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    Plants adapt to different habitats through various physical features. Hydrophytes lack cuticles and stomata on submerged leaves but have them on floating leaves. They also have aerenchyma tissue and poorly developed vascular systems to float. Halophytes have thick cuticles, sunken stomata, succulent leaves, and salt glands to conserve water and remove excess salt. Their stems are hard and woody with well-developed vascular tissues. Xerophytes also have thick cuticles and succulent leaves and stems to store water. They have reduced leaves, stomata that open at night, and well-developed roots to absorb water in dry conditions.

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    BIO F5 CHAP 7

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    Plants adapt to different habitats through various physical features. Hydrophytes lack cuticles and stomata on submerged leaves but have them on floating leaves. They also have aerenchyma tissue and poorly developed vascular systems to float. Halophytes have thick cuticles, sunken stomata, succulent leaves, and salt glands to conserve water and remove excess salt. Their stems are hard and woody with well-developed vascular tissues. Xerophytes also have thick cuticles and succulent leaves and stems to store water. They have reduced leaves, stomata that open at night, and well-developed roots to absorb water in dry conditions.

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    5 views3 pages

    Bio F5 Chap 7

    Uploaded by

    sigh
    Plants adapt to different habitats through various physical features. Hydrophytes lack cuticles and stomata on submerged leaves but have them on floating leaves. They also have aerenchyma tissue and poorly developed vascular systems to float. Halophytes have thick cuticles, sunken stomata, succulent leaves, and salt glands to conserve water and remove excess salt. Their stems are hard and woody with well-developed vascular tissues. Xerophytes also have thick cuticles and succulent leaves and stems to store water. They have reduced leaves, stomata that open at night, and well-developed roots to absorb water in dry conditions.

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    of 3

    10/27/21, 9:22 PM Penyesuaian Tumbuhan

    Adaptation of Plants to Different Habitats


    We will learn about the adaptations of plants

    7.1 Adaptations of Plants

    Types of plants habitats:

    Halophytes
    Hydrophytes
    Xerophytes
    Mesophytes

    Examples of plants based on different habitats:

    Mesophyte

    Helianthus sp. (Sunflower)


    Zea mays (Maize)
    Musa sp. (Banana)
    Durio sp. (Durian)

    Hydrophyte

    Submerged plants:
    Hydrilla sp.
    Elodea sp.
    Uticularia sp.
    Floating plants:
    Nelumbium sp. (teratai)
    Eichhornia sp. (keladi bunting)
    Platia sp. (selada air)
    Lemma sp. (kambang)

    Halophyte

    Avicennia sp.
    Sonneratia sp.
    Rhizophora sp.
    Brugeria sp.
    Pandanus sp.
    Nyla sp.

    Xerophyte

    Cactus
    Pineapple
    Pine trees

    Characteristics of different habitats:

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    10/27/21, 9:22 PM Penyesuaian Tumbuhan

    Types of plants based on habitat Chracteristics of habitat


    Optimum temperature
    Sufficient water supply
    Mesophyte Optimum air humidity
    Appropriate soil texture

    High temperature at water surface


    Sufficient water supply
    Hydrophyte High air humidity
    Muddy soil

    High temperature
    Insufficient of fresh water supply
    Concentration of mineral salts in water is higher and changes
    Halophyte
    High air humidity
    Sandy soil

    High temperature
    Lack of water supply
    Xerophyte Very low air humidity
    Dry soil

    Adaptive features of plants based on different habitats:

    Hydrophyte

    Adaptive features Explanation


    Leaf

    Cuticle is absent in leaves of submerged plants


    Submerged plants have no stomata
    Stomata are absent in leaves of submerged plants
    Gaseous exchange for submerged plants is through
    Stomata are only present on upper epidermis of
    diffusion of gases in water
    leaves in floating plants
    The upper leaf surface in floating leaves are coated
    with waxy cuticle

    Stem
    To float plants
    Presence of aerenchyma tissue to have air spaces To absorb water and minerals by osmosis
    Vascular tissues are poor developed

    Root
    Roots that anchor the soil is not necessary
    Roots are poorly developed

    Reproduction
    Pollination seldom or unavailable under water
    Reproduction is mainly by asexual methods
    The flowers and seeds are less abundant

    Halophyte

    Adaptive features Explaination


    Leaf
    To conserve water
    Thick cuticle is present in the epidermal layer To store water
    Sunken stomata are present To remove excess salt from
    Leaves are succulent plants
    Salt glands are present on the leaf margin

    Stem For support


    Stems are hard woody and covered with thick bark To transport water and
    Vascular tissues are well developed minerals

    Root To anchor muudy soil


    The roott systems are well developed with prop roots,cable roots,buttress roots or firmly
    pneumatophores For gases exchange

    Reproduction Enable seedlings to be


    Viviparous seeds survived

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    Xerophyte

    Adaptive features Explanation


    Leaf

    Thick cuticle is present in the epidermal layer


    Sunken stomata are present To conserve water
    Leaves are succulent or rolled To store water
    The stoma open during night-time and remain close
    during day-time
    Leaves are reduced in size or needle-like

    Stem
    To store water
    Stems are succulent or woody and covered with thick bark To transport water effectively
    Vascular tissues are well developed

    Root
    To absorbs and pending sources of water and
    The root systems are well developed,elongated with root mineral salts
    hairs

    Reproduction
    To increase the survival of species
    Sexual and asexual reproduction

    Chapter : Adaptation of Plants to Different Habitats


    Topic : Penyesuaian Tumbuhan
    Form 5 Biology

    Related notes
    Organisation of Plant Tissues and Growth
    Leaf Structures and Function
    Nutrition in Plants
    Transportation in Plants
    Response in Plants
    Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
    Biodiversity
    Ecosystem
    Environmental Sustainability
    Inheritance

     Report this note

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