 Kolbe’s electrolysis  Hunsdiecker reation

Br2
RCOONa 
 R  H or R  R R  C  OAg 
CCl 4
R  X
||
 Wurtz reaction O
Na / ether
R  X   R  H or R  R  Wurtz reaction
Na
 Frankland’s reaction R  R 
drv ether
R  X
(i) Zn / Ether
R  X (ii) RX
 R  H or R  R
 Frankland reaction
 Corey House synthesis
Zn
Li, CuX R  R  R  X
R  X 
R-X
R  H or R  R dry ether

 Clemmenson’s reduction
Zn - Hg  Corey-House reaction
R  C  R or R  C  H 
HCl
R  H or R  R
|| || Li, Cu
R  R  R  X
O O R 'X

 Wolff Kishner reduction  Finkelstein reaction

NaI
H 2 N  NH 2
R  C  O or R  C  O   R  H or R  R R  I  NaX (X  Cl, Br) 
acetone
R  X
KOH
|| ||
R H  Swart reaction
AgF
 Sabatier Senderen’s reaction R  F  AgX(X  Cl, Br) 
DMSO
R  X
R  C  CH or R  CH  CH 2  Williamson reaction
200-300°C, H 2 RONa
 Ni
 R  H or R  R R  O  R  R  X

 Reed reaction  Streker reaction

Na 2SO3
SO 2  Cl2
R  SO 2 Cl   R  H or R  R R  SO3 Na  R X
hv

 Kolbe’s electrolysis  Sandmeyer’s reaction

R  CH  COOR 
R  CH  CH2 or Cn H2n
|
R  CH  COOK
 Prelischave’s reaction

H3O
R  CH  CH 2   "R  CH  CH 2
| | | |  Gattermann reaction
O O OH OH  –
Cu / HCl
per acid
C6 H 5 N 2 Cl    C6 H 5 Cl  N 2
 R  CH  CH 2 Bnzenediazonium Bromobenzene
chloride

 Kolbe’s electrolysis  Balzschiemann reaction

HC  COONa 
HC  CH or CH3  C  C  R
||
HC  COONa

 Darzen reaction
SOCl 2
R  OH 
Pyridine
RX

Start Loving Organic Chemistry!

 Friedel-craft alkylation reaction  Dow’s Process

 Raschig Process
 Friedel craft acylation reaction

 Benzoylation/Schotten-Baumann Reaction

 Wurtz-fittig reaction
Na
C6 H 5 Br  CH 3 Br 
Either
 C6 H 5 CH 3  2NaBr

 Ullmann reaction

 Willamson Ether Synthesis

 Victor meyer’s Method or RBC Test

 Gatterman Aldehyde Synthesis

 Gattermann Koch Aldehyde Synthesis

 Kolbe – Schimdt Reaction

 Willamson continuous ether process

Conc. H 2SO4 , 140 C
C2 H5 OH  C2 H 5  O  C2 H 5

Start Loving Organic Chemistry!

 Friedel craft reaction  Clemmensen Reaction
®
ª
Zn  Hg
C  O 
HCl
 ®ª CH 2

 Red P+HI
®
ª
Re d
C  O 
P  HI
 ®ª CH 2

 Cannizaro Reaction

 Perkin’s Reaction
 Stephen’s Reaction
R  C  N  SnCl2  HCl  R  CH  NH
Imine

hydrolysis
 R  C  H
||
O  Hell-Volhard Zelinsky Reaction
 Rosenmund Reduction O O
|| ||
CH 2  C  OH  red P  Cl2 
 CH 2  C  OH
| |
H Cl

 Hoffmann bromamide reaction


Br2 4KOH
R  C  NH2  Amine  2KBr  K2CO3  2H2O
||
 Riemer-Timann Reaction O

 Schmidt reaction

N3 H / H
R  C  OH   Amine +N 2 (g)  CO 2 (g)
||
O

 Aromatic Aldehyde only  Curtius reaction


(i) NaN 3 (ii) H 3 O
R  C  Cl   Amine +N 2 (g)  CO 2 (g)
||
O

 Lossen reaction

 Wolf-Kishner’s Reaction dry HCl

H O
R  NH 2
3
® NH 2  NH 2 ® Alkyl a min e
ªC  O 
KOH. H 2 O 2 ª CH 2

Start Loving Organic Chemistry!

 Gabriel phthalimide reaction

CuBr
  
(i) KOH (ii) R  X

 R  NH 2
(iii) H 3 O
Alkyl a min e

 Wurtz reaction
CuCN / 
  
2KOH
R  N  C  O  R  NH 2
Alkyl a min e

 Hoffmann Carbyl amine reaction


CHCl3  alc. 3KOH  Balz-Schiemann reaction
R  N  C  3KCl  3H 2 O   R  NH 2

 Sehotten Bauman reaction

NaBF4
O O


|| || 
Ph  C  Cl
R  NH  C  Ph   R  NH 2

 Hoffmann’s mustard oil reaction

CS2 , HgCl2
  Gattermann reaction
RNCS  HgS  R  NH 2
(black ppt )

 Hoffmann’s mustard oil reaction Cu / HCl

  
NHR HgCl2
S  C S
RNH 2 heat
 S  C®ª 
1 SH
Alkyl dithiocarbonic acid

RNC  S  HgS  2HCl

Alkyl isothioyanate Black ppt
(Musterd oil smell)

Cu / HBr
NR 2 HgCl2
S  C S ª
 
R 2 NH  S  C  No reaction
®
2 SH
Dialkyl dithiocarbonic acid

 Sandmeyer reaction

Cu / HNO 2
CuCl
   

Start Loving Organic Chemistry!