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Analisis Ley Desarrollo Economico
Analisis Ley Desarrollo Economico
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K ilKmK_o>^am K] >_?]SmSm· ip_oa ial ip_oa· IK ]> Kx $lQ?_SG> i>l> K] Km>lla]]a
Ga_b^SGa x 0amoK_SFS]SI>I SmG>] ol>m ]> i>_IK^S> $7η ipF]SG>Ia K_ K] 1KlGKl
0pi]K^K_oaIK]/KQSmola$}GS>]"a¼·Ga_PKGR>IK_auSK^FlKIK¼
Ú >IKG]>l>GSb_xi>QaIKKmo>Ga_olSFpGSb_oK^ial>]mKIKFKl?lK>]S{>lR>mo>K] IK
^>l{aIK]KZKlGSGSa}mG>]IK¼
Ú]i>Qao>lIUaIK]>Ga_olSFpGSb_Kmo>l?mpZKoa>]GaFlaIKS_oKlKmKmx^p]o>m¼
Ú] i>Qa IK Kmo> Ga_olSFpGSb_ oK^ial>] _a mKluSl? Ga^a GlLISoa olSFpo>lSa _S mKl?
IKIpGSF]Ki>l>K]i>QaIKaolamS^ipKmoam¼
Úmo>Ga_olSFpGSb_iaIl?Kmo>lmpZKo>>P>GS]SI>IKmIKi>Qaialp_i]>{a^?wS^aIK
^KmKm mS_ kpK mK KwSZ> K] i>Qa IK ]> Gpao> S_SGS>] Kmo>F]KGSI> K_ K] >loUGp]a IK]
bISQa1lSFpo>lSa¼
Ú_ K] G>ma IK lKmSIK_oKm }mG>]Km K_ Gp>Ial· ]> Ga_olSFpGSb_ mK G>]Gp]>l? x i>Q>l?
maFlKK]i>olS^a_SapFSG>IaIK_olaxPpKl>IK]i>Um¼
Ú am_alKmSIK_oKm}mG>]KmK_Gp>Ial·G>]Gp]>l?_xi>Q>l?_]>Ga_olSFpGSb_maFlKK]
i>olS^a_SapFSG>IaK_K]i>Um¼
'HGXFFL²Q
kpSu>]K_oK >] u>]al i>olS^a_S>] IK mp ilS^Kl> uSuSK_I> a >] IK oSKll>m >QlUGa]>m
S^ilaIpGoSu>mIKmpilaiSKI>I·R>mo>IamGSK_oam^S]Ib]>lKmGa_mSIKl>_Iap_aa>^Fam
Ga_GKioam¼
&RQWULEXFL²Q7HPSRUDOVREUHHO3DWULPRQLRGHODV6RFLHGDGHV
>mmaGSKI>IKmkpKiamK>_p_i>olS^a_Sa_KoaSQp>]a^>xal>GS_Ga^S]]a_KmIKIb]>lKm
>] IK ISGSK^FlK IK x lK>]SGK_ >GoSuSI>IKm KGa_b^SG>m IKoKl^S_>l?_ x i>Q>l?_
p_>Ga_olSFpGSb_oK^ial>]maFlKmpi>olS^a_Sai>l>]amKZKlGSGSam}mG>]Kmx ¼
] i>Qa IK ]> Ga_olSFpGSb_ oK^ial>] maFlK K] i>olS^a_Sa IK ]>m maGSKI>IKm mK R>l? IK
Ga_Pal^SI>IGa_]>mSQpSK_oKo>F]>¶
> IKG]>l>GSb_ x i>Qa IK Kmo> Ga_olSFpGSb_ oK^ial>] mK IKFKl? lK>]S{>l R>mo> K] IK
^>l{aIK]KZKlGSGSaS^iamSoSua¼
Ú]i>Qao>lIUaIK]>Ga_olSFpGSb_Kmo>l?mpZKoa>]GaFlaIK]amS_oKlKmKmx^p]o>m¼
Úmo>Ga_olSFpGSb_iaIl?Kmo>lmpZKo>>P>GS]SI>IKmIKi>Qaialp_i]>{a^?wS^aIK
mKSmÊË^KmKmmS_kpKmKKwSZ>K]i>QaIK]>Gpao>S_SGS>]¼
Ú] i>Qa IK Kmo> Ga_olSFpGSb_ oK^ial>] _a mKluSl? Ga^a GlLISoa olSFpo>lSa i>l> K]
i>QaIK]amS^ipKmoam_SmKl?IKIpGSF]Ki>l>K]i>QaIKaolamS^ipKmoam¼
6HH[FHSW¹DQGHHVWDFRQWULEXFL²QD
Ú >mK_oSI>IKmxK^ilKm>miqF]SG>mÁ
Ú^SmSa_KmISi]a^?oSG>m·Ga_mp]>lKmxalQ>_Sm^amS_oKl_>GSa_>]KmÁ
ÚKS_moSopGSa_KmmS_}_KmIK]pGla¼
6DQFL²QSRUIDOWDGHSUHVHQWDFL²QGHGHFODUDFLRQHVFRUUHVSRQGLHQWHVDODV
&RQWULEXFLRQHV
]0KluSGSaIK/K_o>m_oKl_>mm>_GSa_>l?Ga_p_lKG>lQaIK]ïIK]u>]alIKoKl^S_>Ia·
^?mS_oKlKmKm·mS_iKlZpSGSaIK]>mlKmia_m>FS]SI>IKmiK_>]Km>]>mkpKR>x>]pQ>l¼
3OD]R
am mpZKoam i>mSuam kpK IKmKK_ >GaQKlmK >] /LQS^K_ ^iamSoSua 7a]p_o>lSa· 3_SGa x
1K^ial>] i>l> ]> /KQp]>lS{>GSb_ IK GoSuam K_ K] woKlSal ]a iaIl?_ R>GKl R>mo> K] IK
ISGSK^FlKIK¼
+HFKRJHQHUDGRU
m ]> ilKmK_o>GSb_ IK ]> IKG]>l>GSb_ Zpl>^K_o>I> K_ ]> kpK ^>_S}KmoK ]> ua]p_o>I
SllKuaG>F]KIK>GaQKlmK>]lLQS^K_S^iamSoSua>]0KluSGSaIK/K_o>m_oKl_>m¼
%DVHLPSRQLEOH
mo>l?Ga_moSopSI>ialK]^a_oaIK]am>GoSuamIKGp>]kpSKlG]>mKkpKIKG]>lK^>_oK_KlK]
mpZKoai>mSuaGa_GaloK>] IKISGSK^FlKIK¼
ammpZKoami>mSuamkpKmK>GaZ>_>KmoKlLQS^K_·i>Q>l?_]>mmSQpSK_oKmo>lSP>m¶
]^ipKmoa3_SGax1K^ial>]i>l>]>/KQp]>lS{>GSb_IKGoSuamK_K]woKlSal_aiaIl?
mKlpoS]S{>IaGa^aGlLISoaolSFpo>lSa·_SGa^aQ>moaIKIpGSF]Ki>l>]>IKoKl^S_>GSb_IK
aolamS^ipKmoam¼
p>_Ia mp iKl^>_K_GS> K_ K] i>Um· S_G]pxK_Ia >pmK_GS>m Kmial?ISG>m mK> IK IU>m
G>]K_I>lSa a ^?m· Ga_mKGpoSuam a _a· K_ p_ ]>ima IK ^KmKm IK_ola IK Iam iKlSaIam
}mG>]Km¼
_G>maIKkpK]>iKlma_>>GlKISoKmplKmSIK_GS>}mG>]K_p_i>l>Uma}mG>]aZplSmISGGSb_
IK^K_alS^iamSGSb_·IKFKl?ilaF>lkpKR>iKl^>_KGSIaK_KmKi>Um>]^K_am IU>m
G>]K_I>lSa·Ga_mKGpoSuama_a·K_K]KZKlGSGSaS^iamSoSuaGallKmia_ISK_oKxkpKK]_qG]Ka
ilS_GSi>] IK mpm >GoSuSI>IKm a S_oKlKmKm KGa_b^SGam mK K_GpK_ol>_ K_ Km> ZplSmISGGSb_·
G>maGa_ol>lSamKilKmp^Sl?mplKmSIK_GS>}mG>]K_K]Gp>Ial¼
] _qG]Ka ilS_GSi>] IK mpm >GoSuSI>IKm a S_oKlKmKm KGa_b^SGam l>ISkpK_ K_ Gp>Ial· IK
Pal^>ISlKGo>aS_ISlKGo>¼
"a R>x> iKl^>_KGSIa K_ _S_Qq_ aola i>Um a ZplSmISGGSb_ ^?m IK IU>m G>]K_I>lSa·
Ga_mKGpoSuama_a·K_K]KZKlGSGSaS^iamSoSua¼
7DEODSURJUHVLYDGHLPSXHVWRDODUHQWDSHUVRQDVQDWXUDOHV
0K Kmo>F]KGK p_> _pKu> o>F]> ilaQlKmSu> i>l> ]SkpSI>l K] S^ipKmoa > ]> lK_o> IK ]>m
iKlma_>m_>opl>]KmxIK]>mmpGKmSa_KmS_ISuSm>m¶
*DVWRVSHUVRQDOHV
>miKlma_>m_>opl>]KmQa{>l?_IKp_>lKF>Z>IKmp^ipKmoa>]>/K_o>G>pm>Iaialmpm
Q>moamiKlma_>]Km·>i]SG>F]K>_oKmIKS^ipo>lGlLISoamolSFpo>lSam¼
,>l>Kmo>F]KGKlK]^a_oa^?wS^aIK]>lKF>Z>·mKIKFKl?_aFmKlu>l]>mmSQpSK_oKmlKQ]>m¶
>Ë0SmplK_o>Flpo>>_p>]ÊS_G]pxK_IaS_QlKmamKwK_oamË_aKwGKIKIK· l>GGSa_Km
?mSG>mKmQl>u>I>mÊ Ë·K]^a_oa^?wS^aIK]>lKF>Z>ialQ>moamiKlma_>]KmmKl?K]
kpKlKmp]oKIK>i]SG>l]>mSQpSK_oKPbl^p]>¶
ÚÚÚ/è wï
ÚÚÚFË0SmplK_o>Flpo>>_p>]ÊS_G]pxK_IaS_QlKmamKwK_oamËKwGKIKIK· ¶
ÚÚÚ/è wï
a_IKi>l>]am]SoKl>]Km>xF¶
/è/KF>Z>ialQ>moamiKlma_>]Km
è ] u>]al kpK lKmp]oK ^K_al K_olK ]am Q>moam iKlma_>]Km IKG]>l>Iam IK] iKlSaIa }mG>]
>_p>]xK]u>]alIK]>G>_>mo>F?mSG>^p]oSi]SG>IaialmSKoK¼
"ao>¶ 0K Ga_mSIKl>l? K] u>]al IK ]> >_>mo> >^S]S>l ?mSG>· >] ^Km IK ISGSK^FlK IK]
KZKlGSGSaK_K]Gp>]mK]SkpSI>K]S^ipKmoa·mKQq_]amI>oamkpKipF]SkpKK]" ¼
,038(672$/$5(17$
,QJUHVRV([HQWRV
_>ZK_>GSb_aG>mSa_>]IKS_^pKF]Km
am QK_Kl>Iam ial ]> K_>ZK_>GSb_ aG>mSa_>] IK S_^pKF]Km lK>]S{>I> ial iKlma_>m
_>opl>]Km·mSK^ilKkpKmKol>oKIKS_^pKF]KmIKmoS_>Iam>uSuSK_I>·xoKllK_am¼
_uKlmSa_Km>i]>{a}Za
0K ISm^S_pxK K] i]>{a IK K^SmSb_ IK IU>m > IU>m· i>l> ]> >i]SG>GSb_ IK ]>
Kwa_Kl>GSb_ IK ]am lK_IS^SK_oam x FK_K}GSam aFoK_SIam ial iKlma_>m _>opl>]Km x
maGSKI>IKmK_]amIKibmSoam>i]>{a}ZaKS_uKlmSa_KmK_lK_o>}Z>¼
/K_IS^SK_oam}_>_GSKlamIKIKpI>iqF]SG>
am lK_IS^SK_oam }_>_GSKlam alSQS_>Iam K_ ]> IKpI> iqF]SG> KGp>oalS>_> >Ral> mK
K_GpK_ol>_ Ql>u>Iam Ga_ S^ipKmoa > ]> lK_o> ol>m ]> IKlaQ>GSb_ IK] _p^Kl>] IK]
>loUGp]a¼
_>ZK_>GSb_IK>GGSa_Km
mo>l?_KwK_o>mIK^ipKmoa>]>/K_o>]>mpoS]SI>IKmkpKiKlGSF>_]>mmaGSKI>IKmx]>m
iKlma_>m _>opl>]Km ilauK_SK_oKm IK ]> K_>ZK_>GSb_ IK >GGSa_Km· i>loSGSi>GSa_Km· p aolam
IKlKGRamlKilKmK_o>oSuamIKG>iSo>]·lK>]S{>I>mK_Fa]m>mIKu>]alKmKGp>oalS>_>m¶
Ú>mo>p_^a_oa>_p>]IKPl>GGSa_KmF?mSG>mQl>u>I>mGa_o>lSP>GKlaIK]i>QaIK]
S^ipKmoa>]>lK_o>IKiKlma_>m_>opl>]KmÊ ËxmSK^ilKkpKK]^a_oaol>_mPKlSIa
mK>S_PKlSal>]ïIK]G>iSo>]mpmGlSoaxi>Q>IaIK]>Ga^i>`U>¼
Ú_G>maIKkpK]>a]>mK_>ZK_>GSa_KmmpiKlK_K]ïIK]G>iSo>]mpmGlSoaxi>Q>Ia
IK ]> Ga^i>`U>· ]> ISPKlK_GS> mKl? Ql>u>I> Ga_ p_> o>lSP> q_SG> IK] ï maFlK ]>
poS]SI>IaFoK_SI>IK]>uK_o>·oa^>_IaK_GpK_o>]>KwK_GSb_IK]>m ¼
'HURJDFLRQHV
0KIKlaQ>K]_p^Kl>]ÊmSGËIK]>loUGp]a maFlK]>Kwa_Kl>GSb_IK]^a_oalKS_uKloSIa
ial ]am mpZKoam i>mSuam IKFSI>^K_oK >GlKISo>Iam >_oK ]> 0KGlKo>lU> IK IpG>GSb_
0piKlSal· SK_GS>· 1KG_a]aQU> K __au>GSb_· kpK lK>]SGK_ >GoSuSI>IKm KwG]pmSu>m IK
S_uKmoSQ>GSb_GSK_oU}G>lKmia_m>F]KIK^>_Kl>>pob_a^>xkpKlKS_uSKlo>_>]^K_amK]
ISK{ialGSK_oaIKmpmpoS]SI>IKmK_K]i>UmxK_]>lKPKlSI>>GoSuSI>I¼
0KIKlaQ>K]>loUGp]a ¼maFlKK]FK_K}GSaGp>_Ia]>maGSKI>IGpxaG>iSo>]>GGSa_>lSa·
K_p_^a_oa_a^K_al>]ï·ol>_mPKlU>>oUop]aa_Klama>P>ualIK>]^K_amK]ïIKmpm
ol>F>Z>IalKm· iaIU> ISPKlSl K] i>Qa IK mp S^ipKmoa > ]> lK_o>· R>mo> ial GS_Ga
KZKlGSGSam}mG>]Km·Ga_K]GallKmia_ISK_oKi>QaIKS_oKlKmKm·G>]Gp]>IamK_F>mK>]>o>m>
>GoSu>Galial>oSu>·K_]amoLl^S_amkpKmKKmo>F]KGK_K_K]lKQ]>^K_oaIKKmo>Ú]Kx¼moK
FK_K}GSa Kl> >i]SG>F]K mSK^ilK kpK o>]Km >GGSa_Km mK ^>_oK_U>_ K_ ilaiSKI>I IK ]am
ol>F>Z>IalKm¼
]S^S_>GSb_IKKwa_Kl>GSa_KmIK]^ipKmoa>]>/K_o>
0KK]S^S_>_]>mmSQpSK_oKmKwa_Kl>GSa_Kmi>l>K]i>QaIK]^ipKmoa>]>/K_o>¶
Ú >`am i>l> K] IKm>lla]]a IK S_uKlmSa_Km _pKu>m x ilaIpGoSu>m K_ mKGoalKm
ilSalS{>Iam¼
>`am
Ú i>l>K]IKm>lla]]aIKS_uKlmSa_Km_pKu>mxilaIpGoSu>mK_S_IpmolS>mF?mSG>m¼
>`am
Ú K_K]IKm>lla]]aIKilaxKGoamiqF]SGamK_>maGS>GSb_iqF]SGaÎilSu>I>¼
Ú >`am > S_QlKmam aFoK_SIam ial >GoSuSI>IKm KwG]pmSu>m IK Gp>]kpSKl oKG_a]aQU>
ISQSo>]]SFlKGa_u>]al>QlKQ>IaKGp>oalS>_a¼
>`am
Ú K_]>PpmSb_IKK_oSI>IKmIK]mKGoal}_>_GSKlaiaip]>lxma]SI>lSa¼
Ú >`am i>l>_pKu>m^SGlaK^ilKm>m¼
Ú >`am i>l> ]am mpZKoam i>mSuam kpK mK>_ >I^S_Smol>IalKm p aiKl>IalKm IK p_>
<a_>miKGS>]IKKm>lla]]aGa_b^SG>Ê<˼
'HGXFFLRQHV
KIpGGSb_>ISGSa_>]i>l>]>IKilKGS>GSb_x>^aloS{>GSb_
0K >i]SG>l? ]> IKIpGGSb_ >ISGSa_>] IK] ï > ]> IKilKGS>GSb_ x >^aloS{>GSb_ IK
^>kpS_>lS>m· KkpSiam x oKG_a]aQU>m IK Ga_molpGGSb_ mpmoK_o>F]K· K_ ]> ^KISI> K_ kpK
Gp^i]>_ Ga_ ]am i>l?^Kolam oLG_SGam x Ga_ISGSa_Km Kmo>F]KGSIam K_ ]> _al^>oSu> kpK
i>l> K] KPKGoa K^So> ]> >poalSI>I >^FSK_o>] Ga^iKoK_oK¼ moK Q>moa >ISGSa_>] _a iaIl?
mpiKl>lp_u>]alKkpSu>]K_oK>]ïIK]amS_QlKmamoao>]Km¼
KIpGGSb_>ISGSa_>]i>l>]amQ>moamIKipF]SGSI>I·ila^aGSb_xi>olaGS_Sa
0K>^i]U>]>IKIpGGSb_>ISGSa_>]IK]ï>]ïÚmaFlK]amu>]alKmIKmoS_>Iam>¶
Ú>ualIKIKialoSmo>m·xilaQl>^>mIKialoSuam¼
Ú KG>m a >xpI>m > KmopIS>_oKm IK F>Zam lKGplmam K_ S_moSopGSa_Km KIpG>oSu>m IK
Pal^>GSb_Ip>]xIKoKlGKlaGp>loa_SuK]¼
Ú am >pmiSGSam x i>olaGS_Sam lK>]S{>Iam > K_oSI>IKm KIpG>oSu>m IK _SuK] F?mSGa x
F>GRS]]Kl>oaIKmoS_>Iam>FKG>m·>]S^K_o>GSb_·S_Pl>KmolpGopl>·K_KmGpK]>mxGa]KQSam
iqF]SGamx}mGa^SmSa_>]Km¼
Ú_oSI>IKm mS_ }_Km IK ]pGla Gpx> >GoSuSI>I mK GK_olK K_ ]> Kll>ISG>GSb_ IK ]>
IKm_polSGSb_S_P>_oS]x>oK_GSb_IK^>IlKmQKmo>_oKm¼
KIpGGSb_>ISGSa_>]i>l>KuK_oam>loUmoSGam·Gp]opl>]KmxaFl>mGS_K^>oaQl?}G>m
Ú0K S_G]pxK ]> IKIpGGSb_ >ISGSa_>] R>mo> p_ ï > ]am Q>moam ial alQ>_S{>GSb_·
ilaIpGGSb_xi>olaGS_SaIKaFl>mGS_K^>oaQl?}G>m¼
Ú0Kl?_ IKIpGSF]Km o>^FSL_ ]am Q>moam ial >ialoKm ilSu>Iam i>l> K] Pa^K_oa > ]>m
>loKm·K]GS_Kx]>S__au>GSb_K_Gp]opl>R>mo>p_ï>ISGSa_>]¼
KIpGGSb_>ISGSa_>]ialilaQl>^>m>^FSK_o>]Km
0KiaIl?IKIpGSlK]ï>ISGSa_>]ial]>mIa_>GSa_Km·S_uKlmSa_KmxÂai>olaGS_SamkpKmK
IKmoS_K_ > P>ual IK ilaQl>^>m· Pa_Iam x ilaxKGoam IK ilKuK_GSb_· ilaoKGGSb_·
Ga_mKlu>GSb_· FSaK^ilK_IS^SK_oam· lKmo>pl>GSb_ x lKi>l>GSb_ >^FSK_o>]· mSK^ilK kpK
Kmo>IKIpGGSb__ampiKlKK]ïIK]amS_QlKmamFlpoam>_p>]KmiKlGSFSIamK_K]KZKlGSGSa
S^iamSoSua>_oKlSal¼
6HHOLPLQDQODVVLJXLHQWHVGHGXFFLRQHV
Ú > IKIpGGSb_ IK] ï >ISGSa_>] IK ]>m lK^p_Kl>GSa_Km x FK_K}GSam maGS>]Km ial
S_GlK^K_oa_KoaIKK^i]Kam¼
Ú > IKIpGGSb_ IK] ï >ISGSa_>] IK ]>m lK^p_Kl>GSa_Km x FK_K}GSam maGS>]Km ial
i>Qam>>Ip]oam^>xalKmx^SQl>_oKmlKoal_>Iam^>xalKmIK>`am¼
Ú0KK]S^S_>K]_p^Kl>] IK]>loUGp]akpKKmo>F]KGU>]>mlKQ]>mxGa_ISGSa_Kmi>l>
kpK ]>m ilauSmSa_Km ial IKm>RpGSa x iK_mSa_Km ZpFS]>lKm i>ola_>]Km mK>_
IKIpGSF]Km¼
Ú0KK]S^S_>K]_p^Kl>]IK]>loUGp]akpKKmo>F]KGU>]>mlKQ]>mxGa_ISGSa_Kmi>l>]>
IKIpGGSb_IK]amQ>moamiKlma_>]KmIK]>miKlma_>m_>opl>]Km¼
Ú0K K]S^S_> K] _p^Kl>] IK] >loUGp]a kpK Kmo>F]KGU> ]> IKIpGGSb_ IK] ï
>ISGSa_>]IK]amQ>moamS_GpllSIamial]>m^SGla·iKkpK`>mx^KIS>_>mK^ilKm>m
K_ ]am lpFlam IK G>i>GSo>GSb_ oLG_SG>· S__au>GSb_ oKG_a]bQSG>· ^KZal> IK ]>
ilaIpGoSuSI>I· Q>moam IK uS>ZK· Kmo>IU> x ila^aGSb_ Ga^KlGS>] i>l> K] >GGKma >
^KlG>IamS_oKl_>GSa_>]Km¼
Ú0KK]S^S_>K]_p^Kl>]IK]>loUGp]amaFlK]>IKIpGGSb_>ISGSa_>]IK]ïIK]am
Ú0K K]S^S_> K] mKQp_Ia _p^Kl>] >_oKlSal >] _p^Kl>] IK] >loUGp]a maFlK ]>
IKIpGGSb_ IK] ï >ISGSa_>] ial ]am u>]alKm IK mpK]Iam· FK_K}GSam maGS>]KmÁ x ]>
i>loSGSi>GSb_ IK ]am ol>F>Z>IalKm K_ ]>m poS]SI>IKm· kpK mK KPKGoqK_ > ]am opoalKm
IKmSQ_>Iami>l>]>Pal^>GSb_Ip>]¼
Ú0KK]S^S_>K]_p^Kl>]IK]>loUGp]amaFlK]>IKIpGGSb_IK]ï>ISGSa_>]IK]am
Q>moam kpK KPKGoqK_ ]am Ga_olSFpxK_oKm Gpx> >GoSuSI>I KGa_b^SG> ilS_GSi>] mK> ]>
aiKl>GSb_IKa}GS_>mGK_ol>]S{>I>mIKQKmoSb_IK]]>^>I>m ialGa_GKioaIK
QK_Kl>IaK_]ammKluSGSamIKoK]KPa_U>}Z>x^buS]¼
,QJUHVRVGHODDFWLYLGDGGHXUEDQL]DFL²QORWL]DFL²QWUDQVIHUHQFLDGH
LQPXHEOHV\RWUDVVLPLODUHV
0KS_G]pxKK]mSQpSK_oKi?ll>Pa¶ >miKlma_>m_>opl>]KmamaGSKI>IKm·Gpx>>GoSuSI>I_a
KmoLlK]>GSa_>I>Ga_]>plF>_S{>GSb_·]aoS{>GSb_·ol>_mPKlK_GS>IKS_^pKF]Kmxaol>m
mS^S]>lKm·kpKR>x>_aFoK_SIaS_QlKmamQl>u>Iamial]>ol>_mPKlK_GS>aG>mSa_>]IKp_FSK_
S_^pKF]K·IKoKl^S_>l?_]>poS]SI>IK_]>uK_o>IK]S_^pKF]KGa_Pal^K]aKmo>F]KGSIaK_
K]/KQ]>^K_oa>]>ilKmK_oK Kxx]>S_Galial>l?_>mplK_o>Q]aF>]K_]>lKmiKGoSu>
IKG]>l>GSb_IKS^ipKmoa>]>lK_o>¼
,PSXHVWRDOD+HUHQFLD
Ú0KKwa_Kl>IK]i>QaIK]^ipKmoa>]>KlK_GS>>]amFK_K}GS>lSamIK_olaIK]ilS^Kl
Ql>IaIKGa_m>_QpS_SI>IGa_K]G>pm>_oK¼
Ú1>^iaGa G>pm>l? S^ipKmoa > ]> RKlK_GS> Gp>_Ia K] FK_K}GS>lSa mK> p_a IK ]am
Gb_xpQKmmpiKluSuSK_oKm·mSK^ilKkpK_aKwSmo>_RSZam¼
2WURV
0KmpmoSopxKK]ilS^KlS_GSmaIK]>loUGp]a ialK]mSQpSK_oK¶
¿lo¼ ¼Î,>Qam>]KwoKlSal¼Î0a_IKIpGSF]Km]amQ>moamKPKGop>IamK_K]KwoKlSalkpKmK>_
_KGKm>lSamxKmoL_lK]>GSa_>IamGa_]>QK_Kl>GSb_IKlK_o>mQl>u>I>m·mSK^ilKxGp>_Ia
mKR>x>KPKGop>Ia]>lKoK_GSb_K_]>PpK_oK·mS]ai>Q>IaGa_moSopxKi>l>K]FK_K}GS>lSap_
S_QlKma IK PpK_oK KGp>oalS>_>· mS_ iKlZpSGSa IK ]> IKIpGSFS]SI>I IK ]am Q>moam kpK mK
^K_GSa_>_ > Ga_oS_p>GSb_· kpK _a mK K_GpK_ol>_ mpZKoam > lKoK_GSb_ K_ ]> PpK_oK· >mU
Ga^aIK>kpK]]amG>mamK_kpKISGR>lKoK_GSb__aKmilaGKIK_oKIKGa_Pal^SI>IGa_]a
ISmipKmoaK_ a_uK_Sam_oKl_>GSa_>]KmmpmGlSoamialGp>Ial¼¿
0KmpmoSopxKK]q]oS^aS_GSmaIK]>loUGp]aial]ammSQpSK_oKmi?ll>Pam¶
Õ >m iKlma_>m _>opl>]Km a maGSKI>IKm· Gpx> >GoSuSI>I _a KmoL lK]>GSa_>I> Ga_ ]>
plF>_S{>GSb_·]aoS{>GSb_·ol>_mPKlK_GS>IKS_^pKF]Kmxaol>mmS^S]>lKm·kpKR>x>_aFoK_SIa
S_QlKmam Ql>u>Iam ial ]> ol>_mPKlK_GS> aG>mSa_>] IK p_ FSK_ S_^pKF]K· IKoKl^S_>l?_ ]>
poS]SI>IK_]>uK_o>IK]S_^pKF]KGa_Pal^K]aKmo>F]KGSIaK_K]/KQ]>^K_oa>]>ilKmK_oK
Kxx]>S_Galial>l?_>mplK_o>Q]aF>]K_]>lKmiKGoSu>IKG]>l>GSb_IKS^ipKmoa>]>lK_o>¼
] S^ipKmoa kpK mK RpFSKlK i>Q>Ia > ]am ^p_SGSiSam· K_ Ga_GKioa IK S^ipKmoa > ]>
poS]SI>I K_ ]> Ga^il>uK_o> IK ilKISam plF>_am x i]pmu>]U> IL ]am ^Sm^am mKl?
Ga_mSIKl>IaGa^aGlLISoaolSFpo>lSai>l>IKoKl^S_>lK]S^ipKmoa¼]GlLISoaolSFpo>lSa>mU
Ga_mSIKl>Ia_amKl?^>xal·F>Za_S_Qq_Ga_GKioa·>]S^ipKmoaKmo>F]KGSIaialKmo> Kx¼¿
7$5,)$'(/,038(672$/$5(17$3$5$62&,('$'(6
6HHOLPLQDODVVLJXLHQWHVGHGXFFLRQHV
!SGlaK^ilKm>m
0KK]S^S_>]>IKIpGGSb_>ISGSa_>]KkpSu>]K_oK> i>l>Kmo>F]KGKl]>F>mKS^ia_SF]K
ILmaGSKI>IKmGa_mSIKl>I>m^SGlaK^ilKm>m¼
/KS_uKlmSb_IKpoS]SI>IKm
0KK]S^S_>]>lKIpGGSb_IKip_oamialGK_op>]KmIK]>o>lSP>IK]S^ipKmoa>]>lK_o>>¶
¼ >m maGSKI>IKm Kwialo>Ial>m R>FSop>]Km· >mU Ga^a ]>m kpK mK IKISkpK_ > ]>
ilaIpGGSb_IKFSK_Km¼
¼ >mmaGSKI>IKmIKoplSm^alKGKioSua¼
,PSXHVWRDODUHQWD¹QLFRDODXWLOLGDGHQODHQDMHQDFL²QGHDFFLRQHV
0KK]S^S_>]>o>F]>IKo>lSP>ilaQlKmSu>i>l>]>poS]SI>IK_]>K_>ZK_>GSb_IK>GGSa_KmxmK
Kmo>F]KGKp_S^ipKmoa>]>lK_o>q_SGaGa_o>lSP>IK]ï¼
5HGXFFL²QGHWUHVSXQWRVSRUFHQWXDOHV GHO,PSXHVWRDOD5HQWD
,>l> K] IKm>lla]]a IK _pKu>m S_uKlmSa_Km Qa{>l?_ IK p_> lKIpGGSb_ IK olKm ip_oam
ialGK_op>]KmÊ ïËmaFlK]>o>lSP>IK]/R>mo>ialkpS_GK>`am]>m¶
0aGSKI>IKm·KS_uKlmSa_Km_pKu>m
Ú mSK^ilKxGp>_IaGp^i]>_Ga_]>mGa_ISGSa_Km
xlKkpSmSoamKmo>F]KGSIamK_]> Kx¼Ú
5HGXFFL²QGHFLQFRSXQWRVSRUFHQWXDOHV GHO,PSXHVWRDOD5HQWD
>m maGSKI>IKm x ]>m S_uKlmSa_Km _pKu>m Qa{>l?_ IK p_> lKIpGGSb_ KmiKGS>] IK R>mo>
GS_Ga ip_oam ialGK_op>]Km ÊïË maFlK ]> o>lSP> IK S^ipKmoa > ]> lK_o> >i]SG>F]K ial ]>
mpmGlSiGSb_IK a_ol>oamIK_uKlmSb_mSK^ilKxGp>_IaGp^i]>_Ga_]>mGa_ISGSa_Kmx
lKkpSmSoamKmo>F]KGSI>mK_]> Kx¼
=RQD(VSHFLDOGH'HVDUUROOR(FRQ²PLFR =('( `
0KK]S^S_>]>lKIpGGSb_IKip_oamialGK_op>]KmIK]>o>lSP>IK]S^ipKmoa>]>lK_o>>]am
mpZKoami>mSuamkpKmK>_>I^S_Smol>IalKmpaiKl>IalKmIKp_><¼
5HWHQFLRQHVHQODIXHQWHVREUHSDJRVDOH[WHULRU
Ú0K K]S^S_> K] lKkpSmSoa IK K_Ga_ol>lmK GKloS}G>Ia ial S_Pal^Km KwiKISIam IK
>pISoalKmS_IKiK_ISK_oKmkpKoK_Q>_mpGplm>]Km·}]S>]KmalKilKmK_o>GSb_K_K]i>Um
K_K]G>maIKkpKK]i>Qa_aGa_moSopx>p_S_QlKmaQl>u>IaK_K]Gp>Ial¼
Ú0K K]S^S_> ]> aF]SQ>GSb_ IK] 0KluSGSa IK /K_o>m _oKl_>m K_ Kmo>F]KGKl ^a_oam
^?wS^am x aolam lKkpSmSoam· i>l> kpK >i]SkpK_ >poa^?oSG>^K_oK ]am FK_K}GSam
ilKuSmoamK_]am a_uK_Sami>l>uSo>l]>aF]K^iamSGSb_¼
&U¨GLWRWULEXWDULRSRULPSXHVWRVSDJDGRVHQHOH[WHULRU
0S_ iKlZpSGSa IK ]a Kmo>F]KGSIa K_ Ga_uK_Sam S_oKl_>GSa_>]Km· ]>m iKlma_>m _>opl>]Km
lKmSIK_oKm K_ K] i>Um x ]>m maGSKI>IKm _>GSa_>]Km kpK iKlGSF>_ S_QlKmam K_ K] KwoKlSal
mpZKoam>]S^ipKmoa>]>lK_o>K_K]i>UmIKalSQK_·oSK_K_IKlKGRa>poS]S{>lGa^aGlLISoa
olSFpo>lSa IK] S^ipKmoa > ]> lK_o> G>pm>Ia K_ K] Gp>Ial· K] S^ipKmoa i>Q>Ia K_ K]
Kwol>_ZKla maFlK Kmam ^Sm^am S_QlKmam· R>mo> ]> Gpao> kpK GallKmia_I> >] S^ipKmoa
>olSFpSF]K>ISGRamS_QlKmamK_K]Gp>Ial¼
]0/K^SoSl?]>_al^>oSu>Ga_G>l?GoKlQK_Kl>]kpKlKQp]K]>Pal^>xlKkpSmSoami>l>kpK
K]Ga_olSFpxK_oKipKI>poS]S{>lGa^aGlLISoaolSFpo>lSaK]S^ipKmoai>Q>IaK_K]KwoKlSal¼
,038(672$/9$/25$*5(*$'2
7UDQVIHUHQFLDVTXHQRVRQREMHWRGH,9$
1l>_mPKlK_GS>m x ol>_m^SmSa_Km IK K^ilKm>m x Kmo>F]KGS^SK_oam IK Ga^KlGSa K_ ]am
oLl^S_amKmo>F]KGSIamK_K] bISQaIK a^KlGSa¼
1XHYRVELHQHVJUDYDGRVFRQWDULID
Ú!>mG>lS]]>m·awU^Kolam·>]GaRa]xQK]>_oSF>GoKlS>]mpiKlSal>]ïIKGa_GK_ol>GSb_¼
Ú1a>]]>mm>_So>lS>m·o>^ia_Km·Gai>m^K_molp>]Kmxi>`>]KmIKmKGR>F]Kmiaip]>lKm¼
Ú > S^ialo>GSb_ IK Ga^FpmoSF]Km IKlSu>Iam IK RSIlaG>lFplam· FSaGa^FpmoSF]Km· mpm
^K{G]>mS_G]pSIaQ>mKm]SGp>IamIK]iKolb]KaÊ ,ËxQ>m_>opl>]·IKmoS_>Iami>l>K]
Ga_mp^aS_oKl_aIK]i>Um¼
1XHYRVELHQHVJUDYDGRVFRQWDULID
Ú!>oKlS>]Ga^i]K^K_o>lSakpKmKGa^KlGS>]S{>Ga_Zp_o>^K_oKGa_]am]SFlam¼
Ú SK_Km S^ialo>Iam ial ]am >I^S_Smol>IalKm x aiKl>IalKm IK <a_>m miKGS>]Km IK
Km>lla]]aGa_b^SGaÊ<˼
Ú ?^i>l>m ¼
Ú aGS_>mIKpmaIa^LmoSGaK]LGolSG>mx]>mkpKPp_GSa_K_KwG]pmSu>^K_oK^KIS>_oK
^KG>_Sm^amK]LGolSGamIKS_IpGGSb_·S_G]pxK_Ia]>mkpKoK_Q>_Ral_aK]LGolSGa·>mU
Ga^a ]>m a]]>m IK pma Ia^LmoSGa· ISmK`>I>m i>l> mp poS]S{>GSb_ K_ GaGS_>m IK
S_IpGGSb_ x ]am mSmoK^>m K]LGolSGam IK G>]K_o>^SK_oa IK >Qp> i>l> pma Ia^LmoSGa·
S_G]pxK_Ia]>mIpGR>mK]LGolSG>m¼
1XHYRVVHUYLFLRVJUDYDGRVFRQWDULID
Ú]>llK_I>^SK_oaIKoSKll>mIKmoS_>I>m>pmam>QlUGa]>mx>QlaiKGp>lS>m¼
Ú am mKluSGSam ilKmo>Iam ial Kmo>F]KGS^SK_oam IK >]aZ>^SK_oa oplUmoSGa > oplSmo>m
Kwol>_ZKlam¼SGRamKmo>F]KGS^SK_oamIKFKl?_Kmo>lS_mGlSoamK_K]/KQSmola">GSa_>]
IK1plSm^axGa_o>lGa_]> SGK_GS>3_SG>_p>]IKp_GSa_>^SK_oa¼
1XHYRVVHUYLFLRVJUDYDGRVFRQWDULID
]mp^S_SmolaIKIa^S_SamIKi?QS_>mvKF·mKluSIalKmÊRamoS_QË·Ga^ipo>GSb_K_]>_pFK
ÊG]apIGa^ipoS_Q˼
,038(672$/26&2168026(63(&,$/(6
6HUYLFLRVTXHGHMDU¬DQGHVHUJUDYDGRVFRQ,&(
Ú0KluSGSamIKoK]KuSmSb_i>Q>I>K_]>^aI>]SI>IIKmolK>^S_Q¼
Ú0KluSGSamIKoK]KPa_U>}Z>xi]>_KmkpKGa^KlGS>]SGK_q_SG>^K_oKua{·I>oamxm^m
IK]mKluSGSa^buS]>u>_{>IailKmo>Ia>maGSKI>IKm¼
Ú0KluSGSam IK oK]KPa_U> ^buS]· kpK Ga^KlGS>]SGK_ q_SG>^K_oK ua{· I>oam x m^m IK]
mKluSGSa^buS]>u>_{>IailKmo>Ia>iKlma_>m_>opl>]Km¼
%LHQHVH[RQHUDGRVGH,&(
Ú amuKRUGp]am^aoalS{>IamK]LGolSGamKRUFlSIam¼
ÚpQamGa_Ga_oK_SIa_>opl>]^>xal>]ï¼
%LHQHVTXHGHMDU¬DQGHVHUJUDYDGRVFRQ,&(
Ú amuSIKaZpKQam¼
Ú >]KPa_KmxmSmoK^>mIKG>]K_o>^SK_oaIK>Qp>·IKpmaIa^LmoSGa·kpKPp_GSa_K_
oao>]ai>lGS>]^K_oK^KIS>_oK]>Ga^FpmoSb_IKQ>m¼
Ga_oS_p>GSb_·mKilKmK_o>]>mo>F]>m>Gop>]S{>I>mIK]amFSK_KmkpKKmo?_Ql>u>IamGa_
¶
/2,$
/2,$7
5HJ¬PHQHVGHURJDGRV
Ú0KK]S^S_>K]/LQS^K_^iamSoSua0S^i]S}G>Ia¼
Ú0KK]S^S_>K]/LQS^K_^iamSoSuai>l>!SGlaK^ilKm>m¼
6(&5($(/5*,0(16,03/,),&$'23$5$(035(1'('25(6<
1(*2&,263238/$5(6Å5,03(
6XMHWRSDVLYR
,Klma_>m _>opl>]Km x ZplUISG>m Ga_ S_QlKmam Flpoam >_p>]Km mpiKlSalKm > 20 x R>mo>
20 ¼·>] IKISGSK^FlKIK]>`a>_oKlSal¼K_olaIKKmoKlLQS^K_mKS_G]pxK_
>]am>loKm>_amxK^ilK_IKIalKm¼
([FOXVLRQHVGHO5¨JLPHQ
¼ amkpKR>x>_iKlGSFSIaS_QlKmamFlpoammpiKlSalKm>20 ¼·K_K]KZKlGSGSa
KGa_b^SGaS_^KIS>o>^K_oK>_oKlSal¼
¼ am Ga_olSFpxK_oKm kpK aFoK_Q>_ S_QlKmam ial Ga_ol>oam IK Ga_molpGGSb_·
plF>_S{>GSb_x]aoS{>GSb_¼
¼ am kpK mK IKISkpK_ > ]> ilKmo>GSb_ IK mKluSGSam ilaPKmSa_>]Km· ^>_I>oam x
lKilKmK_o>GSa_Km· ol>_mialoK· >GoSuSI>IKm >QlaiKGp>lS>m· Ga^KlGS>]S{>Ial> IK
Ga^FpmoSF]Km· lK]>GSb_ IK IKiK_IK_GS>· >mU Ga^a >kpK]]am kpK iKlGSF>_
KwG]pmSu>^K_oKlK_o>mIKG>iSo>]xIK^?mkpK^>_oK_Q>_lKQU^K_KmKmiKGS>]KmIK
i>QaIKS^ipKmoa>]>lK_o>mKQq_]> KxIK/LQS^K_1lSFpo>lSa_oKl_a¼
¼ amlKGKioalKmIKS_uKlmSb_Kwol>_ZKl>ISlKGo>·x>kpK]]amkpKIKm>lla]]K_>GoSuSI>IKm
K_>maGS>GSb_iqF]SGaÎilSu>I>¼
¼ am kpK IKm>lla]]K_ mp >GoSuSI>I KGa_b^SG> K_ K] mKGoal IK RSIlaG>lFplam· ^S_Kla·
iKolakpU^SG>· ]>Fal>oalSam ^LISGam x P>l^>GLpoSG>m· S_IpmolS>m F?mSG>m· }_>_GSKla·
KGa_a^U>iaip]>lxma]SI>lS>xmKQplam¼
9LJHQFLDGHO5¨JLPHQ5,03(
0Kl?IK>i]SG>GSb_aF]SQ>oalS>ialK]i]>{aiKlK_oalSaIK >`am¼
7DULIDGHO,PSXHVWR
,>Q>l?_K]^ipKmoa>]>/K_o>Ga_Pal^K>]>mSQpSK_oKo>F]>ilaQlKmSu>¶
'HEHUHV)RUPDOHV
ammpZKoami>mSuammpZKoam>]lLQS^K_/!,oK_Il?_]ammSQpSK_oKmIKFKlKmPal^>]Km¶
¼ ]Ku>l p_ lKQSmola IK S_QlKmam x Q>moam x IKG]>l>l K] S^ipKmoa Ga_Pal^K > ]am
lKmp]o>IamkpK>llaZKK]^Sm^a·K_K]G>makpK]>_al^>oSu>>mU]aISmia_Q>¼
¼^SoSl Ga^ilaF>_oKm IK uK_o> Ga_Pal^K >] /KQ]>^K_oa IK a^ilaF>_oKm IK
7K_o>· /KoK_GSb_ x aGp^K_oam a^i]K^K_o>lSam¼ ,>l> K] G>ma IK ]am _KQaGSam
iaip]>lKmK^SoSl?__ao>mIKuK_o>>]>^i>laIK]>_al^>oSu>uSQK_oK¼
¼ ami>Qam^>xalKm>20¼·kpKKPKGoqK_]amGa_olSFpxK_oKmmpZKoam>KmoK
lLQS^K_IKFKl?_poS]S{>lK]mSmoK^>}_>_GSKla¼
'HFODUDFL²Q\)RUPDGH3DJR
0K]SkpSI>l?IKPal^>>_p>]i>Q>IKlaR>mo>K] IK^>l{aIKG>I>>`a}mG>]¼
,PSXHVWRDOYDORUDJUHJDGRGHO5,03(
K_olaIK]/!,·K]7IKFKl?mKl]SkpSI>Iaxi>Q>IaIK^>_Kl>mK^Kmol>]¼
1RWD
Ú,>l> K] G>ma IK _KQaGSam iaip]>lKm· K] i>Qa IK ]> Gpao> Kmo>F]KGSI> K_ ]> o>F]>
ilaQlKmSu> S_G]pxK K] i>Qa IK] 7 QK_Kl>Ia ial ]> ol>_mPKlK_GS> IK FSK_Km·
ilKmo>GSb_IKmKluSGSamaIKlKGRamkpK>F>lkpKmp>GoSuSI>IIKGa_Pal^SI>IGa_]>
Kx¼
Ú am Ga_olSFpxK_oKm Ga_mSIKl>Iam Ga^a >QK_oKm IK lKoK_GSb_ IK] ^ipKmoa > ]>
/K_o> x IK] ^ipKmoa >] 7>]al QlKQ>Ia il>GoSG>l?_ ]>m lKoK_GSa_Km > ]am mpZKoam
i>mSuam>GaQSIam>]lLQS^K_/!,IKGa_Pal^SI>IGa_]>_al^>oSu>QK_Kl>]xK_
]amialGK_o>ZKmKmo>F]KGSIam^KIS>_oKlKma]pGSb_ialK]0KluSGSaIK/K_o>m_oKl_>m¼
Ú2_> uK{ kpK K] mpZKoa i>mSua RpFSKlK mSIa KwG]pSIa IK] lLQS^K_ /!,· _a iaIl?
S_QlKm>l_pKu>^K_oK¼
5()250$6$/&',*275,%87$5,2
3ULQFLSLRVWULEXWDULRV
]lLQS^K_olSFpo>lSamKlKQSl?ial]amilS_GSiSamIK¶QK_Kl>]SI>I·ilaQlKmSuSI>I·K}GSK_GS>·
Ga_}>_{> ]KQUoS^>· mS^i]SGSI>I >I^S_Smol>oSu>· SllKola>GoSuSI>I· KkpSI>I· ol>_mi>lK_GS> x
mp}GSK_GS>lKG>pI>oalS>¼0KilSalS{>l?_]amS^ipKmoamISlKGoamxilaQlKmSuam¼
-HUDUTX¬D\DSOLFDFL²QGHODVOH\HV
am Pp_GSa_>lSam IK ]> poalSI>I 1lSFpo>lS> >i]SG>l?_ ]>m ]KxKm kpK lKQp]>_ >miKGoam
lK]>oSuam > ]> lK]>GSb_ olSFpo>lS> Ga_ ]am lKmiKGoSuam mpZKoam i>mSuam· Ga_mSIKl>_Ia K]
GlSoKlSaZKl?lkpSGaKwG]pmSuailKuSmoaK_]> a_moSopGSb_IK]>/KiqF]SG>¼
>mlKma]pGSa_Km·GSlGp]>lKmxIK^?m_al^>mIKG>l?GoKl>I^S_Smol>oSua·K__S_Qq_G>ma·
iaIl?_>]oKl>laG>^FS>lK]mK_oSIaIK]>]Kx_S>^i]S>lalKmolS_QSlmp>]G>_GK¼
&ULWHULRVSDUDFDOLÕFDFL²QGHVXVWDQFLDMXU¬GLFD\HFRQ²PLFD
p>_Ia]>poalSI>I1lSFpo>lS>lK>]SGKilaGKIS^SK_oamIKIKoKl^S_>GSb_IKaF]SQ>GSa_Km
olSFpo>lS>m·alKmpK]u>lKG]>^amalKGplmamilKmK_o>Iamial]ammpZKoami>mSuam·xG>]S}kpK
]>KmK_GS>x_>opl>]K{>ZplUISG>IKp_>GoaIK]Ga_olSFpxK_oK·a]>mlK]>GSa_KmKGa_b^SG>m
KPKGoSu>^K_oKKwSmoK_oKmK_olKGa_olSFpxK_oKmGa_ilKmGS_IK_GS>IK]>mPal^>mZplUISG>m
>Iaio>I>m·IKFKl?Ga_mSIKl>l]ammSQpSK_oKmGlSoKlSamPp_I>^K_o>]Km¶
¼0S ]> Pal^> ZplUISG> a KGa_b^SG> KmGaQSI> ial K] Ga_olSFpxK_oK Pal^> i>loK IK ]>m
^aI>]SI>IKm >i]SG>F]Km >] oSia IK >GoSuSI>I KGa_b^SG> a mKGoal IK ]> KGa_a^U> >]
kpKiKloK_KGKK]mpZKoai>mSua¼
¼0S K] lKmp]o>Ia IK ]> Pal^> ZplUISG> >Iaio>I> Km _Kpola· K_ oLl^S_am lKG>pI>oalSam·
oK_SK_IaK_GpK_o>]>iamSFS]SI>IIKkpKK]KuK_op>]>RallaKwiKlS^K_o>Iaialp_>
IK ]>m i>loKm S_ua]pGl>I>m K_ K] lKmiKGoSua Ga_ol>oa iaIlU> R>FKl QK_Kl>Ia p_
GallK]>oSuaS_GlK^K_oa]amS_QlKmamIK]>aol>i>loK¼
¼0S >] ^a^K_oa K_ kpK mK GK]KFlb K] lKmiKGoSua >Goa a Ga_ol>oa mpZKoa > >_?]SmSm·
KwSmoU> p_ ilKGKIK_oK ZplSmilpIK_GS>] aF]SQ>oalSa kpK R>x> lKmpK]oa ]> iKloS_K_GS>
IK] lKmiKGoSua ol>o>^SK_oa olSFpo>lSa >i]SG>Ia ial ]am S_oKlKm>Iam > ISGR> lK]>GSb_
ZplUISG>¼
_oKl_>GSa_>]Km mpmGlSoam ial ]> /KiqF]SG> IK] Gp>Ial mK>_ }K]^K_oK >i]SG>Iam x mK
aoalQpK p_ ol>o>^SK_oa KwiKISoa > ]>m iKoSGSa_Km Pal^p]>I>m ial iKlma_>m _>opl>]Km a
ZplUISG>m_alKmSIK_oKmK_Gp>Ial·kpKmK>^i>lK_K_ISGRamS_molp^K_oam¼
'HODUHVSRQVDELOLGDGGHOUHSUHVHQWDQWHOHJDO
"a mKl? lKmia_m>F]K ma]SI>lSa IK ]>m aF]SQ>GSa_Km kpK mK IKlSuK_ IK mp QKmoSb_· K_ K]
?^FSoaolSFpo>lSa·m>]uaIa]aaGp]i>Ql>uK¼
>m iKlma_>m ZplUISG>m IKFKl?_ lKmia_IKl PlK_oK > oKlGKlam ial ]>m aF]SQ>GSa_Km kpK mK
alSQS_K_ialK]QSlaIKmpm_KQaGSam·R>mo>ialK]u>]alIK]G>iSo>]xK]i>olS^a_Sa¼
wGKioa K_ ]am G>mam K_ kpK mK RpFSKmK_ QK_Kl>Ia ial Gp>]kpSKl oSia IK Pl>pIK·
aG>mSa_>IaialIa]aIK]lKilKmK_o>_oK]KQ>]·K_iKlZpSGSaIK]am>GlKKIalKm·K_GpxaG>ma
KmoKq]oS^aIKFKl?lKmia_IKlial]>m^Sm^>m¼
([WLQFL²QGHODREOLJDFL²QWULEXWDULD
0K>QlKQ>p__pKua^aIaIKKwoS_GSb_IK]>aF]SQ>GSb_olSFpo>lS>ialol>_m>GGSb_¼
7UDQVDFFL²Q
>m aF]SQ>GSa_Km olSFpo>lS>m ipKIK_ mKl aFZKoa IK ol>_m>GGSb_· K_ uSlopI IK ]a Gp>]· p_
ilaGKIS^SK_oa>I^S_Smol>oSuaaZpISGS>]kpKI>Ga_G]pSIa>Ga_mKGpK_GS>IK]am>GpKlIam
i]>m^>Iam K_ p_ >Go> ol>_m>GGSa_>]· K_ p_ >poa a mK_oK_GS>· K^SoSIa ial >poalSI>I
Ga^iKoK_oKxF>Za]>mGa_ISGSa_KmxilKGKioamiKl^SoSIamial]> Kx¼
~4X¨SXHGHVHUPDWHULDGHODFXHUGRWUDQVDFFLRQDO"
> ol>_m>GGSb_ iaIl? uKlm>l maFlK ]> IKoKl^S_>GSb_ x lKG>pI>GSb_ IK ]> aF]SQ>GSb_
olSFpo>lS>·mpmS_oKlKmKm·lKG>lQamx^p]o>m·>mUGa^amaFlK]ami]>{amxP>GS]SI>IKmIKi>Qa
IK]>aF]SQ>GSb_¼
1RWD
"amKl?_aFZKoaIKol>_m>GGSb_]>milKoK_mSa_KmkpKiKlmSQ>_]>>_p]>GSb_oao>]ai>lGS>]
IKlKQ]>^K_oam·alIK_>_{>m·lKma]pGSa_KmxGSlGp]>lKmIKG>l?GoKlQK_Kl>]K^SoSI>mial]>
I^S_Smol>GSb_1lSFpo>lS>¼
'HWHUPLQDFL²QSRUHOVXMHWRDFWLYR
] mpZKoa >GoSua Kmo>F]KGKl? ]> aF]SQ>GSb_ olSFpo>lS>· K_ oaIam ]am G>mam K_ kpK KZKl{> mp
iaoKmo>I IKoKl^S_>Ial>· Ga_Pal^K >] >loUGp]a IK KmoK bISQa· ISlKGo> a
ilKmp_oSu>^K_oK¼
'HXGDVWULEXWDULDV\FU¨GLWRVQRWULEXWDULRV
>m IKpI>m olSFpo>lS>m mK Ga^iK_m>l?_ IK SQp>] ^>_Kl> Ga_ GlLISoam· kpK _a mK R>]]K_
ilKmGlSoam· IK p_ Ga_olSFpxK_oK Ga_ol> K] ^Sm^a mpZKoa >GoSua· ial oUop]am ISmoS_oam IK]
olSFpo>lSa lKGa_aGSIam K_ >Goa >I^S_Smol>oSua }l^K· K_ mK_oK_GS> KZKGpoalS>I>· a ial
Gp>]kpSKlaola^KISaIK]Gp>]mKIKmilK_I>IK^>_Kl>S_KkpUuaG>mplKGa_aGS^SK_oa¼
"amK>I^SoSl?]>Ga^iK_m>GSb_IKGlLISoamGa_K]ilaIpGoaIKolSFpoamlKG>pI>Iamial
iKlma_>m_>opl>]KmaZplUISG>m·kpK>GoqK_Ga^a>QK_oKmIKlKoK_GSb_aIKiKlGKiGSb_¼
&DGXFLGDGHQOD'HWHUPLQDFL²Q
_]amolSFpoamkpK]>]KxKwSZ>IKoKl^S_>GSb_ialK]mpZKoai>mSua·G>IpG>]>P>Gp]o>IIK]>
>I^S_Smol>GSb_i>l>IKoKl^S_>l]>aF]SQ>GSb_olSFpo>lS>K_¶
Ú>`ammS_kpKmKlKkpSKl>IKila_p_GS>^SK_oailKuSa·Ga_o>IamIKmIK]>PKGR>K_
kpKmKilKmK_ob]>IKG]>l>GSb_¼
Ú>`ami>l>K]G>maIK]mpZKoai>mSuakpK_aR>x>ilKmK_o>IampIKG]>l>GSb_¼
Ú>`aGp>_IamKol>oKIKuKlS}G>lp_>GoaIKIKoKl^S_>GSb_il>GoSG>IaialK]mpZKoa
>GoSua a K_ Pal^> ^Swo>· Ga_o>Ia IKmIK ]> PKGR> IK ]> _aoS}G>GSb_ IK o>]Km >Goam¼
0Kl? lKmia_m>F]K K] Pp_GSa_>lSa kpK ial a^SmSb_ K_ K] KZKlGSGSa IK ]> P>Gp]o>I
IKoKl^S_>Ial>R>x>S^iKISIa]>lKG>pI>GSb_¼
&RPSHQVDFL²QRIDFLOLGDGHVSDUDHOSDJR
"a mK Ga_GKIKl?_ P>GS]SI>IKm IK i>Qa maFlK ]am olSFpoam iKlGSFSIam x lKoK_SIam ial
>QK_oKm IK iKlGKiGSb_ x lKoK_GSb_· i>Qam >_oSGSi>Iam p aF]SQ>GSa_Km olSFpo>lS>m Gpxa
^a_oamK>SQp>]a^K_al>]Kmo>F]KGSIai>l>]>maF]SQ>GSa_KmIKlKGpiKl>GSb_a_Klam>·_S
i>l>]>maF]SQ>GSa_KmolSFpo>lS>m>Ip>_Kl>m¼
Ú0K K]S^S_> ]> Kwa_Kl>GSb_ IK] 0 i>l> ]>m _pKu>m S_uKlmSa_Km ilaIpGoSu>m kpK
mpmGlSF>_Ga_ol>oamIKS_uKlmSb_¼
Ú0K K]S^S_> ]> Kwa_Kl>GSb_ kpK lKGSFU>_ ]>m maGSKI>IKm ial ]> lKS_uKlmSb_ K_ K] i>Um
IKmIK>]^K_amK]ïIK]>mpoS]SI>IKmK__pKuam>GoSuamilaIpGoSuam¼
Ú0K K]S^S_> ]> Kwa_Kl>GSb_ IK] S^ipKmoa > ]> lK_o> ial S_uKlmSa_Km K_ S_IpmolS>m
F?mSG>m¼
Ú0KK]S^S_>]>m"al^>mGa^p_Km>]amS_GK_oSuam>_pKu>mS_uKlmSa_KmilaIpGoSu>m¼
Ú0KK]S^S_>]amilaxKGoamIKuSuSK_I>IKS_oKlLmmaGS>]Ga^ailSalSI>IIK]mo>Ia¼
5()250$6$/&',*225*1,&2'(/$352'8&&,1
&20(5&,2(,19(56,21(6
,QYHUVL²QQXHYD
]^KlaG>^FSaIKilaiSKI>IIK>GoSuamK_olKi>loKmlK]>GSa_>I>m·_aS^i]SG>S_uKlmSb_
_pKu>¼
,QYHUVLRQLVWDQDFLRQDO
,Klma_>_>opl>]aZplUISG>KGp>oalS>_>·ilaiSKo>lS>akpKKZKlGKGa_ola]IKp_>S_uKlmSb_
lK>]S{>I> K_ oKllSoalSa KGp>oalS>_a > ol>uLm IK Gp>]kpSKl uKRUGp]a ZplUISGa· Ga^a
}IKSGa^SmamaPa_IamIKS_uKlmSb_¼
(VWDELOLGDGMXU¬GLFDGHODLQYHUVL²Q
IK^?mIK]>Kmo>FS]SI>IolSFpo>lS>·mKiaIl?aoalQ>lKmo>FS]SI>IZplUISG>IK]>_al^>oSu>
mKGoalS>] KmiKGU}G> kpK RpFSKmK mSIa IKG]>l>I> Ga^a KmK_GS>] K_ ]am GallKmia_ISK_oKm
Ga_ol>oam IK Ga_GKmSb_ p aolam oUop]am R>FS]So>_oKm i>l> ]> QKmoSb_ IK mKGoalKm
Kmol>oLQSGama]>ilauSmSb_IKmKluSGSamiqF]SGamaGp>]kpSKlaolaIaGp^K_oaK^SoSIaial
K]K_oKGa_Ga^iKoK_GS>K_K]?^FSoaIK]>S_uKlmSb_¼
] i]>{a IK uSQK_GS> IK ISGR> Kmo>FS]SI>I ZplUISG> mKl? K] ^Sm^a i]>{a IK] Ga_ol>oa IK
S_uKlmSb_¼
9DORU$JUHJDGR1DFLRQDO
] ^S_SmoKlSa > G>lQa IK ]> ia]UoSG> IK ilaIpGGSb_· Ga^KlGSa KwoKlSal K S_uKlmSa_Km·
Ga_Zp_o>^K_oK Ga_ K] alQ>_Sm^a lKGoal IK ]>m Ga^il>m iqF]SG>m· IKm>lla]]>l?_
^KG>_Sm^am iKloS_K_oKm i>l> Pa^K_o>l K] Ga^ia_K_oK _>GSa_>] >QlKQ>Ia K_ ]>
>IkpSmSGSb_ IK FSK_Km x mKluSGSam· K_ ]>m Ga^il>m iqF]SG>m x K_ ]>m S_uKlmSa_Km kpK mK
lK>]SGK_K_]amilaxKGoamK_]ammKGoalKmKmol>oLQSGam¼
'HUHFKRGHSURSLHGDG
> ilaiSKI>I IK ]am S_uKlmSa_Smo>m Kmo>l? ilaoKQSI> K_ ]am oLl^S_am kpK Kmo>F]KGK ]>
a_moSopGSb_ x ]> ]Kx¼ "a mK IKGlKo>l?_ _S KZKGpo>l?_ Ga_}mG>GSa_Km > ]>m S_uKlmSa_Km
_>GSa_>]Km a Kwol>_ZKl>m¼ ] mo>Ia iaIl? IKG]>l>l· KwGKiGSa_>]^K_oK x IK >GpKlIa > ]>
a_moSopGSb_· ]> KwilaiS>GSb_ IK FSK_Km S_^pKF]Km Ga_ K] aFZKoa IK KZKGpo>l i]>_Km IK
IKm>lla]]amaGS>]·^>_KZampmoK_o>F]KIK]>^FSK_oKxIKFSK_Kmo>lGa]KGoSua·mSQpSK_IaK]
ilaGKIS^SK_oa]KQ>]^K_oKKmo>F]KGSIa·IK^>_Kl>_aISmGlS^S_>oalS>·xGp^i]SK_IaGa_
K]i>QaIKp_>S_IK^_S{>GSb_Zpmo>x>IKGp>I>¼
2EOLJDFL²QWULEXWDULD$GXDQHUD
>aF]SQ>GSb_>Ip>_Kl>_>GKGa_K]S_QlKmaIK^KlG>_GU>m>]oKllSoalSa>Ip>_Kla·aGa_]>
m>]SI> IK ^KlG>_GU>m IK ISGRa oKllSoalSa· kpK mK K_GpK_ol>_ ma^KoSI>m > ]> iaoKmo>I
>Ip>_Kl>¼
%DVH,PSRQLEOH
>F>mKS^ia_SF]KIK]amIKlKGRam>l>_GK]>lSamKmK]u>]alK_>Ip>_>IK]>m^KlG>_GU>m
S^ialo>I>m·KwG]pSIaK]~KoK¼
3OD]RVSDUDHOSDJR
amolSFpoam>]Ga^KlGSaKwoKlSalmKi>Q>l?_K_]ammSQpSK_oKmi]>{am¶
¼_ ]> IKG]>l>GSb_ >Ip>_Kl> IK S^ialo>GSb_ a Kwialo>GSb_· IK_ola IK ]am IU>m
R?FS]KmmSQpSK_oKm>]>>poalS{>GSb_IK]i>Qa¼
¼_]>mo>m>mIK_olaIK]amIU>mR?FS]KmmSQpSK_oKm>]>PKGR>K_kpKmK>poalS{>K]
i>QaK_]>]SkpSI>GSb_¼
¼ _ ]am IK^?m G>mam· p_> uK{ kpK K] lKmiKGoSua >Goa IK IKoKl^S_>GSb_ olSFpo>lU>
>Ip>_Kl> a >Goa >I^S_Smol>oSua GallKmia_ISK_oK >IkpSKl> }l^K{>· Kmoa Km· Gp>_Ia
R>FSK_Iaol>_mGpllSIaK]oLl^S_a^?wS^ai>l>mpS^ipQ_>GSb_K_uU>>I^S_Smol>oSu>
xÂaZpISGS>]·_aR>x>mSIalKGpllSIa¼
&RPSHQVDFLRQHV
0K Ga^iK_m>l? oao>] a i>lGS>]^K_oK· IK a}GSa a > iKoSGSb_ IK i>loK· ]>m IKpI>m ial
aF]SQ>GSa_Km>Ip>_Kl>mK_}l^KIK]mpZKoai>mSua¼
5HFODPRV\5HFXUVRV$GPLQLVWUDWLYRV
am lKG]>^am kpK mK ilKmK_o>lK_ mK mpmo>_GS>l?_ x lKma]uKl?_ IK >GpKlIa Ga_ K]
ilaGKIS^SK_oaKmo>F]KGSIaK_K] bISQa1lSFpo>lSa·IK_olaIK]i]>{aIK_auK_o>IU>m
Ga_o>IamIKmIKkpKK]lKG]>^>_oKRpFSKlKilKmK_o>IaISGRalKG]>^a¼
([HQFLRQHVGHOSDJRGHORVWULEXWRVDOFRPHUFLRH[WHULRU
0K K_GpK_ol> KwK_o> IK] i>Qa IK ]am olSFpoam >] Ga^KlGSa KwoKlSal ]> S^ialo>GSb_ IK
FSK_Km IK G>iSo>] x ^>oKlS>m ilS^>m KPKGop>Iam ial ]>m maGSKI>IKm· K_ ]am oLl^S_am IK]
>loUGp]aIK]> KxIK/LQS^K_1lSFpo>lSa_oKl_a·kpKmpmGlSF>_Ga_ol>oamIKS_uKlmSb_·
> i>loSl IK ]> uSQK_GS> IK ]> Kx $lQ?_SG> i>l> K] Km>lla]]a Ga_b^SGa x 0amoK_SFS]SI>I
SmG>] ol>m ]> i>_IK^S> $7η R>mo> ial ]am ^a_oam x i]>{am Kmo>F]KGSIam K_ ISGRam
Ga_ol>oam IK S_uKlmSb_ xÂa >IK_I>m· mSK^ilK kpK ISGR>m >IkpSmSGSa_Km mK>_ _KGKm>lS>m
i>l>K]IKm>lla]]aIK]ilaxKGoa¼
1RWD
,>l>>GGKIKl>Kmo>Kwa_Kl>GSb_·mKIKFKl?Ga_o>lGa_ISGo>^K_IK]>K_oSI>IlKGoal>IK
]>m}_>_{>miqF]SG>milKuSa]>GK]KFl>GSb_IK]Ga_ol>oaIKS_uKlmSb_amp>IK_I>¼
5HVROXFL²QDQWLFLSDGD
p>]kpSKl iKlma_> iaIl? ma]SGSo>l ila_p_GS>^SK_oa ^KIS>_oK K] >Goa >I^S_Smol>oSua IK
G>l?GoKl uS_Gp]>_oK· Ga_ lKmiKGoa IK] Ga_mp]o>_oK· Ga_ K] }_ IK P>GS]So>l >] ma]SGSo>_oK·
Ga_aGKl >_oKm IK ]> S^ialo>GSb_ IK ]> ^KlG>_GU> >F>lG>I> K_ ]> ma]SGSopI a Ga_mp]o>· K]
ol>oakpKmK>i]SG>l?>]>^KlG>_GU>aFZKoaIKS^ialo>GSb_Ga_lKmiKGoa>¶
¼ ]>mS}G>GSb_>l>_GK]>lS>IKp_>^KlG>_GU>¼
¼ >Ku>]p>GSb_IK]G>l?GoKlalSQS_>lSaIKp_>^KlG>_GU>·IKoKl^S_>IaGa_Pal^K>]am
GlSoKlSamalSQS_>lSamIKp_>GpKlIampmGlSoaialGp>IalxK_uSQK_GS>·>]>^i>laIK
]>m"al^>mIK$lSQK_Á
¼ >>i]SG>GSb_IKGlSoKlSamIKu>]al>GSb_>Ip>_Kl>Ê^LoaIaIKu>]al>GSb_Ë·Ga_Pal^K>]
GpKlIaIK7>]al>GSb_Ip>_Kl>IK]>$lQ>_S{>GSb_!p_IS>]IK] a^KlGSa¶x·
¼K^?m >mp_oam ISmoS_oam > ]am ip_oam >_oKlSalKm kpK mK K_GpK_olK_ ilKuSmoam K_
>GpKlIamS_oKl_>GSa_>]Km¼
&RQWURO$GXDQHUR
1aI>m ]>m ^KlG>_GU>m· p_SI>IKm IK G>lQ> x ]am ^KISam IK ol>_mialoK kpK R>x>_ mSIa
iKl}]>I>mGa^alSKmQam>m·mKl?_ma^KoSIam>lKuSmSb_>ol>uLmIKKkpSiamIKS_miKGGSb_
_a S_olpmSu> ilKuSa >] S_QlKma x m>]SI> IK {a_> ilS^>lS> >Ip>_Kl>· mKQq_ ]> _al^>oSu>
mKGp_I>lS>kpKK^So>K]0KluSGSa">GSa_>]IKIp>_>mIK]Gp>Ial¼
1XHYDVH[HQFLRQHVGHO,PSXHVWRDOD6DOLGDGH'LYLVDV
/RVSDJRVGHFDSLWDORGLYLGHQGRVUHDOL]DGRVDOH[WHULRU
_p_^a_oaKkpSu>]K_oK>]u>]alIK]G>iSo>]S_QlKm>Ia>]i>Um·mK>Ga^a}_>_GS>^SK_oa
ilaiSa mS_ S_oKlKmKm a Ga^a >ialoK IK G>iSo>]· mSK^ilK x Gp>_Ia mK R>x>_ IKmoS_>Ia >
lK>]S{>lS_uKlmSa_KmilaIpGoSu>m¼
9HQWDGHGHUHFKRVUHSUHVHQWDWLYRVGHFDSLWDO
ami>QamKPKGop>Iam>]KwoKlSalialGa_GKioaIKuK_o>IKIKlKGRamlKilKmK_o>oSuamIK
G>iSo>] a Gp>]kpSKl aola >GoSua >IkpSlSIa ial maGSKI>IKm a iKlma_>m _a lKmSIK_oKm K_
Gp>Ial¼
3DJR\RGHYROXFL²QGHYDORUHVUHFDXGDGRV
>ol>_mPKlK_GS>aol>m]>IaIKISuSm>m>]KwoKlSalmK>lK>]S{>I>ialK_oSI>IKmIK0KluSGSam
pwS]S>lKmIK]0SmoK^>S_>_GSKlaG>]S}G>I>mxGa_moSopSI>mK_K]Gp>Ial·xGallKmia_I>_
IK ^>_Kl> ZpmoS}G>I>· >] i>Qa xÂa IKua]pGSb_ IK u>]alKm lKG>pI>Iam Ga^a i>loK IK ]>
ilKmo>GSb_ IK mKluSGSam IK ^KISa IK i>Qa K]KGolb_SGam· mSK^ilK x Gp>_Ia ]am S_QlKmam
kpK]>K_oSI>IiKlGSF>ial]>ilKmo>GSb_IKISGRammKluSGSammK>_IKG]>l>IamxolSFpo>Iam
K_Gp>Ial¼
3DJRVUHDOL]DGRVDOH[WHULRUSRUFRQFHSWRGHLPSRUWDFL²QGHELHQHVGH
FDSLWDO\PDWHULDVSULPDVHIHFWXDGRVSRUODVVRFLHGDGHV
_ ]am oLl^S_am IK] >loUGp]a IK ]> Kx IK /LQS^K_ 1lSFpo>lSa _oKl_a· kpK mpmGlSF>_
Ga_ol>oam IK S_uKlmSb_· > i>loSl IK ]> uSQK_GS> IK ]> Kx $lQ?_SG> i>l> K] IKm>lla]]a
KGa_b^SGa x mamoK_SFS]SI>I }mG>] ol>m ]> i>_IK^S> $7· R>mo> ial ]am ^a_oam x
i]>{am Kmo>F]KGSIam K_ ISGRam Ga_ol>oam IK S_uKlmSb_ xÂa >IKpI>m· mSK^ilK kpK ISGR>m
>IkpSmSGSa_KmmK>__KGKm>lS>mi>l>K]IKm>lla]]aIK]ilaxKGoa¼
,>l>>GGKIKl>Kmo>Kwa_Kl>GSb_·mKIKFKl?Ga_o>lGa_ISGo>^K_IK]>K_oSI>IlKGoal>IK
]>m}_>_{>miqF]SG>milKuSa]>GK]KFl>GSb_IK]Ga_ol>oaIKS_uKlmSb_amp>IK_I>¼
5HJLVWURGHEHQHÕFLDULRVÕQDOHV
0Kl? p_ lKQSmola IK I>oam iqF]SGam kpK oK_Il? ial Pp_GSb_ lKGaQKl· >lGRSu>l· ilaGKm>l·
ISmolSFpSl· ISPp_ISl x lKQSmol>l ]> S_Pal^>GSb_ kpK iKl^So> SIK_oS}G>l > ]am FK_K}GS>lSam
}_>]KmKS_oKQl>_oKmIK]>G>IK_>IKoSop]>lSI>IIK]>miKlma_>mZplUISG>mxmaGSKI>IKm¼
',6326,&,21(6*(1(5$/(6
Ú am u>]alKm i>Q>Iam ial Ga_GKioa IK] ^ipKmoa 3_SGa x 1K^ial>] i>l> ]>
KG]>l>GSb_ IK GoSuam _a mKl?_ mpmGKioSF]Km IK lKG]>^a a ma]SGSopI IK i>Qa
S_IKFSIaaK_KwGKma¼
Ú_ ]am IK^?m G>mam· p_> uK{ kpK K] lKmiKGoSua >Goa IK IKoKl^S_>GSb_ olSFpo>lU>
>Ip>_Kl> a >Goa >I^S_Smol>oSua GallKmia_ISK_oK >IkpSKl> }l^K{>· Kmoa Km· Gp>_Ia
R>FSK_Ia ol>_mGpllSIa K] oLl^S_a ^?wS^a i>l> mp S^ipQ_>GSb_ K_ uU>
>I^S_Smol>oSu>xÂaZpISGS>]·_aR>x>mSIalKGpllSIa¼
Ú >m maGSKI>IKm· kpK ipKI>_ >GaQKlmK > FK_K}GSam K S_GK_oSuam olSFpo>lSam· iaIl?_
>GGKIKl>]am^Sm^am>p_Gp>_IamKK_GpK_olK_iK_ISK_oKmIKK^SmSb_IK}_SoSu>
iKl^Smam·>poalS{>GSa_Km·xaol>mlKQp]>GSa_KmQpFKl_>^K_o>]Km¼
Ú] ilKmSIK_oK IK ]> /KiqF]SG>· ^KIS>_oK KGlKoa ZKGpoSua· iaIl? lKIpGSl ]> o>lSP>
QK_Kl>] IK 7 IK] ï R>mo> K] ï· > ]> ilKmo>GSb_ IK oaIam ]am mKluSGSam IK}_SIam
Ga^a>GoSuSI>IKmoplUmoSG>m·>P>ualIKiKlma_>m_>opl>]KmamaGSKI>IKm·_>GSa_>]Kma
Kwol>_ZKl>m· R>mo> ial p_ ^?wS^a IK IU>m >] >`a Ipl>_oK PKlS>Iam a }_Km IK
mK^>_>·mK>_p_S}G>IamaISuSISIamÁx>mK>>_SuK]_>GSa_>]alKQSa_>]¼
Ú1aIam ]am mpZKoam i>mSuam mpZKoam >] /0 x >] /LQS^K_ ^iamSoSua i>l>
!SGlaK^ilKm>m· mK S_Galial>l?_ IK a}GSa IK ^>_Kl> >poa^?oSG> >] lLQS^K_ IK
K^ilK_IKIalKmx_KQaGSamiaip]>lKm/!,¼
]> _aoS}G>GSb_ IK] >Goa lKPKlSIa K_ K] S_GSma >_oKlSal· K] u>]al IK] S_oKlLm x ]am
>GGKmalSam>kpKR>x>]pQ>lGallKmia_IKl?>]ï¼
Ú0S K] i>Qa ]a lK>]S{> R>mo> K] IU> kpS_GK· K] u>]al IK] S_oKlLm x ]> ^p]o>
GallKmia_IKl?>]ï¼:·mS}_>]^K_oK·K]Ga_olSFpxK_oKlK>]S{>K]i>QaR>mo>K]
IU>uKS_oK·K]u>]alIK]S_oKlLmx]>^p]o>GallKmia_IKl?>]ï¼
Ú amlKGplmamkpKmKlKG>pIK_ialGa_GKioaIK]>m a_olSFpGSa_Km1K^ial>]Kmi>l>
K] ^ip]ma Ga_b^SGa iamo auSIη _a IKFKl?_ mKl Ga_mSIKl>I>m Ga^a S_QlKmam
iKl^>_K_oKm·ial]ao>_oa_ama_aFZKoaIKilK>mSQ_>GSb_>]Qp_>¼
Ú] ,lKmSIK_oK IK ]> /KiqF]SG> iaIl? IKGlKo>l· ilKuSa ISGo>^K_ P>ual>F]K IK] K_oK
lKGoal IK ]>m }_>_{>m iqF]SG>m· ]> K_olKQ> IK p_ FK_K}GSa KGa_b^SGa a iK_mSb_·
oK^ial>]auSo>]SGS>·>P>ualIK]amRKlKIKlamaGb_xpQKmmaFlKuSuSK_oKmIKiKlma_>m
kpK·>GlSoKlSaIK],lKmSIK_oKIK]>/KiqF]SG>·RpFSKlK_ilKmo>IamKluSGSamlK]Ku>_oKm
>] i>Um x kpK K_ uSI> >]G>_{>la_ ^LlSoam Gp]opl>]Km· IKialoSuam· S_oKl_>GSa_>]Km x
IK^?m kpK lK>]GK_ K] _a^FlK IK] i>Um¼ SGR> lKolSFpGSb_ KGa_b^SG> iaIl?
K_olKQ>lmK > FK_K}GS>lSam kpK mK K_GpK_olK_ K_ mSop>GSb_ IK iaFlK{> a iaFlK{>
KwolK^>¼Ú
',6326,&,21(675$16,725,$6
Ú a_ K] }_ IK >]G>_{>l ]am i>l?^Kolam oLG_SGam x IK G>iSo>] _KGKm>lSam i>l> aoalQ>l
GlLISoa > F>Za Gamoa x ]>lQa i]>{a i>l> ]am mKGoalKm >QlUGa]>m x ilaIpGoSuam· K_ K]
oLl^S_aIKIU>mGa_o>IamIKmIK]>ipF]SG>GSb_IKKmo>]KxK_K]/KQSmola$}GS>]·
]>m S_mo>_GS>m Ga^iKoK_oKm S_SGS>l?_ ]am ilaGKIS^SK_oam iKloS_K_oKm i>l> PpmSa_>l
" 2$/ , x $/,$/ %" "" / " $" , K_ p_> q_SG>
K_oSI>I>]]>^>lmK " $$!"1$ $"%! $ 2$/¼
Ga_mKGpK_GS>IK]P>]]KGS^SK_oaIKmpmP>^S]S>lKmK_olKK]IK^>l{aIKxK]
IKISGSK^FlKIK·mKl?_FK_K}GS>lU>mIK]>Kwa_Kl>GSb_S_Galial>I>ialKmo> Kx¼
mo> Kwa_Kl>GSb_ _a I> IKlKGRa > IKua]pGSb_ a lKG]>^>GSb_ IK _S_Qp_> G]>mK >
kpSK_Kmx>RpFSKlK_lK>]S{>IaK]i>QaIKISGRaS^ipKmoa¼
%HQHÕFLRVWULEXWDULRVSDUDHO6HFWRU7XU¬VWLFR
,>l>]amGa_olSFpxK_oKmkpKmKK_GpK_olK_S_mGlSoamK_K]/KQSmola">GSa_>]IK1plSm^ax
GpK_oK_Ga_]>lKmiKGoSu> SGK_GS>3_SG>_p>]IKPp_GSa_>^SK_oa>]IU>¶
Ú,aIl?_ Ga^iK_m>l ]>m iLlISI>m olSFpo>lS>m mpPlSI>m K_ ]am KZKlGSGSam KGa_b^SGam
x · Ga_ ]>m poS]SI>IKm Ql>u>F]Km kpK aFopuSKlK_ IK_ola IK ]am iKlSaIam
S^iamSoSuammSQpSK_oKm·R>mo>K]ïialp_^?wS^aIKISK{>`amK_]>Pal^>K_
kpKK]]am]aKmoS^K_¼
Ú>GS]SI>IKm IK i>Qa i>l> K] Gp^i]S^SK_oa IK mpm aF]SQ>GSa_Km olSFpo>lS>m Ga_ K]
0KluSGSaIK/K_o>m_oKl_>maGa_mpmaF]SQ>GSa_KmGa_K]_moSopoaGp>oalS>_aIK
0KQplSI>I 0aGS>]· Ipl>_oK ]am KZKlGSGSam x · iaIl?_ >GGKIKl > ISGRa
FK_K}GSaR>mo>ialp_^?wS^aIK^KmKm¼
0HGLDFL²QHQSURFHVRVMXGLFLDOHV
ammpZKoami>mSuamkpKmKK_GpK_olK_i>loSGSi>_IaGa^a>GoalKmIKilaGKmamZpISGS>]Km
¼K_ola IK ]am Iam ^KmKm Ga_o>Iam > i>loSl IK mp K_ol>I> K_ uSQK_GS>· oK_Il?_
IKlKGRa > ]> lK^SmSb_ IK] ï IK ]am S_oKlKmKm x lKG>lQam IK ]> ISPKlK_GS> IK
S^ipKmoaKmo>F]KGSI>mial]>>I^S_Smol>GSb_kpKK]mpZKoai>mSua>GKioKi>Q>lK_K]
>Go>IK^KIS>GSb_¼
¼K_olaIKolKm^KmKmGa_o>Iam>i>loSlIKmpK_ol>I>K_uSQal·oK_Il?_IKlKGRa>]>
lK^SmSb_IK]ïIKS_oKlKmKmxlKG>lQam·IK]>ISPKlK_GS>IKS^ipKmoaKmo>F]KGSI>m
ial]>>I^S_Smol>GSb_kpKK]mpZKoai>mSua>GKioKi>Q>lK_K]>Go>IK^KIS>GSb_¼
¼_olK olKm ^KmKm p_ IU> x mKSm ^KmKm Ga_o>Iam > i>loSl IK mp K_ol>I> K_ uSQal·
oK_Il?_ IKlKGRa > ]> lK^SmSb_ IK] ï IK S_oKlKmKm x lKG>lQam· IK ]> ISPKlK_GS> IK
S^ipKmoaKmo>F]KGSI>mial]>>I^S_Smol>GSb_kpKK]mpZKoai>mSua>GKioKi>Q>lK_K]
>Go>IK^KIS>GSb_¼
6XVFULSFL²QGHFRQWUDWRVGHLQYHUVL²Q
>mmaGSKI>IKm·kpKmKK_Ga_ol>lK_ol>^So>_Ia]>mpmGlSiGSb_IKGa_ol>oamIKS_uKlmSb_a
>IK_I>m > Lmoam· iaIl?_ Qa{>l ]am S_GK_oSuam x FK_K}GSam olSFpo>l]am x _a olSFpo>lSam
Kmo>F]KGSIamK_]> Kx$lQ?_SG>IKa^K_oa,laIpGoSua·xmpm_al^>mGa_Kw>m·mSK^ilKx
Gp>_IamKGp^i]>_IK^>_Kl>Ga_GpllK_oK]>mmSQpSK_oKmIamGa_ISGSa_Km¶
¼kpK ]> iKoSGSb_ IK mpmGlSiGSb_ IK] Ga_ol>oa IK S_uKlmSb_ a mp >IK_I> mK ilKmK_oK
R>mo>K] IKISGSK^FlKIK·xÁ
¼kpKK]Ga_ol>oaIKS_uKlmSb_amp>IK_I>·K_Gp>]kpSKlG>ma·mKmpmGlSF>R>mo>K]
IK>FlS]IK¼
(VWDELOLGDGWULEXWDULD
Ú >mmaGSKI>IKmkpKmKGa_moSopxKla_>i>loSlIK]>uSQK_GS>IK]> Kx$lQ?_SG>i>l>K]
a^K_oa,laIpGoSua·ol>GGSb_IK_uKlmSa_Km·K_Kl>GSb_IK^i]Ka·xmo>FS]SI>I
xkpS]SFlSaSmG>]·>mUGa^ao>^FSL_]>mmaGSKI>IKm_pKu>mkpKmKÚGa_moSopxKla_ial
maGSKI>IKmKwSmoK_oKmIKmIK]>ila^p]Q>GSb_IKISGR>]KxGa_K]aFZKoaIKlK>]S{>l
S_uKlmSa_Km_pKu>mxilaIpGoSu>m·x>GaQKlmK>]amFK_K}GSamIK]
Ú >mmaGSKI>IKmkpKmKGa_moSopxKla_>i>loSlIK]>uSQK_GS>IK] bISQa$lQ?_SGaIK
]>,laIpGGSb_· a^KlGSaK_uKlmSa_Km·>mUGa^ao>^FSL_]>mmaGSKI>IKm_pKu>mkpK
mKGa_moSopxKla_ialmaGSKI>IKmKwSmoK_oKm·IKmIK]>ila^p]Q>GSb_IKISGR>]Kx·Ga_
K]aFZKoaIKlK>]S{>lS_uKlmSa_Km_pKu>mxilaIpGoSu>m·kpKQaGK_]>Kwa_Kl>GSb_xÂa
lKF>Z> IK] i>Qa IK] S^ipKmoa > ]> lK_o> Ipl>_oK GS_Ga >`am · Ga_o>Iam IKmIK K]
ilS^Kl>`aK_K]kpKQK_Kl>la_S_QlKmam>olSFpSF]KmISlKGo>xq_SG>^K_oK>]>_pKu>
S_uKlmSb_· ^>_oK_Il?_ ISGR> Kwa_Kl>GSb_ xÂa lKF>Z> R>mo> mp }_>]S{>GSb_· kpK K_
_S_Qq_ G>ma maFlKi>m>l? ]am GS_Gam >`am IKmIK kpK mK QK_Kl>la_ S_QlKmam
>olSFpSF]KmISlKGo>xq_SG>^K_oK>ISGR>S_uKlmSb_¼
ÚkpK]]>m maGSKI>IKm FK_K}GS>lU>m IK ]>m Kwa_Kl>GSa_Km xÂa lKF>Z>m ilKuSmo>m K_ ]>
Kx $lQ?_SG> IK a^K_oa ,laIpGoSua· ol>GGSb_ IK _uKlmSa_Km· K_Kl>GSb_ IK
^i]Kaxmo>FS]SI>ISmG>]^>_oK_Il?_o>]KmFK_K}GSamR>mo>mp}_>]S{>GSb_¼
,PSXHVWRDODUHQWDHQDMHQDFL²QRFDVLRQDOGHLQPXHEOHV
"a mK G>pm>l? K] S^ipKmoa > ]> lK_o> kpK Ql>u> ]> K_>ZK_>GSb_ aG>mSa_>] IK S_^pKF]Km
lK>]S{>I>ialiKlma_>m_>opl>]KmamaGSKI>IKm·K_]>ilS^Kl>ol>_mPKlK_GS>IKIa^S_SaIK]
lKmiKGoSua S_^pKF]K kpK mK lK>]SGK > i>loSl IK ]> uSQK_GS> IK Kmo> Kx· R>mo> GS_Ga >`am
IKmipLmIKmpila^p]Q>GSb_K_K]/KQSmola$}GS>]¼
',6326,&,21(6'(52*$725,$6
KlbQpKmKoaI>m]>m_al^>mIKSQp>]a^K_alZKl>lkpU>kpKmKGa_ol>ia_Q>_>Kmo> Kx¼
9,*(1&,$
] IK _auSK^FlK IK K_olb K_ uSQK_GS> > i>loSl IK mp ipF]SG>GSb_ K_ K] /KQSmola
$}GS>]¼
8R>omii¶Úä
^>S]¶ÚÚKmGpK]>¼_SSPò]pSmÎGR>uK{¼Ga^
0UQ>_amK__pKmol>mISPKlK_oKmlKIKmmaGS>]KmGa^a¶
pSm¼ R?uK{