States of Matter

What is Matter?
Matter is defined as everything that
occupies space and has mass.
3 States of Matter

Solid Liquid Gas

 Solid
is relatively rigid, with definite volume and
shape. In a solid state, the atoms and
molecules are attached to each other.
 definite Properties of Solid
shape and
volume

hard to
compress

particles are does not

compact conform to
the shape of
the container

high density
 Liquid
is in definite volume but able to change shape by
flowing. In a liquid form, the atoms and molecules
are loosely bonded.
Properties of Liquid

no definite
shape
particles are
has a definite less compact
volume and not neatly
low density organized
relative to
solids

it flows
 Gas
has no definite volume or shape.
 highly
indefinite
compressible
shape and
volume

Properties of Gas

particles are low density

far apart
conforms to
the shape of
the container
MASS, VOLUME,
AND DENSITY
 WHAT IS MATTER?

Matter is all the “stuff” that exists in

the universe. Everything you can see
and touch is made of matter,
including you! The only things that
aren’t matter are forms of energy,
such as light and sound. In science,
matter is defined as anything that has
mass and volume.
DEFINITION OF MASS
Mass is the amount of matter in an object.

It is measured in kilograms or grams using a

balance.

Mass does not change with location.

Q: Refer to the picture above. If the fruit were at a lower level
than the iron object, what would be the mass of the fruit?
A: The mass of the fruit would be greater than 1 kg.
MASS VS WEIGHT
Mass is commonly confused WEIGHT.

Weight measures the force of gravity acting on

an object. It is commonly measured in pound
(lb)

Mass does not change with location, but weight

does. So your weight is different on Earth and
on the Moon.
CALCULATING WEIGHT
Q: With Earth’s gravity, an object with a mass of 1 kg has a weight of 2.2
lb. How much does a 10 kg object weigh on Earth?

A: A 10 kg object weighs ten times as much as a 1 kg object: 10 × 2.2 lb =

22 lb
DEFINITION OF VOLUME
Volume is the amount of space an object takes up.

It is measured in cubic units such as liters or cubic

meters.

The formula to calculate volume depends on the shape

of the object.
DEFINITION OF DENSITY

Density is the amount of matter contained in a given

volume.
It is calculated by dividing mass by volume.

The unit for density is typically grams per cubic

centimeter (g/cm³).
 CALCULATIONS
Density is mass per unit volume. The formula is D = M/V. To find mass, use a balance scale. To find volume, use a
graduated cylinder or displacement method.