Class Xii Practical Homework

SUBJECT – CHEMISTRY
WEEKLY HOME WORK

WEEK 1
DEAR CHILDREN,
FOLLOW THE GUIDELINES MENTIONED BELOW FOR PREPARATION OF BOARD
PRACTICAL FILE:
1. Get Arihant Lab Manual only. No other Lab manual will be accepted.
( online : https://www.amazon.in/Laboratory-Manual-Chemistry-Class-
Combo/dp/9312143689/ref=bmx_2?pd_rd_w=2PVej&pf_rd_p=e1cc32be-bd98-4c8f-97f9-
d875240632c8&pf_rd_r=V1F0RYCPK1471V4KRE3W&pd_rd_r=5c9be62c-b332-4000-
aea4-abd7be333520&pd_rd_wg=6JvJy&pd_rd_i=9312143689&psc=1)
2. Leave the first page and start from the second page.
3.Keep your file neat and clean.
4. Cover with white chart paper.
5. Use black and blue pen only. Rulers to be used wherever required.
6. It is mandatory to write RESULT at the end of each experiment.
7. All the reactions and flow chart is supposed to be done on plain side of the page.
Don’t do on ruled side
WATCH THE VIDEO GIVEN:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5eBS6apmNL8
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GTZBs3iZgg0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O3d_NKyhIwg
Experiment : 1
WATCH THE VIDEO
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O3d_NKyhIwg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ocagOCc46U
AIM: To detect acidic and basic radicals in the given salt
APPARATUS USED: Boiling tube, Test tube, Measuring cylinder, Test tube stand, Test tube
holder, Delivery tube, Corks, Filter paper and Reagents.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:
Colour:
Odour:
Density:
Deliquescence:
Theory:
• Qualitative analysis is a method of Analytical chemistry that deals with the determination of
elemental composition of inorganic salts. It is mainly concerned with the detection of ions in an
aqueous solution of the salt.
• Two basic principles of great use in the analysis are:
(i) the Solubility product
(ii) the Common ion effect.
When ionic product of a salt exceeds its solubility product, precipitation takes place. Ionic product of
salt is controlled by making use of common ion effect.
COMMON ION EFFECT:

The degree of ionisation of a weak electrolyte (weak acid or weak base) is
further suppressed if some strong electrolyte which can furnish some ion
common with the ions furnished by weak electrolyte, is added to its solution.
This effect is called common ion effect.
Example:
DISSOCIATION OF HYDROGEN SULPHIDE IN PRESENCE OF HYDROCHLORIC ACID[EDIT]
Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) is a weak electrolyte. It is weakly ionized in its aqueous
solution. There exists an equilibrium between un-ionized molecules and the ions in an
aqueous medium as follows:
H2S ⇌ 2 H+ + S2-
To the above solution of H2S , if we add hydrochloric acid, then it ionizes completely
as
HCl → H+ + Cl−
This makes H+ a common ion and creates a common ion effect. Due to the increase
in concentration of H+ ions, the equilibrium of dissociation of H2S shifts to the left and
keeps the value of Ka constant. Thus the ionization of H2S is decreased. The
concentration of un-ionized H2S is increased. As a result, SULPHIDE ions is
precipitated in GROUP II analysis.
• The systematic procedure for qualitative analysis of an inorganic salt involves the following
steps:
(а) Preliminary tests
(b) confirmatory test
• In salt analysis, preliminary tests for anions are conducted group-wise to find the anion of
the salt. After getting a positive preliminary test for an anion, a confirmatory test must be
conducted to confirm the presence of that anion in the salt.
• Once you get a positive result for a preliminary test for an anion, conduct a confirmatory
test for that anion.
• Conduct preliminary tests for cations group-wise until you obtain a positive result.
• Once a positive result is obtained, conduct a confirmatory test for that cation.
• Now that the cation and the anion are identified, obtain the chemical formula of the salt by
balancing the charges of the cation and anion. For example, if your cation is Fe3+ and your
anion is Cl–, the chemical formula of the salt will be FeCl3.
Procedure:
3. When the gas is passed brown ppt NH4+ confirmed
through Nessler’s reagent
Reactions:
Reactions:
Preliminary test for chloride:
NaCl + H2SO4 ® NaHSO4 +HCl
Pungent smelling gas
Result:
The given salt contains:
Basic radical = ammonium (NH4+)
Acidic radical = Chloride (Cl-)
Precautions:
1. Always wear lab coat before performing the experiments.

2. If you have touched any salt, wash your hands at once. It may be corrosive to skin.
3. Never taste any salt, it may be poisonous. Salts of arsenic and mercury are highly poisonous.
4. Salts like sodium sulphide, sodium nitrite, potassium nitrite, develop a yellow colour.
5. Never hold the test tube without test tube holder
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:
1. What is qualitative analysis?

2. What are acidic and basic radicals?
3. What type of bond is present in an inorganic salt?
4. Name the coloured basic radicals.
5. Why do inorganic salt ionise when dissolved in water?
6. What is the importance of preliminary tests in qualitative analysis.
7. What is Nessler’s Reagent?
8. Give the confirmatory test for ammonium and chloride with its reaction.
9. Give the formulae of chromyl chloride.
10. Give the formulae of yellow ppt. obtained in chromyl chloride test.
Experiment: 2
Watch the video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kjyKK5a0Ulk
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fXo39WiDNhg
Colour:
Odour:
Density:
Deliquescence:
Theory:
When ionic product of a salt exceeds its solubility product, precipitation takes place. Ionic product of salt is
controlled by making use of common ion effect.
COMMON ION EFFECT:
The degree of ionisation of a weak electrolyte (weak acid or weak base) is further
suppressed if some strong electrolyte which can furnish some ion common with the
ions furnished by weak electrolyte, is added to its solution. This effect is called
common ion effect.
Group analysis of basic radicals:
Procedure:
Test for basic radicals
Experiment Observation Inference

Preliminary test:
Add a few drops of dilute Formation of a white Lead (Pb2+)
hydrochloric acid (HCl) to the precipitate may be
original solution.
Confirmatory test:
Filter, wash and dissolve
the above obtained white
ppt. with water. Divide in
two parts:
1. to first part add KI Yellow ppt. is obtained Pb2+ confirmed.
2. to second part add
potassium chromate Yellow ppt. is obtained
(K2CrO4)
Reactions:
Preliminary test of lead:
Confirmatory test :
Test for acidic radicals:

Preliminary test:
Take a small chunk of the Brown fumes with a NO3- may be present
salt in a test tube and add a pungent smell
few drops of concentrated
H2SO4
Confirmatory test:
Brown ring test Formation of a brown ring
Take salt and water in a at the junction of the acid NO3- confirmed
test tube. Add iron (II) and the solution.
sulphate solution (FeSO4)
and add one drop of
concentrated nitric acid
(HNO3) along the side of
the test tube.
Reactions:
Preliminary test
2NaNO2 + H2SO4 ® Na2SO4 + 2HNO2
3HNO2 ® HNO3 + 2NO + H2O
2NO + O2 ® 2NO2
Brown gas
Confirmatory test:
Result:
Basic radical = Pb2+ (lead)
Acidic radical = NO3- (nitrate)
Precautions:
1. Always wear lab coat before performing the experiments
2. If you have touched any salt, wash your hands at once. It may be corrosive to skin.
3. Never taste any salt, it may be poisonous. Salts of arsenic and mercury are highly
poisonous.
4. Salts like sodium sulphide, sodium nitrite, potassium nitrite, develop a yellow colour.
5. Never hold the test tube without test tube holder
Answer the following questions:

1. Mention the brown ring test. Give the formulae of brown ring.
2. Give the formulae of brown fumes obtained in preliminary test of nitrate.
3. Give the formulae of white precipitate and yellow ppt.
4. What is the formulae of the salt whose ions are detected in above experiment.\
5. Give the reaction of confirmatory test of acidic and basic radical.
Experiment: 3
Watch the video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f7PfeaA8kow
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dMK4RoYh01o
Colour:
Odour:
Density:
Deliquescence:
Theory:
COMMON ION EFFECT:
common ion effect.
Procedure:
Test for basic radicals
Preliminary test:
ake about 2 ml of the Formation of a black Lead (Pb2+)
original solution in a test precipitate may be
tube’. Make it acidic with
dil. HCl and warm the
contents. Through this
solution pass H2S gas
Confirmatory test:
Heat the black ppt in 50%
HNO3. Divide in two parts:
1. to first part add KI Yellow ppt. is obtained
2. to second part add
potassium chromate Yellow ppt. is obtained Pb2+ confirmed.
(K2CrO4)
Reactions:
Preliminary test:
Confirmatory test:
Test for acidic radicals:
Preliminary test:
Take a small chunk of the Reddish - brown fumes Br - may be present
salt in a test tube and add a with a pungent smell
few drops of concentrated
H2SO4
Confirmatory test:
MnO2 test Evolution of yellow brown
Heat the salt with solid vapours which turns starch Br - confirmed
MnO2 and conc. H2SO4. paper yellow
Reactions:
Preliminary test:
Confirmatory test:
Result:
Basic radical = Pb2+ (lead)
Acidic radical = Bromide (Br-)

1. Mention the Manganese dioxide test. Give the formulae of yellow brown vapours obtained
in this test.
2. Give the formulae of reddish brown fumes obtained in preliminary test of bromide.
3. Give the formulae of white precipitate and yellow ppt obtained in testing lead.
4. What is the formulae of the salt whose ions are detected in above experiment.
5. Give the reaction of confirmatory test of acidic and basic radical
Experiment: 4
Watch the video :
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0HPi7X2yhbw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iqn4UdKY1MY
Colour:
Odour:
Density:
Deliquescence:
Theory:
COMMON ION EFFECT:
common ion effect.
Procedure:
Reactions:
Preliminary test:
Confirmatory test:
Reactions:
Preliminary test:
(vinegar smell)
Confirmatory:
Result:
Basic radical = Aluminium (Al3+)
Acidic radical = Acetate (CH3COO-)

1. Mention the blue lake test. Give the formulae of blue lake.
2. Which ion is detected with blue lake experiment?
3. Give the formulae of fruity smell obtained and mention the test in which it is detected.
4. What is the formulae of the salt whose ions are detected in above experiment.
5. Give the reaction of confirmatory test of acidic and basic radical.
6. Which acid is present in vinegar?
EXPERIMENT 5
Colour:
Odour:
Density:
Deliquescence:
Theory:
COMMON ION EFFECT:
common ion effect.
Procedure:
REACTIONS:
PRELIMINARY:
CONFIRMATORY:
Reactions:
Preliminary test:
CaCO3 + H2SO4® CaSO4 + H2O + CO2
Confirmatory test:
Result:
Basic radical = Zinc (Zn2+)
Acidic radical = Carbonate (CO32-)
EXPERIMENT:6
Colour:
Odour:
Density:
Deliquescence:
Theory:
COMMON ION EFFECT:
The suppression of the degree of ionisation of a weak electrolyte (weak acid or weak
base) by the addition of some strong electrolyte having a common ion, is called the
common ion effect.
Radicals of group V (Ba2+, Sa2+, Ca2+) are precipitated as their carbonates by the
addition of (NH4)2 CO3 in the presence of NH4Cl and NH4OH. NH4Cl suppresses the
degree of ionisation of (NH4)2 CO3 by common ion effect and hence decreases the
concentration of CO32- ions.
PROCEDURE:
REACTIONS:
PRELIMINARY TEST:
CONFIRMATORY TEST:
REACTIONS:
Preliminary test
Confirmatory test:
Result:
Basic radical = Strontium (Sr2+)
Acidic radical = sulphide (S2-)
EXPERIMENT 7
Colour:
Odour:
Density:
Deliquescence:
Theory:
COMMON ION EFFECT:
common ion effect.
PROCEDURE:
PRELIMINARY TEST
CONFIRMATORY TEST
REACTIONS:
PRELIMINARY TEST:
CONFIRMATORY TEST:
Result:
Basic radical = Calcium (Ca2+)
Acidic radical = oxalate (C2O42-)
EXPERIMENT 8
Colour:
Odour:
Density:
Deliquescence:
Theory:
COMMON ION EFFECT:
common ion effect.
PROCEDURE:
Reactions :
Preliminary:
Confirmatory:
Reactions
Result:
Basic radical = Barium (Ba2+)
Acidic radical = Sulphate (SO42-)
EXPERIMENT 9
Colour:
Odour:
Density:
Deliquescence:
Theory:
COMMON ION EFFECT:
common ion effect.
PROCEDURE:
NH4Cl & NH4OH

Reactions:
Test for acidic radical

(write phosphate present in the inference column in the below experiment)
Reactions:
Result:
Basic radical = Magnesium (Mg2+)
Acidic radical = Phosphate (PO42-)
Experiment 10
TEST FOR CARBOXYLIC ACID:

LITMUS TEST:
SODIUM BICARBONATE TEST:
ESTER TEST:
TEST FOR AMMINE:
SOLUBILITY TEST:
LITMUS TEST:
CARBYLAMINE TEST:
DYE TEST
SODIUM METAL TEST:

ESTER TEST:
TEST FOR PHENOLS:

LITMUS TEST:
NEUTRAL FERRIC CHLORIDE TEST:
TEST FOR ALDEHYDE AND KETONE:

2,4 DNP TEST:
ALDEHYDE :
SCHIFF’S TEST:
TOLLEN’S TEST:
(to be drawn on plain side of

the first page of EXPERIMENT 10)
EXPERIMENT 11
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QacQmS3aaTI
MOLISCH TEST:
FEHLING TEST:
BENEDICT TEST:
TOLLEN’S TEST:
EXPERIMENT 12
TEST FOR PROTIENS:
BIURET TEST:
XANTHOPROTIC TEST:
NINHYDRIN TEST:
EXPERIMENT 13

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SUBJECT – CHEMISTRY

WEEKLY HOME WORK

WATCH THE VIDEO GIVEN:

AIM: To detect acidic and basic radicals in the given salt

COMMON ION EFFECT:

1. Always wear lab coat before performing the experiments.

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:

1. What is qualitative analysis?

AIM: To detect acidic and basic radicals in the given salt

Test for basic radicals

Experiment Observation Inference

Test for acidic radicals:

Answer the following questions:

AIM: To detect acidic and basic radicals in the given salt

Answer the following questions:

AIM: To detect acidic and basic radicals in the given salt

Answer the following questions:

NH4Cl & NH4OH

Test for acidic radical

TEST FOR CARBOXYLIC ACID:

SODIUM METAL TEST:

TEST FOR PHENOLS:

NEUTRAL FERRIC CHLORIDE TEST:

TEST FOR ALDEHYDE AND KETONE:

(to be drawn on plain side of

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