حماية النظم الكهربائيه

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ã¹]<gè…‚jÖ]æ<ËÖ]<Üé×Ãj×Ö<íÚ^ÃÖ]<í‰‰ö¹]
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬
٢٥٥
 ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬        ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ،  
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

?   ?  ? ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ? ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬      
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
١
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬  


-١-
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ W    
 ٢٥٥  W   ‫א‬
   W   
 ‫א‬‫א‬  W ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٣  WELF
 E٢H٢F٤ W   ‫א‬
-٢-
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

  W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ .١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ .٣

 K٪٩٠‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ELFW‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬١K١
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬
  ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬         ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   E NormalF  •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  E Relays F  •
 ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬FAbnormal ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  Normally Open Contact (NOC) ‫א‬ •

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  Normally Closed Contact (NCC)  •

‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
  K   E‫א‬ ‫א‬  F    E‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
   K ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬        
K‫א‬‫א‬
Primary Relays ‫א‬‫• א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
-٥-
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
Secondary Relays ‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Electromagnetic Relays ‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬

Static Relays ‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬‫א‬    (semi-conductors) ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
  (slave devices) ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Main Relays ‫א‬‫• א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 Back-Up Relays ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬        ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Selectivity ‫• א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  E‫א‬F ‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
Sensitivity ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Consistency ‫• א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Operating Time‫א‬ •
   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Instantaneous Relays ‫א‬‫• א‬
     E‫א‬  F  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K٠١‫א‬

Time-delay Relay ‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬

Over Current Relays ‫א‬ •
     ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬

 Definite time-Current Relay‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

 Inverse-time-Current Relays‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬( I . t = k) ‫א‬‫א‬
-٧-
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٣
 Inverse-definite time Relay
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

E‫א‬F‫א‬٣K١
 E‫א‬ F ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ، ‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
   K‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  E٪ ٢ W١F  ‫א‬   ‫א‬    K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K “Electric Brain”‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  E‫א‬F ‫א‬
     ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

-٨-
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫ א‬K٥

 ‫א‬

Fuses ‫א‬‫• א‬
Circuit Breakers ‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
Relays‫• א‬
Lightning Arrestors‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  KE‫א‬F ‫א‬  ‫א‬
KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬




-٩-
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬٤K١
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬   ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 (Distance Relay type reactance)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬
V
Sin φ
٪٢ ( I )‫א‬‫א‬(Cos Φ)
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬     ‫א‬  
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
(Current Transformer)‫א‬(Potential Transformer) ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬       ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  K١
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   K     ‫א‬ 
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
( Sensing element)          
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  K ( Control element)   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Protective Relays) ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١١F‫א‬
(Feeders) ‫א‬    (Bus-Bars) ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   E‫א‬F ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 (auxiliary switch)‫א‬‫א‬ (Trip Coil t.c.)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬    K‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬     K‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬     
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬
       ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ (L/R)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
- ١١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ (a)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K(rest)‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ﻗﻀﻴﺐ اﻟﺘﻮزﻳﻊ‬
a
b
c
‫اﺗﺠﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻃﻊ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻒ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺎرﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻮل‬

‫اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻬﺪ‬
P.T
‫ﻣﺤﻮل اﻟﺘﻴﺎر‬
CT
‫اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة اﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻞ‬
‫ﻗﻀﻴﺐ ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ‬
‫اﻟﺠﻬﺪ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻮي‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬E١J ١F‫א‬
- ١٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦K١
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬    ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬K ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Selectivity ‫א‬١K٦K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   K‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 E٢ ١F‫א‬
 K،


G G
‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢١F
- ١٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
    ‫א‬  K‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬  ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ( over lapping)‫א‬‫א‬   K
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬  ‫א‬   E٣  ١F ‫א‬  K‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬  E٣  ١F ‫א‬   KE٢  ١F  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬ Metal clad type‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
E٤ ١F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ٥‫א‬ ٤   ٣‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

- ١٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣١F


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤١F


- ١٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 Speed of operation ‫א‬٢K٦K١

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬    ،‫א‬  ‫א‬
K‫א‬،‫א‬‫ א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 ٠{١٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬E ٠{١٢ ٠{١F
 K ‫א‬٣١{٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٠{٣
‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬
،‫א‬E٠{١٥٠{٠٦F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬٠{١٤٠{٠٥‫א‬‫א‬٠{٢
‫א‬٠{٠٨‫א‬٠{١٢‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬   ٠{٢  ٠{١    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ٠{٠٤ 
K‫א‬ ٠{٠٤ ٠{٠٢‫א‬‫א‬
      ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ١٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
Sensitivity ‫א‬٣K٦K١
K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬    K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K(Back – up protection)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Reliability ‫א‬٤K٦K١
  ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬        ‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬        ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
K‫א‬

  Stability ‫א‬‫א‬٥K٦K١
 EF     ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
   K‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 Main and Back-up Protection‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٧K١

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
      E٤  ١F  K ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥

- ١٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

  W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٥

   W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٪٩٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KELFW‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
    ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
      ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ١٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ١K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
      ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬     K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
F ‫א‬  ‫א‬        ‫א‬    K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬
 Components of Protective System‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢K٢

 W‫א‬‫א‬
Fuses ‫א‬‫ א‬K١
Circuits Breakers (C.B.) ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
Relays ‫ א‬K٣
Current Transformers (C.T.) ‫א‬ K٤
Potential Transformers (P.T. or V.T.) ‫א‬ K٥
Lightning or Surge Arrestors ‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬
- ٢٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 Fuses‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 Fuses‫א‬‫א‬٣K٢
 ١K٣K٢
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K
‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬        ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ٢٠ ١٥‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ٪١١٠   ‫א‬‫א‬   K 
(Transient ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،
( Interruption Capacity)‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ Recovery Voltage)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Fuse holder ‫א‬ •
Fuse base ‫א‬ •
Fuse carrier ‫א‬ •
Fuse link ‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


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‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
Fuse link ‫א‬K١

‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
(Arc  ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬   (Cartridge) ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Extinction)
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   K ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K element ‫א‬
 K
Current Rating‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ (In) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 K‫א‬‫א‬
(Minimum Fusing Current) ‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬L‫א‬
(Fusing Factor) ‫א‬ K٥
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬FZ‫א‬
Pre – Arcing Time ‫א‬ K٦
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬
Arcing Time ‫א‬ K٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬ K٨
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
K‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬L‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬H‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢K٣K٢
 W‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K١
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K(Recovery voltage)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
‫א‬‫א‬٣K٣K٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Powder Filled Fuses ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
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‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 Miniature Fuses ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٢

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Semi-enclosed Fuses ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 Expulsion Fuses ‫א‬‫א‬K٤
 Power Fuses ‫א‬‫א‬K٥
    ‫א‬           ‫א‬ 
 (Liquid quenched fuses)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Distribution break Fuses‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٦
  ‫א‬‫א‬          ‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K٦٦٠‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ( Non-Current Limiting Fuses)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K

 (Current Limiting Fuses) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 ( Non-Current Limiting Fuses) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
K‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ( Expulsion Fuses) ‫א‬‫א‬K١
‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K   ،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (٤٠٠٠ – ٥٠٠٠ ºK) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
- ٢٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 K‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
٣٠٠٠‫א‬ ( Pole – Mounted Transformers) ‫א‬ ‫א‬
   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   K
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  K‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 ( Vacuum Fuses) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 (Current Limiting Fuses) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ( Prospective Peak Current) ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬(Cut - Off Current)‫א‬‫א‬ (ID)KE١٢F
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ K ‫א‬
   ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  K‫א‬
 K( I٢ t)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٢٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
I ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ ﻟﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻊ‬

Ip
Irms
ID tm = ‫زﻣﻦ اﻻﻧﺼﻬﺎر‬
ta = ‫زﻣﻦ دوام اﻟﻘﻮس‬
tc =‫زﻣﻦ إزاﻟﺔ اﻟﻘﻮس‬
T
tm ta
tc
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٢F

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
( High     ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬     K‫א‬
 KRupturing Capacity – HRC- Fuses)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  K          E  ‫א‬F
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ،‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ( Dual Element)     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬    E٢ ٢F ‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٢٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬E٢٢F‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  K‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE٣٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


 ‫א‬‫א‬E٣٢F‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
K ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
K‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ E‫א‬‫א‬  F ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬IEC – ٢٨٢ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤K٣K٢
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ID ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬  KE٤  ٢F     ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬
    ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  E٤  ٢F ‫א‬   ، ١٠٠ A   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ٢٠ kA
- ٢٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬K‫א‬ ٥٣{٨ kA  ١١{٥ kA ‫א‬‫א‬

 K ٤{٢ kA ‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤٢F‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٦ ٢FE٥ ٢F‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
- ٢٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 E٦٦٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥٢F‫א‬

- ٣٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


 ( ١١ kV)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦٢F‫א‬

( ± ٥ to ١٠ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬K% )
 K‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W
‫א‬ ( ٢{٥ to ٣{٠)‫א‬ ( Imin)‫א‬
 K‫א‬

- ٣١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥K٣K٢

    ‫א‬‫א‬  E  F   ‫א‬       ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢ ( I٢tc) ‫א‬‫א‬ ،E٧ ٢F‫א‬
‫א‬ ١‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬ ١ ( I٢tm) ‫א‬
K٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
tm
tc

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٧٢F‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
(Selectivity Ratio  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫ א‬K١
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ١  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   K‫א‬ ‫א‬  Tables)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١ : ١{٢٥ and ١ : ٣ ‫א‬ ٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬  F ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
‫א‬‫א‬ E‫א‬‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ١‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٣٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٨٢F‫א‬٢
K
t ٢ ١
‫ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻰ اﻻﻧﺼﻬﺎر‬
‫ﻣﻨﺤﻨﻰ اﻹزاﻟﺔ‬
I

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٨٢F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣

    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١ ٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KEF‫א‬
(  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ( I Nmin) ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
( INmax)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Magnitizing Inrush Current)

‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ E٤٠٠ V F  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ E٢  ٢ F ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬E١٠ – ١٢ kVF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٣٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
E١٢F
‫א‬‫א‬E١٠ – ١٢ kVF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

I
 Nmax EF  INminEF  EkVAF‫א‬
 ١٦  ١٦ ٥٠
 ٤٠  ٢٥  ١٠٠
 ٦٣  ٤٠  ٢٠٠
 ٦٣  ٢٥  ٢٥٠
 ١٠٠  ٦٣  ٤٠٠
 ١٠٠  ٦٣  ٥٠٠
 ١٦٠  ٦٣  ٦٣٠
 ٢٠٠  ١٠٠  ٨٠٠
 ٢٠٠  ١٠٠ ١٠٠٠
 E٢٢F
 E١٠ – ١٢ kVF‫א‬‫א‬E٤٠٠ VF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

١٠٠٠ ٨٠٠  ? ٥٠٠ ٤٠٠ ٢٥٠ ٢٠٠ ١٦٠ ١٢٥ ٨٠ 
EF
٢٠٠ ١٦٠ ١٦٠ ١٠٠ ١٠٠ ٦٣ ٤٠ ٢٥ ٢٥ ٦٠ 
EF
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     E٢  ٢F  ‫א‬  W Ea ٩  ٢F   •
‫א‬E١٢F‫א‬K١٠٠٤٠٠
K‫א‬‫א‬
- ٣٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
١٦٠‫א‬‫א‬E٢٢F‫א‬WEb٩٢F •
‫א‬E ١٠٠F‫א‬‫א‬ ١٦٠  E١ ٢F‫א‬K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K٢٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WEc٩٢F‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬E١٢F‫א‬٤٠‫א‬‫א‬
  ٢٥٠ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  KE  ٦٣ F  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
١١kV ١١kV
٥٠٠kVA ١٠٠٠kVA
x=٠٫٠٦ pu x=٠٫٠٦ pu
Ip =٢٦ A Ip =٥٢٫٥ A
Is = ٧٦٠ A Is = ١٥١٩ A
٣٨٠V
٤X٢٠٠ ? ٨٠٠A ٤X٤٠٠A

٤X٢٥٠?
 E٩٢F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦K٣K٢

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٠٢F K١
KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
- ٣٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬١٠٠‫א‬ J
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١١٢FK٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬٧٠‫א‬ J
‫ﻗﺎﻃﻊ‬
≥ ١٠٠ ms
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٠٢F‫א‬

- ٣٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫ﻗﺎﻃﻊ‬
≥ ٧٠ ms
I

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١١٢F‫א‬
 KE١٢٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

٢٠٠A
.‫م‬.‫ﻣﺼﻬﺮ ج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻮل‬ .‫م‬.‫ﻗﺎﻃﻊ ج‬
١١kV
٥٠٠kVA
Ip =٢٦ A
Is = ٧٦٠ A
٣٨٠V
Isc=١٢kA
E١٢٢F‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ KE١٣ ٢F‫א‬
 K٣٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٣٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ١٢٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٣٢F

- ٣٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K٦٣, ١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٢F‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K‫א‬     ‫א‬
 K١٠٠‫א‬١٠٠‫א‬


- ٣٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤K٢
 ١K٤K٢
 (Switchgear)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K           ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
W‫א‬ K١
( Disconnect Switches)‫א‬ Ea
K(Load – Break Switches)‫א‬ Eb
(Circuit  ‫א‬       ‫א‬      K٢
 KBreaker)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    Ea
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   Eb
K
K‫א‬‫א‬ Ec

K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ K ‫א‬        E  F ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬ F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢K٤K٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Rated Voltage ‫א‬‫א‬K١
KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬
Rated Frequency ‫א‬‫א‬K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Rated Insulation Voltage ‫א‬‫א‬K٣
‫א‬    K‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
Rated Power Frequency Withstand Voltage‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٤
K‫א‬  ( ٥٠ or ٦٠ Hz) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   
‫א‬    ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K 
 K‫א‬
Rated Impulse Withstand Voltage ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٥
K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Rated Continuous Current ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
- ٤٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
Rated Breaking Current ‫א‬‫א‬K٧

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 (٠{٢ and ٠{٢٥)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Rated Making Current ‫א‬‫א‬K٨
‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Rated Short – Time Current ‫א‬‫א‬K٩

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬  
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬٣K٤ K٢
‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬      
 K‫א‬
(١٠{٠٠٠ to ‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬K ( ١٠ Ω.m)‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٠{٠٠٠ Cº)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬      ‫א‬ 
K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 ،‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
  ١٠٠‫א‬ ‫א‬  ( ٢٠ V/cm)‫א‬  ،   ‫א‬‫א‬
 K١٠ ‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬    E ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   F    ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬EF
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬E١٤٢F‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 (Blow-Out Coil)‫א‬‫א‬

X X
‫اﻟﺘﻼﻣﺴﺎت‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٤٢F
 ‫א‬‫א‬EF
‫א‬K (Arc Splitters)‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE١٥ ٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 E١٥٢F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬٤K٤K٢

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Air Circuit Breakers ‫א‬‫א‬ K١
Minimum – Oil Circuit Breakers ‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
Vacuum Circuit Breakers ‫א‬ K٣
Sulpher Hexafluoride (SF٦) C. B. ‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
Air – Blast Circuit Breakers ‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Low Voltage C.B. E١٠٠٠ VF‫א‬ Ea
Medium Voltage C.B.E٣٣kV١kVF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Eb
High-Voltage C..B E٢٤٠kV٣٣kVF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Ec
Extra High Voltage C.B. E٢٤٠ kVF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Ed


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‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥K٤K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   K    ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬   
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

(Moulded -Case Circuit Breakers) ‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K      ‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬        ‫א‬‫א‬  
 ١٢٠٠ A   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    K      ‫א‬
E١٦٢F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ١٠{٠٠٠ A‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 EF‫א‬E١٦٢F
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‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
(Low Voltage Power Circuit Breakers) ‫א‬‫א‬ K٢

 ‫א‬‫א‬ (Modular Design) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬    ‫א‬     ١٣٠{٠٠٠ ‫א‬   ٤٠٠٠  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٧٢F‫א‬K‫א‬

 EF‫א‬‫א‬E١٧٢F

 K‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

(Current – Limiting Breakers) ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬Ea
،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KE١٨ ٢F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
(Cut - off Current)‫א‬ Ic‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ١٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬    E‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   F 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
I
‫ﻗﺎﻃﻊ ﻣﺤﺪد‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻴﺎر‬
‫ﻗﺎﻃﻊ ﻋﺎدي‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬E١٨٢F

(Non-Current Limiting Breakers) ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬Eb
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥٠‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ Total Breaking Time (Tb)‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Tripping Time (Tt)‫א‬  K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ Operating Time (to) ‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Arcing Time (ta) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٤٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   ( Delayed Thermal Release)   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  K١
K‫א‬
(Short –      ( Instantaneous)     K٢
KTime Delay)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬  ( ٣٠ – ٧٠ %)   ‫א‬   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(tripping Characteristics)‫א‬‫א‬ E٢٣ ٢F E١٩ ٢F‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬     K‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫اﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷﻋﻈﻢ‬

‫ﻟﻺﻋﺘﺎق اﻟﺤﺮاري‬
‫إﻋﺘﺎق ﻓﻮري‬
‫اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷدﻧﻰ‬
‫ﻟﻺﻋﺘﺎق اﻟﺤﺮاري‬
I١ I٢ (IR ‫اﻟﺘﻴﺎر )أﺿﻌﺎف اﻟﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻤﻘﻨﻦ‬
 H‫א‬E١٩٢F‫א‬
- ٥٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫اﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻧﻄﺎق اﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻴﺎر‬

(٢ – ١٠ ) IR
(IR ‫اﻟﺘﻴﺎر ) أﺿﻌﺎف اﻟﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻤﻘﻨﻦ‬



 H‫א‬E٢٠٢F‫א‬

‫ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬
٠٫٥ sec
٠٫٠٣ sec
(IR ‫اﻟﺘﻴﺎر ) أﺿﻌﺎف اﻟﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻤﻘﻨﻦ‬


 ‫א‬H‫א‬E٢١٢F‫א‬
- ٥١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
٠٫٥ sec
٠٫٠٣ sec
I٣ (IR ‫اﻟﺘﻴﺎر ) أﺿﻌﺎف اﻟﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻤﻘﻨﻦ‬
H‫א‬H‫א‬E٢٢٢F‫א‬
≈١٥ In (IR ‫اﻟﺘﻴﺎر ) أﺿﻌﺎف اﻟﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻤﻘﻨﻦ‬
‫א‬FHH‫א‬E٢٣٢F‫א‬
 E‫א‬
- ٥٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦K٤K٢
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
      K‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E٢٤٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ E٢٤٢F‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬   K   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 E٢٥٢F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠EaF‫א‬‫א‬ 
٢‫א‬‫א‬٢ and ٣ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
X   X  ١
  X  X  ٢
 X  X  X  ٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٤٢F‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬E٢٥٢F‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٧K٤K٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Oil Circuit Breakers ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Bulk Oil Circuit Breakers ‫א‬‫א‬ J
Minimum Oil Circuit Breakers ‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٢٦ ٢F‫א‬K‫א‬
 K

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‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


 EF‫א‬E٢٦٢F‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬aE٢٧٢F‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
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‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬WK
  ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
٢FF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KEb٢٧
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،  ‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
E٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EC٢٧٢F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ٤{٦ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬E٢٧٢F
  ‫א‬         ‫א‬‫א‬    
E٢٨ ٢F‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
١٢ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ١٠{٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ kV, ٣١{٥ kA
 K‫א‬

- ٥٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٨٢F

 Vacuum Circuit Breakers ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٩ ٢F‫א‬
 ، ١٠ ٧ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬    K ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ، ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٩ ٢F‫א‬
 ٢F K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٣٠
- ٥٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 EF‫א‬‫א‬E٢٩٢F

- ٥٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


 EF‫א‬E٣٠٢F

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٠{٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٠٠‫א‬
 ٣٠{٠٠٠‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٢٨ ٢F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K١٢ kV, ٣١{٥ kA‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  E‫א‬  F   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
Sulphur Hexafluoride (SF٦)‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

- ٦٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 (SF٦ Circuit Breakers) ‫א‬‫א‬٨K٤K٢

   ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
L ٦٫٠٧ ‫ هﻲ‬٢٠ Cº‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬E٣١ ٢F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KSF٦ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬SF٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣١٢F

( electro-‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬      negativity)
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬        ‫א‬       
‫א‬ESF٤ , SF٢ , SF٢ ,….F‫א‬‫א‬
 SF٦ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٦١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ( SF٦) ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ SF٦ E٣٢ ٢F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٣{٥‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬


 ‫א‬E٣٢٢F

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EaF‫א‬K‫א‬E٣٣٢F‫א‬
 K (٦) ‫א‬ ‫א‬ (٤),(٥) ‫א‬ ‫א‬ (٣) ‫א‬ ‫א‬  (١),(٢) ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ (٣),(٤)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬  (b)‫א‬
 (١٠)‫א‬‫א‬  (٩)‫א‬ ‫א‬  SF٦ ‫א‬   (٧),(٨) ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٦٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬E٣٣٢F
 ‫א‬(c)،‫א‬(b)،‫א‬(a)

٢٠٠٠ – ٤٠٠٠  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ١٠ – ٢٠   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٤٢F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K١٢ kV, ٢٥ kA ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- ٦٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


 SF٦‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٤٢F
- ٦٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬٥K٢
 ١K٥K٢
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
    ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٥٢F‫א‬K

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٥٢F‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬ K٥
K K٦
K K٧
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٨
٢ ٣
٥ ١
٧ ٦
 E٣٥٢F
- ٦٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢K٥K٢
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬   K   ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ K١
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ٧‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬   K ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬     
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ (interlock)
 K‫א‬

- ٦٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
  K ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ K١
K(VI cosΦ)‫א‬، K٢
V/I‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ K٣
KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ K٤

 ‫א‬‫א‬٣K٥K٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬

Thermal Relays        ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
Electromagnetic - Attracted - Relays‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
Electromagnetic Induction Relays‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
Static Relays        ‫א‬‫ א‬K٤

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬     
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Induction relays‫א‬‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Φ٢‫ و‬Φ١     ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬     K‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 W α ‫א‬‫א‬ Φ٢‫ و‬Φ١T‫א‬
T α Φ١ Φ١ sin α

- ٦٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
.α‫א‬
(shaded –  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KPole)
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٦٢F‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ _‫א‬K‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K٤٠º – ٤٥ º ‫א‬α‫א‬

 E٣٦٢F‫א‬

‫א‬،E٣٧٢F‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  K   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   E٣٨  ٢F
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  α‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ 
 K

- ٦٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


 E٣٧٢F



 E٣٨٢F


- ٦٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

T١ = k١I٢    ‫א‬،T١‫א‬ K١
T٢ = k١ I٠٢   ،T ٢‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬I٠
T٣ = k٢ (d/t)    ‫א‬T٣‫א‬ K٣

‫א‬ E tF ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬E d F
 KE‫א‬F
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 T = k١ I٢ – k١ I٠٢ – k٢ (d / t)
 W،T = ٠ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K١ ( I٢ – I٠٢) = k٢ ( d / t)
 W
T = k d ( I٢ – I٠٢)
 ‫א‬    I٠ and d      ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬ KE٣٩  ٢F      ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
K(Inverse – Time Relays) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٧٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
I٠ I
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٩٢F
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬        K‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ K١
‫א‬ ( Time Multiplier Setting)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٠{٥ & ١١
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬E٤٠ ٢F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٧١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤٠٢F
 EF

 ‫א‬‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬

- ٧٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬     K‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ E٤١  ٢F  
K‫א‬  ‫א‬ E١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ E٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٤F‫א‬
 ‫א‬E٥F‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬E٧F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬KE٨F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٩F

٢ 
٦
١ ٣ ٤ ٥ ٧


‫ إﺷﺎرة اﻟﺨﺮج‬.٦ ‫ داﺋﺮة ﻗﻴﺎس‬.١
 ٨
‫ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ اﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ‬. ٧ ‫ إﺷﺎرات اﻟﻘﻴﺎس‬.٢
‫ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ اﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔ‬.٨ ‫ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ اﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬.٣
١  ‫ ﻣﺼﺪر ﺟﻬﺪ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬.٩ ‫ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ اﻟﻘﻴﺎس‬.٤
‫ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﺔ داﺋﺮة اﻟﻘﻴﺎس‬.١٠ ‫ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ اﻟﺨﺮج‬.٥

٩

 ‫א‬E٤١٢F
- ٧٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬E٤٢ ٢F
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬EB‫א‬‫א‬F V١‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  VE‫א‬ V١K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ VE V١‫א‬‫א‬K C‫א‬ E‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ﻣﻠﻒ إﻋﺘﺎق اﻟﻘﺎﻃﻊ‬
C
B
+
V١ E
- VE
+
‫داﺋﺮة إﻋﺘﺎق اﻟﻘﺎﻃﻊ‬

 ‫א‬E٤٢٢F

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K١
٢F‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬
KE٤٣
‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬  K٢
KEC – L
KER – C ‫א‬F‫א‬ K٣
- ٧٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫اﻟﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮج‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤٣٢F

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤٤٢F‫א‬
   F ‫א‬       ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
    KEC١ & R١   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
K C٢ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ R٢ ‫א‬ T١ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ P ‫א‬‫א‬ T١  
KTR ‫א‬‫א‬T٢ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ T١ ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ D‫א‬‫א‬ Th ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
+Vc
T
R١
‫اﻟﺪﺧﻞ‬ D
‫ﻣﻦ‬ C١ T١ TR
‫اﻟﻤﺤﻮل‬ P
‫اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ‬ R٢
C٢
‫اﻟﻤﺤﻮل اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪ‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬E٤٤٢F
- ٧٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 Over Current (O/C) Protection ‫א‬‫א‬٤K٥K٢

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
        ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KEa٤٥٢F‫א‬
K (Inverse – Definite – Minimum Time Relay; IDMT) ‫א‬    
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Eb ٤٥ ٢F‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬   Eb ٤٥  ٢F  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬،‫א‬
   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ ﻣﺤﺪدة ﻟﻠﺰﻣﻦ‬.٣
‫ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ ﺷﺪﻳﺪة‬.٢
‫ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ ﻓﺎﺋﻘﺔ‬.١
 ‫א‬EaF
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‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 EbF
 ‫א‬E٤٥٢F
- ٧٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬
KE٤٦٢F
‫ﻗﺎﻃﻊ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة‬
‫اﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﻤﺤﻤﻲ‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬E٤٦٢F

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  K‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬   
 W‫א‬‫א‬

KE١٠٠٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
‫א‬E٥٠٠ kVA F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K(differential Protection) ‫א‬
K(Impedance Protection)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
- ٧٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Time grading ‫א‬‫א‬K
Current grading ‫א‬K
(IDMT   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬K
KRelays)
 Components of Induction Type O/C Relay ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫ א‬ E٤٧  ٢F ‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W Tap Block‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EF‫א‬W Shading Ring‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬W Damping Magnet‫א‬ ‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬WTime Dial‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬W Spring ‫• א‬
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  W C.T.‫א‬ •
W‫א‬
- ٧٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
١A or ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K٥A
‫א‬    ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬



‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤٧٢F
‫א‬ ١٢٥ %  ١ A W
٤٠٠٠ A‫א‬ ٤٠٠ : ١ ‫א‬K T.M.S = ٠{٦‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬KE٤٨٢F
F
٤٠٠٠ A
C.B.
R
 E٤٨٢F
- ٨٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬

 I = ٤٠٠٠ / ٤٠٠ = ١٠ A    ‫א‬‫א‬
 I٠ = ١ * (١٢٥ / ١٠٠) = ١{٢٥ A ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 I / I٠ = (١٠ / ١{٢٥) = ٨ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

t = ٢ Seconds ‫א‬E٤٩٢F‫א‬

 E٤٩٢F

Distance Relays‫א‬‫א‬٥K٥K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
k\ V٢ F        ‫א‬  ‫א‬    E k I٢ F   
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬E
- ٨١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
2
k I f k′ V 2
2
V k
p
I k′
k
Z p
k′
k
 k′ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬E٥٠ ٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
k
K‫א‬ k , k′  k′ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
k
k′ r=
-R ‫اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻞ‬ R
‫ﻳﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻞ‬
‫ﻻﻳﻌﻤﻞ‬
-X

 ‫א‬‫א‬E٥٠٢F

- ٨٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
Directional Relays ‫א‬‫א‬٦K٥K٢

KE٥٠ ٢F‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥١
 W‫א‬

 T = V I Cos (φ - θ)

 V‫א‬I‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ φ 
K‫א‬φ‫א‬‫א‬θ
‫ﻣﺴﺎر اﻟﻌﺰم = ﺻﻔﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺠﻬﺪ‬
٩٠- θ
θ
‫اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻞ ﻻ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫اﺗﺠﺎﻩ اﻟﺘﻴﺎر‬
‫اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﻷﻗﺼﻰ ﻋﺰم‬
‫ﻳﻌﻤﻞ‬

‫א‬‫א‬EF

- ٨٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
-R R
‫اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻞ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ‬

‫هﺬا اﻻﺗﺠﺎﻩ‬
-X
‫اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻞ ﻻ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻓﻲ هﺬا اﻻﺗﺠﺎﻩ‬

 ‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥١٢F

Directional Over Current Protection ‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Method of Operation for Directional Relays   ‫א‬‫א‬
EF Induction Relay‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬E٥٠٢F
- ٨٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
Φv
T+ve
Φc
Ir
Vr
Vr
Φr
ψ
α
Ir ,Φc
Iv ,Φv
 ‫א‬E٥٠٢F

 φc Ir ‫א‬ φv Vr‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬
T = k١ φv . φc. Sin ( φv, φc)
T = k١ φv . φc. Sin ( φ)
- ٨٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ φ

 W‫א‬
T = k١ φv . φc. Sin ( ٩٠ – ( φr + α)
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬φr
T = k١ φv . φc. Cos ( φr + α)
So, T = k٢ Vr . Ir. Cos ( φr + α)

 W‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EαF
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
α = ٩٠º , So; T = k٢ Vr . Ir. Sin φr

W‫א‬ Active Power Relay ‫א‬‫א‬ •
α = ٠º , So; T = k٢ Vr . Ir. Cos φr
 W‫א‬
T = k٢ Vr . Ir. Cos ( φr + α)
 K‫א‬‫א‬φr‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  φr‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
- ٨٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٣
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

  W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤

 K٪٨٠‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ELF٤W‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 ‫א‬‫א‬
- ٨٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ١K٣
     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ( Parallel Circuits)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (Ring Systems) ‫א‬‫א‬
( Single Source ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫ א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    KRadial Circuits)
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬٢K٣
 J W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١K٢K٣
Protection of Double Source Radial Networks
 ‫א‬             E١  ٣F ‫א‬ 
‫א‬ A & E ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ D, C, B 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬K‫א‬
Circuit Breaker
A B C D E
C.B

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٣F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٨٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Ea ٢ ٣F‫א‬‫א‬

A‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K A ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K٠{٢ secD ‫א‬١{٤ sec A ‫א‬‫א‬
B ١{٤ sec  E ‫א‬ E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KEb٢٣F٠{٤ sec ٠{٢ sec
A ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Ec٢٣F
،٠{٤ sec‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K& E
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
A B C D E
١٫٤ sec ١٫٠ sec ٠٫٦ sec

٠٫٢ sec

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Ea٢٣F
B C D E
٠٫٢ sec ٠٫٦ sec ١٫٠ sec ١٫٤ sec

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Eb٢٣F
- ٨٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬
A B C D E
١٫٤ ٠٫٢ ١٫٠ ٠٫٦ ٠٫٦ ١٫٠ ٠٫٢ ١٫٤

 ‫א‬‫א‬Ec٢٣F

- ٨٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Ec ٣ ٢F  W

 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 W‫א‬
B‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Ec٣٢F‫א‬ K١
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬  D ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬ B , C, D ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Ec٣٢F‫א‬ K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
B ‫א‬‫א‬BC‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  K ٠{٦ sec    C   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ١ sec
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ٠{٢ sec ‫א‬ B ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬B ‫א‬


- ٩٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢K٢K٣
 Protection of Single In-feed Ring Systems
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣ ٣F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
KEb٣٣FEa٣٣F
B١ B٢
B
C١
C
C٢
Infeed A٢
A
A١
D D١
E
E٢ D٢
E١

E٣٣F

A B C D E
١٫٨ sec ١٫٤ sec ١٫٠ sec ٠٫٦ sec ٠٫٢ sec
A٢ B٢ C٢ D٢ E٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Ea٣٣F
- ٩١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
B C D E A
٠٫٦ sec 1.0 sec ١٫٤ sec ١٫٨ sec

٠٫٢ sec
B١ C١ D١ E١ A١

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Eb٣٣F
٠{٢, ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٠{٤ sec ‫א‬‫א‬
٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٠{٦, ١{٠, ١{٤, and ١{٨ sec
‫א‬   E‫א‬ F ‫א‬   ‫א‬  A   ‫א‬  KEc ٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KA١ & A٢ ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
٠٫٢ sec ١٫٤ sec
B١ ٠٫٦ sec
B٢
C١
١٫٠ sec
١٫٨ sec C٢
Infeed A٢
A١
١٫٨ sec
D١
E٢
D٢
١٫٠ sec
E١
٠٫٢ sec
٠٫٦ sec
١٫٤ sec

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Ec٣٣F
- ٩٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬E٤٣F‫א‬
١ ٢ F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬A‫א‬
      E٤ ٥ ٦ ٧ ٨F ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ E ٣
 AK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
١{٠ sec ٣‫א‬٠{٦ sec ٤‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٠٫٢ sec ١٫٠ sec
١٫٤ sec A
٢ ٣
١
Load ١ ٤ ٠٫٦
Infeed sec
Load ٣ ٥ ٠٫٦
١٫٤ sec
Load ٢
٨ ٠٫٢ sec ١٫٠ sec
٧ ٦

 ‫א‬E٤٣F

 Protection of Parallel Lines   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣K٢K٣
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٥ ٣F
 K B,D   ‫א‬   ‫א‬      K‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
D ‫א‬C ‫א‬B‫א‬A ‫א‬KA, C‫א‬
K٠{٤ sec ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٩٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
A B
٠٫٦ sec ٠٫٢ sec Load

Infeed
C D
٠٫٦ sec ٠٫٢ sec
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥٣F

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣K٣
A, B, C F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٦٣F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E& D
 W‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KEA‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ٠{٣ to ٠{٤ sec‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬٠{٢ secA‫א‬F١ 
E٧٣F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬KKKKKKKK٠{٥ sec B‫א‬F٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬     
‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٩٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
٥ ٤ ٣ ٢ ١
D C B A
X X X X
F٤ F٣ F٢ F١
 ‫א‬E٦٣F

١٫١ sec
٠٫٨ sec
٠٫٥ sec
٠٫٢ sec
‫ﻣﻮﺿﻊ اﻟﺨﻄﺄ‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬E٧٣F

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬        ‫א‬     
 K‫א‬
- ٩٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W٢
٦٦ kV ‫א‬  ‫א‬ KE٦  ٣F  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
 W‫א‬
X٢٣ = ٠{٠٥ XG = ٠{٨ X١٢ = ٠{٠٥
X٤٥ = ٠{٢ X٣٤ = ٠{١٢٥

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
IF = (V / √٣) * XF
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬XF
F٣ A‫א‬ F٢  E٨ ٣F‫א‬‫א‬
 KF٤, F٥ , F٦ , F٧ K

٥ ٤ ٣ ٢ ١
D C B A
x x x x
F٧ F٥ F٣
F٨ F٦ F٤ F٢ F١
 ٢‫א‬E٨٣F

IF٨ = ٦٦٠٠٠ / ( √٣ *(٠{٨)) = ٤٧٦٣٣ A.
IF٧ ≈ IF٦ = ٦٦٠٠٠ / ( √٣ *(٠{٨ + ٠{٢ )) = ٣٨١٠٦ A.
IF٥ ≈ IF٤ = ٦٦٠٠٠ / ( √٣ *(٠{٨ + ٠{٢ + ٠{١٢٥)) = ٣٣٨٧٢ A.
IF٣ ≈ IF٢ = ٦٦٠٠٠ / ( √٣ *(٠{٨ + ٠{٢ + ٠{١٢٥ + ٠{٠٥)) = ٣٢٤٣١ A.
- ٩٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
IF١ = ٦٦٠٠٠ / ( √٣ *(٠{٨ + ٠{٢ + ٠{١٢٥ + ٠{٠٥ + ٠{٠٥)) = ٣١١٠٧ A.
- ٩٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬
  F١ & F٢  A‫• א‬
KEIA = IF١ = ٣١١٠٧ AF‫א‬
       F٣ & F٤   B‫• א‬
KEIB = IF٣ = ٣٢٤٣٢ AF‫א‬
       F٥ & F٦   C‫• א‬
KEIC = IF٥ = ٣٣٨٧٢ AF‫א‬
  F٧ & F٨  D‫• א‬
KEID = IF٧ = ٣٨١٠٦ AF‫א‬
A‫א‬‫א‬F٢K‫א‬‫א‬
K B‫א‬  IF٢ & IF٣
 KC‫א‬B‫א‬‫א‬F٤ 
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬٤K٣
‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬  K   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬       
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   W ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
 K‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬E٩ ٣F‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬
- ٩٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
١ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻮل‬ ٢ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻮل‬
١٣٫٨/٠٫٤ kV I I ١٣٫٨/٠٫٤ kV
‫ﻣﻔﺘﺎح ﻣﻐﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺘﺎح ﻣﻐﻠﻖ‬
‫ﻣﻐﺬﻳﺎت‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬EF
١ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻮل‬ ٢ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻮل‬
١٣٫٨/٠٫٤ kV I ١٣٫٨/٠٫٤ kV
‫ﻣﻔﺘﺎح ﻣﻐﻠﻖ‬
‫ﻣﻐﺬﻳﺎت‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬١‫א‬‫א‬٢‫א‬W‫א‬EF
 E٩٣F
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬         ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
    K‫א‬     ‫א‬      ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
- ٩٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F

 ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 ‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫ א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J
K‫א‬ J
- ١٠٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥K٣
  ‫א‬  K‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 (Arcing Faults)‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 ‫א‬ K١
 K٢
‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬‫ א‬K٤
 K‫ א‬K٥
 EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١K٥K٣
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  E١٠ ٣F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K     ‫א‬    K ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻞ اﻷرﺿﻲ‬

 ‫א‬E١٠٣F
‫א‬ ‫א‬       ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١١٣F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬       ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫ﻣﺮﺣﻞ اﻷرﺿﻲ‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١١٣F
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‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢K٥K٣
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K  ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
 F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬KE١٢ ٣F‫א‬
٠{٢   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ١٥٠٠
٤٠٠٠ ‫א‬‫א‬K٠{٣٣ ‫א‬٤٠٠٠ 
 K٥ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣٣ ‫א‬


 E١٢٣F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K(Core Balance Transformer) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
      ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬    K ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬      ‫א‬  K ‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦K٣
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬      ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
R١  ‫א‬  S١  ‫א‬ K ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  E١٣  ٣F ‫א‬ K
K R٢ ‫א‬  S٢ ‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

L١
F١
S١
υ
‫ ﻣﺤﺮك اﻟﻤﺮوﺣﺔ‬M
M١
S٢
R١ R٢
N


 ‫א‬‫א‬E١٣٣F
- ١٠٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

  W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣

 K٪٨٠‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ELF٤W‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٣
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٤

 W‫א‬‫א‬

   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬    K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
Transformers Protection ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ١K٤
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢{٥ MVA ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬ ٢{٥ MVA to ٥MVA ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬
 ( Harmonic Biased Differential Protection)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
(Induction Disc  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬
KRelay)
 Fault Types and their Effects ‫א‬‫א‬٢K٤
K‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬     
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٤F‫א‬
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬ K٣
K‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬ K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF K٦
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF K٧
K‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬ K٨
K‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬ K٩
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١٠
K‫א‬K١١
 K‫א‬K١٢
- ١٠٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٤F
 Differential Protection ‫א‬‫א‬٣K٤
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  Unit protection  ‫א‬     K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
Bus  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   Differential protection
 Kbars
- ١٠٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 Operation Theory ‫א‬‫א‬١K٣K٤

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K Merz – Price  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K
 E٣٤FE٢٤FK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

If
C.T C.T٢
١
If
‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ‬
I١ I٢
I١
R I١ – I٢ =٠
I٢
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬E٢٤F
If
C.T C.T٢
١
If
‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﻤﺤﻤﻴﺔ‬
I١ I٢
I١
R I١ – I٢ ≠٠
I٢

 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٤F
- ١٠٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ E٢ ٤F‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K CT١ , CT٢ ‫א‬‫א‬ Magnetising currents ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬       ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
 W‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
High impedance differential relays‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
 Biased differential relays ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢

- ١٠٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤K٤
Differential Protection of Power Transformer
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Separate winding differential protection ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K١
Overall winding differential protection ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
 Separate winding differential protection‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١K٤K٤
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE٤ ٤F‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
C.T١ , C.T٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬E٤ ٤F
 R٢ ‫א‬R١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
CT٣ S١
P١ CT١ IP IS
IP
IS ‫ﺣﻤﻞ آﻬﺮﺑﻲ‬
CT٤
CT٢
P٢ S٢
R١ R٢
IR١ = ٠ IR٢ = ٠

 ‫א‬E٤٤F
- ١٠٩ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬E٥ ٤F

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KR٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (IS) ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ (٨ – ١٠)   S‫א‬
‫א‬E imF‫א‬‫א‬ (Magnetising inrush current)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬R١ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ CT١ and CT٢
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

CT١ CT٣
P١ Im S١
IS = ٠
S
im
CT٢ CT٤
P٢ S٢
im
R
R
IR٢ = ٠
IR١ = ٠
 ‫א‬‫א‬E٥٤F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٦ ٤F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ CT٣ , CT٤ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬R١‫א‬‫א‬K( IR٢ = ٠) R٢

- ١١٠ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
P١ CT If CT٣ S١
IP
١
IfP if ‫ﺣﻤﻞ آﻬﺮﺑﻲ‬
CT٢ CT٤
P٢ S٢ If
R٢
R١
IR١ = ٠ IR٢ = ٠
 ‫א‬E٦٤F
‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬FX ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٧٤F
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ CT١ , CT٢ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  I١   I٢   Z   ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬R١‫א‬I١ , I٢ ‫א‬
P١ S١
i١
i١
x ‫ﺣﻤﻞ‬
‫آﻬﺮﺑﻲ‬
i٢
P٢
Z S٢
i٢
R١ R٢
i١+i٢

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٧٤F
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٨
- ١١١ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


 ‫א‬L‫א‬‫א‬E٨٤F

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
     ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬      •
 K
 Overall differential protection ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢K٤K٤
     ‫א‬‫א‬      ‫א‬   ‫א‬  
 ٤FE١١ ٤F،E١٠ ٤F،E٩ ٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١٢
- ١١٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬E٩٤F


 ‫א‬‫א‬E١٠٤F
- ١١٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١١٤F

 ‫א‬‫א‬E١٢٤F

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬KKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  •
K
CT١, -‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬CT٢
- ١١٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ CT١ , CT٢  •

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
CT١ , ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬CT٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٣٠º‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ∆ Υ K٢
KΥ∆‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
∆‫א‬ ∆  Υ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
Υ‫א‬∆‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Υ
 KE١٣٤F

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٣٤F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ١١٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W
‫א‬‫א‬ ٥٠٠ MVA‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬E١٣ ٤F‫א‬
 W‫א‬K٥٠٠ kV ‫א‬‫א‬٣٤{٥ kV
CT ١ , CT٤ ‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬A‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬K٢
 ‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
500 X106
= 577.35∠ 0
3 X 500 X1000 =
Ia
 EA ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
500 X 106
= 8367.165 ∠30 o
3 X 34.5 X 1000 Ia∆ =
 ٩٠٠٠ / ٥WCT١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

8367.165
= 4.65 A
 1800 CT١ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 CT١  ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
  4.65 ∠30 o = 4.026 + j2.325 A

  (٤{٦٥ A) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K(٤{٦٥ / √٣ )‫א‬‫א‬CT٤ 
 Ia = ٥٧٧{٣٥ A 
  CT٤ = - (٥٧٧{٣٥ / ٢{٦٨) = ١٠٧٧{١٦ : ٥ ‫א‬‫א‬
K١٠٠٠ : ٥ CT٤ ‫א‬‫א‬
577.35
=- = - 2.88 A
 200 CT٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 = - 2.88 3∠ 30o = 4.3249 + j2.497 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ١١٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
= I١ – I٢ = ٠{٢٩٨٩ + j٠{١٧٢ A ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
So, K١ = │I١ – I٢│= ٠٫٣٤٤ A
But, [(I١ +I٢ ) / ٢ ]= ٤٫١٧٥٤٥ + j ٤٫٨٢٢
So, K٢ = │(I١ + I٢ ) /٢│ = ٦٫٣٧٤ A
So, K١ / K٢ = ٠{٣٤٤ / ٦{٣٧٤ = ٠{٠٥٤ = ٥{٤ %
‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬ 
K = ١٠ ٥{٤ % K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K%

- ١١٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬٥K٤
E١٤K٤F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٤٤F

 Bucholoz Relay ‫א‬٦K٤
 Oil – filled transformers ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  conservator  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  E١٥  ٤F
 K‫א‬‫א‬Alarm ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
K ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬    K١
 H٢ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
    ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬  K CO ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   K  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬   KE ‫א‬ ‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   F ‫א‬ ‫א‬      K٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬
Main circuit  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Kbreaker
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KEO/C relay ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ K Preventive maintenance  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
 ‫א‬ H٢ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
KCO٢ ‫א‬ C٢H٢ ‫א‬C٢H٦ ‫א‬CH٤ ‫א‬CO ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
CH٢ , C٢H٤ ,   ‫א‬  K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  Arcing ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬Hot spotsC٢H٦, CO٢




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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 


 E١٥٤F

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٥
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

  W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣

 K٪٨٠‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ELF٤W‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬ K٢
 K‫א‬ K٣
- ١٢١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ١K٥
(prime Mover) ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

١٠kVA – ١{٧ MVA ‫א‬ •
١٠MVA – ١٥٠ MVA ‫א‬‫א‬ •
١٠٠ MVA – ٦٠٠ MVA ‫א‬ •
٥٠ MVA – ٣٠٠ MVA ‫א‬ •

         ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE١ ٥F
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 KE٢٥F
CB
G١
CB
‫إﻟﻲ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
G٢
G٣

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٥F

- ١٢٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
∆ Υ
G
١٣٫٨ kV ١٣٨ kV ‫إﻟﻲ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٥F
 Generators Faults‫א‬‫א‬٢K٥
  Mechanical Faults ‫א‬‫א‬١K٢K٥
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Electrical Faults ‫א‬‫א‬٢K٢K٥
 Stator Faults ‫א‬‫א‬W
K‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬     ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
- ١٢٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 Rotor Faults ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Open circuit ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
W‫א‬‫א‬
١٣{٨ – ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٥٠٠ V ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬K١
K٢٣ kV
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
 Other generators faults ٣K٢K٥
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Over load ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ under frequency  ‫א‬    •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
    ‫א‬ K‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬  •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬
 Stator Main Protection‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣K٥
  Differential Protection ‫א‬‫א‬١K٣K٥
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
KE٣٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ١٢٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬
CT١ Ia CT٤ Phase A
CT٢ Ib CT٥ Phase B
CT٦ Phase C
CT٣ Ic

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣٥F

 ‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬ ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
 E٣  ٥F   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K split winding   
  ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
KE٤٥F
- ١٢٥ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
N:١ ٢N : ١
Ia / ٢ Phase A
Ib / ٢ Phase B
Ic / ٢ Phase C
‫إﻟﻰ اﻟﻮﻗﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫إﻟﻰ اﻟﻮﻗﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺘﻔﺎﺿﻠﻴﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤٥F

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢K٣K٥
 Stator Protection by Earth Fault Relays
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K High resistance‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ CT‫א‬
 KE٥٥F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬٥, ١٠ kVA‫א‬‫א‬Kpotential transformer
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ K ١٠٠, ٥٠٠ V‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K ١٠٠, ٢٠٠ Ω‫א‬
 K١٠ A‫א‬‫א‬
- ١٢٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E٦٥FK١٠ V ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬Instantaneous‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ﻣﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﻌﻀﻮ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ‬ Phase
A
Phase
B
Phase
Ig C
CT R
‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﺗﺄرﻳﺾ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻞ زﻳﺎدة اﻟﺘﻴﺎر‬

‫ﻋﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻮﻗﺎﻳﺔ ﺿﺪ اﻟﻘﺼﺮ‬ Ig
‫اﻷرﺿﻲ‬
Ig

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥٥F
‫ﻣﻠﻔﺎت اﻟﻤﻮﻟﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻮل رﻓﻊ اﻟﺠﻬﺪ‬ A

B
C
CB
R R٢ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻞ زﻳﺎدة‬
‫اﻟﺠﻬﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ ﺗﺄرﻳﺾ‬
R١
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻞ زﻳﺎدة اﻟﺘﻴﺎر‬

‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻮع اﻟﻔﻮري‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٦٥F
- ١٢٧ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤K٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K Voltage controlled O/C Relay ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٧٥F
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ KE‫א‬ ٨٠ %F‫א‬
‫א‬  ٨٠ %       ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



‫א‬‫א‬E٧٥F
- ١٢٨ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥K٥
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Thermal Relay ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ Thermo - Couples
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Recording Devices 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٦
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

  W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣

 K٪٨٠‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ELF٤W‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢

 W‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬ K١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
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‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ١K٦
‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ٧ – ٨ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬    K ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ٨٠ %   ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ٥ – ٦  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Possible Motor Faults‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢K٦
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٢
Locked rotor ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
Unbalanced power supply ‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
Under Voltage ‫א‬ K٥
 Under current ‫א‬ K٦
- ١٣١ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣K٦
 Protection of medium size motors (٣٠٠ HP – ١٠٠٠ HP)

 ١٠٠٠ HP  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ٦FK ١٣{٨ kV  ‫א‬‫א‬ ٦٠٠ V
 K١٠٠٠ HP ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١

٣-Φ
supply
start
Fuse Fuse
stop
O/C
Fuse
O/C
R
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻞ زﻳﺎدة ﺟﻬﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻞ ﺣﺮاري اﻟﺘﻴﺎر‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺣﻞ زﻳﺎدة اﻟﺘﻴﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺘﺎﺑﻌﻴﺔ اﻟﺴﺎﻟﺒﺔ‬
M
 ١٠٠٠ HP‫א‬‫א‬E١٦F

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١K٣K٦
over F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٦F‫א‬
‫א‬ heating element ‫א‬‫א‬Eload
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ١٠٥ %  ‫א‬‫א‬KE٢ ٦F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢ ٦FK‫א‬
- ١٣٢ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
K ١٥ ‫א‬‫א‬ ٦ ‫א‬K ١٧ ١٠٠٠ Sec

   ‫א‬       ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ٢{٥  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٢ ٦FK‫א‬
‫א‬   ( over current O/C relay) ‫א‬       ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬١٨٠ %‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢٦F
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ٤٪  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
        ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ K‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
- ١٣٣ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  
‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ٢ – Φ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٠ %  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬ F ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K١
K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ contactors   K٢
K(High rupture capacity fuse (HRC))‫א‬‫א‬

- ١٣٤ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 Large motor protection ‫א‬‫א‬٤K٦

 F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬      ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬   E ١٠٠٠ HP     ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 KE٣٦F

٣-Φ
supply
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻞ ﻟﻠﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺿﺪ زﻧﻖ‬

‫اﻟﻌﻀﻮ اﻟﺪوار‬
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻞ‬
‫ﺣﺮاري‬
CB
R R
R Fuse
R
R
R
‫اﻟﻤﺤﺮك‬
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻞ زﻳﺎدة‬
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻞ ﻟﻠﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺿﺪ ﺗﻴﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻔﻮري‬
‫اﻟﻘﺼﺮ اﻷرﺿﻲ‬

 ٥٠٠٠ HP ‫א‬‫א‬E٣٦F
 W‫א‬‫א‬
Circuit ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬   Instantaneous O/C relays  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   Breakers
K‫א‬١٨٠ % ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
earth fault ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬١٠ % - ٤٠ % ‫א‬‫א‬Krelay
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  •
K‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
KLocked rotor relay ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ Rolling plants  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ Conveyors‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬KUnder current relay ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬٤٠ % ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ١٣٦ -
‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 
• Electrical Machines Devices and Power Systems, ٣rd edition Prentice Hall,
١٩٩٧.
• Electrical Power Systems, J. M. Harison, Prentice Hall, ١٩٩٦.
• Application Guide for Industrial Generator Protection, GEC Company, ١٩٩٥.
• Transformer Protection Application Guide, Basler Electric Company, ١٩٩٦.
• Application Guide Lines for Protection of Industrial Three Phase Motor,
GEC Company, ١٩٩٥.
• A.R.Van C. Warrington, Protective Relays; Their Theory and Practice,
Volume Two, Third Edition, London, ١٩٧٧.
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  •
K١٩٨٧،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،     ‫א‬ ‫א‬    •
K،
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K١٩٩٦،‫א‬
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‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬        ‫א‬  

          ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
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 ٥ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢K١
 ٨ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKE‫א‬F‫א‬٣K١
 ١٠ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬٤K١
 ١١ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥K١
 ١٣ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦K١
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 ٢١KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK١K٣K٢
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 ٢٨KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬٣K٣K٢
 ٣٢KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤K٣K٢
 ٣٥KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥K٣K٢
 ٣٩KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦K٣K٢
 ٣٩KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
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 ٣٩ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK١K٤K٢
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 ٥٤ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٧K٤K٢
 ٥٤ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
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 ٩٣KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣K٢K٣
 ٩٤KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣K٣
 ٩٧ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬٤K٣
 ١٠٠KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥K٣
 ١٠٠KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١K٥K٣
 ١٠٢KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢K٥K٣
 ١٠٤ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦K٣
‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٠٥ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK١K٤
 ١٠٥ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬٢K٤
 ١٠٦ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬٣K٤
 ١٠٧ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬١K٣K٤
 ١٠٩KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤K٤
 ١٠٩KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١K٤K٤
 ١١٢ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢K٤K٤
 ١١٨KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬٥K٤
 ١١٨KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬٦K٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٢٢ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK١K٥
 ١٢٣ KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬٢K٥
 ١٢٣KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬١K٢K٥
 ١٢٣KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬٢K٢K٥
 ١٢٤KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK٣K٢K٥
 ١٢٤KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬٣K٥
 ١٢٤KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬١K٣K٥
 ١٢٦KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢K٣K٥
 ١٢٨KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤K٥
 ١٢٩KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥K٥
‫א‬ ٢٥٥ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ١٣٠KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK١K٦
 ١٣١KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢K٦
 ١٣٢KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣K٦
 ١٣٢KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١K٣K٦
 ١٣٥KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬٤K٦
١٣٧KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
GOTEVOT appreciates the financial support provided by BAE SYSTEMS

حماية النظم الكهربائيه

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حماية النظم الكهربائيه

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬  Normally Open Contact (NOC) ‫א‬ •

‫א‬‫א‬  Normally Closed Contact (NCC)  •

Primary Relays ‫א‬‫• א‬

Secondary Relays ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ (a)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫اﺗﺠﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻃﻊ اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻒ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﻄﺎرﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻮل‬

 Speed of operation ‫א‬٢K٦K١

 Main and Back-up Protection‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٧K١

 Components of Protective System‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢K٢

Fuse link ‫א‬K١

 Miniature Fuses ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٢

 ( Non-Current Limiting Fuses)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K

I ‫اﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ ﻟﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﻗﻊ‬

‫א‬K‫א‬ ٥٣{٨ kA  ١١{٥ kA ‫א‬‫א‬

( INmax)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Magnitizing Inrush Current)

٤X٢٠٠ ? ٨٠٠A ٤X٤٠٠A

.‫م‬.‫ﻣﺼﻬﺮ ج‬ ‫ﻣﺤﻮل‬ .‫م‬.‫ﻗﺎﻃﻊ ج‬

Rated Breaking Current ‫א‬‫א‬K٧

Rated Short – Time Current ‫א‬‫א‬K٩

(Low Voltage Power Circuit Breakers) ‫א‬‫א‬ K٢

‫اﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺪ اﻷﻋﻈﻢ‬

I١ I٢ (IR ‫اﻟﺘﻴﺎر )أﺿﻌﺎف اﻟﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻤﻘﻨﻦ‬

‫ﻧﻄﺎق اﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻴﺎر‬

(IR ‫اﻟﺘﻴﺎر ) أﺿﻌﺎف اﻟﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻤﻘﻨﻦ‬

‫ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺰﻣﻦ‬

(IR ‫اﻟﺘﻴﺎر ) أﺿﻌﺎف اﻟﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻤﻘﻨﻦ‬

I٣ (IR ‫اﻟﺘﻴﺎر ) أﺿﻌﺎف اﻟﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻤﻘﻨﻦ‬

≈١٥ In (IR ‫اﻟﺘﻴﺎر ) أﺿﻌﺎف اﻟﺘﻴﺎر اﻟﻤﻘﻨﻦ‬

 (SF٦ Circuit Breakers) ‫א‬‫א‬٨K٤K٢

‫ﻣﻠﻒ إﻋﺘﺎق اﻟﻘﺎﻃﻊ‬

 Over Current (O/C) Protection ‫א‬‫א‬٤K٥K٢

‫ ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺔ ﻣﺤﺪدة ﻟﻠﺰﻣﻦ‬.٣

Directional Relays ‫א‬‫א‬٦K٥K٢

‫ﻣﺴﺎر اﻟﻌﺰم = ﺻﻔﺮ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺮﺣﻞ ﻳﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ‬

T = k١ φv . φc. Sin ( φv, φc)

So, T = k٢ Vr . Ir. Cos ( φr + α)

α = ٩٠º , So; T = k٢ Vr . Ir. Sin φr

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Ea ٢ ٣F‫א‬‫א‬

١٫٤ sec ١٫٠ sec ٠٫٦ sec

٠٫٢ sec ٠٫٦ sec ١٫٠ sec ١٫٤ sec

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Ec ٣ ٢F  W

٠٫٦ sec 1.0 sec ١٫٤ sec ١٫٨ sec

٠٫٢ sec ١٫٤ sec

٠٫٢ sec ١٫٠ sec

٨ ٠٫٢ sec ١٫٠ sec

٠٫٦ sec ٠٫٢ sec Load

٠٫٦ sec ٠٫٢ sec

X٤٥ = ٠{٢ X٣٤ = ٠{١٢٥

IF٧ ≈ IF٦ = ٦٦٠٠٠ / ( √٣ *(٠{٨ + ٠{٢ )) = ٣٨١٠٦ A.

IF٥ ≈ IF٤ = ٦٦٠٠٠ / ( √٣ *(٠{٨ + ٠{٢ + ٠{١٢٥)) = ٣٣٨٧٢ A.

IF٣ ≈ IF٢ = ٦٦٠٠٠ / ( √٣ *(٠{٨ + ٠{٢ + ٠{١٢٥ + ٠{٠٥)) = ٣٢٤٣١ A.

IF١ = ٦٦٠٠٠ / ( √٣ *(٠{٨ + ٠{٢ + ٠{١٢٥ + ٠{٠٥ + ٠{٠٥)) = ٣١١٠٧ A.

‫ﻣﻔﺘﺎح ﻣﻐﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺘﺎح ﻣﻐﻠﻖ‬

Transformers Protection ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Operation Theory ‫א‬‫א‬١K٣K٤

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ E٢ ٤F‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬E٥ ٤F

IfP if ‫ﺣﻤﻞ آﻬﺮﺑﻲ‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ CT١ , CT٢  •

  4.65 ∠30 o = 4.026 + j2.325 A

= I١ – I٢ = ٠{٢٩٨٩ + j٠{١٧٢ A ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬