STATISTICS IS THE GRAMMAR OF SCIENCE

PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS

LECTURE – 15
ADDITION LAW
AND
MULTIPLICATION LAW

PREPARED BY
HAZBER SAMSON
FAST NUCES ISLAMABAD
MT-2005 PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS LAWS OF PROBABILITY

ADDITION LAW OF PROBABILITY

If A and B are any events then

P A  B   P A  PB   P A  B 

If A, B and C are any events then

P A  B  C   P A  PB   PC   P A  B   PB  C   P A  C   P A  B  C 

NOTE THAT

1. If A and B are mutually exclusive events then

P A  B   P A  PB 

2. In probability (or, all) means union ie  .

3. In probability (and, both) means intersection ie  .
4. To show that events A and B are mutually exclusive prove that P A  B   0

5. To show that events A and B are collectively exhaustive prove that P A  B   1

COMBINED EVENTS

1. P A  B   P( A )  P( B)  P( A  B)
c c c

2. PA  B   P( A)  P(B )  P( A  B )
c c c

3. P A  B    P ( A )  P( B )  P ( A  B )
c c c c c

4. PA  B   P A  P A  B
c

5. PA  B  PB  PA  B

c

PA  B   P A  B   1  P A  B 
c c c
6.

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PREPARED BY HAZBER SAMSON SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES DPT FAST ISLAMABAD

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