M.

SUNIL SIDHAARTH
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I wish to express my deep gratitude and sincere
thanks to SRV PUBLIC SCHOOL for
encouragement and for all the facilities that
provided for this project work. I sincerely
appreciate this magnanimity by taking me into
the fold for which I shall remain indebted to
them. I extend my hearty thanks to
Mr.A.Ramakrishan , Chemistry Teacher who
guided me to do this project successful
completion of this project. I take this opportunity
to express my deep sense of gratitude guidance,
constant encouragement,
comments, sympathetic attitude and motivation
which has sustained my effort at all stages of this
project for her invaluable constructive immense
- M. Sunil Sidhaarth
This is to confirm that investigated project report entitled
“Ions present in toothpaste” submitted by M. Sunil Sidhaarth of
class XII in original and has been completed by my
supervision and is completed in all aspects for ASSCE of the
year 2023 to 2024.
INTRODUCTION

In suppressing halitosis, and delivers active ingredients (most commonly

fluoride) to help
prevent tooth and disease (gingivitis). Most of the cleaning is achieved
by the mechanical action of the toothbrush and not by the toothpaste.
Salt and sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) are among materials that
can be subistituted for commercial toothpaste. Toothpaste is not
intended to be swallowed due To the flouride content, but is generally
not very harmful if accidently swallowed in small Amounts. However
one should seek medical attention after swallowing abnormally large
amounts.

In this project we are going to test different kind of toothpaste like

Colgate,Close up to check the ion present. Toothpaste is a paste or
gel dentifrice used to clean and maintain the aesthetics and health of
teeth. Toothpaste is used to promote oral hygiene: it is an abrasive
that aids in removing dental plaque and food from the teeth.

COMPONENTS USED IN TOOTHPASTE:

• HClO4
• HBr
• HI
• H2SO4
• HClO3
• HCl
• HNO3
IDENTIFICATION

IDENTIFICATION OF ACID RADICAL (ANION)

A/er the preliminary tests are over with, to idenAfy the anion, three
indicatory tests are carried out. They can be divided in to three
categories each with separate group reagent. Therefore anion may be
idenAfied by performing the following tests in the order given. Dilute
H2SO4 test Concentrated H2SO4 test Independent Group (SO42-, PO43- )
A/er an anion is indicated, confirmatory tests are carried out,
corresponding to the anion.

IDENTIFICATION OF BASIC RADICALS (CATION)

To idenAfy the caAons, we have been using the flame test (a

preliminary test) for indicaAon. Whichever caAon is indicated, it is
confirmed on the basis of corresponding tests.

AIM
 To detect the presence of different anions and ca4ons in different brands of toothpaste

and determine it's quality.

Theory

In qualita4ve analysis, the given compound is analyzed for the radicals, that is,
ca4ons and anions that it contains. The common proceaure of tes4ng on
unknown salt is to make its solu4on and then test this solu4on for the ions
present in it. Then Preliminary tests such as color, odour, dry hea4ng, flame test
etc. are performed. These tests are common for all samples under salt analysis.
Further, there are separate procedures for detec4ng ca4ons and anions.

REQUIREMENT :

Toothpaste(s):
Colgate, Close-UP
Chemicals:
Hydrochloric acid, dilute Sulphuric acid, concentrated Sulphuric
acid, Barium chloride, Ammonium chloride, Ammonium hydroxide,
Ammonium carbonate, AceAc acid, Nitric acid, Silver nitrate, Calcium
chloride, PoTasium Ferrocyanide, H2S gas. Test tubes, Beakers, Flasks,
flame, spatula etc.
 CONTENTS

1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

2. INTRODUCTION

3. AIM

4. THEORY

5. REQUIREMENTS

6. TEST FOR DIFFERENT SAMPLES

7. COMPARATIVE TABLE

8. RESULT

9. CONCLUTION

10. PRECAUTIONS

11. BIBLIOGRAPHY

PRECAUTION:
 1. Use test tube holder to hold the test tube.

2. Never add water to concentrated acids.

3. Never touch any chemicals with hands directly.

4. Use a dropper for concentrated acids.

5. Don’t smell the vapors from too close.

6. Handle the chemical carefully .

COMPARATIVE INFERENCE TABLE:

TOOTHPASTE Ca2+ SO32- Fe3+ Mg2+ SO42- CO32- PO42-

COLGATE YES NO NO YES YES YES YES
CLOSEUP YES YES YES NO NO NO NO
 On the basis of the comparaAve inference table,we see that
COLGATE is the best of all toothpastes as it contain majority of the
essenAal consAtuents(anion and caAons)of a toothpaste.

Colour of The Paste- White

Experiment Observation Inference

Take a part of the solution and add MgSO4 solution. Formation of white ppt. CO3 confirmed

Take a part of the solution and add ammonium

hydride (1-2 ml)

Formation of white ppt. Ca confirmed

Take a part of solution and add magnesium mixture

(mixture of NH4Cl and NH4OH) Formation of white ppt. PO4 confirmed.

 A yellow ppt. is formed

which is insoluble

Acidity a portion of aqueous solution whit dilute NH4OH

HNO3. Boil and cool and add AgNO3. I is conformed

Smells like that of CH3COO

vinegar
absent
Take a small quantity of solution and add oxalic acid

Prepare the paste of it with a few drops of water

To one part of the solution and add KI No reaction Pb absent

To one part of the solution add solid NH4Cl and

NH4OH is slight excess and then add ammonium
phosphate

A white ppt is formed Mg present

Chemical Reaction

1. CO3 + MgSO4 → MgCO3 + SO4 (white ppt.)

2.CO3 + 2CH3COOH → (CH3COO)2 Ca + H2O

(CH3COO)2Ca + (NH4)2C2O4 → 2CHCOONH4 +CaC2O4
 3. NaHPO4 + MgCl2 + NH4OH → Mg (NH4)PO4 + 2NaCl + H2O

4.I+ AgNO3 →NO3+AgI (yellow ppt.)

5. (COOH)2 + 2CH3COONa → NO REACTION

6.Pb + 2KI→ NO REACTION

7. MgCl2 + NH4OH+ (NH3)2HPO4 → Mg (NH4)PO4 + 2NH4 +H2O Test On

Colgate

Colour of Paste- White

Experiment Observation Inference

Take a part of the solution and add Formation of white

MgSO4 solution ppt.

CO3 confirmed

Take a part of solution and add Formation of white

ammonium hydroxide.
ppt.
PO4 confirmed.

Take a part of solution and add

magnesia mixture (mixture of NH2 Cl
and NH4OH) and allow to stand
Formation of white

ppt. PO4 confirmed.

Acidity a portion of aqueous solution A yellow ppt. is
formed which is
with dilute HCl. Boil and cool and add insoluble NH4Oh

AgNO3.
I confirmed

Take a small quantity of solution and Smell like that of CH3COO

add oxalic acid vinegar
absent

Prepare the paste of it with few drops of water

Take one part of solution No reaction Pb absent

To one part of the solution and add solid

NH4Cland NH4OH in slight excess then
add ammonium phosphate.

A white ppt. is formed Mg absent

IONS PRESENT:- Mg,

I, PO4, Ca, CO3

Chemical Reactions

1. CO3 +MgSO4 → MgCO3 + SO4

(white ppt.)

2. CO3 + 2CH3COOH → (CH3COO)2 Ca + H2O

(CH3COO)2Ca + (NH4)2C2O4 → 2CHCOONH4 +CaC2O4

3. NaHPO4 + MgCl2+ NH4OH → Mg (NH4) PO4 + 2NaCl + H2O

4. I+ AgNO3 →NO3 +AgI (yellow ppt.)

5. (COOH)2 + 2CH3COONa → NO REACTION

6. Pb + 2KI→ NO REACTION

7. MgCl2 + NH4OH+ (NH3)2HPO4 → Mg NH4)PO4 + 2NH4 +H2O Test On Close Up

Colour of The Paste- Red Gel

Experiment Observation Inference

Take a part of the solution and add Formation of

MgSO4 solution. white ppt.

CO3 confirmed

Take a part of the solution and add

ammonium oxalic (1-2 ml) and add little
ammonium hydroxide

Formation of
white ppt. Ca confirmed
Take a part of solution and add magnesium
mixture (mixture of NH4Cl and NH4OH)
and allow to stand

Formation of
white ppt. PO4 confirmed.

Acidity a portion of aqueous solution whit Formation of

dilute HNO3. Boil and cool and add AgNO3. white ppt.

I is conformed

Take a small quantity of solution and add Formation of CH3COO

oxalic acid white ppt.
absent

Formation of
white ppt.

To one part of the solution and add KI Pb absent

To one part of the solution and add solid

NH4Cl and NH4OH is slight excess and then
add ammonium phosphate

Formation of
white ppt. Mg present

IONS PRESENT:-

Mg, I, PO4, Ca, CO3, CH3COO

Chemical Reactions

1. CO3 +MgSO4 → MgCO3 + SO4 (white ppt.)

2. CO3 + 2CH3COOH → (CH3COO) 2Ca + H2O

(CH3COO)2Ca + (NH4)2C2O4 → 2CHCOONH4 +CaC2O4

3. NaHPO4 + MgCl2 + NH4OH → Mg (NH4) PO4 + 2NaCl + H2O

4. I+ AgNO3 → NO3+AgI (yellow ppt.)

5. (COOH)2 + 2CH3COONa → NO REACTION

6. Pb + 2KI→ NO REACTION

7. MgCl2 + NH4OH+ (NH3)2HPO4 → Mg (NH4)PO4 + 2NH4 +H2O

CONCLUSION
Hence after testing different samples of toothpaste, we find that
Colgate has all necessary for stronger and whiter teeth.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

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