S.A.

ENGINEERING COLLEGE,CHENNAI-77
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

ME1301A-Engineering Thermodynamics
IA-1 two marks answers
1.Explain homogeneous and heterogeneous system. Give
examples.
A system having same chemical composition and physical structure throughout is called
homogeneous system e.g. water, stream, vapours etc. While a system having different
chemical composition and structure is called heterogeneous system e.g. mixture of ice and
water, non-Miscible liquids (kerosene and Mercury)

2.Distinguish between macroscopic energy and microscopic energy

in Thermodynamics.
Macroscopic Energy: instead of studying parameters at molecular level, the behavior of
total system in terms of properties.

Microscopic Energy: A matter consists of myriads of molecules, the properties of matter

such as pressure, velocity, position and energy etc.,

3.Prove that for an isolated system, there is no change in internal

energy.
For any isolated system there is no heat, work and mass transfer.
Q = W =0

According to the first law of thermodynamics,

Q=W+dU
dU=0

4.Define thermodynamic equilibrium.

System is said to be in thermodynamically equilibrium when there is no change in any
Macroscopic property of the system. i.e. the temperature and pressure at all points should
be Same, there should be no velocity gradient there should be no chemical reactions.

5.Define Clausius statement.

It states that heat can flow from hot body to cold body without any external aid but heat
can Flow from cold body to hot without any external aid.
6.What are the Corollaries of Carnot theorem.
●All the reversible engines operating between the two given thermal reservoirs with Fixed
temperatures have the same efficiency.
●The efficiency of any reversible heat engines operating between two reservoirs is
Independent of the nature of the working fluid and depends only on the temperatures Of
the reservoirs.

7.Define the term COP?

Co-efficient of performance is defined as the ratio of heat extracted or rejected to Work
input.

COP=Heat rejected or extracted/work output.

(COP)HP=TH/TH-TL

(COP)ref =TL/TH-TL

8.Define Entropy & Availability.

Entropy: Entropy is an index of unavailability or degradation of energy. Availability:

When a system is subjected to a process from its initial state to dead state the maximum
amount of useful work that can be obtained under ideal condition(without dissipative
effects) is called as a available energy or exergy or availability of the system .

9. Why Carnot cycle cannot be realized in practical?

(i) In a Carnot cycle all the four processes are reversible but in actual practice there is no
process is reversible.
(ii) There are two processes to be carried out during compression and expansion. For
isothermal process the piston moves very slowly and for adiabatic process the piston
moves as fast as possible. This speed variation during the same stroke of the piston is
not possible.

(iii) It is not possible to avoid friction moving parts completely.

10. Define Kelvin Planck Statement.

It is impossible for a heat engine to produce network in a complete cycle if it exchanges
heat only with bodies at a single fixed temperature.