EXCELLENCE PHYSICS FORMULAE for CLASS 9th & 10th 1

CLASS 9th & 10th PHYSICS FORMULAE

 PHYSICS:
The branch of science which deals with the study of the properties of matter,
properties of energy and their mutual relationship is called “Physics".

 Example:
When the electric energy (current) is applied to an electric bulb (matter) its
start glowing (mutual relationship). As shown in figure 1.1.

 PHYSICS & ITS SCOPE:

The word physics derive from Latin words “Physica” means “Nature”. According to
this meaning, physics can define as; The study of nature is called “Physics”.
Every phenomenon which exists in the universe, and we want to find the reasons, behind
these phenomena. How and why these phenomena occur, in order to given the answer of the
“How” and “Why”, we will study these phenomena in Physics, and find out their reasons
and their answers.

For Example; The cycle is running, falling bodies, how to change day and night, how the
matter form, how the earth revolve around the sun, even from the smallest particles (quarks,
protons, neutrons, electrons, atoms, element, molecules etc.) to the largest bodies (bus, aero-
plane, earth, sun, star, galaxies, black hole etc.). All these phenomena and the nature of
these particles and bodies will be study in “PHYSICS”.

We can See, because of “PHYSICS”. We can Smell, because of “PHYSICS”. We can

Hear, because of “PHYSICS”. We can Touch, because of “PHYSICS”. We can Walk,
because of “PHYSICS”. We can Thoughts, because of “PHYSICS”. In universe, physics
is involved, in everything. Even as we read these sentences, physics is also involved.
In medical field, if physics is removed, then no treatment is possible, no find the diseases, X-
ray, MRI, S.T. Scan are not possible. Even does not work injection, because during injection
required force and pressure (Physics). Without force and pressure, injected is impossible. If
you eat, you applied force on meals by teeth.
From the whole discussion it is clear that;

Without Physics, Everything is Nothing.

For technologies to develop, physics is essential. So many discoveries of the 20th century
including the laser, television, radio, computer, mobile phone, internet, DNA and nuclear
weapons are credited to advancement in Physics.
EXCELLENCE PHYSICS FORMULAE for CLASS 9th & 10th 2

There are seven base physical quantities and their units are given the table 1.1.

Table 1.1 BASE PHYSICAL QUANTITIES SI BASE UNITS

S. No:

Name Symbol Name Symbol

1. Length L, l, w, s, d, x, r, di, h, de, 𝜆 Meter m
2. Mass M Kilogram Kg

3. Time T, t Second s

4. Temperature Kelvin K
5. Electric Current I, i Ampere A
6. Amount of N Mole mol
Substances
7. Luminous Intensity I Candela cd

Prefix can be written as in the form of the power of 10.

Prefix Symbol Equivalent Prefix Symbol Equivalent

Atto A Deca Da

Femto F Kilo K

Pico P Mega M

Nano N Giga G

Micro µ Tera T

Milli M Peta P

Centi C Exa E

Deci D
EXCELLENCE PHYSICS FORMULAE for CLASS 9th & 10th 3

Chapter No. 2 Chapter No. 2 Chapter No. 3

Speed: Area of Speed-Time Graph: Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion in
term of Linear Momentum:
⃗⃗
1st Equation of Motion: ⃗

Average Speed: Law of Conservation of Linear

2nd Equation of Motion: Momentum:
⃗⃗ ⃗⃗ ⃗⃗
Instantaneous Speed:
Change of Linear Momentum &
3rd Equation of Motion: Collision:
Velocity: ⃗⃗ ⃗⃗
⃗
⃗ 1st Equation of Motion due to
⃗ ⃗ Gravity:
⃗ Change of Linear Momentum &
Explosive Forces:
Average Velocity: ⃗⃗ ⃗⃗
⃗ 2nd Equation of Motion due to
Gravity: ⃗⃗
⃗
⃗⃗
Instantaneous Velocity: ⃗⃗ ⃗⃗
⃗
⃗
3rd Equation of Motion due to
Acceleration: Gravity: Co-Efficient of Static Friction:
⃗
⃗
Where “ ” values is taken to
⃗ ⃗ be negative, when body moves
⃗
against gravity and taken to be
Average Acceleration: positive, when body move Co-Efficient of Kinetic Friction:
⃗ towards center of Earth.
⃗
“ ”.
Instantaneous Acceleration:
⃗
⃗ Chapter No. 3
Newton’s Laws of Motion: Acceleration of Atwood
Slope of Graph: Machine:
1st Law of Motion or Law of ( )
Inertia, Mathematically: ( )
⃗ ⃗ ⃗
Tension of Atwood Machine:
Area of Graph:
2nd Law of Motion
Mathematically: ⃗ ⃗ ( )
( )( )

3rd Law of Motion Centripetal Acceleration:

Slope of Distance-Time
Graph: Mathematically: ⃗ ⃗

Weight: Centripetal Force:

Slope of Speed-Time Graph:
Linear Momentum: ⃗⃗ ⃗
EXCELLENCE PHYSICS FORMULAE for CLASS 9th & 10th 4

Chapter No. 3 Chapter No. 4 Chapter No. 6

Mass Energy Equivalence OR
Centrifugal Force: Second Condition of Einstein Famous Equation:
Equilibrium:
⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ Where “c” is universal constant
and called speed of light i.e.
Chapter No. 4 ⃗ ∑⃗

Addition of Force or Vector:

⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ Chapter No. 5
Law of Universal Gravitation:
Resolution of Force or Efficiency:
Vector:
⃗ ⃗ ⃗
Mass of Earth:

Components Represented in
term of Force or Vector:
Percentage Efficiency:

Acceleration due to gravity on

Force or Vector Represented Surface of Earth:
in term of its Components:
Power:
√
Variation of “g” with Altitude:
Direction of given Force or
Power in term of Force &
Vector Represented in term ( ) Velocity:
of its Components:
⃗ ⃗
[ ] ( )
Horse Power:
Orbital Velocity OR Speed in
Center of Mass: Circular Orbit:
One Kilo Watt Hour:
√
Torque or Moment of Force:
⃗ ⃗ ⃗ Chapter No. 7
Anti-clockwise torque will be
Chapter No. 6 Density:
Work Done:
positive & clockwise torque
⃗ ⃗
will be negative. Pressure:

First Condition of Kinetic Energy:

Equilibrium: Atmospheric Pressure:
⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ⃗ ( )
Gravitational Potential
Energy: One Bar (Weather Map):
⃗ ∑⃗ ( )
Elastic Potential Energy:

Where “k” is called spring

constant.
EXCELLENCE PHYSICS FORMULAE for CLASS 9th & 10th
Chapter No. 7
Pascal Principle:
Liquid Pressure:
Archimedes Principle:
Buoyant Force = weight of
displace fluid;
Greater the volume of an
object, greater will be
buoyant force and vice versa
so;
Relation between Weight &
Density:
Hook’s Law:
Stress:
Strain:
Young’s Modulus:
Heat: , Internal Energy: ,
Temperature:
Internal Energy:
5
Chapter No. 8 Chapter No. 8
Conversion between
Centigrade or Celsius & Co-efficient of Real Expansion
Fahrenheit Scales: of Liquid:
( )
( )
And;
Co-efficient of Apparent
Expansion of Liquid:
Conversion between
Centigrade or Celsius &
Kelvin:
Heat Capacity (Thermal
Capacity):
And;
Linear Thermal Expansion of Specific Heat Capacity (Specific
Solid: Heat):
( )
Where “ ” is co-efficient of
Relation between Heat
linear thermal expansion;
Capacity & Specific Heat
Capacity:
Volume (Cubical) Thermal
Expansion of Solid:
( )
Where “ ” is co-efficient of Specific Latent Heat of Fusion:
volume thermal expansion;
Specific Latent Heat of
Vaporization:
Relation between Co-efficient
of Linear & Volume (Cubical)
Thermal Expansion of Solid:
Chapter No. 9
Rate of Flow of Heat:
Thermal Expansion of Liquid:
Volume of Liquid Expansion =
Volume of Container Expansion
+ Volume of Apparent
Expansion; Thermal Conductivity:
( )
EXCELLENCE PHYSICS FORMULAE for CLASS 9th & 10th
CLASS 10th
Chapter No. 10
Time Period:
Frequency:
Equation of Simple
Harmonic Motion:
Where “ ” is constant called
angular velocity.
Motion of Mass Attached to
Spring Execute Simple
Harmonic Motion
(Equation):
Time Period of Mass
Attached to Spring:
√ (
Frequency of Mass Attached
to Spring:
√
Motion of Simple Pendulum
Execute Simple Harmonic
Motion (Equation):
Time Period of Simple
Pendulum:
√ 𝜆
Frequency of Simple
pendulum:
√
Chapter No. 10
Relationship among Speed,
Frequency and Wavelength of
Wave:
𝜆 the same plane.
Where “𝜆” is called wavelength
and define as; the distance
between two consecutive crest
or trough of the waves is called
“Wavelength”.
Chapter No. 11
Sound Intensity:
Sound Intensity Level:
( )
( )
)  Convex Mirror: The
Speed of Sound Waves:
Speed of Sound Waves in Air:
Where “ ” the temperature, for
each “ ” rise in temperature,
the speed of sound increases
approximately by “ ”.
General Wave Equation:
Distance of the Reflection &
Echo of Sound Wave:
6
Chapter No. 12
Laws of Reflection of Light:
First Law: The incident ray,
the reflection ray and the
normal to the surface, all lie in
Second Law: The angle of
reflection “ ” must be equal
to the angle of incident “ ”
i.e.
Spherical Mirror:
 The small section of
polish sphere is called
“Spherical Mirror”.
 There are two types of
spherical mirror i.e.
Concave Mirror and
Convex Mirror.
 Concave Mirror: The
inside surface of the
spherical mirror is called
“Concave Mirror”.
outside surface of the
spherical mirror is called
“Convex Mirror”.
EXCELLENCE PHYSICS FORMULAE for CLASS 9th & 10th 7

Chapter No. 12 Chapter No. 12 Chapter No. 12

Some Term about the Snell’s Law:

Spherical Mirror:  Focal Length: The The product of the index of
distance between the refraction of the first medium
focal point to the pole or and the sine of the angle of
vertex of the spherical incident must be equal to the
 Center of
mirror is called “Focal product of the index of refraction
Curvature: The
Length”. It is denoted by of the second medium and the
center of sphere from “f”. Focal length of
which the spherical sine of the angle of refraction.
concave mirror taken to Mathematically;
mirror is obtained is be positive while focal
called “Center of length of convex mirror
Curvature”. It is taken to be negative. Critical Angle:
denoted by “C”. Focal length is always The incident angle for which the
 Pole or Vertex: The equal to the half of angle of reflection becomes
mid-point of the radius of the curvature “ ” is called “Critical Angle”. It
mirror is called “Pole i.e. is denoted by “ ”. i.e.
or Vertex”. It is  Distance of Object:
denoted by “P”. The distance from the
 Principal Axis: The spherical mirror to the Total Internal Reflection:
line which passes object is called “Distance The process in which the angle
through the center of of Object”. It is denoted of incident is greater than the
by “ ”. critical angle, the light comes
curvature to the pole
 Distance of Image: back to the first medium
or vertex is called according the laws of reflection
The distance from the
“Principal Axis”. It is is called “Total Internal
spherical mirror to the
denoted by “Pa”. image is called “Distance Reflection”. There are two
 Radius of of Image”. It is denoted conditions for the total internal
Curvature: by “ ”. reflection i.e.
The distance between
the centers of The Mirror Equation: 1. The light must travel from
curvature to the mid- denser medium to the
point of the spherical lighter medium.
mirror is called 2. The angle of incident
“Radius of Curvature”. Magnification of Mirror: must be greater than the
It is denoted by “R”. The ratio of the height of the critical angle i.e.
 Focal Point: The rays image to the height of the object
which are parallel to is called “Magnification”. It is
the principal axis and denoted by “M”.
fall on the spherical
mirror and after
reflection, these rays Refractive Index:
are converges at a The ratio of the speed of light in
point, is called “Focal vacuum to the speed of light in
Point”. It is denoted by a material is called “Refractive
“F”. Index”. It is denoted by “n”.
EXCELLENCE PHYSICS FORMULAE for CLASS 9th & 10th 8

Chapter No. 12 Chapter No. 12 Chapter No. 12

Critical Angle formula: Lenses: Some Term about the Lenses:

We know that from Snell’s  A piece of transparent

law; optical materials that  Center of Curvature:
focus or disperses a beam The center of sphere
of light by refraction is from which the lens is
“ ” is the angle of incident called “Lenses”.
obtained is called
i.e. “ ” and “ ” is the  There are two types of lenses
“Center of Curvature”. It
angle of refraction i.e. i.e. Concave Lens and
Convex Lens. is denoted by “C or 2F”.
“ ”. So;
 Concave Lens: The center  Optical Center: The
part is thin and the edges mid-point of the lens is
part is thick is called called “optical Center”. It
When the angle of refraction “Concave Lens”. is denoted by “O”.
becomes “” then the angle of  Convex Mirror: The center  Principal Axis: The line
incident is called “Critical part is thick and the edges which passes through
Angle”. Now putting “ ” part is thin is called “Convex the center of curvature
and “ ” we will get; Lens”. to the optical center is
called “Principal Axis”. It
is denoted by “Pa”.
 Radius of Curvature:
We know that; , The distance between the
then; centers of curvature to the
( )
optical center of the lens
is called “Radius of
Curvature”. It is denoted
Dividing both sides by “ ” by “R”.
we will get;
 Focal Point: The rays
which are parallel to the
principal axis and fall on
Taking “ ” of the both
the lenses and after
sides we will get;
refraction, these rays are
( ) converges at a point, is
This is critical angle formula. called “Focal Point”. It is
denoted by “F”.
EXCELLENCE PHYSICS FORMULAE for CLASS 9th & 10th 9

Chapter No. 12 Chapter No. 12 Chapter No. 12

Angular Magnification: Angular Magnification of
 Focal Length: The The ratio between the angular Compound Microscope:
distance between the size “ ” of the final image
focal point to the produced by the instrument to a
optical center of the reference angular size “ ” Where “ ” is the distance of
lens is called “Focal without optical instrument is image from lens, “ ” is the focal
Length”. It is denoted called “Angular magnification”. It length of objective lens, “N” is the
by “f”. Focal length of is denoted by “ ” and near point and “ ” is the focal
concave lens taken to mathematically is given by; length of eyepiece lens.
be negative while focal
length of convex lens Angular Magnification of
taken to be positive. Telescope:
Focal length is always Angular Magnification of
equal to the half of Simple Microscope:
radius of the curvature Where “ ” is the focal length of
[ ]
i.e. objective lens and “ ” is the
 Distance of Object: Where “f” is the focal length, focal length of eyepiece lens.
The distance from the “ ” is the distance of image
lens to the object is from lens and “N” is the near Chapter No. 13
called “Distance of point.
Object”. It is denoted There are two special cases in Coulomb’s Law:
by “ ”. simple microscope i.e.
 Distance of Image: Case No: 1
The distance from the If “ ” then; Where “k” is Coulomb constant
lens to the image is for vacuum its value is;
[ ]
called “Distance of
Image”. It is denoted [ ]
by “ ”. This coulomb constant is also
written as;
The Lenses Equation: [ ]

[ ] Where “ ” is called permittivity

Magnification of Lenses: of free space and its value is;
The ratio of the height of the
image to the height of the
object is called If there is a material between the
“Magnification”. It is denoted Case No: 2 charges then;
by “M”. If “ ” then;
[ ] Where “ ” is the permittivity of
the materials.
[ ]

[ ]

[ ]
EXCELLENCE PHYSICS FORMULAE for CLASS 9th & 10th
Chapter No. 13
Electric Field Intensity:
Electric Potential:
Electric Potential
Difference:
Capacitor:
Where “C” is called
“Capacitance of Capacitor”.
Equivalent Capacitance of
Series Combination of
Capacitors:
Equivalent Capacitance of
Parallel Combination of
Capacitors:
Chapter No. 14
Electric Current:
Ohm’s Law:
We=here “R” is called
“Electrical Resistance”.
Electrical Resistance:
Electrical Resistance in term
of Length, Area and
Resistivity:
Where “ ” is called resistivity
of the material.
Chapter No. 14
Equivalent Resistance of Series
Combination of Resistors:
Equivalent Resistance of
Parallel Combination of
Resistor:
Electric Power:
Electrical Energy:
Joule’s Law:
Where “J” is called Jules’s
Mechanical Equivalent of heat.
Chapter No. 15
Force on a Current Carrying
Conductor in a Magnetic Field:
Where “I” is the current, “L” is
the length and “B” is the
magnetic field.
Turning Effect on a Current
Carrying Coil in a Magnetic
Field:
Where “B” is the magnetic field,
“I” is the current and “A” is the
area of the coil.
10
Chapter No. 15
Electromagnetic Induction:
The phenomena in which the
voltage and current is produce
by the changing of the magnetic
field through the close coil (loop)
is called “Electromagnetic
Induction”.
The current is called “Induced
Current” and the voltage is
called “Induced EMF (Electro
Motive Force)”.
Magnetic Flux:
The magnetic field lines are
passes through the cross-section
area of the coil (loop) which is
placed perpendicular to the
magnetic field is called “Magnetic
Flux”. It is denoted by “ ” and
mathematically is given by;
Faraday’s Law of
Electromagnetic Induction:
The induced EMF in the coil
(loop) is directly proportional to
the negative change of magnetic
flux per time is called “Faraday’s
law of Electromagnetic
Induction”. Mathematically is
given by;
Where negative sign shows that
the induced EMF is always
opposite in direction to the
changing magnetic flux (Lenz’s
Law) and “N” is the number of
turns of the coil.
Lenz’s Law:
This law state that; “The induced
current and induced EMF is
always opposite in direction to
its cause which is produced it”.
Mutual Induction:
EXCELLENCE PHYSICS FORMULAE for CLASS 9th & 10th 11

Chapter No. 15 Chapter No. 15 Chapter No. 16

Transformer: 2). Step-down Transformer: AND Logic Gate:
The transformer which converts The logic gate in which the
 A device which High AC Voltage to Low AC output is ON when both inputs
converts High AC Voltage is called “Step-down “A” and “B” are ON is called
voltage to Low AC Transformer”. “AND Logic Gate or AND Gate”.
Voltage and Low AC In Step-down transformer, the The Boolean Equation for AND
Voltage to High AC number of turns in primary coil Gate is;
Voltage is called is greater than the number of
“Transformer”. turns in secondary coil,
 It consists of two coils; i.e. Truth Table of AND Gate:
one is called “Primary
Truth Table AND
Coil” act as an input
Gate
the other is called Force on a charge Particles Input Output
“Secondary Coil” act as Moving in a Magnetic Field:
an output. A B X=AB
 The number of turns Where “q” is the charge of the 0 0 0
in primary coil is given particles, “v” is the 1 0 0
denoted by “ ” and velocity of charge particles and 0 1 0
the voltage in primary “B” is the magnetic field. 1 1 1
coil is denoted by “ ” Chapter No. 16
and the number of Logic Gate: OR Logic Gate:
turns in secondary coil A systematic ordered that The logic gate in which the
is denoted by “ ” and control the flow of electric output is ON when the input “A”
the voltage in primary current through a circuit is or input “B” is ON is called “OR
coil is denoted by “ ”. called “Logic Gate”. Logic Gate or OR Gate”.
The numbers used for logic gate The Boolean Equation for OR
known as binary number i.e. Gate is;
The Relation between the
Voltage & Number of Turns “0” and “1”.
in Transformer: Logic “0” stands fro OFF and
Logic “1” stands for ON. Truth Table of OR Gate:
Boolean Equation: Truth Table OR Gate
The specific equations is used Input Output
There are two types of
for logic gate is called “Boolean A B X=A+B
transformer;
Equation”. It is different for
different logic gate. 0 0 0
1). Step-up Transformer: 1 0 1
Truth Table of Logic Gate:
The transformer which 0 1 1
The operation of the logic gate is
converts Low AC Voltage to 1 1 1
summarized by the table such
High AC Voltage is called
table is called “Truth Table”.
“Step-up Transformer”. NOT Logic Gate:
The total number of possible
In Step-up transformer, the The logic gate in which the
combinations in the truth table
number of turns in primary output is ON when input OFF is
is determine by the following
coil is less than the number called “NOT Logic Gate or NOT
formula;
of turns in secondary coil, Gate”.
i.e. The Boolean Equation for NOT
Where; N = the total number of
possible combinations Gate is;
̅
n = the total number of
input variables
EXCELLENCE PHYSICS FORMULAE for CLASS 9th & 10th 12

Chapter No. 16 Chapter No. 18 Chapter No. 18

Truth Table of NOT Gate: Alpha Decay: Half Life:
Truth Table NOT ( ) The time taken for the half of the
Gate radio-active nuclei in a simply to
Input output Where “X” is the parent decay is called “Half-Life”. The
̅ element, “Y” is the daughter number of remaining nuclei after
element and alpha particle “ ” half-life is determining by;
0 1 is basically helium nucleus
1 0 “ ” and “Q” is the amount of ( )
energy which is released in this Where “N” is the number of
NAND Logic Gate: process. remaining nuclei after half-life
The combination of AND and and “ ” is the original nuclei
NOT Gates is called “NAND Beta Decay: and “n” is the number of half-
Logic Gate or NAND Gate”. It In case of Electron; life.
is inverts of AND Gate. ( ) Number of Half Life:
The Boolean Equation for
NAND Gate is; Where “X” is the parent
̅̅̅̅ element, “Y” is the daughter
element and beta particle “ ” Nuclear Fission:
Truth Table of NAND Gate: is basically electron and “Q” is The process of splitting of nuclei
Truth Table NAND the amount of energy which is into intermediate size nuclei is
Gate released in this process. called “Nuclear Fission”.
Input Output In case of Positron;
̅̅̅̅ Where “n” is neutron and “U” is
( ) uranium and “X” and “Y” are the
0 0 1
1 0 1 intermediate size nuclei.
Where “X” is the parent
0 1 1
element, “Y” is the daughter
1 1 0
element and beta particle “ ”
is basically positron and “Q” is
NOR Logic Gate:
the amount of energy which is
The combination of OR and
released in this process.
NOT Gates is called “NOR
Logic Gate or NOR Gate”. It is
Gamma Decay:
inverts of OR Gate.
( )
The Boolean Equation for
NOR Gate is;
̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅ Where “ ” is the element in
excited state, “ ” is the element
in de-excited state and gamma
Truth Table of NOR Gate:
particle “ ” is basically
Truth Table NOR Gate electromagnetic waves
Input Output (radiation) (EMW).

̅̅̅̅̅̅̅̅
0 0 1
1 0 0
0 1 0
1 1 0
EXCELLENCE PHYSICS FORMULAE for CLASS 9th & 10th 13

 NUCLEAR PHYSICS:

The branch of physics in which we study the properties of nucleus and other fundamental particles in
nucleus is called “Nuclear Physics”.

 Element:

The pure form of a matter is called “Element”, such as copper, gold, silver etc.

 Atom:

The smallest particle of an element is called “Atom”. In a particular element, all the atoms are same
but in different elements, atoms are different in one particular element from the other, such as all the
atoms are same in copper element, but atoms in the copper element is different from the atoms in the
gold element or from the other element.

 Nucleus:

Nucleus consists of protons and neutron, protons and neutrons collectively called “Nucleon”. Two
particles (proton and neutron) are about 1840 times more massive than electron.
Electrons are revolved around the nucleus in allowed specific orbits (shells), these shells and nucleus
combine to form atoms, and similar atoms combine to form element, and different atoms combine to
form compound.

 Atomic Number:

The number of protons in the nucleus is called “Atomic Number”, denoted by “ ”.

The atom is neutral (no react with other atom) then the number of protons “ ” in the nucleus must be
equal to the number of electrons “ ” in the orbit of an atom i.e.

After reaction the number of electron is change in the atom i.e. some of the atoms gain the electrons
and some of the atoms loss the electrons.

 Mass Number:

The sum of protons number and neutrons number in the nucleus is called “Mass Number”,
Or the total number of nucleon in the nucleus is called “Mass Number” denoted by “ ”.

 Generally Representation of Element, Atomic Number & Mass Number:

Generally represent the element by “ ” and written as;

Where “ ” is represent the element, “ ” represent the mass number and “ ” represent the atomic
number.

 For Example:

;“ ” is element called sodium, “ ” is atomic number i.e. “ ” and “ ” is mass number

i.e. “ ”
So the atomic number is “ ”, then number of protons and electrons are also “ ” i.e. “
”
The number of neutron can be determined by the following method;
We know that; the sum of protons number “ ” and neutrons number “ ” is called “Mass Number”,
“ ”. i.e.
EXCELLENCE PHYSICS FORMULAE for CLASS 9th & 10th 14

And the protons number is also called “Atomic number”, “ ”. i.e. “ ”, then above equation
becomes;

Subtracting “ ” from both sides we have;

This is the formula for the determined the number of neutron in the given atom.
So in sodium the number of neutron is given by;
and then;

So there are “ ” neutrons in sodium atom.

 Other Example:

Find the atomic number “ ”, mass number “ ”, protons number “ ”, electrons number “ ”
and neutrons number “ ” in the uranium atom.

 Solution:

and generally; comparing then;

and

 Size of Atom and Size of Nucleus:

The size of atom is “ ” and the size of nucleus is “ ”.

From this calculation, it is clear that the atomic size is “ ” greater than the nucleus size or
nucleus size is “ ” smaller than the atomic size.