-They will soon speek English well.

4-The present continuous tense ‫زمن المضارع المستمر‬

.‫يستخدم عندما نريد التحدث عن شئ يحدث االن فى لحظه التحدث‬

She / He / It + is + v.ing Listen - Look - now

We / They / You + are + v.ing At the moment
I + am + v.ing ‫الكلمات الداله عليه‬

1- Loook ! The bus is coming .

2- Listen ! she is singing .

3- They are playing now.

4- At the moment , they are doing their homework.

5- I am wearing a new jacket now.

 5-The past continuous tense ‫زمن الماضى المستمر‬

 This tense shows an action that was going on when another past action happened.

She / He / It / I + was + v.ing When - While ( As )

We / They / You + were + v.ing ‫الكلمات الداله عليه‬

1- As I was walking in the street , I met Yousef .

2- While we were having our food ,the lights went out.

3- I was doing my homework when my father came.

4- while my mother was cooking , I was watching TV.

(2 continuous actions in the past )

6-The present perfect tense ‫زمن المضارع التام‬

 This tense shows that an action began in the past and goes on till the
present time.It also describes recent actions.

She / He / It + has + P.P3 ‫ الكلمات الداله عليه‬ever-

never- just- already – for-
We / They / You/ I + have + p.p3 since – up till now– not
yet

1-He has just gone out. 2- She hasn’t finished her work yet.

3-He has never learned English. 4- Have you ever seen a white elephant?

Since past simple present perfect

For past simple present perfect
  If “since “ comes in a sentence with only one “verb” ,we use the present
perfect tense.

 If “since “ comes in a sentence with two “verbs “ after “since” past simple
and the other in present perfect.

 Examples: 1- We haven’t seen him since his arrival.

2- I have smoked since I leftschool.

3- Since his father died , he has lived alone.

7-The past perfect tense ‫زمن الماضى التام‬

This tense shows that a past action had happened before another action in the past.

She / He / It + had + P.P3 After-before- till – as soon

as - until ‫الكلمات الداله‬
We / They / You/ I ‫عليه‬

After past perfect past simple

Before past simple past perfect

1- After I had finished my homework, I went out.

2- The bus had left before I reached the station.

3- As soon as I had finished my work, I went back home.

4- She went to bed after she had written her school project.

Before till / until ; always use the past negative form

5- He didn’t write the answers till he had read the srory.

6- She didn’t cook the food until she had cleaned the kitchen.
8-The future perfect tense ‫زمن المستقبل التام‬

will + have + Past Participle ( P.p)

Key words: by the end of the year - by tomorrow - by the time …

Examples : By the end of May , my sister will have got anew born baby.

2- By tomorrow we will have achieved the school project.

3- By the end of this year ,my brother will have driven a car .
 ‫‪Making questions‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬
‫‪Wh.‬‬ ‫‪Helping‬‬ ‫‪subject‬‬ ‫‪Main‬‬ ‫‪object‬‬ ‫‪-place‬‬ ‫?‬
‫‪Question verb‬‬ ‫‪verb‬‬ ‫‪-Time‬‬
‫‪word‬‬ ‫‪- adj.‬‬

‫‪Question words‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪Who‬‬ ‫( من ) ويسأل بها عن الفاعل العاقل –وتستحدم بدون فعل مساعد‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪Whom‬‬ ‫(من ) ةيسأل بها عن المفعول العاقل‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪Whose‬‬ ‫(لمن ) ويسأل بها عن الملكيه‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪Where‬‬ ‫(أين ) ويسأل بهل عن المكان‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪Which‬‬ ‫( أى ) لالشخاص او االشياء وتستعمل للتمييز والتفضيل واالختيار‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪When‬‬ ‫(متى ) للزمن‬
‫‪7‬‬ ‫‪Why‬‬ ‫( لماذا) للسؤال عن السبب‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪How‬‬ ‫(كيف) للسؤال عن الحال او الطريقه والوسيله‬
‫‪9‬‬ ‫‪How many‬‬ ‫( كم ) للسؤال عن العدد‬
‫‪10‬‬ ‫‪How much‬‬ ‫(كم) للسؤال عن السعر او الكميه‬
‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪How far‬‬ ‫(كم ) للمسافه‬
‫‪12‬‬ ‫‪How long‬‬ ‫(كم) طول المدة‬
‫‪13‬‬ ‫‪How tall‬‬ ‫(كم ) للطول‬
‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪How high‬‬ ‫(كم) لالرتفاع‬
‫‪15‬‬ ‫‪How deep‬‬ ‫( كم ) للعمق‬
‫‪16‬‬ ‫‪How old‬‬ ‫( كم ) للعمق‬
‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪How often‬‬ ‫( كم) للتكرار وعدد المرات‬
‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪How wide‬‬ ‫(كم ) للعمق‬
‫‪19‬‬ ‫‪How heavy‬‬ ‫(كم ) للسؤال عن الوزن‬
‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪How fast‬‬ ‫(كم ) للسرعه‬
Write questions for the following sentences:
[1] My first name is Ahmed. (What)…………… ………………………………………………?

[2] How ……………. is the river ?. (How …..)

[3] My teacher's name is mr.Hamad.(What)……………… …………………………………?

[4] She lives in kuwait city . (Where)………………………… …………………………………?.

[5] They speak Arabic. (What)……………………………… ……………………………………?

[6] She goes to school on foot. (How)………………………… ……………………………?

[7]I go to school at seven o'clock. (When)……………………… …………………………….?

[8] My favourite subject is Arabic. (What) ……………………………………………….?

[9] She goes to school at half past seven. (When)………………….… ………………?.

Question Tags
 ‫ ادرس الجمل التاليه بأهتمام النها تشتمل على النماذج المختلفه والشاذة‬: ‫عزيزى الطالب‬

1-Open the door,will you ? ( imperative )‫امـــر‬

2-Don’t open the door, will you ?
3-I’d rather study, wouldn’t I ?
4-I’d better stay, hadn’t I ?
5-Let’s go out , shall you ? ( suggestion ) ‫اقتراح‬
6-Let us go out , will you ? ( request ) ‫طلب‬
7-Everyone’s here, aren’t they ?
8-No one is here , are they ?

9-We never write in red ink , do we?

**** These words are negative : never-hardly –arely –almost never

Comparison of adjectives

Adjective comparative Superlative

Old older than the oldest
Big bigger than the biggest
Short shorter than the shortest
Exciting more exciting than the most exciting
more expensive
Expensive than the most expensive
Nice nicer than the nicest
Happy happier than the happiest
good/well better than the best
Bad worse than the worest
Much more the most
Little less the least
Far farther/ further farthest / furthest
1- Yousef is a tall boy .
2- Sami is taller than Ali.
3- The film is more exciting than the book.
4- Ahmed is the tallest pupil in the class.
5- This is the most wonderful town I have ever visited .

‫ترتيب الصفات فى الجمله‬

1- Beautiful old hills . 2- narrow street
3-large square room 4- fantastic decorated tombs
5-High sandstone cliffs 6- a new French car .
7-Beautiful blue tiles

‫الشرطيه‬ ) IF ( ‫قاعدة‬
 Also there is ( ZERO TYPE ) of Conditional if

IF present simple present simple

This is to express facts.

1-

1- If you study hard , you will get high marks.

2- If he comes earlier,he’ll see the show.

3- If you need a ticket, I can get you a cheaper one.

4- If it rains , we will stay at home.

5- You will miss the train if you don’t hurry.

6- If I had a million dollar, I would go round the world.

7- If they played well , they would win the match.

8- If we had a calculator , we could work together.

9- If we had taken your advice, we would have saved a lot of time

10- If I had bought a ticket yesterday , I might have won a prize.

11- If we boil water , it changes into vapour.

12- It gets hot if the sun rises.

 The Passive Voice
To change into passive voice ,you should study this chart for the changes
Of the sentences: (Change focus )
‫ المفعـــــــــول‬+ V. to be + ‫ التصريف الثالث لفعل‬+ (by ) +‫الفاعل‬
PP ‫الجمله‬

Tense Active Passive‫مجهول‬

Present simple ‫المضارع البسيط‬ (am-is –are) +PP3
Present continuous ‫المضارع المستمر‬ (am-is-are) + being +PP3
Present perfect ‫المضارع التام‬ (have-has) +been +PP3
Past simple ‫الماضى البسيط‬ (was-were) +PP3
Past continuous ‫الماضى المستمر‬ (was-were)+being+ PP3
Past perfect ‫الماضى التام‬ (had) + been+ PP3
Future simple ‫المستقبل البسيط‬ Will + be + PP3
Future perfect ‫المستقبل التام‬ (will+have+been+PP3

Active
My mother cooks the food everyday.
She is cleaning the rooms now.
They have eaten the apples.
She cleaned the rooms.
They were playing two video games.
The teacher had explained the lesson.
I will visit the farm.
I will have finished the report.
Passive
The food is cooked everyday
The rooms are being cleaned.
The apples have been eaten( by them).
The rooms were cleaned.
Two video games were being played
The lesson had been explained (by the
teacher.
The farm will be visited (by me ).
The report will have been finished.
 Reported Speech
Statements ‫ الجمل الخبريه‬-1

Direct‫مباشر‬ ‫غير مباشر‬Indirect Direct‫مباشر‬ Indirect‫غير مباشر‬

Say say say to tell

Says says says to tells

Said said said to told

.‫ أو تحذف‬that ‫ و يمكن استخدام‬inverted commas ‫تحذف‬

:‫ تتغير األزمنة كما يلي‬

Direct‫مباشر‬ Indirect ‫منقول‬ Direct Indirect

‫مباشر‬ ‫غير مباشر‬

write / writes‫مضارع بسيط‬ wrote‫ماضى بسيط‬ will would

Wrote‫ماضى بسيط‬ had written‫ماضى تام‬ shall would

is / are writing‫ مضارع مستمر‬was / were writing‫ماضى مستمر‬ may might

have/has written ‫مضارع تام‬ had written ‫ماضى تام‬ can could

has / have been had been writing must had to

writing‫مضارع تام مستمر‬

was / were writing ‫ماضىى‬ had been writing

‫مستمر‬

:‫ هناك كلمات معينة تتغير في غير المباشر كما يلي‬

Direct Indirect Direct Indirect

now Then tonight that night

 this That tomorrow the next day

these Those yesterday the day before

here There today that day

(two days) ago (two days)before yet by then

last week the week before / the next week the following
previous week week

the day before two days before the day after in two days’ time
yesterday tomorrow

‫ أو تحذف‬that ‫ و يمكن استخدام‬inverted commas ‫ تحذف‬

:‫ تتغير األزمنة في الماضي كما يلي‬

:‫ الحظ تغيير الضمائر‬

 She said, “I shall write the letter tomorrow.”

She said she would write the letter the next day.

 He said to me, “I can’t do it now.”

He told me he couldn’t do it then.

 He said to me, "I didn't see the robbers last night."

He told me he hadn't seen the robbers the night before.

:‫ في المضارع‬say(s) ‫ ال تتغير األزمنة إذا كان فعل‬

 She says, “I don’t believe in this nonsense.”

She says she doesn’t believe in that nonsense.

:‫ال تتغير األزمنة إذا كانت الجملة تعبر عن حقيقة‬

 She said, “ If water freezes, it changes into ice.

She said that if water freezes, it changes into ice.

:and added that ‫ أو‬and that ‫ في حالة وجود جملتين نستخدم‬

 He said to me, “ I didn’t post the letter. I’ll ask John to post it for me.”
He told me he hadn’t posted the letter and that he would ask John to post it
for him.
 2 . Reported Speech ( Questions )
‫السؤال فى الكالم المنقول‬
‫ ) يستخدم كلمه الربط هذة‬Wh.( ‫اذا كان السؤال مبدوء ب كلمه استفهام بها‬
.‫كاداة ربط‬
Ahmed told me ,” How much money did you earn last week ?“

 He asked me how much money I had earned the week before.

She told me “ Where do you live?”

 She asked me where I lived.

) if / whether ( ‫) فاننا نستخدم‬Yes/Ne questions( ‫**** اما فى حاله‬
She said to me “Do you speak English ?”
*She asked me if I spoke English .

3 . Reported Speech
‫ ( االوامر والنواهى‬orders / warnings )
He said to his son “study hard.”

 He advised his son to study hard.

.‫ كرابط فى جمل االوامر والنصائح‬To ‫حيث تستخدم‬
He said to me “Don’t water the plants in the day time.”

 He advised/ warned me not to water the plants in the day time.

. ‫ كرابط فى جمل النواهى والتحذيرات‬not to ‫ حيث تستخدم‬

 Relative Pronouns
) ‫ضمـــــائر الوصــــــــل ( الربط‬
Who ‫توضع محل فاعل عاقل‬ Whose ‫تستخدم للملكيه‬ That
Where ‫توضع محل مكان‬ Whom‫تستخدم محل المفعول العااقل‬ ‫الذي‬
‫وتستخدم لتحل مكان كل ما‬
Which ‫توضع محل الغير عاقل‬ When ‫تستخدم لتحل محل الظرف الزمنى‬ ‫سبق‬
‫فاعل او مفعول‬
‫يستخدم ضمير الوصل ليربط جملتين بعضهما ببعض وليحل محل الكلمه المكررة فى الجمله الثانيه‬

1- Yousef is my friend.He won the prize.

*Yousef who won the prize is my friend.

2-This is the house .We live in it.
*This is the house where we live in .
3-We know a lot of people. They live in Salmia ,Kuwait.
* We know lot of people who live in Salmia,Kuwait.
4- A dictionary is a book . It gives you the meaning of the words.
*A dictionary is a book which gives you the meaning of the words.
5- Ali is my friend .His villa is at the end of the street.
*Ali is my friend whose villa is at the end of the street.
6- This is my teacher.I met him at the park yesterday.
*This is my teacher whom I met in the park yesterday.
7-The hotel is clean .We stayed in it for many days.
*The hotel where we stayed for many days is clean.
.‫ دائما ياتى ضمير الوصل بعد الكلمه االصليه فى الجمله االولى‬: ‫ملحوظه‬
 .‫ ماضى بسيط للتعبير عن التمنى فى الوقت الحاضر‬wish ‫ تستخدم بعد‬
1- I don’t have a camera. I wish I had a camera.
2- People throw rubbish in the streets . I wish people didn’t throw rubbish
in the streets.

.‫ ماضى تام للتعبير عن التمنى فى الماضــــى‬wish ‫ تستخدم بعد‬

3-I failed the exam. I wish I hadn’t failed the exam.
I wish I had passed the exam.

‫كلمات الربط‬
no.
1 and Yousef is my friend.He is
10.
2 but Yousef likes apples.He
doesn’t like cakes.
3 or He doesn’t like chocolate.
He doesn’t like milk.
4 although He joins the basket team.He
is short.
5 too….to The tea is too hot. I can’t
drink it.
6 both…..and Yousef is a good boy.Osama
is a good boy.
7 neither…..nor Ali doesn’t
liketennis.Yousef doesn’t
like tennis.
8 either…..or You can drink tea.You can
drink coffee.
9 So…….that The bag is heavy.I can’t
carry it.
10 Such……that It was a bad film.I couldn’t
complete it.
Yousef is my friend and he is 10.
Yousef likes apples but he
doesn’t like cakes.
He doesn’t like chocolate or
milk.
Although he is short ,he joins
the basket team.
The tea is too hot to drink.
Both Yousef and Osama are
good boys.
Neither Ali nor Yousef likes
tennis.
You can drink either tea or
coffee.
The bag is so heavy that I can’t
carry it.
It was such a bad film that I
couldn’t complete it.
 Conjugation
‫تصريفات االفعال‬
present past Past participle present past Past participle
play played played break broke Broken
watch watched watched breed bred Bred
burn burnt/burned burned/burnt build built Built
smell smelled smelled buy bought Bought
begin began begun come came Come
bend bent bent cut cut Cut
become became become draw drew Drawn
drink drank drunk drive drove Driven
eat ate eaten feed fed Fed
feel felt felt find found Found
fly flew flown forget forgot forgot/forgotten
freeze froze frozen get got got/gotten
give gave given go went Gone
grow grew grown keep kept Kept
send sent sent shoot shot Shot
sleep slept slept speak spoke Spoken
sweep swept swept swim swam Swum
swing swang swung take took Taken
tear tore torn throw threw Thrown
wear wore worn win won Won

### Finished : Jamal Hussein Al-Mohamadi Zakaria

2015/2016