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RT9611C/D
Controller R5
R4 C3 C4
GND LGATE Q2
C2
Copyright © 2013 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation.
Timing Diagram
PWM
tpdlLGATE
LGATE 90%
tpdlUGATE
1.5V 1.5V
90%
1.5V 1.5V
UGATE
tpdhUGATE tpdhLGATE
Copyright © 2013 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation.
Internal
3.6V
Bootstrap
POR Control
15k
BOOT
Input
PWM Shoot-Through
Disable UGATE
Protection
15k 12k
Turn-Off
PHASE
Detection
12k
OD
VCC
Shoot-Through
Protection LGATE
12k
GND
Operation
POR (Power On Reset) is turned on), the bootstrap switch is turned on to charge
The POR block detects the voltage at the VCC pin. When the bootstrap capacitor connected to the BOOT pin. When
the VCC pin voltage is higher than POR rising threshold, LGATE is low (low-side MOSFET is turned off), the
the POR block output is high. The POR output is low bootstrap switch is turned off to disconnect the VCC pin
when VCC is not higher than POR rising threshold. When and the BOOT pin.
the POR block output is high, UGATE and LGATE can be
controlled by PWM input voltage. If the POR block output Turn-Off Detection
is low, both UGATE and LGATE will be pulled to low. The Turn-Off Detection block detects whether high-side
MOSFET is turned off by monitoring the PHASE pin
Tri-State Detect voltage. To avoid shoot-through between high-side and low-
When both POR block output and EN pin voltages are side MOSFETs, low-side MOSFET can be turned on only
high, UGATE and LGATE can be controlled by PWM input. after high-side MOSFET is effectively turned off.
There are three PWM input modes, which are high, low,
and shutdown state. If PWM input is within the shutdown Shoot-Through Protection
window, both UGATE and LGATE output are low. When The Shoot-Through Protection block implements the dead
PWM input is higher than its rising threshold, UGATE is time when both high-side and low-side MOSFETs are
high and LGATE is low. When PWM input is lower than turned off. With the Shoot-Through Protection block, high-
its falling threshold, UGATE is low and LGATE is high. side and low-side MOSFET are never turned on
simultaneously. Thus, shoot-through between high-side
Bootstrap Control and low-side MOSFETs is prevented.
the Bootstrap Control block controls the integrated
bootstrap switch. When LGATE is high (low-side MOSFET
Copyright © 2013 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation.
Electrical Characteristics
(VCC = 12V, TA = 25°C, unless otherwise specified)
Parameter Symbol Test Conditions Min Typ Max Unit
Power Supply Voltage VCC 4.5 -- 13.5 V
Power Supply Current I VCC VBOOT = 12V, PWM = 0V -- 1.2 -- mA
Power On Reset
POR Threshold VPOR VCC Rising 3 4 4.4 V
Hysteresis VCC_hys -- 0.5 -- V
PWM Input
Maximum Input Current IPWM PWM = 0V or 5V -- 300 -- A
PWM Floating Voltage VPW M_fl 1.6 1.8 2 V
PWM Rising Threshold VPW M_rth -- -- 2.8 V
PWM Falling Threshold VPW M_fth 0.8 -- -- V
Copyright © 2013 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation.
Note 1. Stresses beyond those listed “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are
stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in
the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions may
affect device reliability.
Note 2. θJA is measured at TA = 25°C on a high effective thermal conductivity four-layer test board per JEDEC 51-7. θJC is
measured at the exposed pad of the package.
Note 3. Devices are ESD sensitive. Handling precaution is recommended.
Note 4. The device is not guaranteed to function outside its operating conditions.
Copyright © 2013 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation.
R1 RT9611C/D R2
10 4 VCC 8 1
ATX_12V BOOT C2
1µF R3
C1 2.2
1µF 7
UGATE Q1 L1
1µH
6
3 PHASE VCORE
5V OD
+
R4 R5
0 2.2 C4 C5
1 5 2200µF 10µF
PWM PWM LGATE Q2
C3 x2 x2
GND 3.3nF
2,
9 (Exposed Pad)
Copyright © 2013 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation.
UGATE UGATE
(20V/Div) (20V/Div)
PHASE PHASE
(10V/Div) (10V/Div)
LGATE LGATE
(10V/Div) (10V/Div)
OD OD
(5V/Div) (5V/Div)
VIN = 12V, No Load VIN = 12V, No Load
UGATE UGATE
(20V/Div) (20V/Div)
PHASE PHASE
(10V/Div) (10V/Div)
LGATE LGATE
(10V/Div) (10V/Div)
PWM PWM
(5V/Div) (5V/Div)
VIN = 12V, No Load VIN = 12V, No Load
UGATE UGATE
PHASE PHASE
LGATE LGATE
(5V/Div) (5V/Div)
VIN = 12V, PWM Rising, No Load VIN = 12V, PWM Falling, No Load
Copyright © 2013 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation.
UGATE UGATE
PHASE PHASE
LGATE LGATE
(5V/Div) (5V/Div)
VIN = 12V, PWM Rising, Full Load VIN = 12V, PWM Falling, Full Load
Short Pulse
PHASE
UGATE
LGATE
(5V/Div)
Time (20ns/Div)
Copyright © 2013 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation.
Copyright © 2013 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation.
Cgd1 Cgs1 dV 12
Igd1 Cgd1 Cgd1 (3)
dt tr1
Igd1 Igs1 Cgd2 d2
Ig1
Before the low-side MOSFET is turned on, the Cgd2 have
Ig2 Igd2
g1 g2
been charged to VIN. Thus, as Cgd2 reverses its polarity
D2
Igs2 and g2 is charged up to 12V, the required current is :
Cgs2 s2
dV Vi 12
Igd2 Cgd2 Cgd2 (4)
GND dt tr2
Vg1
It is helpful to calculate these currents in a typical case.
VPHASE +12V
Assume a synchronous rectified Buck converter, input
voltage VIN = 12V, Vg1 = Vg2 = 12V. The high-side
MOSFET is PHB83N03LT whose C iss = 1660pF,
Crss = 380pF, and tr = 14ns. The low-side MOSFET is
t
PHB95N03LT whose Ciss = 2200pF, Crss = 500pF and tr =
Vg2 30ns, from the equation (1) and (2) we can obtain :
12V
1660 x 10-12 x 12
Igs1 1.428 (A) (5)
-9
t 14 x 10
Figure1. Equivalent Circuit and Associated Waveforms 2200 x 10-12 x 12
Igs2 0.88 (A) (6)
-9
30 x 10
In Figure 1, the current Ig1 and Ig2 are required to move the from equation. (3) and (4)
gate up to 12V. The operation consists of charging Cgd1,
Cgd2 , Cgs1 and Cgs2. Cgs1 and Cgs2 are capacitors from 380 x 10-12 x 12
Igd1 0.326 (A) (7)
Gate to Source of the high-side and the low-side power
14 x 10-9
MOSFETs, respectively. In general datasheets, the Cgs1
500 x 10-12 x 12+12
and C gs2 are referred as “Ciss” which are the input Igd2 0.4 (A) (8)
capacitors. Cgd1 and Cgd2 are capacitors from Gate to Drain 30 x 10-9
of the high-side and the low-side power MOSFETs, the total current required from the gate driving source can
respectively and referred to the datasheets as “Crss” the be calculated as following equations :
reverse transfer capacitance. For example, tr1 and tr2 are
Ig1 Igs1 Igd1 1.428 0.326 1.754 (A) (9)
the rising time of the high-side and the low-side power
MOSFETs, respectively. The required current Igs1 and Igs2, Ig2 Igs2 Igd2 0.88 0.4 1.28 (A) (10)
are shown as below :
By a similar calculation, we can also get the sink current
dVg1 Cgs1 x 12
Igs1 Cgs1 (1) required from the turned off MOSFET.
dt tr1
dVg2 Cgs1 x 12
Igs2 Cgs1 (2)
dt tr2
Copyright © 2013 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation.
BOOT
Figure 3. Test Circuit
+
UGATE CB
VCB Figure 4 shows the power dissipation of the RT9611C/D
PHASE -
as a function of frequency and load capacitance. The value
VCC of CU and CL are the same and the frequency is varied
LGATE from 100kHz to 1MHz.
Power Dissipation vs. Frequency
GND
1000
900
Figure 2. Part of Bootstrap Circuit of RT9611C/D CU = CL = 3nF
Power Dissipation (mW)
800
700
In practice, a low value capacitor CB will lead to the over
600
charging that could damage the IC. Therefore, to minimize CU = CL = 2nF
500
the risk of overcharging and to reduce the ripple on VCB,
400
the bootstrap capacitor should not be smaller than 0.1μF,
300
and the larger the better. In general design, using 1μF can
200 CU = CL = 1nF
provide better performance. At least one low ESR capacitor
100
should be used to provide good local de-coupling. It is
0
recommended to adopt a ceramic or tantalum capacitor. 0 200 400 600 800 1000
Frequency (kHz)
Power Dissipation
Figure 4. Power Dissipation vs. Frequency
To prevent driving the IC beyond the maximum
recommended operating junction temperature of 125°C,
The operating junction temperature can be calculated from
it is necessary to calculate the power dissipation
the power dissipation curves (Figure 4). Assume
appropriately. This dissipation is a function of switching
V CC = 12V, operating frequency is 200kHz and
frequency and total gate charge of the selected MOSFET.
CU = CL = 1nF which emulate the input capacitances of
Figure 3 shows the power dissipation test circuit. CL and the high-side and low-side power MOSFETs. From Figure
C U are the UGATE and LGATE load capacitors, 4, the power dissipation is 100mΩ. Thus, for example,
respectively. The bootstrap capacitor value is 1μF. with the WDFN-8L 3x3 package thermal resistance θJA is
31°C/W. The operating junction temperature is calculated
as :
TJ = (31°C/W x 100mW) + 25°C = 28.1°C (11)
where the ambient temperature is 25°C.
Copyright © 2013 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation.
+
12V C2
31°C/W on a standard JEDEC 51-7 four-layer thermal test C1 R1
BOOT
board. The maximum power dissipation at TA = 25°C can VCC
CB
RT9611C/D C4
be calculated by the following formulas :
Q1 UGATE
P D(MAX) = (125°C − 25°C) / (31°C/W) = 3.22W for L2 PWM PWM
VCORE PHASE
WDFN-8L 3x3 package PHB83N03LT 5V
OD
+
C3
The maximum power dissipation depends on the operating PHB95N03LT GND
Q2 LGATE
ambient temperature for fixed T J(MAX) and thermal
resistance, θJA. The derating curves in Figure 5 allow the
designer to see the effect of rising ambient temperature Figure 6. Synchronous Buck Converter Circuit
on the maximum power dissipation.
4.0 When layout the PCB, it should be very careful. The power
Four-Layer PCB
Maximum Power Dissipation (W)
Copyright © 2013 Richtek Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. is a registered trademark of Richtek Technology Corporation.
D2
D
E E2
SEE DETAIL A
1
e
b 2 1 2 1
A
A3
A1 DETAIL A
Pin #1 ID and Tie Bar Mark Options
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accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Richtek or its subsidiaries for its use; nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third
parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Richtek or its subsidiaries.