9 SCIENCE

QUARTER 1– MODULE 1
Respiratory System and Circulatory System Working
with Other Organ Systems

Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Respiratory system is a series of multiple organs responsible for gas exchange. Every part in the respiratory system is
important to function and deliver oxygen to the blood and eliminate carbon dioxide from the blood with the circulatory
system. These two systems cannot function alone, but need one another to function as a whole.
Breathing is the process of intake of air into the lungs (inhalation) and expulsion of carbon dioxide (exhalation). It is
true that humans can survive without food and water in days, but cannot live without air in minutes.
Respiration is the first thing that happens in the gas exchange between cells and the environment.
PARTS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
 There are many different organs present in the gas exchange. The human respiratory system is divided into two
components: upper and lower respiratory tracts.
I. UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT
1. Nose – gateway and the first organ of the respiratory system wherein the air (oxygen) enters the body. It is
responsible for the sense of smell and helps in respiration and speech production.
2. Nostrils –These are external openings in the nose and serves as the passage of air into the body.
3. Nasal cavity – inside part of the nose. It warm, moisturize and filter the air that enters the body. It is lined with a
mucous membrane that helps keep the nose moist by producing mucus.
4.Cilia – tiny hairs that are located on the surface cells of the mucous membrane that moves back and forth. The mucus
traps any foreign particles which moved by the cilia toward the front of the nose. This helps clean the air before it goes
to the lungs.
5.Mucous membrane – lines the nasal cavity. It produces mucus that is moist and sticky that captures dust, germs,
and small particles that could irritate the lungs.
6.Throat or Pharynx – passageway of air from the oral and nasal cavities to the lungs, it is also the passage of food to
the esophagus. Adenoids and tonsils are located in the pharynx which plays an important role to protect the body from
infection.
7.Voice Box or Larynx – a hollow tubular structure that connects the pharynx and the windpipe (trachea).It is where
the vocal folds or vocal cords lie and prevents the passage of food and other foreign particles in the lower respiratory
tracts. The epiglottis is leaf-shaped flap cartilage behind the tongue which protects the trachea during eating to prevent
from inhalation of food.
II. LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT
1.Windpipe or Trachea – a cartilaginous tube that connects the larynx to the bronchi of the lungs. It serves as a
passageway of air, moistens, and warms while it passes into the lungs.
2. Lungs – it is the primary organs of the respiratory system. The lungs are protected by a bony and muscular rib cage
and, a double-layered membrane (pleura) that lines the thoracic cavity and covers the lungs.
3.Bronchi and Bronchioles – the two branches that split from the trachea and lead directly to the lungs, called bronchi
(singular, bronchus). Bronchioles are small bronchial tubes that deliver air to alveoli.
4. Air sacs or Alveoli – tiny air sacs like grapes located at the end of the bronchial tubes and are surrounded by blood
capillaries. The gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide happens between the alveoli (singular, alveolus) and blood
by the process of diffusion.
5. Diaphragm – a dome-shaped structure that separates the chest and abdomen. It is the main respiratory muscle
responsible for inhalation and exhalation. During inhalation, the lungs expand and the diaphragm moves downward. In
exhalation, the diaphragm relaxes and returns to its normal shap

Figure 1-2.(a) Parts

of the respiratory system; Ribs
(b) The magnified
view of alveoli.

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
 Circulatory system also known as cardiovascular system is the life support structure that nourishes your cells
with the nutrients from the food you eat and the oxygen from the air you breathe.
 It can be compared to a complex arrangement of highways, avenues and lanes connecting all the cells
together.
 It circulates vital elements such as oxygen and nutrients. At the same time, it also transports metabolic waste
such as carbon dioxide and nitrogenous wastes away from the body.
Components of Blood
In human blood is the medium for transport which is pumped by an organ called heart. Blood is a liquid consisting of
plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Blood helps in the transportation of various substances such as
nutrients and oxygen, it also provide protection of the body against diseases.
Plasma is a light yellow liquid component that makes up about half of the content of
blood. It carries water, salts and enzymes. Plasma transport nutrients, proteins and
hormones to the different part of the body where it is needed.
Red blood cells (erythrocyte) which constitute about 45% of the whole blood are
another component of the blood that contain hemoglobin it circulate through the body
delivering oxygen to the cells.
White blood cells (leucocyte) are involved in the immune response that identify and target invading bacteria, viruses
and other foreign organisms, they also recycle waste components such as old red blood cells.
Platelets (thrombocyte) are tiny blood cells that help your body form clots to stop bleeding. If one of your blood
vessels gets damaged, it sends signals to the platelets. The platelets then rush to the site of damage, they form clot to
fix the damage.
Blood vessels serve as the network that channels blood throughout
the body. As the blood flows all over the body, it remain confined within
these blood vessels. It is the reason why human circulation as well as
those of other vertebrates is described as closed circulation. Blood
vessels are classified according to structure and functions.
There are three types of blood vessels:
 Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, except for the pulmonary arteries that carry blood low in
oxygen from the right ventricle to the lungs for oxygenation. Arteries are elastic blood vessels, as blood passes
through them, it recoils and rebounds in a pulsating manner. The blood that passes through arteries is under
high pressure exerted by the action of the heart.
 Veins return blood low in oxygen back to the heart from the different parts of the body, except for the
pulmonary veins that carry blood rich in oxygen from the lungs to the left ventricle then to the left atrium of the
heart and to different parts of the body . Unlike arteries, veins are thinner and it has valve that prevent the back
flowing of blood.
 Capillaries are very tiny but most numerous blood vessels. Capillaries form connections between the arterioles
and the venules. The main function of capillaries is the exchange of materials such as gases and nutrients, and
collect waste products of metabolism between blood and tissues.
Human Heart
Do you know how big your heart is? The human heart is roughly
as big of a closed fist. It is situated at the middle of the chest cavity,
slightly to the left of the center. The heart is a muscular organ
enclosed by a thin but strong sac called pericardium. As the heart
contracts it pumped blood around the body. It carries deoxygenated
blood to the lungs for oxygenation, and oxygen- rich blood to the
different parts of the body.
Parts of the Heart and it’s Functions
1. Chambers of the Heart
Human heart is a four- chambered heart. It is divided into two divisions (left and right) by the muscle called septum. The
atria which is the receiving chamber receives blood from the different parts of the body (right atrium) and blood coming
from the lungs (left atrium). While the ventricles are the pumping chamber, right ventricle pumps the blood to the lungs
for oxygenation and left ventricle pumped oxygen- rich blood to the different parts of the body. The upper and lower
chamber of the heart differ in thickness due to variation in the amount of myocardium present. The difference reflect the
amount of force each chamber needed to generate in order to bring blood to its destination.
2. Valves of the heart
Valves are flaps of muscle tissues that prevent the back flowing of blood. The heart has four valves, mitral valve
and tricuspid valve, which control the blood flow from the atria to the ventricle. The aortic valve and pulmonary
valve which control blood flow out of the ventricle. Your heart valves are located at the exit of each of your four
chambers and maintain one- way blood flow through your heart. These valves prevent the blood from flowing back into
the ventricles. This pattern is repeated over and over with each heartbeat, causing the blood to flow continuously to the
heart, lungs and body.
3. Superior Vena Cava and Inferior Vena Cava
The superior vena cava (SVC) returns deoxygenated blood from the systemic circulation to the right atrium of the
heart. While inferior vena cava (IVC) is a large vein that carries blood from the lower and middle part of the body to the
right atrium of the heart. The wall of the inferior vena cava are rigid and it has valves so that blood does not flow down
due to gravity.
4. Pulmonary Artery and Pulmonary Veins
The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs. Aorta is the largest
artery, it convey oxygen rich- blood pumped by the heart to all parts of the body. While the pulmonary veins delivers
oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
Types of Circulation
1. Coronary Circulation
Blood circulation in the heart is called coronary circulation.
2. Pulmonary Circulation
The flow of blood through the heart and the lungs, and then back to the heart is called pulmonary circulation.
3. Systemic Circulation
Systemic circulation carries oxygen – rich blood from the heart to organs and tissues. This moves blood from the heart
to all the body’s organs and tissues, except for the heart and lungs and back to the heart again.
The Human Heart: How Blood is pumped by the Heart
The heart is a powerful, muscular organ that pumps about 10,000 liters of blood daily throughout the body via the
circulatory system, carrying and supplying oxygen, dissolve nutrients to the cells, and removing carbon dioxide and
other metabolic wastes.
 How About Blood Pressure?
The blood pressure corresponds to the pressure that the blood exerts against the walls of the arteries when pumped by
the heart. Pressure is needed to ensure circulation because blood must overcome the resistances associated with the
progressive decrease in the diameter of the arterial vessels.
The person’s blood pressure is determined by the balance between diastole and systole blood pressure which is
measured by millimeters of Mercury (mmHg).
 What are diastole and systole?
 Diastole is defined by the following characteristics: Diastole is when the heart muscle relaxes. When the
relaxes, the chambers of the heart fill with blood, and a person’s blood pressure decreases.
 Systole is defined by the following characteristics: Systole is when the heart muscle contracts.
When the heart contracts, it pushes the blood out of the heart and into the large blood vessels of the circulatory system.
From here, the blood goes to all of the organs and tissues of the body.
During systole, a person’s blood pressure increases.

Diastole Systole
A sphygmomanometer is used to measure a person’s blood pressure. If
someone has a reading of 120/80 mmHg, the person has: Systolic blood
pressure of 120 mmHg • Diastolic blood pressure of 80 mmHg.
Respiratory Diseases and Their Symptoms
 Asthma is a severe allergic reaction that causes wheezing, coughing and breathing difficulties.
 Bronchitis is a condition in which the linings of the bronchial tubes become irritated and swollen. The
passageways to the alveoli may swell and clog with mucus. This often causes severe coughing and makes it
hard to breathe. Bronchitis is more common in smokers than in nonsmokerss.
 Emphysema is a condition in which the lungs lose their elasticity. It causes shortnes of breath.
 Pneumonia is a condition in which the alveoli become filled with fluid. This prevents the exchange of gases in
the lungs.
 Lung cancer is a disease in which tumors formed as a result of irregular and uncontrolled cell growth. Many
studies have shown a relationship between lung cancer and smoking.
Circulatory Diseases and Their Symptoms
DISEASE DESCRIPTION
Atherosclerosis or develops when arteries become too rigid and narrow to ease the pressure of
hardening of the blood pumped out of the heart. It may develop from hypertension ,prolonged
arteries stress or habitual use of a stimulant

Hypertension or increase in blood pressure that does not go away even when the body is at
high blood rest. It develops from excessive constriction of the arterioles. Severe
pressure hypertension is likely to cause heart failure or kidney failure.

Myocarditis inflammation of the heart muscles pericarditis is the inflammation of the

lining outside the heart due to infection
Stroke sudden interruption in the blood supply of brain.Most strokes are caused by
an abrupt blockage of arteries leading to the brain.

Aneurysm enlargement of an artery caused by weakness in the arterial wall. Often

there are no symptoms but a rupture aneuryms may lead to fatal
complications.

Lifestyle that Affects Your Respiratory and Circulatory Systems

 Drinking of water. Take at least 8 glasses of water.
 Sleeping. Get enough sleep.
 Eating habits. Have a balanced diet.
 Exercise. By moving your body for 30 minutes a day, you strengthen your lungs and you will lower your risk of
disease, create a higher bone density and potentially increase your life span. Inadequate exercise may lead
into heart disease, colon cancer, high blood pressure, diabetes, and even colds or flue.
 Healthy body weight, defined as a normal body mass index (BMI), which is between 18.5 and 24.9
 Cigarette smoking. Smoking is bad, period. Smokers are more likely than non-smokers to develop heart
disease, stroke, and lung cancer. If you’re a smoker, quit for better health—not just for yourself, but for your
family and friends. If you don’t smoke, stay that way.
 Alcohol drinking. Drinking too much over time can cause chronic physical and mental health issues. Heavy
drinking can cause or contribute to liver damage, cardiovascular disease, and
Health is Wealth
“Health (World Health Organization- WHO) a state of complete of physical, mental, and social wellbeing and not simply
the absence of disease.”
According to study the leading causes of death among Filipinos are the diseases to the heart, diseases of the vascular
system, pneumonias, and all form of tuberculosis. Poor and unhealthy lifestyle is the common causes of the diseases of
the respiratory and circulatory systems.

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region 1
DIVISION OF PANGASINAN II
NANTANGALAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Pozorrubio

Worksheets in Science 9 Quarter 1- Module 1

(Respiratory and Circulatory Systems Working with Other Organ System)
Name: ___________________________________Grade and Section: ________________ Score: ________
I. Every Breath You Take: Identify and locate the parts of the respiratory system using the word bank below.

II. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM WORDSEARCH PUZZLE

Find and encircle the vocabulary words in the puzzle below that is related ro respiratory system.

T A P B R O N C H I I D A
R D I H X L U N G S L I L
A A B R A A X N Y R A L V
C M S O N R R T L K O G E
H S M N P T Y H T U O M O
E E W S O E C N S Z D A L
A A N B K S H N X E K M I
Y X O Y N N E G Y X O S U
D I A P H R A G M G L T I
E B R O N C H I O L E S Y

III.LABEL MEcal Thinking)

Label the numbered parts of the heart. Match the illustration from the list of parts inside the box.
 Word Bank
left ventricle right ventricle tricuspid valve
pulmonary vein pulmonary artery aorta
left atrium right atrium septum
bicuspid valve superior vena cava mitral valve
pulmonary valve inferior vena cava

IV. Enumerate the five Respiratory and Circulatory Diseases.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Prepared by: Approved:

(SGD) CHERISH A. CALACHAN (SGD) DENNIS Q. GAMBOA

Subject Teacher MT II/OIC Office of the Principal
 1.

2.
T A P B R O N C H I I D A
R D I H X L U N G S L I L
A A B R A A X N Y R A L V
C M S O N R R T L K O G E
H S M N P T Y H T U O M O
E E W S O E C N S Z D A L
A A N B K S H N X E K M I
Y X O Y N N E G Y X O S U
D I A P H R A G M G L T I
E B R O N C H I O L E S Y

3
1. Superior vena cava 2. Pulmonary artery
3. Aorta 4. Pulmonary vein
5. Right atrium 6. Tricuspid valve
7. Inferior vena cava 8. Pulmonary valve
9. Right ventricle 10. Left atrium
11. Mitral valve 12. Aortic valve
13. Left ventricle 14. Septum
4.
Asthma
,Bronchitis
,Emphysema
Pneumonia
Lung cancer
Atherosclerosis or hardening of the arteries
Hypertension or high blood pressure
Myocarditis
Stroke
Aneurysm