Professional Documents
Culture Documents
a. WET
b. DRY
klasifikasi:
PENUNJANG
1. Diatom
Tujuan : WET/DRY?
positif → WET
Cara pemeriksaan :
a. Getah paru/longsap proof → gaboleh kalau udah busuk, hanya berlaku pada
jenazah yang BARU TENGGELEM/fresh
2. Elektrolit darah
Drowning/ Tenggelam 1
Tujuan → ASIN/TAWAR?
Cara pemeriksaan :
The point at which cerebral anoxia becomes irreversible is dependent on both the
age of the individual and the temperature of the water.
No matter what the time interval involved, consciousness is usually lost within 3
min of submersion.
The sequence of events is:
Breath holding
Loss of consciousness
Death
Thus, while in warm water, a submersion time of 3–10 min is thought to represent
the maximum time prior to irreversible neurological injury, in ice water, submersion
times as long as 66 min have been reported with neurological recovery.
TESTS
Drowning/ Tenggelam 2
in which blood was analyzed from the right and left sides of the heart.
If the chloride level was less on the right than on the left, the person was
assumed to have drowned in saltwater.
If it was elevated on the right side of the heart over the left, then one was thought
to be dealing with a freshwater drowning.
→ Diatoms
A more exotic, though controversial, test involves the identification of diatoms in the
tissue of drowning victims. Diatoms are microscopic unicellular algae varying in size
from 5 to more than 500 μm. These organisms have a silica skeleton in the shape of
two valves. They are found everywhere in all types of water (fresh, brackish, and
saltwater), on moist soil, and in the atmosphere.
Today, people who use diatom analysis tend to deal with closed organ systems,
such as femoral bone marrow or an encapsulated kidney from a non-
decomposed body.
1. Wet Drowning
air masuk kedalam saluran napas korban setelah korban tenggelam → air
masuk keparu paru (basah)
2. Dry Syndrome
air tidak sempat masuk kedalam saluran napas (paruparu) karena adanya
spasme laring dan kematian terjadi sebelum air masuk keparu - paru
3. Secondary drowning
4. Immersion syndrome
korban tiba tiba meninggal setelah masuk kedalam air dingin akibat reflex
vagal
TENGGELAM
Air masuk ke paru → merusak surfaktan paru → edema paru → alveolitis → asidosis
metabolik → hipoksemia
Drowning/ Tenggelam 3
Tenggelam di Air Tawar
→ absorbsi cairan yang masif → Konsentrasi air tawar lebih rendah dibandingkan
darah → air yang ada di alveolus pindah ke capillary bed → hemodilusi → hemolisis
→ hemodilusi tubuh mencoba mengatasi keadaan ini → ion kalium release dari
serabut otot jantung → hiperkalemia → mendorong terjadinya fibrilasi ventrikel
dan penurunan tekanan darah → kematian akibat anoksia otak yang bisa terjadi
dalam waktu 5 menit.
Air Asin
→ Konsentrasi air laut lebih tinggi dibandingkan darah → air akan ditarik keluar dari
sirkulasi pulmonal kedalam jaringan interstitial paru sehingga terjadi edema pulmo
dan hemokonsentrasi, hipovolemi, kenaikan kadar Mg dalam darah → sirkulasi
jadi lambat → payah jantung → kematian memakan waktu 8 - 9 menit
refleks vagal
fibrilasi ventrikel
edema pulmoner
Tujuan Pemeriksaan
2. Menentukan apakah korban masih hidup pada saat masuk kedalam air?
Drowning/ Tenggelam 4
4. washer woman's hand
6. cadaveric spasme
Pemeriksaan Penunjang
Diatom positif →
getah paru
Drowning/ Tenggelam 5