ETHIO NATIONAL SCHOOL

2020 G. C 4TH QUARTER GEOGRAPHY LESSON NOTE FOR GRADE 11

 Dear students: - Copy the note and do the given homework on your exercise book!

Subject: Geography Grade & section: 11(A)

Unit:
Main topic: URBANIZATION

Sub topic/s:
Page range from:

MONDAY, MAY 4, 2020

URBANIZATION
 Urban is related to town or city
 Urban center are settlement where the majority of the population is engaged in non-
agricultural occupation
 is a major aspect of socio-economic change
 Africa is the least urbanized of the world’s major regions. This is in terms of both the
number of urban centers and the total population living in towns and cities.
 On average, it is only 38% of the continent's population that lives in urban area.
 High rate of rural -urban migration and high fertility in the urban areas, the continent has the
world's highest rate of urbanization which is 5.4% per year.
 In regional level, south Africa is the most urbanized region with 56% of its population living
in urban areas in 2009 followed by North Africa 50% .
 East Africa is the least urbanized region having only 22% of its population residing in the
urban areas.
 In terms of rate of urbanization, eastern Africa is the highest (6.8%) followed by western
Africa (5.5%).
Urban Growth and Major Urban Centers in Africa
 The movement of people to cities in Africa began in early 20th century .Since then many
cities have expanded at a rate of 25% every ten years.
 The movement from rural areas to towns and cities is dubbed as rural-urban migration.
 Most African countries movement to the cities is partly due to rural push and partly due to
urban pull.

Prepared by Mr Frew T. Attested by Mr. Yemer D. Page 1 of 3

TUESDAY, MAY 5, 2020
Urban Problems
Rapid urbanization is causing several challenges in Africa . It creates problems includes;
 Employment opportunities
 Housing conditions
 Provision of social services such as education and health services, and social security .
 Un planned development
 Poor road networks, sewerage channels and unplanned settlement which resulted in the
development of slum or squatter settlement
 Expansion of social evils like crime, prostitution etc.
 Unreliable food security
 Shortage of water
 Scarcity of shelter and in efficient waste disposal etc
ACTIVITIES
1. Define the term brain-drain?
2. What are the main influencing factor of labour migration?
3. What are the main causes if internal migration?
4. What are the disadvantages of migration in loosing country?
5. Mention the advantages of migration in receiving country?
6. Compare and contrast permanent and temporary migration?
7. What does push and pull factor mean?
8. List the major forms of Internal (domestic) migration?
Choose the best from the given alternatives.
1. Which of the following is the main reason behind large scale intra-continental migration in
Africa?
A. Displacement caused by war or political instability
B. Labor migration to economically better off areas
C. Rapid development of intra-continental trade and tourism
D. A and B are correct
2. Which of the following had seriously depopulated Africa?
A. Extended slave trade in the last
B. Rural-Urban migration in each country
C. Current out-migration in each country
D. International migration with in African countries

Prepared by Mr Frew T. Attested by Mr. Yemer D. Page 2 of 3

 3. Most urban problems of the developing world like Africa originate
A. Only from the urban center themselves
B. From problems in rural areas to a great extent
C. From immigration of population from other countries
D. From urban-rural migration
4. The most serious environmental problems caused by the existing industries in Africa is
A. Water pollution
B. Air pollution
C. Noise pollution
D. Pollution of soil
5. Which one of the following is true about urbanization in Africa ?
A. Urbanization out raced industrialization
B. Low fertility in the urban areas
C. High level of urbanition
D. A and B
6. Historically, Africa's first million city was
A. Addis Abeba
B. Cairo
C. Lagos
D. kinshasa
E. Djibouti
7. All are adverse effects of urbanization in Africa except
A. Scarcity of shelter
B. Un reliable food security
C. Efficient waste disposal
D. Absence of employment opportunities
8. Which of the following regions in Africa is the least urbanized ?
A. North Africa
B. South Africa
C. Eastern Africa
D. Western Africa

Prepared by Mr Frew T. Attested by Mr. Yemer D. Page 3 of 3