

‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬
٢٥٦
  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬  

 
 
 W،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ 
 
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬        ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ،  
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬?‫א‬‫א‬?? ‫א‬ ?‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫؛‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬  

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬KKK ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
، ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  •
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

١
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
K٪100‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬

 K١

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 K‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
KKKK‫א‬‫• א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬K٢
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

٪٤ J٢    ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬٪٠{٣٪٠{١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬ •
 

   ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(1.1)‫א‬ ‫א‬
.

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬W1.1
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ٪ ٥٠W٦٥ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫( א‬SINTER)‫א‬ W‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  . ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬     
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٠ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ٤٠٠
‫א‬ ١٣٠٠ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ ١٠٠٠ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٢٥٠٠ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
  ‫א‬ E ‫א‬F ‫א‬    (Flux)     ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬K٣
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫• א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  J٣   ‫א‬    J٢ ‫א‬    J١
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٥  ‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
          ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
‫א‬         ‫א‬  
 K‫א‬
 

‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ L ٤٠٠٠‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬  J

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W ‫ א‬ J

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬ ٪٨٪٥ W‫א‬‫ א‬ J

 WE1.1‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W1.1‫א‬
‫ﻜﺒﺭﻴﺕ‬ ‫ﻓﺴﻔﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﻜﺭﺒﻭﻥ ﺴﻴﻠﻴﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻨﺠﻨﻴﺯ‬

.٠٥ ٢ ١ .٥ ٣.٥ ‫ﺨﺎﻡ ﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺘﻭﻤﺎﺱ‬

.٠٤ ٥.٢ ٦.٢ ١ ٤ ‫ﺨﺎﻡ ﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺼﻠﺏ‬

.٦ ١ ١ ٣ ٣ ‫ﺨﺎﻡ ﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﺴﺒﻨﻙ‬

  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 

 Wrought Iron E‫א‬WF‫א‬‫• א‬

0.1% ‫א‬

 Pig IronE‫א‬F •
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    4٪  2٪    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 Cast IronE‫א‬F‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬4%2%‫א‬
 

 Steel‫א‬‫• א‬
 K2%‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٤
 

‫א‬   (Cast Iron) ‫א‬       ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
(Wrought Iron)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١٨٢٠١٧٨٠
K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬K١٨٤٠
 W‫א‬(Carbon Steel)‫א‬
 
 low Carbon‫א‬ •
 0.15%‫א‬
Mild Carbon‫א‬ •
 0.29%0.15%‫א‬‫א‬
Medium Carbon‫א‬ •
 0.59%0.30 %‫א‬‫א‬
 High Carbon ‫א‬ •
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 1.7%0.60 %‫א‬‫א‬
 
  37 ‫א‬  
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬     
 ٢L37‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  :‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬

mild steel‫א‬‫א‬ J

low alloy steel‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

high alloy steel‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J


‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
.‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

:‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
st.37 mild steel 37 -
st.52 low alloy steel 52  -

 W‫א‬‫א‬ASTM ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
Carbon steel‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬

 Fy = 248Mpa = 36ksi EYield StressF‫א‬A36

( High Strength,low Alloy ) ‫א‬EF •

  Fy = 448Mpa = 65ksi     A 572
 
EAlloy steelFEF •
  Fy = 689.5Mpa = 100 ksi  A 514
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

ECorrosion resistant High StrengthFEF •

  Fy = 344 Mpa = 50ksi       A 588
 ‫א‬‫א‬K٥
 

‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
Structural steel Sections ‫א‬‫א‬ •

 
Hot–rolled sections ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫ א‬ J

IPE & IPB sections (I)  -1

 
 

 
Euronorm 19-57 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
IPE 160 
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
IPE 160 h (mm) b (mm) tw (mm) tf (mm)
  160 82 5 7.4

  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 

channel sections (U) -2

DIN EN 10025, 17100 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
K٢٦٠x٩٠x١٠٨٠x٤٥x٦W‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

h = hight web( ‫א‬‫) א‬

b = width ( ‫) א‬

s = web thickness ( ‫א‬ )

t = flange thickness (‫א‬ )

r = radius ( ‫א‬ )

 
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
h b s t r  
 
    
80 45 6.0 8.0 8.64  
100 50 6.0 8.5 10.6  
120 55 7.0 9.0 13.4
140 60 7.0 10.0 16.0  
160 65 7.5 10.5 18.8
200 75 8.5 11.5 25.3  
260 90 10.0 14.0 37.9
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 
‫اﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬
‫ﻣﻢ‬h ( ‫) ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺍﳌﺴﻤﻮﺡ‬
‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺣﱴ‬ ‫ﺣﺪ ﺍﻗﺼﻰ ﻣﻢ‬
- 100 0.5
100 200 1.0
200 400 1.5

٤×٣٠×٣٠W‫א‬‫א‬ •

DIN EN 10025, 17100 ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل و ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت اﻷﻟﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬

 
a = ‫ﻃﻮل اﻟﻀﻠﻊ‬

t = ‫اﻟﺘﺨﺎﻧﺔ‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬
 a ‫א‬
t  L
30 4 1.78
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 W‫א‬ •

٥C٥٨C١٢٠
DIN EN 10025, 17100 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -

‫اﻹرﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫اﻟﺸﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻚ اﻟﺸﻔﺔ‬ ‫دوران اﻟﺸﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻮزن‬ ‫ﺳﻤﻚ اﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬

h ‫ﻣﻢ‬ b ‫ﻣﻢ‬ t ‫ﻣﻢ‬ r ‫ﻣﻢ‬ ‫م‬/‫آﺠﻢ‬ s ‫ﻣﻢ‬

120+ 2 58 + 1.5 7.7+ 0.5 5.1 11.1 5.1 + 0.5

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬IPN •
Profiles IPN according to the following standardsDIN 1025-1:1995; EN 10024:1995
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 
 
‫ﺳﻤﻚ اﻟﻌﺼﺐ‬
‫ﻋﺮض اﻟﺸﻔﺔ اﻷرﺗﻔﺎع‬ ‫ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻧﺼﻒ اﻟﻘﻄﺮ ﺳﻤﻚ اﻟﺸﻔﺔ‬١ ‫وزن ﻟﻜﻞ‬
Type s
h b t r mass of 1 meter

[mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [kg/m]

IPN 80 80 42 3,9 5,9 3,9 5,94
IPN 100 100 50 4,5 6,8 4,5 8,34
IPN 120 120 58 5,1 7,7 5,1 11,1
IPN 140 140 66 5,7 8,6 5,7 14,3
IPN 160 160 74 6,3 9,5 6,3 17,9
IPN 180 180 82 6,9 10,4 6,9 21,9
IPN 200 200 90 7,5 11,3 7,5 26,2
IPN 220 220 98 8,1 12,2 8,1 31,1
IPN 240 240 106 8,7 13,1 8,7 36,2
IPN 300 300 125 10,8 16,2 10,8 54,2
IPN 340 340 137 12,2 18,3 12,2 68
IPN 360 360 143 13 19,5 13 76,1
IPN 400 400 155 14,4 21,6 14,4 92,4
IPN 450 450 170 16,2 24,3 16,2 115
IPN 500 500 185 18 27 18 141
IPN 550 550 200 19 30 19 166

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

BS4: Part1: 1993‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

 
Universal Columns

Type h b s t r mass of 1 meter

[mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [kg/m]
UC 152x152x23 152,4 152,2 5,8 6,8 7,6 23
UC 152x152x30 157,6 152,9 6,5 9,4 7,6 30
UC 152x152x37 161,8 154,4 8 11,5 7,6 37
UC 203x203x46 203,2 203,6 7,2 11 10,2 46,1
UC 203x203x52 206,2 204,3 7,9 12,5 10,2 52
UC 203x203x60 209,6 205,8 9,4 14,2 10,2 60
UC 203x203x71 215,8 206,4 10 17,3 10,2 71

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

BS4: Part1: 1993‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

 
Universal Beams

 
 
 
 
Type h b s t r mass of 1 meter
[mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [kg/m]
UB 203x133x25 203,2 133,2 5,7 7,8 7,6 25,1
UB 203x133x30 206,8 133,9 6,4 9,6 7,6 30
UB 254x102x23 254 101,6 5,7 6,8 7,6 22

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ASTM A6/A 6M-04a‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

 

 
 
 
Type h b s t r mass of 1 meter
[mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [mm] [kg/m]
W 6x15 152 152 5,8 6,6 6 22,5
W 6x20 157 153 6,6 9,9 6 29,8
W 6x25 162 154 8,1 11,6 6 37,1
W 8x18 207 133 5,8 8,4 8 26,6
W 8x21 210 134 6,4 10,2 8 31,3
W 8x31 203 203 7,2 11 10 46,1
W 8x35 206 204 7,9 12,6 10 52
W 8x40 210 205 9,1 14,2 10 59
W 8x48 216 206 10,2 17,4 10 71
W 10x12 251 101 4,8 5,3 8 17,9
W 10x15 254 102 5,8 6,9 8 22,3
W 10x17 257 102 6,1 8,4 8 25,3
W 10x19 260 102 6,4 10 8 28,4
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 
‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 . ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
  Cold-formed sections‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

‫א‬ E١.٣‫א‬F‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
.‫ א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬W١.٣‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

٢
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
K٪100‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫ א‬ J

 

‫א‬‫א‬E2.1‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 

 
 W٢{١‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 Column Splices‫א‬  J
 

‫א‬٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، ‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
  . ‫א‬٢{٢‫א‬
 

Bolted Column Splice  : ٢.٢ ‫א‬

 beam-to-column connection‫א‬‫א‬ -

 ‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K٢{٣‫א‬KE F
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 
Beam to Column Connections : ٢.٣ ‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫ א‬ J

 

،‫א‬ ‫א‬   E2.4 ‫א‬F  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   K‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 
 W٢{٤‫א‬
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 Steel structures characteristics‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٢

  

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K
‫א‬20%Ductility‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬Elastic Limit‫א‬ •
KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫• א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬K٣
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

٥٠٠‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬ ‫א‬١٢٠٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٤
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

Dead Loads‫א‬‫• א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬     K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬KKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 Live Loads‫א‬‫• א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   K   
‫א‬ ‫א‬  (Cranes) ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬     (Moving Loads)
KKKK، ،‫א‬EMovable Loads)
،‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬   
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ١٢٠٠٠N/m2  ‫א‬
 ١٩٠٠N/m2  ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 Snow Loads‫א‬ •

‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬E2.1F‫א‬K
 KE α F‫א‬
 
KE α F‫א‬‫א‬W2.1‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٦٠ ٥٠ ٤٠ ٣٠ ٢٠
 ٦٠
 α ο
  
٣٥ ٤٥ ٥٥ ٦٥ ٧٥
   ‫א‬
 Kg / m 2
 

 
Wind Loads ‫א‬ •

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،
  q = C . V2
 W
 E Kg/m 2 F‫א‬ Jq
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Shape CoefficientF‫א‬-C
 E m/s F‫א‬ JV
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 E2.4F‫א‬(2.3)‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

‫א‬ q ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬20‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  75 Kg/m 2 •

‫א‬100 J20 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 100 Kg/m 2 •
‫א‬100‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 125 Kg/m 2 •
 

 ‫א‬   ‫א‬   (Pw) ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
  Pw = C1 . q
 
 
α ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ C1  ‫א‬
 W
 

  C = 1.2 sinα - 0.4      

 
  C = 1.6 sinα - 0.4         ‫א‬
 
  C = - 0.4 EF    ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ (Pressure) ‫א‬ C‫א‬‫א‬
  . (Suction)‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬W2.3‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W2.4‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 K‫א‬‫א‬(2.5)‫א‬

  ‫ א‬: 2.5‫א‬

 
Earthquake Loading‫א‬ •

‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬EStiffnessFEMassF‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 W‫א‬‫א‬ V‫א‬
  V = Z. I. K. C. S. W
 W
 ‫א‬‫א‬-Z
 ‫א‬ JI
 ‫א‬ JK
 ‫א‬‫א‬ JC
 ‫א‬‫א‬ JS
 ‫א‬-W
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 Traffic Loads for Bridges ‫א‬ •

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 

 Impact Loads‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 . ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K 
 
 Combination of Loads ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 
 
 

 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٣
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫• א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬ •

 
K٪100‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K٤
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬   K ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬
 W،‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬WMoment Resisting Frame System‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K(3.1‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 Moment Resisting Frame‫א‬W3.1‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬WBuilding Frame System‫א‬‫א‬ J

. Braced Frames ‫א‬‫א‬‫ أو א‬Shear Wall Frames E 3.2 ‫) اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Shear Wall Frames‫א‬‫א‬W3.2‫א‬

WDual System‫א‬‫א‬ J

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
.Base shear ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
. Braced frames E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫( أو א‬Shear walls) ‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬ : Bearing Wall System ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
  .3.3‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫ ( أو اﻹ‬Shear Walls )‫א‬

 
 Shear Wall FramesE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬W3.3‫א‬
 
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K٢
 

 W‫ א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K E٣{٤‫א‬F‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 K‫א‬‫א‬W٣{٤‫א‬
 K3.5‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬W3.5‫א‬
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

Columns‫א‬‫ א‬K١
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
.‫א‬‫א‬

RafterEF‫א‬ K٢
    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

Endwall Girt‫א‬‫א‬ K٣
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 
Sidewall Girt‫א‬‫א‬ K٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

Eave Strut‫א‬‫א‬ K٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

Purlins‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K٦
   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 BracingMembers ‫א‬ K٧
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K
E١٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٩F‫א‬‫א‬  E٨F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

W‫א‬‫א‬ J
E3.6 ‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   E‫א‬‫א‬F ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬W٣{٦‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3.7‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 
 
 K‫א‬ C Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٣{٧‫א‬
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ .(3.8F‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٣{٨‫א‬
‫ א‬ J

‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬ K‫א‬

EBase plates & anchorage of column basesF ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬
‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  . ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 :column splices‫ א‬ •

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

  Beam-to-column connection‫א‬‫א‬ •

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬
٣{١٠‫א‬3.9 ‫א‬ .‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E F
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 
 

K‫א‬W3.9 ‫א‬
 
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 
 

K‫א‬‫א‬W3.10 ‫א‬
 

  Beam To Beam connection‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬ (Connections) ‫א‬

 ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 

W‫א‬ •

W Rivets ‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ . ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ (Snap Head) ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫ א‬
‫א‬ . ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫ א‬. h‫א‬‫א‬
. ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

Bolts and Nuts ‫א‬‫א‬-

 (Mild steel Black Bolts ) ‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ . ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬ . ‫א‬
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬

W Welding ‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬  E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬   J

K‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬   J

 ‫א‬‫א‬.٣

Bracing for steel framed buildings 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬(٣{١٢٣{١١‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
.
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 :‫א‬ ‫א‬

  Horizontal bracing systemE3.12‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ J

  Vertical bracing system‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 
 K‫א‬W3.11‫א‬
 
 

 
 

 K‫א‬‫א‬W٣.١٢‫א‬
 
 

 W‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 

   ‫א‬ E‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬F  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K3.13‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 K‫א‬W3.13‫א‬
 

Portal Bracing‫א‬ J

‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 3.14‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 KW3.14‫א‬

 Wind Column bracing J

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣{١٥F‫א‬
 
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

KW3.15‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬.٤
 

  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EKK،،،
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٤
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
، W  ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬، ، W  ‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬
 
K٪100‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K٢٤
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K١

    ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 EASTM E8F‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،٤{١‫א‬     ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤{٢‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K(ASTMF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ASTM E8‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٤{١‫א‬
KEmmF‫א‬

 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W4.1‫א‬
(ASTMF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬ -‫أ‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬  J

 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬ -‫د‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  (37) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 2L 37 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE52F‫א‬‫א‬44‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 E‫א‬F/E‫א‬F= ‫א‬
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

P
  f =
A
 
 
‫ – اﻹﺟﻬﺎد‬f
‫ – اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬P
‫ – ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﻘﻄﻊ‬A

 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬/E‫א‬F= ‫א‬

∆L
 e = L

 
 
 ‫א‬ Je
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ∆ L
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J L
 
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity ‫א‬ J

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬2100 t/cm2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
.‫א‬
f
 E =
e
W
 
 ‫א‬  JE
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫ א‬ Jf
 ‫א‬  Je

 W‫א‬‫א‬
f.L
 E = f =
f
=
e ∆L ∆L
L
Poisson’s ratio ‫א‬ J

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬Transverse
0.26‫א‬Longitudinal Strain‫א‬‫א‬Lateral Strain
 K

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬.٢
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
 

Yield Stress (Fy)  ‫א‬ J

 Ultimate Stress(Fu) ‫א‬‫א‬-
  Modulus of Elasticity (E) ‫א‬ J
 ) ε Strain (    ‫א‬ J
) α Coefficient of Thermal Expansion ( ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

Allowable Stress Design Method (ASD)‫א‬‫א‬  J١

 

‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 E‫א‬‫א‬FLE‫א‬FZ‫א‬
 
Yield Stress
  Safety Factor =
Allowable Stress
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ≥ ‫א‬‫א‬   W
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 


  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
∑ [(Loads x L factors) ≤ (Resistance x R factor)]
 
‫א‬        EKKKKK،    F   
١.٠٠.٧٥‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KEKKKKK،F‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KGeneral Layout of Structures ‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬ •
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬ •
 

١{٧‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬٣
 

W‫א‬‫א‬.٣
 

W •

‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬
 KE4.3‫א‬4.2
 

 ‫א‬:4.2‫א‬
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 
‫א‬:4.3‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬  J
 
T‫א‬  J١

W‫א‬  J٢
T
A req =
 
f pt
 W
2 2
  f pt = 1.4 t/cm = 1400 kg/cm ‫א‬‫א‬ J f pt
 ‫א‬ JT
 K٣٧‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ J A req
 
Areq ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٣

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
 
T
f act = ≤ f
A pt
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

W‫א‬‫א‬ J
 
T‫א‬‫א‬  J١
 

 W‫א‬  J٢
T
  A gross =
0.85 f pt

A gross ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٣

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
T
  f act = ≤ f
pt
A net
 W  J٥
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ - A net
 K‫א‬
A net = 0.85 A gross
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ A gross -
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
A net = A gross - A φ

A net = A gross - d . t
 W
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬  Jd
 ‫א‬  Jt
 
 W‫א‬
 
 f act ≤ f pt
 
   f act ≤ f
pt
 
 ٣‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W
 
 E‫א‬Ft٢١‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
2 = 1400 kg/cm 2
  f pt = 1.4 t/cm  ‫א‬

 
 
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 W‫א‬
 
t 21 ‫א‬ J١
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
T
  Areq =
f pt
 

21000
  A req = = 15.00 cm 2
1400
 
A req 15.00
  = = 7.50 cm 2  Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
2 2
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
2
A of 1 LF x 55 x 8 ) = 8.23 cm ٥٥

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
T 21000 21000
f act = = = = 1275.82 kg/cm2
2 x Aact 2 x 8.23 16.46

2
  f act = 1275.82 kg/cm < f pt = 1400 kg/cm
2

 ‫א‬
 W
 
 ‫א‬21‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 mm ٧‫א‬١٠ mm
2 2
  f pt = 1.4 t/cm = 1400 kg/cm  ‫א‬

 
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 
 
 W‫א‬
 
 ٢١t‫א‬ J١

 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
T
A
  gross =
0.85 f pt
 

21000
  A gross = = 17.64 cm 2
0.85 x 1400
 
A gross 17.64
  = = 8.82 cm 2  Z‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
2 2
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
2
x 65 x 8 ) = 9.85 cm ( A of 1 L٦٥
 

  A net = A gross - d . t
A net = 2 ( 9.85 - 0.7 x 1.7 )

A net = 2 ( 9.85 - 1.19 ) = 17.32 cm 2

  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

T 21000
f act = = = 1212.47 kg/cm2
A net 17.32
f act = 1212.47 kg/cm2 < f tp = 1400 kg/cm2

‫א‬

 •

‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬
 KE 4.4‫א‬F

 ‫א‬ :4.4‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(Slenderness RatioF‫א‬‫א‬EBucklingF‫א‬
r‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬FL‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE4.5‫א‬FERadius of gyrationF
 

 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬W4.5‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 W‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 ‫א‬ •
 

 ‫א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬      E 4.1 ‫א‬F ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
W   ‫א‬   ‫א‬      K ‫א‬  ‫א‬
     ‫א‬    K    
 K‫א‬‫א‬

Slenderness  ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬Ratio
 
K.L
  λ = Z‫א‬
r
 
 
 ‫א‬،‫א‬ JK
 ‫א‬ JL
 Radius of gyration ‫א‬  J r
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

KEAISCF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W4.1‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬N ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
N
  Areq =
f pB
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬–N
   f C = 700 Kg/cm 2 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬– f pB
 ‫א‬‫א‬– Areq
 
K.L
λ = = 100 ‫א‬‫א‬
r
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  E L bx , L by F‫א‬‫א‬N‫א‬ J١
N
A req =
f pB  Areq ‫א‬ J٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ f pB 

= 700 Kg/cm 2 Z0.7 t/cm

2
f
pB

 E A , i x , i y F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 
WE λ x , λ y F‫א‬ J
 
L bx L bx
 λx = , λx =
ix ix
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 E λ x , λ y F‫א‬‫א‬ J

 

 W١٠٠ λ  J

 
 f = 1400 - 0.06 λ 2 λ < 100 ⇒  J
pB
7 x 106
 f = λ > 100 ⇒  J
pB 2
λ
N
  f act = ≤ f pB ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
A
 
  f act ≤ f pB

 
  f
act
> f pB
 W
 
  L bx = 6 m  L by = 4.5 m ‫א‬‫א‬٤٠ ‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬
 
   N = 40 t  Lby = 450 cm Lbx = 6 00 cm  J١

N 40
A req = = = 57.14 cm2  J٢
  f pB 0.7
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

B.F .I 180  J٣

  A = 65.8 cm 2
  i x = 7.63 cm
i y = 4.55 cm
 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 
L 600
  λ x = bx = = 78.64
ix 7.63

L by 450
  λ y = = = 98.90
iy 4.55
 
 < λ y 100٩٨{٩٠Z
 f = 1400 - 0.06 λ 2
pB
 f = 1400 - 0.06 (98.90) 2 = 813.13 kg/cm 2
pB
N 40
 f = = = 0.6079 t/cm 2 = 607.9 Kg/cm 2
act A 65.8
 
 f = 607.9 Kg/cm 2 < f = 813.13 Kg/cm 2
act pB
‫א‬
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 W
 
‫א‬ ٢٠‫א‬
‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ، L x = 2.40 m  ‫א‬   
 K L y = 3.00 m
K.L
  λ = = 100 ‫א‬
r
  f C = 700 Kg/cm 2 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 W‫א‬
 
  Areq ‫א‬‫א‬K١
 
F 20000 Kg
  A req = = = 28.57 ≅ 28.60 cm 2
f c 700 Kg/cm 2
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
28.60
  A of 1 L = = 14.3 cm 2
2
 W‫א‬‫א‬ 2 L 90 x 90 x 9 
  A of 1 L = 15.5 cm 2 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 W‫א‬H •
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬H
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬ M x ‫א‬N‫א‬ J١
N
= 700 Kg/cm 2
A
Z0.7t/cm  req
2 =
f
pB f pB ‫א‬ J٢
 KE A , i x , i y , Z F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
x
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 
  λ x , λ y ‫א‬ J 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J 
 W١٠٠ λ  J 
 
 W١٠٠ λ  J
 

  f pB = 1400 - 0.06 λ 2 λ < 100 ⇒  J١

6
7 x 10
  f pB = λ > 100 ⇒   J٢
2
λ
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
f pt N
x ± x ≤ 1.4 t/cm2
M
  f act = x
f pB A Zx

  f act ≤ 1.4 ‫א‬

  f act ≤ 1.4
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬ •

E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬  
M
 V B = W‫א‬ Z‫א‬‫א‬
Z
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W ‫א‬ J١
  M x ‫א‬ J٢
  Q x ‫א‬ J٣
Mx
W Z req =  J٤
f pt
2 2
  f pt = 1.4 t/cm = 1400 kg/cm  ‫א‬

E IxZxF Z req ‫א‬‫א‬  J٦

‫א‬‫א‬  J٧
Mx
  f act = ≤ f pt
Zx
Qx
  qact = ≤ 0.84 t/cm2
AW
 K‫א‬‫א‬ A W = S x (h - 2 t) 
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

L
 ∆ ≤ ∆
max
= W‫א‬‫א‬  J٨
act 360

 
5 WLL L4
 ∆ =
act 384 E I
 
 W
 
 E t/m F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J WLL
 ‫א‬ J  L
 E t/cm 2 F‫א‬ J E
 
WLL L2
  M max = ‫א‬‫א‬
8
 
5 M max L2
 ∆ =
act 48 E I
E= 2100 t/cm2
 
 W
 

‫א‬  ٥‫א‬  ١٢ ‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬kg/m2١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬K٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Kkg/m2 ٣٠٠‫א‬
 kg/m٥٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 

 x 0.12 x 2 = 0.6 t/m٢{٥  ‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 
 x 2 = 0.2 t/m٠{١٠   ‫א‬
 
 x 2 = 0.6 t/m٠{٣    ‫א‬‫א‬
 
t/m٠{٠٥    ‫א‬
 
  WD + L = 1.45 t/m     ‫א‬
 
WLL L2 1.45 x 52
  M max = = = 4.53 t.m     ‫א‬‫א‬
8 8
 
WLL L 1.45 x 5
  Qmax = = = 3.62 t ‫א‬‫א‬
2 2
M x 4.53 x 100
  Z req = = = 323.57 cm2  
f pt 1.4
 B.F.I N0. 160 , Zx=329 cm3 , Ix=2630 cm4‫א‬‫א‬
 
Mx 4.53 x 100
  f act = ≤ f pt = = 1.37 t/cm 2 < 1.4 t/cm 2
Zx 329
Qx
  qact = ≤ 0.84 t/cm2
AW

  A W = S x (h - 2 t)
S = 0.9 cm , h=1.60 cm , t=1.4 cm

  A W = S x (h - 2 t) = 0.9 (1.6 - 2 x 1.4) = 11.88cm2

 
Qx 3.62
  q act = = = 0.304 t/cm2 < 0.84 t/cm2
A W 11.88
  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

L 500
  ∆ act ≤ ∆
max
= = = 1.38 cm
360 360

 
5 WLL L4 5 x 0.0145 x 5004
 ∆ = = = 2.13 cm2
act 384 E I 384 x 2100 x 2630
 
L
  ∆ act = 2.13 cm2 > ∆
max
= = 1.38 cm2
360
 
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٥
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 

، ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬ •

 
K٪100‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K٦
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W.١

‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬ 
           ‫א‬     K
‫א‬،
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 Riveted Connection‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
  Bolted Connection   E‫א‬F‫א‬ J
 Welded Connection     ‫א‬ J

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬.٢

WRivets‫א‬ JI

Round Head‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E5.1‫א‬FCounter Sunk‫א‬Shank‫א‬
‫א‬٣٦،٣٣،٣٠،٢٦،٢٣،٢٠،١٧،١٤W‫א‬
 K٢٦،٢٣E‫א‬F‫א‬٢٠،١٧،١٤‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

Button Countersunk Flat Truss Pan

head head head head head
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬W5.1‫א‬
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬
 

Closing the rivet head‫א‬ J٢

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
     ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 BoltsE‫א‬F–I I

 (5.2‫)א‬E‫א‬F
‫א‬WasherNut EThreadF‫א‬
 K‫א‬

 
 
 KW5.2 ‫א‬
 
W‫א‬EF‫א‬
 

Black Bolts‫א‬EF J
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٣٧
 K٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 Turned BoltsEF J

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥٢٣٧
 K‫א‬
 

 High Strength Bolts‫א‬EF J

 K٠{٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬.٣
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬

  Types of Riveted Joints‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
  Lap JointE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ •
 Butt JointE‫א‬‫א‬F •
 
Lap Joint E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬E

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Single riveted lap ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬  joint
       ‫א‬ K‫א‬  Double riveted lap joint
 KPitch‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

Butt Joint E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬E

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬.٤
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E0.98 t/cm2٣٧‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ •
EfbZ1.96 t/cm2 F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
 

W‫א‬‫א‬ -١
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫ א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫ א‬ J

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 qs.s = 0.98 t/cm2
d2
R s.s = A . q s.s = π . . q s.s
4
 
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬٢٠‫א‬‫א‬
d2 2.0 2
  R s.s = A . q s.s = π . . q s.s = π . . 0.98 = 3.077 t
4 4
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 

 RD.s =2 A . qs.s = 2 . Rs.s = 2 x 3.077 = 6.15 t

 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬fb‫א‬
‫א‬  ‫א‬  Rb ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 Rb = A . fb = t . d . fb‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬٢٠‫א‬١٢‫א‬‫א‬
 Zfb =2.0 x 1.2 x 1.96 = 4.70 t t . d . Rb
 
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
 
 W
 

 W ‫א‬E 5.3F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
T= 14 t , t=12 mm , d=20 mm
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 
 KEF‫א‬W 5.3‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 

  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬    
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 qs.s = 0.98 t/cm2
d2
  R s.s = A . q s.s = π . . q s.s
4
 
2
d 2.0 2
  R s.s = A . q s.s = π . . q s.s = π . . 0.98 = 3.077 t
4 4
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 Rb = A . fbZt . d .fb = 2.0 x 1.2 x 1.96 = 4.70 t

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

  R min = Min ( R s.s , R b ) = Min (3.07 , 4.70) = 3.07 t

 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬
T 14
 n = = = 4.5 = 6 Rivets
R min 3.07
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 W
 

 W‫א‬E5.4F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 KEF‫א‬W 5.4‫א‬

T= 14 t , t1=12 mm , t2=14 mm , d=20 mm , b=30 cm , n=9 Rivets

 W‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

  K(5.5‫א‬F
 K‫א‬‫א‬W 5.5‫א‬
 
d2 2. 0 2
  R D.s = 2 A . q s.s = 2 π . . q s.s = 2 π . . 0.98 = 6.15 t
4 4
 

  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬     ‫א‬   
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1.4 cm 
 

 ZRb2t2 . d .fb = 1.4 x 2 x 1.96 = 5.48 t

 

  R min = Min ( R D.s , R b ) = Min (6.15 , 5.48) = 5.48 t

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 x 5.48 = 49.32 t٩

  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
  A net = t . (b - 3. φ ) = 1.4 (30 - 3 x 2) = 33.6 cm 2
2
  A net . F = 33.6 x 1.4 = 47.04 t
pt
47.04 t‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬K٥
 

WRivets‫א‬‫א‬ •
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(5.7F‫א‬E5.6F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٥{٦‫א‬
 

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W٥{٧‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬ .٦
 

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬

 K
 ‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬

٦
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬ •
K٪100‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K٦
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬
 W.١
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬   K ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬
:  (Welding process) ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬
 
W‫א‬‫א‬  J
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 K‫א‬‫ א‬   ‫ א‬  ‫ א‬ ‫ א‬    J
 ‫ א‬‫ א‬‫א‬        ‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫ א‬  J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫ א‬ 
     ‫ א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬   ‫א‬  ‫ א‬
   K  ‫ א‬‫ א‬‫ א‬ ‫ א‬  ‫א‬  ‫ א‬ J
  K  ‫ א‬‫ א‬  ‫ א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫ א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
  K     ‫ א‬ ‫ א‬ ‫ א‬ J
  K‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫ א‬    ‫ א‬   J
 K‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫ א‬  ، ‫ א‬  J
 K‫א‬ ‫ א‬ ‫א‬  J
 ‫ א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬   ‫א‬ ‫ א‬   J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  

:‫א‬‫ א‬ (High Strength Steel) ‫א‬‫א‬

(Submerged –Arc) ‫א‬ -1

(Gas Meta –Arc ) ‫א‬-2
‫א‬‫א‬(Flux Cored –Arc)  ‫א‬‫א‬-3
‫א‬ (Granular Flux ) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
. ‫א‬‫א‬
 Advantages of Welding ‫א‬‫א‬.٢

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬EGusset PlatesF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
 K
 W‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬          ‫א‬ ‫• א‬
KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬ •
 
 Types of Welded Connections‫א‬‫א‬ .٣
 

 W
 

Butt Weld  J

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE6.1‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 
 K‫א‬W٦{١‫א‬

Fillet weld‫א‬  J


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W(6.2‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬W٦{٢‫א‬
 

 Butt Joint •
Tee Joint  •
Lap Joint‫א‬ •
Corner Joint‫א‬ •
  Edge Joint  •
 
 
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬.٤
 
 W
 
 ‫א‬  J١
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 " ‫א‬?‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ "PIPE " 
‫" א‬fitting" ‫א‬‫א‬ T ‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
.‫א‬
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬.٥
 

 Disadvantages of Welding‫א‬ 

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   •
K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
W‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬‫א‬ •
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬.٦
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Butt Weld •
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 WFillet Weld‫א‬ •
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 

(Class I I)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ (Class I)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬
 

 W (Class I •
 

 f
w = 1.0 x f pt  ‫א‬
 f
w = 1.1 x f pt ‫א‬
  f w = 0.6 x f pt    ‫א‬
 W (Class I I •
 

 f
w = 0.7 x f pt  ‫א‬

 f
w = 1.0 x f pt ‫א‬
 f
w = 0.55 x f pt    ‫א‬
 W (Class I‫א‬ •
  f w = 0.45 x f pt ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W (Class I I‫א‬ •
 f w = 0.40 x f pt ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬  J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬s‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 W‫א‬‫א‬(0.707) s ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
El. s. (0.707
 K‫א‬ l
 Zl. s. (0.707). fw PW‫א‬‫א‬
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 W
 

‫א‬‫א‬mm x 12 mm٣٠٠‫א‬mm x 10 mm٢٠٠‫א‬

 K٣٧‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬
 
P = A x fpt
 A = 20 cm x 1 cm
Fpt = 1.4 t/cm2
 P = 20 x 1 x 1.4 =28 t
 
(4 mm : 10 mmF‫א‬
 
mm٨‫א‬
 E (Class I‫א‬ •
f w = 0.45 x f pt ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  f w = 0.45 x f pt

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬.٧
 
‫א‬E١{٦‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬6.4‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬6.3‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬6.5‫א‬
 
 

K‫א‬‫א‬W6.3 ‫א‬

 WSquare  ‫א‬WPlug  ‫א‬WFillet  WBead

U WU  WBevel  VWV

 KWFlare Bevel  VWFlare V

 KEBS 499F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١.٦‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  


 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W6.4‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 Specifying Weld Locations‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W6.5‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬.٨
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬       ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 6.7‫א‬‫א‬ 6.6 ‫א‬
‫א‬6.9‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬6.8 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬W6.6 ‫א‬
 
 

 
 KW6.7 ‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W6.8 ‫א‬
 
 
 

 
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W6.9 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

٧
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 

 
K٪100‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K٤
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W.١
‫א‬K ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٧{٢‫א‬7.1‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 Types of Column Bases ‫א‬‫א‬W٧{١‫א‬

 
 W7.2‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬ 7.2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
M W  
 
W
 
 
B
 
B  
  P

 
Pmax
 
 
 
 EFEF
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W 7.2‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬.٢
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
 

 Base Plate without Gusset Plates‫א‬E

 Gusseted base‫א‬E

 W‫א‬EF •
 

K(7.3‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KEBearingF‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

‫א‬ ‫א‬KGusseted base‫א‬

 KGussets‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬W7.3‫א‬
 

WGusset bases‫א‬ •
 

 K‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE7.4‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬W7.4‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬.٣
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬  %٦٠     ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬      
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Anchor (BoltsF ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K40 – 60 kg/cm2 ‫א‬ EfccF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬
 A = P
f cc
 W
 ‫א‬‫א‬ JP
‫א‬ JA
 ‫א‬ JC
 K‫א‬ JB
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–fcc
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
P
  f c =
CxB
 
 
 W
 

. 40 tB. F. I. 200‫א‬
fc = 40 kg/cm2
 W‫א‬
 

 A‫א‬
P 40000
 A = = = 1000 cm 2
fC 40
 340 mm x 300 mm W 
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

40000
  fC = = 39.21 kg/cm 2 < f cc
34 x 30

 B. F. I. 200‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
b = 20 cm
h = 20 cm

C - d 34 - 20
  C1 = = = 7 cm
2 2
 
B - (0.8 ) b 30 - (0.8) x 20
  C2 = = = 7 cm
2 2
 C = 7 cm
t‫א‬
 
4 fc 3 39.2
 t = c =7 = 2.0 cm
f pt 1400

x 300 x 200 mm٣٤٠Z ‫א‬‫א‬

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪٦٠‫א‬
 
x 40 = 24 t P1٠{٦Z‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬.٤
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪٦٠
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K(7.5‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Anchor bolts‫א‬
 

 K‫א‬‫א‬W7.5‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

 K‫א‬ •

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

٨
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫ א‬: ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 
 WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
K٪100‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K٤
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬.١
 

 ‫ א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫ א‬‫ א‬‫א‬ ،‫ א‬‫ א‬ 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫ א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫ א‬   K‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬
‫ א‬     ‫א‬   ‫ א‬  ‫ א‬   ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫ א‬‫ א‬‫ א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬  
 K‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫ א‬ ،‫ א‬‫ א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬    ‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫ א‬‫א‬    K‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ E‫א‬F ‫ א‬‫א‬   ‫ א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

‫א‬8.1‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬A-A‫א‬‫א‬8.3‫א‬8.2‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬B-B
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬W8.1 ‫א‬
 

 
 K‫א‬A-A‫א‬‫א‬W8.2 ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 
 ‫א‬B-B‫א‬‫א‬W8.3 ‫א‬
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬٢K
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  8.4‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

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‫א‬‫א‬W8.4 ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬.٣
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‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬  8.5‫א‬K
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 K‫א‬‫א‬W8.5 ‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬

 ‫ א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫ א‬‫ א‬ 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫ א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫ א‬   K‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫ א‬     ‫א‬‫ א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬‫ א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬  
 ‫ א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫ א‬ ، ‫ א‬‫ א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬    ‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫ א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬8.6‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  8.7‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

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  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 
 

 
 
 

 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W8.6 ‫א‬
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 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  : 8.7‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

٩
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 

، ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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K‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬ •
K‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬ •
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K٪100‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K٤
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 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬.١
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 W‫א‬
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‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ W‫ א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ W‫א‬‫ א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬F ‫א‬ ‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
K‫א‬‫א‬W‫ א‬ J
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫ א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  
K‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ،K…‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
،‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬K‫א‬
W‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ W‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬،‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

           ‫ א‬W ‫א‬   J
،‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
K‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
 

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ƒ א‬
 

: ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

. ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬

. ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

K‫א‬‫א‬ •

 .‫א‬‫א‬ •
 

 W‫א‬.2
 

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬EF،،
  : ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬-
  .  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  .‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬W-
 .AISC‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

(STD)  Standard Hole ‫א‬‫أ – א‬

 
 
 EOVSFOversized Hole‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–

 
 ESSLF Short Slotted Hole ‫א‬‫א‬ J

 
(LSL)  Long Slotted Hole ‫א‬‫د – א‬

 
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 
(NSL) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J ‫هـ‬
 Short or Long Slotted Hole Normal to Load Direction

 
 
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬    ‫א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KW‫א‬١٥
    ١٢    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬.٣
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬E ) ‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬     ‫א‬ ‫ א‬  ‫ א‬   •
K‫א‬   ‫ א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬  ‫א‬‫ א‬  •
K  ‫א‬ ‫ א‬ •
  K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫ א‬‫א‬‫ א‬،‫ א‬‫א‬    ‫ א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
K‫א‬
 K ‫ א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫ א‬  •
 K    ‫א‬ ‫ א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫ א‬  •
 K ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 K     ‫ א‬ ‫ א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫ א‬  •
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬  ‫א‬  ‫ א‬‫א‬‫ א‬   •
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬
‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬        ‫א‬‫א‬  •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

 W‫א‬‫א‬.4

،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
  ،‫א‬‫ א‬ .‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬.‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
.‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫ א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬،
:‫א‬‫א‬

W ‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
.‫א‬‫א‬  stainless steel

W‫ א‬‫א‬-
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

: ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬E0.5% ‫א‬F‫ א‬
 . ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

W‫ א‬-
E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 :‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  : ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
.‫א‬
 
W‫א‬‫א‬-
‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬
.‫א‬

:‫א‬‫ א‬-
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
. ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬

W‫א‬‫ א‬-
 K‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
––‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
.
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 W‫א‬.5

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

   ،‫ א‬ ‫ א‬‫ א‬ ‫ א‬ ‫א‬‫ א‬ •

K‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K ‫ א‬   ‫ א‬ •

 ‫א‬   ‫א‬      •

 K‫ א‬  

 ‫א‬ ‫ א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬ •

 K‫א‬  ‫ א‬‫א‬

K  ‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬     •

 K‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬  •

 ‫ א‬   ‫ א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  •

  K‫ א‬    ‫א‬

‫ א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫ א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬   ‫ א‬ •

 ‫ א‬      

  K‫א‬ ‫ א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬ •

K‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫ א‬   ‫ א‬‫ א‬    •

  K‫א‬
     ‫ א‬    ‫ א‬‫א‬‫ א‬   •

 K
 K‫ א‬ ‫א‬‫ א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬   •

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬   ،‫א‬ ‫ א‬ •

K ‫ א‬‫ א‬

  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬  ‫א‬ •

‫א‬‫א‬، ‫ א‬‫ א‬‫א‬      

 K‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫ א‬ ‫ א‬‫ א‬ ‫ א‬     •

  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  •

 K ‫ א‬‫א‬     ‫ א‬ ‫ א‬ •

‫ א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬‫ א‬   ‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬،‫ א‬ •

K ‫ א‬ ‫א א‬  ،‫ א‬‫ א‬   
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ •

 K‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬L ‫א‬

   ‫א‬ ،‫ א‬ ‫ א‬  •

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬  ،‫א‬

 K‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

١٠
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫ א‬: ‫اﻟﺠﺪارة‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 WE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
 K٪100‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K٤
 W‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬.1
 
 

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬:‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬:‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ J
K‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬ J
.‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ א‬‫א‬    ‫ א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬  •
K‫א‬
    ‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬‫ א‬ •
 K  ‫ א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

‫ א‬‫ א‬‫ א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬  ‫ א‬    ‫ א‬ •
،  ‫א‬‫ א‬  ‫א‬ ،‫ א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬ 
،‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ 
 K‫א‬
 ‫ א‬‫ א‬    ‫א‬‫ א‬‫ א‬  ‫ א‬ •
 anchor bolts‫ א‬‫ א‬     ‫א‬‫ א‬
K ‫ א‬ ‫ א‬  ‫ א‬
 K‫א‬  ‫ א‬‫ א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬ ‫ א‬  ‫ א‬  •
‫ א‬  ‫ א‬    ‫ א‬ •
  K ‫ א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫א‬   ‫א‬      •
 K‫ א‬  
 K ‫ א‬   ‫ א‬ •
   ،‫ א‬ ‫ א‬‫ א‬ ‫ א‬ ‫א‬‫ א‬ •
 K‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫ א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫ א‬ ‫ א‬   •
‫ א‬‫ א‬ K ‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ،
 K‫ א‬‫א‬    
‫ א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬ ‫ א‬‫ א‬  ‫א‬‫ א‬ •
 K‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫ א‬   •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬K
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬    ‫א‬  ‫א‬       ‫א‬   ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   ‫א‬   ،       ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬.2
 

‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬E‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 : ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
.  ‫א‬
. ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
،E‫א‬F‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
. ‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 .‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬.3
‫א‬‫א‬  ،‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  K‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫ א‬‫ א‬
‫ א‬ ‫ א‬ K‫א‬‫ א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫ א‬‫ א‬‫א‬
   ‫ א‬‫ א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
   ‫א‬    ‫ א‬ ‫א‬‫ א‬ K‫א‬  ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬.4
‫ א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫ א‬‫ א‬  
   ‫ א‬ K‫א‬ ‫ א‬   ‫א‬
K ‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬.5
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫ א‬
  ‫א‬‫ א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WK‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬ J
K J
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

K‫א‬‫א‬ J
foam‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٤٠ J٣٠‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬

W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

‫א‬‫א‬    ، ‫א‬    ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬     J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬١١‫א‬

  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬   J٢
 KEKKKKKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ١١
 K‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬       ‫א‬ ‫א‬   J٥
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١٠{١‫א‬

 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W١٠{١‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬.6

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
.‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
. 

،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

: ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

‫א‬‫ א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬H‫א‬‫א‬F ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬
:‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
.  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
.‫א‬‫א‬

:  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -

. ‫א‬–

. ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ –
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬    ‫א‬   -
      ، ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬
. ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  ‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
.……‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫ א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
: ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ –

.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬–
‫א‬ ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ٪٢٠
. ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬

  ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬– 

،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ، 
. ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،   ‫א‬  ‫ א‬     ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬     J
   ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
     ‫א‬      ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
.‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  . ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ .‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬
  : ‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

،  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
. ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
، ‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
.‫א‬‫א‬
. ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
. ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫ א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
: ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
.  ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  J

‫א‬    ‫א‬ ،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 ،  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،    ‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫ א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬
. ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬

،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

.‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
.E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬.7

: ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J
،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 . ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
 E‫א‬F‫א‬. 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   
  . ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬

. ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  
 E ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬F ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ 
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
: ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    .   
‫א‬ . ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬ ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ . ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  . ‫א‬
   ‫א‬  ‫א‬    .  ‫א‬‫א‬   
 .

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ، ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬ ،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ K
‫א‬E‫א‬F .  ‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   .   ‫א‬      ‫א‬
. ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫ א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬
‫ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎت ﺑﻨﺎء إﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺜﺒﺘﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻷﻋﻀﺎء اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ accessories  
  ‫א‬‫ א‬  anchor bolts  ‫א‬‫ א‬
  ( L )   ‫א‬  ‫ א‬  angle  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬    base plat  ‫א‬  
 E‫א‬F‫ א‬  ‫א‬ bay   
    ‫ א‬‫ א‬‫א‬ beams  E‫א‬F
  bolts   
   brace  E  F 
       brace rods  
       butt plate   
  (U)  ‫א‬  ‫ א‬  channel section   
 EcF‫א‬ “C” shape  ECF 
 ‫ א‬‫ א‬   ‫ א‬‫ א‬ cold formed  ‫ א‬ 
    ‫ א‬‫ א‬‫ א‬‫א‬ column  
   ‫ א‬   continuous beam  EF
  ‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬L ‫א‬    ‫א‬  continuous  
 ‫א‬‫ א‬?‫א‬      inspection  
 ‫ א‬   ‫ א‬‫א‬ erector  
 ‫ א‬      ‫א‬ expansion joint   
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬  ‫ א‬‫א‬ fabricator  
   ٠١٠  ‫א‬  ‫ א‬  flat  EF 
 ‫ א‬ field  
filler metal and   ‫א‬
   ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ، ‫א‬
flux for welding  ‫ א‬ ‫א‬
 ‫ א‬   ‫ א‬ ‫א‬ floor plate  ‫א‬
  ‫א‬ EF  girders  
F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫ א‬     girt
 E
EF
 ‫א‬EF        grillage beams
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  gusset plate  EF
  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫ א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  

  (H )  ‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫ א‬  H-section  EHF 
 ‫ א‬    hangers   ‫א‬
     high strength ‫ א‬  
bolt
 ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬  hillside washer
 E  F
  ‫ א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬   ‫א‬
 hot rolled
 ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬   HP
 HP shape
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬  
  I
  (I)  ‫א‬  ‫ א‬   I-section
 
  ‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
 inspection
 ‫א‬  ‫ א‬    
 L‫א‬
   L    ‫א‬،  L-angels
 
 ?L? 
     ‫א‬ ‫א‬   “L” shapes
 
 EF 
 E‫ א‬، ‫א‬‫ א‬، ‫ א‬F ‫ א‬     lintel
 
‫א‬‫א‬E١F
EM F
 E٢F K S‫ א‬W , HP‫א‬  ،‫א‬  M shape
 
  S‫ א‬W , HP‫ א‬   ‫א‬
 EF ‫א‬ ‫ א‬   ‫א‬    EMCF 
 MC shape
 ECF    
      mill material  ‫א‬
‫א‬   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬  ‫א‬ 
 KE‫א‬F ‫ א‬ ‫א‬  non-specific  ‫א‬ 
inspection and
‫ א‬  ‫א‬‫ א‬  ‫ א‬‫ א‬  ‫א‬  testing  
 
 ‫א‬
‫ א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬‫ א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬
notations for  ‫ א‬
‫א‬   ‫ א‬   ‫א‬ 
 welding  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬
  ‫א‬  
 other metals   
 
 ‫ א‬   ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫ א‬  protective paint  ‫ א‬ 
 ‫ א‬   system
  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫ א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  

K‫ א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬

 
 ‫ א‬    ‫א‬ ‫ א‬    plans
 
 
     purlin  ‫א‬
 ‫ א‬  EF rafter  
    ‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫ א‬   
 rigid frame  EF 
 ‫א‬   ‫ א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫ א‬    rod  
‫ א‬‫ א‬ “ I “   ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   ‫ א‬‫ א‬‫א‬
rolled steel joist
 E‫א‬F‫א‬  
      ‫ א‬  rolled steel   ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬  section  
 EF‫א‬‫א‬ shapes  
  ‫א‬ EF      ESF 
 S shape
‫ א‬  ‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬ ‫א‬  
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫ א‬  
semi-rigid  EF 
F ‫ א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 framing  
 E‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫ א‬‫ א‬‫ א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫ א‬‫א‬
 shop drawings
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬  specific   ‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫ א‬  ‫א‬ ، ‫א‬ inspection and
 testing  
 ‫ א‬   ‫ א‬    
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
simple framing  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫ א‬ ‫ א‬‫ א‬   steel frame  ‫ א‬ 
steel framed  ‫ א‬ 
 ‫ א‬‫ א‬‫ א‬ ‫ א‬  
 building  
structural steel  ‫ א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ ‫א‬ 
 sheet  
 ‫ א‬‫ א‬     stiffener   
‫ א‬‫א‬   ‫ א‬‫א‬  
structural steel   
 ‫ א‬ ‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬   structural    
hollow section
  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫ א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  

 
 ‫א‬ struts  E‫א‬F
stud shear ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 connectors  
 ‫א‬
 substrate  
 
 ETF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ T-section  ETF
  truss  
 ‫א‬ EF    E١F
 EWF
 ‫א‬      W shape
 
‫א‬  E٢F
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ web  EF
 ‫א‬‫א‬ welder  ‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  

 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

DIN EN 10025, 17100 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  
  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  
  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  
  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  
  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  
  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  
  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  
  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  
  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  
  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  
  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  
  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  
  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬  

 ‫א‬‫א‬

1. Stanley, W. Crawley & Robert, M. Dillon (1993), Steel Buildings, Analysis and Design,
4th Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

2. Vazirani, V. N. & Ratwani, M. M. (1984), Steel Structures, Analysis. Design and

Details of Structures, Vol. III, Khanna Publishers, Delhi.

3. Edwin, H. Gaylord, Jr. , Charles, N. Gaylord & James, E. Stallmeyer (1992), Design of
Steel Structures, 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill, Inc.

4. Russell C. Hibbeler (1995), Structural Analysis, 3rd Edition, Prentice Hall International,
Inc.

5. Robert Englekirk (1994), Steel Structures, Controlling Behavior Through Design, John
Wiley & Sons, Inc.

 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬، E٢٠٠٤F‫א‬K٦
 
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٢٠٠٣F‫א‬K٧
 K
 
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٢٠٠٤F‫א‬K٨

، ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ، ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ،E١٩٨٦F    K٩
 K
 
،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،E ١٩٨٧ F    K١٠
 K،
 
W،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،E٢٠٠١FK١١
 K‫א‬
 ‫‪ ٢٥٦‬‬ ‫א‪ ‬‬
‫א‪ ‬‬
‫‪‬א‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬

‫א‪ ‬‬
‫‪ ‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻤﻬﻴﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻻوﻟﻰ‪ :‬اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ و‬
‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ‪٦.......................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .١‬ﻣــﻘــﺪ‬
‫ﻣــﺔ‪...........................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪٧.‬‬
‫‪.2‬ﺻﻨﺎﻋﺔ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ و اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ‬
‫‪٧.........................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﻣﻨﺘﺠﺎت اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ و اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ‬
‫‪٩ ......................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.٤‬اﻟﺼﻠﺐ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ و اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺗﺮآﻴﺒﺔ‪ ١٠.....................................................‬ـــ‪ ٥‬اﻟﺼﻠﺐ‬
‫اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ‪.....................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪١١‬‬

‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ :‬اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺂت اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬

‫‪٢١ ..................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .١‬اﻧﻮاع اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺂت اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬
‫‪٢٢.........................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﻣﻤﻴﺰات اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺂت اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬
‫‪٢٤......................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﻋﻴﻮب اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺂت اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬
‫‪٢٥ .......................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.٤‬اﻧﻮاع اﻷﺣﻤﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺂت اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬
‫‪٢٥.........................................................................‬‬

‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ‪ :‬اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺂت اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ و ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة‬

‫اﻟﻄﻮاﺑﻖ‪٣٠ ...........................................................‬‬
‫‪ .١‬اﻟﻨﻈﻢ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﺔ‪٣١.......................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ و ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذي‬
‫……‪٣٣ ...................................................................‬‬
 ‫‪ ٢٥٦‬‬ ‫א‪ ‬‬
‫א‪ ‬‬
‫‪‬א‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪ .٣‬ﻧﻈﻢ اﻟﺘﺪﻋﻴﻢ ﻟﻤﻘﺎوﻣﺔ أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺮﻳﺎح‬

‫‪٣٩.........................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .٤‬ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ اﻧﺘﻘﺎل اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬
‫‪٤١.. ......................................................................................‬‬

‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ ‪ :‬ﻣﺒﺎدئ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ ﻟﻸﻋﻀﺎء‬

‫اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‪٤٢.. ..............................................‬‬
‫‪.١‬اﻟﺨﻮاص اﻟﻤﻴﻜﺎﻧﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺼﻠﺐ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫‪٤٣........................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎت اﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ و ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻵﻣﺎن‬
‫‪٤٥.................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻷﻋﻀﺎء اﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﺔ إﻟﻰ ‪ :‬ﻗﻮى ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺿﻐﻂ‪ ،‬ﻗﺺ‪ ،‬و ﻋﺰوم اﻻﻧﺤﻨﺎء‬
‫‪٤٧................................‬‬
 ‫‪ ٢٥٦‬‬ ‫א‪ ‬‬
‫א‪ ‬‬
‫‪‬א‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬

‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺴﺔ ‪ :‬اﻟﻮﺻﻼت ذات‬

‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻣﻴﺮ‪٦١.. ........................................................................‬‬
‫‪.١‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫‪............................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪٦٢‬‬
‫‪.٢‬أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻣﻴﺮ و اﻟﺼﻮاﻣﻴﻞ و درﺟﺎﺗﻬﺎ‬
‫‪٦٢.. .......................................................................‬‬
‫‪.٣‬ﺗﻮزﻳﻊ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻣﻴﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮﺻﻼت‬
‫‪٦٣.....................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.٤‬ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻮﺻﻼت اﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻘﻮى ﻗﺺ‬
‫‪٦٤.........................................................................‬‬
‫‪.٥‬رﺳﻢ وﺻﻼت ذات اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻣﻴﺮ‬
‫‪٦٧.......................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.٦‬ﻃﺮق رﺑﻂ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻣﻴﺮ و اﺳﺘﻼﻣﻬﺎ‬
‫‪٦٩.................................................................................‬‬

‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺴﺎدﺳﺔ‪ :‬اﻟﻮﺻﻼت ﺑﺎﻟﻠﺤﺎم‬

‫‪٧٠................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .١‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‪.............................‬‬
‫‪٧١...............................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﻣﺰاﻳﺎ اﻟﻠﺤﺎم‬
‫‪٧٢ .....................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻠﺤﺎم‬
‫‪٧٢.. ...................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .٤‬اﻟﻄﺮق اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺎم ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮرش و اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ‬
‫‪٧٣.................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .5‬ﻋﻴﻮب اﻟﻠﺤﺎم و ﻃﺮق اﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬
‫‪٧٤............................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .٦‬ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ وﺻﻼت اﻟﻠﺤﺎم اﻟﻤﻌﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻘﻮى‬
‫ﻣﺤﻮرﻳﺔ‪٧٤..............................................................‬‬
‫‪ .٧‬اﻟﺮﻣﻮز اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺎم‬
‫‪٧٦.......................................................................................‬‬
‫‪.٨‬رﺳﻢ وﺻﻼت اﻟﻠﺤﺎم‬
‫‪٧٩..............................................................................................‬‬

‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ‪ :‬وﺻﻼت اﻻرﺗﻜﺎز ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺸﺂت اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬

‫‪٨٢............................................................‬‬
 ‫‪ ٢٥٦‬‬ ‫א‪ ‬‬
‫א‪ ‬‬
‫‪‬א‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬

‫‪.١‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‪.........................................................................................................‬‬
‫‪٨٣....‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬أﻧﻮاع اﻟﻮﺻﻼت ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ‬
‫‪٨٤...................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ اﻟﻮﺻﻠﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﺼﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫‪٨٥......................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .٤‬ﻃﺮق ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ اﻟﻮﺻﻼت ﻋﻨﺪ أﻣﺎآﻦ اﻻرﺗﻜﺎز ﻣﻊ اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ‬
‫‪٨٧...................................................‬‬

‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻨﺔ‪ :‬ﻣﺨﻄﻄﺎت ﻣﺸﺎرﻳﻊ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺂت اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬

‫‪٨٨...........................................................‬‬
‫‪ .١‬اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﻤﻌﻤﺎرﻳﺔ اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﺔ‬
‫‪٨٩................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎت اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
‫‪٩١...........................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬اﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫‪٩٢..........................................................................................‬‬
 ‫‪ ٢٥٦‬‬ ‫א‪ ‬‬
‫א‪ ‬‬
‫‪‬א‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬

‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻌﺔ‪ :‬أﻋﻤﺎل ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻴﺔ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬

‫‪٩٧...................................................‬‬
‫‪ .١‬ﻃﺮق اﻟﻘﻄﻊ و اﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬
‫‪٩٨........................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﻃﺮق ﻋﻤﻞ اﻟﺜﻘﻮب‬
‫‪٩٩..............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﺗﺠﻤﻴﻊ اﻷﻋﻀﺎء‬
‫‪١٠٠...............................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .٤‬ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ اﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬
‫اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﻲ‪١٠١......................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .٥‬ﺟﻮدة اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬
‫‪١٠٢ .................................................................................................‬‬

‫اﻟﻮﺣﺪة اﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮة‪ :‬أﻋﻤﺎل ﺗﺸﻴﻴﺪ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺂت اﻟﻔﻮﻻذﻳﺔ‬

‫‪١٠٤...............................................................‬‬
‫‪ .١‬ﺧﻄﻮات اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ و ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‪١٠٥..................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬اﻟﺮاﻓﻌﺎت اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫‪١٠٧ ......................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬اﻟﺘﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ و اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻌﺔ‬
‫‪١٠٧. .......................................................‬‬
‫‪ .٤‬اﻟﻀﺒﻂ اﻷﻓﻘﻲ و اﻟﺮأﺳﻲ و‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﻴﺐ‪١٠٨........................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .٥‬أﻋﻤﺎل ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﺤﺮﻳﻖ‬
‫‪١٠٨.......................................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .٦‬ﺟﻮدة اﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ و اﺳﺘﻼم‬
‫اﻷﻋﻤﺎل‪١٠٩ .............................................................................‬‬
‫‪ .٧‬ﺳﻼﻣﺔ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫‪١١١.......................................................................................‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﺼﻄﻠﺤﺎت اﻟﻔﻨﻴﺔ ……………………………………………………………‪١١٣‬‬

‫ﺟﺪاول اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻸﻋﻀﺎء ﻣﻦ اﻟﻔﻮﻻذ ‪.…………...........................................‬‬

‫‪١١٦‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﺮاﺟﻊ…………………………………………………………………………‬
‫…‬
  ٢٥٦  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬  