Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories

Chem 16
Module 5

1st Semester SY 2020 – 2021

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 Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories
5.1. Electron Groups
Chem 16
Module 5

1st Semester SY 2020 – 2021

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 INTRODUCTION: Meet Kim and Mika
Hello! I am
Kim

And I’m
Mika!
We will be your guide as
you explore the various
shapes of compounds We will learn various theories
that will show us where
electrons in molecules stay
Don’t forget to fill-up your worksheets as and how properties of
we go along. Look for “Do the ff:” given compounds are explained by
for Module 5.1 to 5.5. Hand write all these theories
your answers! If you do not have a
printer, use any paper.
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Figure commissioned from: Dork-Sen Art
 Learning • Discuss the different types of electron groups
Objectives • Identify the electron group geometry of a covalent compound/polyatomic
ion
I’m excited to • Identify the molecular group geometry of a covalent compound/polyatomic
go through all ion
these in
Module 5! • Determine the polarity of a covalent compound/polyatomic ion based on
molecular geometry
• Determine the hybridization of the orbitals in the central atom of a
covalent compound
• Draw the molecular orbital diagrams for homogeneous second period
diatomic molecule/ion
• Write the molecular orbital configuration of a homogeneous second period
diatomic molecule/ion
• Determine the bond order and magnetic property of a homogeneous
second period diatomic molecule/ion
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 Electron Configuration
So far, what do we know? Module 4

In Module 3, we
learned about
electron
configurations 1s 2s 2p
C
Lewis Structures
Module 5 In Module 4,
we learned
about Lewis
structures

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 Ball and Stick (3D) Lewis Structure (2-D)
Going from 2-D to 3D
In this module we
will learn how to go
from a two-
dimensional Lewis
structure to three-
dimensional shapes
like this ball and
stick structure.

Do you know what helps

predict the shape of a
molecule?
ELECTRON GROUPS!

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Figure taken from: https://wou.edu/chemistry/courses/online-chemistry-textbooks/ch105-consumer-chemistry/ch105-chapter-5-organic-chemistry/
 Learning • Discuss the different types of electron groups
Objectives • Identify the electron group geometry of a covalent compound/polyatomic
ion
Ahh, so that’s • Identify the molecular group geometry of a covalent compound/polyatomic
why this is what ion
we need to
discuss first! • Determine the polarity of a covalent compound/polyatomic ion based on
molecular geometry
• Determine the hybridization of the orbitals in the central atom of a
covalent compound
• Draw the molecular orbital diagrams for homogeneous second period
diatomic molecule/ion
• Write the molecular orbital configuration of a homogeneous second period
diatomic molecule/ion
• Determine the bond order and magnetic property of a homogeneous
second period diatomic molecule/ion
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 5.4.1 ELECTRON GROUPS
(ALSO CALLED ELECTRON DOMAINS)
Bonding Electron Groups: Non-Bonding Electron Groups:
• Single Bond • Lone Pair
• Double Bond • Single Electrons
• Triple Bond

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 5.4.1 ELECTRON GROUPS
Bonding Electron Groups: Non-Bonding Electron Groups:
• Single Bond • Lone Pair
• Double Bond • Single Electrons
• Triple Bond Each of these
count as ONE
electron group

Start your worksheet

by writing this
information in table
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5.1
9
 MULTIPLE BONDS AS ONE ELECTRON GROUP

In a double or triple bond,

all electrons are on the
same side of the central
atom, so each counts as
ONE electron group

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 SCHEME FOR PROBLEM SOLVING: HOW TO DETERMINE THE
NUMBER OF ELECTRON GROUPS AROUND A CENTRAL ATOM

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 SCHEME FOR PROBLEM SOLVING: HOW TO DETERMINE THE
NUMBER OF ELECTRON GROUPS AROUND A CENTRAL ATOM
Let’s follow
these steps to
determine the
number of
electron groups
around NH3

Write these
steps in your
worksheet
under scheme
for problem
solving!

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 SCHEME FOR PROBLEM SOLVING: HOW TO DETERMINE THE
NUMBER OF ELECTRON GROUPS AROUND A CENTRAL ATOM
First we draw
the Lewis
structure

If you still do not

know how to draw
Lewis structures,
please consult
with your lecturers!
We are here to
help you out!

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 SCHEME FOR PROBLEM SOLVING: HOW TO DETERMINE THE
NUMBER OF ELECTRON GROUPS AROUND A CENTRAL ATOM

Now that we
have the Lewis
structure for
ammonia, lets
count the
number of
electron groups
around the
central atom

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 SCHEME FOR PROBLEM SOLVING: HOW TO DETERMINE THE
NUMBER OF ELECTRON GROUPS AROUND A CENTRAL ATOM

There you go,

there are 4
electron groups
around N in
ammonia.

4 electron groups

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 It’s time for you
TEST YOURSELF 1 to do these
problems!
Write your
answers in your
worksheet!

How many electron groups are around the central atom in

the following?
1. Phosphorus pentafluoride (PF5) 3. nitrite ([NO2]-)

2. Xenon tetrafluoride (XeF4) 4. hydrogen cyanide (HCN)

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 First draw their
Lewis
structures

TEST YOURSELF 1
How many electron groups are around the central atom in
the following?
1. Phosphorus pentafluoride (PF5) 3. nitrite ([NO2]-)

2. Xenon tetrafluoride (XeF4) 4. hydrogen cyanide (HCN)

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 Now let’s
count!

TEST YOURSELF 1
How many electron groups are around the central atom in
the following?
1. Phosphorus pentafluoride (PF5) 3. nitrite ([NO2]-)

2. Xenon tetrafluoride (XeF4) 4. hydrogen cyanide (HCN)

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 Now let’s
count!

TEST YOURSELF 1
How many electron groups are around the central atom in
the following?
1. Phosphorus pentafluoride (PF5) 3. nitrite ([NO2]-)

2. Xenon tetrafluoride (XeF4) 4. hydrogen cyanide (HCN)

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 TEST YOURSELF 1
How many electron groups are around the central atom in
the following?
1. Phosphorus pentafluoride (PF5) 3. nitrite ([NO2]-)

5 Got it?
3 Each
counts
as ONE
2. Xenon tetrafluoride (XeF4) 4. hydrogen cyanide (HCN) electron
group

6 2
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