Density and Volume

Density
- Is how much mass is packed into a given area

Mass
- How much matter much an object contains

Volume
- Is the amount of space an object takes up

Examples

Ex. 1
1. What is density CO gas is 0.196g occupies the volume of 100ml.

Formula: Density = Mass ÷ Volume

1. Mass = 0.196g
2. Volume = 100ml
3. 0.196g / 100ml

Answer:
Density = 0.00196 g/ml
Do Not Forget The units if you forget your answer will be wrong.
 The Density of Liquids, Defined Solids, and
Undefined Solids

Density of Liquids

- To measure the volume of a substance you would use a graduated cylinder.

𝑚
- One can also use a formula to find the density of the substance. Which is 𝑑 = 𝑉 .

How to!

- To start, use a graduated cylinder to find the volume of the fluid. Use the balance to
measure the volume of the object. Next, you will need to deduct the empty portion of
the graduated cylinder to get the volume of the liquid or substance.

Density of Defined Solids

- To find the volume of the solid substance; you need to find the length, the width, and
the height.
Formula: 𝑙 × 𝑤 × ℎ
- If you find the volume of the solid. You can plug it into the formula to get u density.
𝑚
Formula: 𝑑 = 𝑉

Example

- A cube can be an example. If you are trying to find the volume to get the density you
need to find the length, width, and height. You will need to use the balance to measure
the mass of the solid(substance).

Density of Undefined Solids

- To find undefined shapes such as a rock or broken glass shard. You will need water to
define the volume.
- The formula is different for the volume of undefined solids. You will need to subtract
the before and after of the volume once you drop the object.

How to!

1. To find the volume you need a graduated cylinder to fill it up with water to put in the
object.
 2. To find the volume you have to record the water before and after dropping the object.

Mass and Weight

Mass
- Used to compare solids, liquids, and gases
- The unit to measure mass is a kilogram (kg) or a Triple-beam balance

Weight
- Is determined by a planet’s gravitation pull. The more gravitational pull an object has the more
it weighs
- It is measure in what we call a Newton (N) 𝑊=𝑚×𝑔
𝑊stands for Weight. 𝑚stands for mass and 𝑔is the gravitational pull of a planet.
- A spring scale is used to measure the weight of an object.

Example
- An astronaut’s mass on Earth can 120kg and it can also be 120kg on the Moon.
But the weight of an astronaut on Earth is the mass times 10 which equals 1,200 Newtons (N)
but the weight on the Moon is 200N.
- Mass does not change on different planets. 𝑚 × 10 = 𝑁𝑒𝑤𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠 (𝑁)
- While the weight does change on a different planet.
 Physical Properties

A U.S penny has a mass of 2.5

How much matter an object contains, and you grams, while a U.S nickel has a
can determine the mass of an object by using a mass of 4 grams. A U.S nickel is
Mass triple-beam balance. The unit that is measured is heavier than a U.S penny.
in milligrams(mg), grams(g), and kilograms(kg)

Objects with lower density are most likely to
float, while objects with a higher density are
most likely to sink.
Relative Density
An ice cube can float on water
because its density is low. While an
iPhone has more density do it will
sink. Wood, apples, plastic, etc. can
float since they have a low density.

If a substance dissolves in water it is defined as Sugar is a soluble substance. You

soluble. If a substance is soluble it will start to
get smaller and smaller until it can no longer be
Solubility
seen to the human eye.
can see it when it's all together but
when put into a liquid substance
like water it will start to dissolve
until you can’t see it. But if you try
to taste the water, you will be able
to tell there is sugar in it.

Electrical Electricity flows like a circle. It flows from the A computer needs to be charged.
power source to the object that needs to be So, you plug in a charger. A charger
Conductivity
powered. is plugged into an energy source to
charge the computer or laptop.
 Solids, gasses, and liquids are all states of
matter. Atoms of a solid are tightly packed
Physical State together, solids have a certain shape that does
not change. Atoms of liquids are many lice, but
they are still close together, liquids can change
their shape. Gasses are apart they are not close
together; it does not have a certain shape.
Water is a liquid it can change its
shape. A coin is solid, it cannot
change shape. Oxygen is a gas it
does not have a shape; its atoms are
far apart.

Physical and Chemical Change

Chemical Change
- occurs when one substance
produces one or more new
substances

Physical Change
- a change to the physical
properties of a substance
- such characteristics as
shape (volume and size), color,
texture, flexibility, density, and
mass.