EE451/551 Wind Energy

Baosen Zhang

© 2021 B. Zhang & University of Washington

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 How to contact me?

• Office: EE M310
• Office hours:
– Wednesdays 3:30-4:30 pm
– By appointment (send me an email with EE
451/551 in the subject)
• Email: zhangbao@uw.edu

© 2021 B. Zhang & University of Washington

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 Textbooks

• No required textbook
• Reference: Wind Energy: An Introduction

70 of course material in here

Lots of mistakes in the book

© 2021 B. Zhang & University of Washington

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 Other resources

• Wood & Wollenberg, Power System

Generation, Operation & Control
• Glover, Overbye, Sarma, Power system
analysis and design
EE 454

© 2021 B. Zhang and the University of Washington

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 Website
http://zhangbaosen.github.io/teaching/EE451
Use the course website:
• To check for announcements
• To get copies of the lecture slides and other material
• To get the homework and project assignments

Canvas site: https://canvas.uw.edu/courses/1431517

• Grading, homework submission

© 2021 B. Zhang & University of Washington

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 Grading

• Homework: 40%
• Midterm: 30%
• Final Examination: 30%
The final grade will take into account the fact
that there are both undergraduate and graduate
students in the class
We will make COVID related adjustment if
needed

© 2021 B. Zhang & University of Washington

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 Policy

• Exams (midterm and final):

– Take home, open to all technologies
– No communication between each other
• Midterm: Middle of Feb
• Final: March 12
A 15 Tue
• Homework
– Weakly homework
– Discussions are fine, write your own solutions

© 2021 B. Zhang & University of Washington

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 Programming

• There are a lot of optimization software out

there, we just require basic calculations

solve for X
e.g
Ax b
oxo b 5 1
A
a function
graph
e
g pix x t e t fogy
© 2021 B. Zhang & University of Washington
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 Prerequisites

• Ideals
Thingy you should know
– Energy Systems (e.g., active, reactive power)
– Matrix algebra (e.g., inverse)
– Circuits (e.g., Ohm’s law)
• Useful, but not required
– Probability
– Power flow

© 2021 B. Zhang & University of Washington

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 Course Outcomes
• Explain what how is electrical power obtained from wind
• Perform basic calculations for wind power based on wind
turbine characteristics and terrain
• Explain what are the main considerations for wind power
integration
• Develop basic operating planning tools to accommodate wind
and solar power in power grids
• Discuss the main methods used to allocate recourse to
accommodate wind power uncertainty and variability
• Using storage in power systems
Electricpfer star
wind't device
authclass
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 Topics

III Time

turbine Fin integration

1910 2010 more open

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 Topics

1. Introduction
1. Introduction to the electrical grid
2. Overview of wind power

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 Turbine

2. Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines Wind Speed

1. Wind Turbine Blades
2. Coefficient of Performance
3. Separation of Wind Turbines

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 Statistics

3. Wind/solar Statistics Average Variance and

Standard Deviation
1. Cumulative Distribution Function
2. Probability Density Function
3. Dependency and Repeatability

© 2021 B. Zhang & University of Washington

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 Inside the Turbine

4. Overview of Wind Turbines

– Classification of Wind Turbines
– Types of Generators
– Speed of Rotation
– Power Conversion
– Control Actions
– Types of Wind Turbines

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 Generator

5. Induction Generator
– Description of the induction machine
– Mathematical representation of the machine

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 Generator

6. Synchronous Generator
– Description of the Synchronous Generator
– Salient Pole Synchronous Generator
– Cylindrical Rotor Synchronous Generator

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 Power System Operations

7. Operation of Power Systems

– Goals of power system operation
– Time dependent operating states
reliabilits cost

sustainability

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 Economics

8. Economic Dispatch
– Static system
– Wind and solar?
– Storage?

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 Storage

8. Storing Energy
– Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS)
– BESS operation and degradation
– Value of the BESS

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 Randomness

10. Commitment with Recourse

– Why is recourse needed?
– Stochastic Unit Commitment
– Interval Unit Commitment

© 2021 B. Zhang & University of Washington

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 Introduction

• This course is about wind energy and its

conversion to electricity
• Components of typical power system:
– Supply sources: source of power
– Load sinks: consumes power
– Transmission system: transmits power

w
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 Circuit Representations
of wind turbine
different types
induction generator

iii
afar
syn gen

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 Power

• Power is the rate at which energy is

transferred, used, or transformed
• Power units: J/s=Watts (W)
– Watts = volts × amperes turbines MW
wind
103 W sawn 15mW
KW a

106W 10 kW nuclear powergem

MW
u 26W

ANAvg US power consumption 500GW

Aug person I kw
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 Energy

• Energy: integration of power over time

E Spit It
• Units:
– Joules = watt x second (J)
– kWh s awh
– Btu = 1055 J

© 2021 B. Zhang & University of Washington

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The Electrical Grid

500,000 miles
of high voltage
lines
20,000 generators
increase

120million loads
increase
 Managing Complexity

• Idealized systems have no redundancy, so the

power system would not work if any
component fails
• Things fail in the grid
• Build the grid such that it would tolerate
failures (N-1 secure)

© 2021 B. Zhang & University of Washington

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 Wind/Solar

• Wind and solar makes things more interesting

intermittent
stochastic
economics

techan'ical

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 Example: BPA (Pacific Northwest)

wind

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 Typical Wind Patterns
speed

power

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predict
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 Why Wind and Solar?

• Sustainability is one of the major challenges in

the next several decades
• Robust to other factors…

© 2021 B. Zhang & University of Washington

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 Wind Production (2015)

By Aflafla1 - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0,

https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=77601151
© 2021 B. Zhang & University of Washington
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 Renewable Goal

currentstat

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 Generation Mix
60 emission source

emission hydro

169

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 US Transmission System

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 Summary

• A redo of the national grid is probably not

going to happen
• Better operations: accommodate stochastic
wind power better
• First step: understand how electricity is
generated from wind

© 2021 B. Zhang & University of Washington

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 Wind vs. Solar

• We will cover how wind power is generated

• They are different technologies
• Forecasting typically require different
algorithms
• A lot of integration issues are common, and
what we cover will be applicable to both

© 2021 B. Zhang & University of Washington

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