Kendriya Vidyalaya

Itarana ,Alwar (Raj.)

Chemistry Investigation Project

2023-24

Topic: Elevation in Boiling Point

Guided By : Mr. Jitendra Kumar saini sir
Submitted by : Jatin Sharma
CONTENT

1. Certificate
2. Acknowledgement
3. Introduction
4. Types of colligative properties
5. Elevation in boiling point
6. Experiment
 Aim
 Materials required
 Observation
 Result
 Discussion and sources of
error
 Bibliography
 Certificate
This is to certify that Jatin Sharma of class
12 A, Kendriya Vidyalaya Itarana Alwar
has successfully completed the project on
the topic “Elevation in Boiling Point” under
the guidance of Mr. Jitendra Kumar saini
sir in session 2023-24.

Internal Examiner External Examiner

Principal
 Acknowledgement
I would like to thank the CBSE, for
providing me the opportunity to carry
out the investigatory project. I also
take this opportunity to express my
sincere gratitude to my chemistry
teacher Mr. Jitendra Kumar saini sir
for guiding me and improving a
sound base of knowledge pertaining
to this project which ensures the
successful completion of this project.
I wish to express my great thank to
my principal Mr. Suresh kumar yadav
who helped me to accomplish this
project by providing me all necessary
facilities and support.
 Introduction
All the properties depend on the number
of solute particles irrespective of their
nature relative to the number of particles
present in the solution. Such properties
are called Colligative Properties.

It means that two solutions having

different components but same
mole fraction of solute can have
identical colligative properties.

Types of colligative properties

1. Relative lowering in vapor pressure
2. Elevation in boiling point
3. Depression in freezing point
4. Osmotic properties
 Elevation in boiling point
The temperature at which the vapor pressure of
the liquid becomes equal to the external pressure
is called the boiling point.
The vapor pressure of the solution decreases
upon addition of non-volatile salute, according to
Raoult’s law. Hence boiling point of the solution
increases. The increase in boiling point of a liquid
when a nonvolatile solute is added in it is called
boiling point elevation.
The vapor pressure of a liquid increases with the
temperature. The boiling point of a solution is
always higher than that of the pure solvent in
which the solution is prepared. Similarly, to the
lowering vapor pressure, elevation of boiling
point also depends on the number of the solute
molecules rather than their nature.
ΔTb the boiling elevation, is defined
as Tb (solution) - Tb (pure solvent)
It depends upon the number of moles of the added
non-volatile solute.
For dilute solutions the elevation of boiling point
(ΔTb) is directly proportional to the molal
concentration of the solute in the solution.

ΔTb α m
Or ΔTb = Kb × m
‘m’ is molality of the solute (no. of moles of the solute
dissolved in 1 kg of solvent).

Kb = Ebullioscopic constant or molal elevation

constant, which depends on the solvent.
Unit of Kb is K kg\mol
If W2 gram of solute of the molar mass M2 is
dissolved in W1 gram of solvent, then molality,
m of the solution is given by the expression:

m= (W2\M2) ÷ (W1\1000) = (1000× W2) ÷ (M2 \ W1)

ΔTb = (Kb × 1000×W2)÷(M2×W1)

M2 = (1000 ×W2×Kb )÷(ΔTb ×W1)

 EXPERIMENT

AIM:
To study the effects of various solutes on the
elevation of boiling point.
Materials Required:
1.Bunsen Burner
2.Tripod Stand
3.Wire Mesh
4.250mL Flask
5.Glass Stirrer
6.Beckmann’s Thermometer
7.Solutes Under Investigation
8.Tap water

Procedure:
1.Set up the apparatus using a 250mL beaker
containing 200mL of the experimental solution.
2.Put the beaker on the tripod stand with a wire
mesh and use the Bunsen Burner to heat the
solution.
3. A celestial thermometer calibrated up to 110
degree Celsius is immersed in the solution in
the beaker with the help of a clamp stand.
4.The initial temperature taken before starting
the experiment was considered as the
room temperature.
5.At first find the boiling point of the tap water.
This temperature is taken as the standard
boiling point of the solution.
6.Now, prepare three different concentrations
of glucose and boil 250mL of each one by
one in the beaker.
7.Take the readings of the temperatures after
every 20 seconds.
8.After 90 seconds, take the readings after
every 10 seconds in order to easily find out
the concurrent result.
Observation table:
The boiling point of tap water as solvent is found to
be 99.3°C.
Least count of thermometer is =
0.1°C
Table for elevation in boiling
point:
Mass Molal Measured Elevation of
of concentration(mole\kg) temperature B.P from
solute of B.P (0°C) Experiment
(grams) (0°C)

Glucose 0.125 99.4 0.1

0.250 100.6 1.3
0.500 101.1 1.8
1.000 101.2 1.9

Result:
On increasing the concentration, the boiling
point of glucose increases.
Discussion and Sources of Error
Due to non-availability of distilled water, tap water was
used. Moreover, due to prolonged heating, some of the
solution evaporated bringing a change in the actual
concentrations. So, it can be suggested that increases in
the boiling point is dependent only on the number of
moles of solute.
The difference between theoretical predictions and
experimentally found values can be attributed to
experimental errors as experiment was not conducted
in controlled laboratory conditions.
It is proved that when a non-volatile solute is added to
volatile solvent, the boiling point of the solvent
increases. Also, this increase in boiling point is not
dependent on the nature of the solute but depends
only on the number is moles of the solute. Thus, this
elevation in boiling point is a colligative property.
 Bibliography
Chemistry textbook for class XII, part-1, NCERT
Chemistry Laboratory Manual for class XII, NCERT
www.wikipedia.org