GEMS UNITED INDIAN SCHOOL

INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT
(TOOTHPASTE
ANALYSIS)

SUBMITTED BY: (Name)

SUBMITTED TO: Yogesh Kadam
 STUDENT DETAILS

Name:
Class:
Section:
CBSE Roll Number:
School:
Title of the Project:
Teacher in Charge:
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CERTIFICATE OF ACHIEVEMENT
Roll No:_______________________

This is to certify that Miss/Master _______________________________ has

satisfactorily completed the Chemistry Investigatory Project of Grade 12
during the academic session 2022 – 23 as prescribed by the Central Board of
Secondary Education, New Delhi.

____________________
Teacher – in – charge

Date of Examination: __________________

__________________ __________________
External Examiner Internal
Examiner
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my deep gratitude to all the individuals involved in

the completion of this project. My sincere thanks go to Mr. Yogesh Kadam
for guiding me immensely and constantly offering valuable input. This
project would not have been successful without his support and
motivation.

I would like to extend to my thanks to the lab assistants, Ms. Ambika and
Ms. Athulya for making it possible for us to perform the experiment in the
lab.

I am indebted to my school, GUIS, for providing me with the adequate

facilities necessary for the completion of this project and to my parents and
classmates for their constant encouragement.
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INDEX

SL.NO TITLE PAGE NO.

1. Student Details 1
2. Certificate Of Achievement 2
3. Acknowledgements 3
4. Introduction 5
5. 5
Ingredients
6. Experiment 6-9
- Aim
- Apparatus Required
- Chemicals Required
- Toothpaste 1: Colgate max white
- Toothpaste 2: Colgate total

7. Result 10

8. Conclusions 10

9. Project pictures 10

10. Bibliography 10
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INTRODUCTION:

Toothpaste is a paste or gel dentifrice used with a toothbrush to clean and maintain the aesthetics
and health of teeth. Common colors for toothpaste include white (sometimes with colored stripes or
green tint) and blue.
Toothpastes are generally useful to maintain dental health. Toothpastes containing fluoride are
effective at preventing tooth decay. Toothpastes may also help to control and remove plaque build-
up, promoting healthy gums. A 2016 systematic review indicated that using toothpaste when
brushing the teeth does not necessarily impact the level of plaque removal. However, the active
ingredients in toothpastes are able to prevent dental diseases with regular use.

INGREDIENTS:

In addition to 20-42% water, toothpaste is derived from a variety of components, including

abrasives, fluorides and detergents.
Some toothpastes contain fluorides, making the tooth's enamel surface more resistant to bacterial
activity and acting against microorganisms as a metabolic poison. Generally, any standard
toothpaste contains calcium carbonate, sodium monofluoride phosphate, sodium lauryl sulphate,
zinc sulphate, alum and some flavoring oils are added. This project basically deals with the
detection of various ions in toothpaste that determine its quality.
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AIM:
To find out the acid and basic radicals (anions and cations) present in four different samples of
toothpastes

MATERIALS REQUIRED:

Apparatus
Beakers, Test tube, glass rod and Spirit lamp.
Required:

Chemicals Dilute hydrochloric acid, Conc. Hydrochloric acid, Barium chloride

solution, Conc. Nitric acid, Ammonium molybdate, Magnesium
Required: sulphate solution, Magnesia mixture, Sodium hydroxide, Sodium
sulphide, Ammonium chloride, Ammonium hydroxide, Ammonium
carbonate, Disodium hydrogen phosphate, Potassium chromate,
Ammonium sulphate, Ammonium oxalate, Ammonium phosphate
solution.
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TOOTHPASTE 1: Colgate max white

Color: Light blue

Solubility: Readily soluble in water

TEST FOR ACID RADICALS (ANIONS)

PRELIMINARY TESTS:
EXPERIMENT  OBSERVATION  INFERENCE 
1.TEST FOR SULPHATE: To a few ml of White precipitate was Sulphate was
salt solution add dil. HCl and a few drops of formed  present.
BaCL2.
2. TEST FOR PHOSPHATE: To a little salt Deep yellow precipitate was Phosphate was
solution add conc. HNO3 and ammonium formed present.
molybdate and warm.
3.TEST FOR NITRATE: To a small quantity Dark brown fumes were Nitrate was
salt solution in a test tube add conc H2S04 and evolved  present.
heat.

CONFIRMATORY TESTS:
EXPERIMENT  OBSERVATION INFERENCE 

1.SULPHATE: Add acetic acid and lead A white precipitate was Presence of
acetate solution to the original solution. formed  sulphate
confirmed.

2. PHOSPHATE: Add magnesia mixture to A white precipitate was Presence of

original solution. obtained Phosphate
confirmed.

3. BROWN RING TEST: Add come freshly A dark brown ring was Presence of
prepared ferrous sulphate to the original formed at the junction of Nitrate confirmed.
solution and pour a few drops of conc. layers
sulphuric acid.
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TEST FOR BASIC RADICALS (CATIONS)

EXPERIMENTS OBSERVATION INFERENCE

Divide solution into 3 parts and into first part add White precipitate was Group V
ammonium hydroxide. observed present.

CONFIRMATORY TESTS:
EXPERIMENTS OBSERVATION INFERENCE

FLAME TEST: Make a paste of the salt Brick red flame was Presence of Calcium
with conc. HCL. Take a part of it at the observed Ions is confirmed.
tip of a glass rod and show it to a non- (Ca2+)
luminous flame.
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TOOTHPASTE 2: Colgate Total

Color: blue and white
Solubility: ready soluble in water.

TEST FOR ACID RADICALS (ANIONS)

PRELIMINARY TESTS:
EXPERIMENTS OBSERVATIONS INFERENCE

1.TEST FOR HALIDES: To a pinch of salt Colorless gas is Either Chlorine or

add conc h2SO4 and warm. evolved fluorine is present.

CONFIRMATORY TESTS:
Silver Nitrate Test: To a portion No characteristic Chlorine was absent therefore, the
of the salt add dil. Nitric acid, boil reaction observed presence of fluorine was
and cool. confirmed.

TEST FOR BASIC RADICALS (CATIONS)

EXPERIMENTS OBSERVATION INFERENCE

Divide the solution into 3 parts and to the first part White precipitate was Group V
add ammonium hydroxide. observed present.

CONFIRMATORY TESTS:
EXPERIMENTS OBSERVATION INFERENCE
FLAME TEST: Make a paste of the salt with Brick red flame was The presence of
conc. HCL. Take a part of it at the tip of a glass observed Calcium Ions is
rod and show it to a non-luminous flame. confirmed. (Ca2+)
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RESULT:
All toothpastes have different radicles. Of anions nitrate is the most common while of cations
calcium ion is the most common. The following acid and basic radicles were observed in the
respective toothpastes:

NAME ANIONS PRESENT CATIONS PRESENT

COLGATE Sulphate, Phosphate, Nitrate. Calcium.

MAX WHITE

COLGATE Fluoride. Calcium.

TOTAL

CONCLUSIONS:
Toothpastes generally have many different components. The most common ions are Phosphates
and Calcium. Different types of toothpastes have different ingredients. Herbal and medicinal
toothpastes have many natural ingredients for medicinal purposes.

BIBLIOGRAPHY: https://youtu.be/5uZFTgRMPaI
Pradeep’s chemistry
Britannica Encyclopedia
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