TWO FACTORS AFFECTING PHYSICAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

 Physical growth and development is the product of heredity and environment.

 Heredity – the biological process of the inheritance of traits from parents to the
offspring.
 Environment – the factors an individual is exposed to throughout life which includes
learning and experiences.
o Environment Factors – diet, nutrition, and diseases
 Play an important role in an individual’s physical development.
 Sex and other physical traits – are determined by the combination of chromosomes and
genes during fertilization when the egg and sperm cells unite.
 Chromosomes – threadlike tissues that carries the genes, and are usually found in pairs.
 23 pairs – autosomes or trait chromosomes
 22 pairs – gonosomes or sex chromosomes
 The sex of an offspring depends on the pairing of sex chromosomes (23
pairs) from the father and mother.
 Genes – the basic carrier of hereditary traits and are classified into:
 Dominant – strong genes
 Recessive – weak genes

THEORIES OF PHYSICAL SELF

 Theory of Physiognomy – suggests that a person’s physical characteristics such as facial

features and expressions and body structures could be related to a person’s character or
personality.
 The Face – three-dimensional reflection of “who we are and how life has affected us."
o According to the Chinese practice is three-dimensional.
 Five Element Theory
o makes use of the elements of water, wood, fire, earth, and metal as archetypes
for everything occurring in the natural world.
o Each element is correlated to seasons, colors, shapes, sounds, as well as facial
features, body types, the body's major organs, and behavioral tendencies.
 Face Readers – observe how facial features and markings correspond to a person's
mental, emotional, and physical makeup.
 Hippocrates – in ancient Greece, developed a theory based on the prominence of body
fluids.

THEORY BASED ON THE PROMINENCE OF BODY FLUIDS

- The theory suggests that an excess of or deficiency in any of the four
bodily fluids (or humors) in a person influences their personality,
temperament, and well-being.

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 The Sanguine Type
 has the prominence of red bile.
 tend to be impulsive, cheerful, happy, and optimistic.

The Melancholic
 has the prominence of black bile.
 tend to be depressed and pessimistic.

The Choleric
 has the prominence of yellow bile.
 are easily angry, jumpy, and temperamental.

The Phlegmatic
 has excess phlegm.
 tend to be sluggish, dull, and slow.

 William Sheldon – in the 1940s, has developed a body-type theory based on physical
characteristics.

THE THREE BODY TYPES

1. Endomorphic – soft and plump.
- People with this body type are perceived to be easy going and
sociable.
2. Mesomorphic – characterized by a strong muscular body.
- People who have mesomorphic body type are perceived to be
energetic, adventurous, assertive, and courageous.
3. Ectomorphic – tall and thin.
- People who have this body type tend to be restrained, quiet,
introverted, and artistic.

 Jean Hanner – developed the Wisdom of Your Face

THE WISDOM OF YOUR FACE

 Oval-shaped faces – generally hospitable and tactful.
 Round-faces – tend to be friendly, kindhearted, and selfless.
 Square faces – tend to be witty, analytical, and great leaders.
 Heart-shaped faces – patient and intuitive by nature.
 Long-shaped faces – perfectionists and tend to be aggressive.
 Triangle-shaped faces – tend to be creative, artistic, sensitive, and
determined.
 Diamond faces – very detail-oriented and like to be in control
 Full and thick eyebrows – tend to be confident, assertive, and goal-
oriented.

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  Large or highly-defined jaws – have strong values and firm beliefs.

 An earlier study by Squier and Mew (1981), suggests that persons with long and
angular-shaped faces tend to be more responsive, assertive, and genuine than persons
with short and square-shaped faces who tend to be more restrained, conforming, and
shrewd.

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