COMMISSIONED BY ANDHRA PRADESH TOURISM

© ANDHRA PRADESH TOURISM

FEBRUARY 2019

TEXT
LAND AND PEOPLE – NEELAMBARI RAO, MONIDEEPA CHOUDHURI
MONUMENTAL HERITAGE – AJAY SHARDA, NEELAMBARI RAO, MONIDEEPA CHOUDHURI
SYMPHONY OF EMOTIONS – ANITHA MOOSATH, ASHUTOSH GOTAD
HANDMADE STORIES – SRIDEVI DATTA
MEALS AND MORSELS – POORNIMA SUBRAMANIAN
DELIGHTFUL DESTINATIONS / FASCINATING FACTS – RAOUL D'SOUZA
INTO THE WILD – ASHUTOSH GOTAD
STATE OF THE ART – AJAY SHARDA, KUSHEL MADHOOSUDANAN

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EDITOR
MONIDEEPA CHOUDHURI
DESIGN
YOGITA IYER
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E V E R Y T H I N G ’ S P O S S I B L E
LAND AND PEOPLE 06
The land and the people who make Andhra Pradesh special

MONUMENTAL HERITAGE 18
The magnificent monuments that embody the State’s heritage

SYMPHONY OF EMOTIONS 28
Performing arts and festivities that are expressions of the State’s culture

HANDMADE STORIES 42
Crafts and weaves that tell stories

MORSELS AND MEALS 54

Cuisine that is a microcosm of the State and its diversity
DELIGHTFUL DESTINATIONS 66 A renowned tourist spot,
Prakasam Barrage near
Vijayawada is a dam
A varied landscape that is chock-a-block with scenic locales and road bridge built in
the Venetian style and
comprises ~160 pillars

INTO THE WILD 78

Exploring biodiversity in the four biotic zones

STATE OF THE ART 92

Major cities leading the way in the State’s goal of being a world centre

FASCINATING FACTS 96
Interesting facts about the State
6 ANDHRA PRADESH EVERY THING’S P O SSI B L E

Andhra Pradesh, located in the south-

eastern part of the Indian subcontinent,
watered by mighty rivers Krishna and
Godavari and bordered on its east by the
Bay of Bengal, has a cherished position
in peninsular India. Boasting of a
974-kilometre coastline – the second longest

LAND AND PEOPLE

State coastline in India – with jurisdiction
over almost 15,000 square kilometres of
territorial waters, the State is bordered by
Telangana in the north-west, Chhattisgarh
and Odisha in the north-east, Karnataka in Boasting of the longest State coastline in the east coast of India,
the west and Tamil Nadu in the south. an abundant forest cover, an expansive network of rivers, rich
One of the wealthier States and the biodiversity and many peoples, Andhra Pradesh is a State that by
seventh-largest in terms of area, covering itself symbolises every kind of richness that India is known for.
1,62,970 square kilometres, Andhra
Pradesh is known for its varied topography,
its ancient culture and its clusters of
beautiful monuments. Ruled, over time,
by a range of prominent dynasties –
Satavahanas, Ikshvakus, Pallavas, Eastern
Chalukyas, Reddy, Vijayanagara, Mughal,
Nizams – and later, even the British, it is a
splendid tapestry of cultures and traditions
that, in some mystical manner, showcases all
that India itself has to offer.

L AY O F T H E L A N D
The topography of the State is dominated
by the Eastern Ghats, the coastal plains
and the plateau region of Rayalaseema.
The coastal region is a flat, fertile tract,
crisscrossed by rivers that slice from the
west to the east through the hills into the
bay and runs almost the entire length of
the State – from the northern border with
Odisha to Pulicat Lake in the south. The
Godavari and Krishna rivers which drain
 This page and facing page: Primarily
agricultural and pastoral, Andhra

Rice Bowl of India
8 ANDHRA PRADESH EVERY THING ’S P O SSI B L E
 ANDHRA PRADESH E V E RY T H ING ’ S P O S S IBL E 9

Net fishing around the


of River Krishna is known to
yield varied catch
10 ANDHRA PRADESH EVERY THING ’S P O SSI B L E

into the Bay of Bengal form large deltas

in the central part of the plains – fertile,
irrigated areas that support food crops such
as paddy, jowar, bajra, maize, ragi, small
millets and cash crops like tobacco, chillies,
groundnut, turmeric, sunflower, cotton
and jute. Fringed by mangrove swamps
and palm trees, it is this densely-populated
region and its thriving agriculture that has

‘bejewelled rice bowl of India’.

flank of the coastal plains – are part of a
larger mountain system that extends from
central India to the far south. Largely

discontinuous, this old hill system, is often 

interrupted by verdant river valleys, low 
hills and dense forests that support a varied leading producer of
fish and food and
ecosystem and rich biodiversity. Forests, 
in fact, cover 23 per cent of the State’s
land, with dense woodlands occurring
primarily in the Ghat region. The region
supports several endemic species as well
as plentiful teak, bamboo and rosewood
– with an extensive growth of eucalyptus
and cashew plants also occurring in
lands adjacent to the forests.
The central section of the Ghats,

Velikonda and Palikonda-Lankamalla-
Nallamalai, runs north-south between
Krishna and Pennar rivers. Their
northern boundaries are marked by the
flat Palnadu basin while in the south
they merge with Tirumala hills – where
the Ghats are particularly majestic.
The rock formations of granite gneiss,
prominent in the Sankaram Buddhist
site and khondalite and quartzite which
are distinctive near the beaches in the
Visakhapatnam region, are also impressive
features that add to the magnificence of the
land.
Situated west of the Eastern Ghats in the
southwestern part of the State, Rayalaseema
– loosely translating to ‘frontier of kings’ – is
a region of graded valleys, red sandy soil
and isolated hills.
Defined by a gneissic-rock plateau that
is part of the Deccan and largely arid,
Rayalaseema is rich in minerals such as
diamonds, iron ore, limestone, asbestos,
barytes, calcite, dolomite, green quartz
and famed for being a haven for the
endangered and rare red sandalwood tree.
12 ANDHRA PRADESH EVERY THING ’S P O SSI B L E

                 
The tenth most populous State in India today, with
4,96,34,314 inhabitants (2014), human settlement in
Andhra Pradesh can be traced to pre- and proto-historic
periods – albeit recorded history can be traced only to the
pre-Christian era. The Vedic 
references to Andhra Pradesh as do the Puranas, the great
epics – Ramayana and Mahabharata – and the Buddhist
Jatakas.
It is said that around 5th century BCE, an Aryan clan
migrated south of the Vindhyas and assimilated with

as Tiland or Telang. The expression Andhra could be a
corrupt form of Aryan or even evolved from ‘Andhriyans’
as Aryans were initially referred to; the word ‘Telugu’ is
presumed to have evolved from the name of the region or
even the language that was spoken here.
Whatever be the etymology, with the passage of time
and substantial migration and assimilation of peoples,


Pradesh today is a potpourri of cultures,

 ANDHRA PRADESH E V E RY T H ING ’ S P O S S IBL E 13

Andhra and Telugu became synonymous with each

other. The Telugu people or Telugu today are
highly diverse, a potpourri of cultures, faiths and
traditions. Telugu is the official and most widely-
spoken language, with the tribal communities of the
State possessing and speaking their own Dravidian
and Indo-Aryan dialects. Broadly, the social groups
comprise the Brahmanas, the Komatis, the Reddis,
Kammas, Kapus, Velamas and various other caste
groups known by the name of their hereditary
occupations.
The State’s tribal population is also substantial
– 27,39,919 (Census 2011) – distributed across
34 groups, including the particularly vulnerable
Chenchu, Gadaba, Kondareddi, Kondh, Kodi,
Kodhu, Kuvinga, Porja and Savara tribes. Andhra
Pradesh’s vibrant tribal culture is evident across all
its 13 districts and reflects a miniature tribal India –
from the Chenchus and Yanadis of Negrito strain to
Khonds and Savaras resembling Mongoloids.
Geo-ethnically, the tribal areas are the Koya-
Kondareddi region along the Godavari gorge in West
and East Godavari districts, the Khond-Savara region
of Visakhapatnam, Vizianagaram and Srikakulam
14 ANDHRA PRADESH EVERY THING ’S P O SSI B L E

districts, the Chenchu region of Prakasam and Guntur

districts and the Yanadi, Yerukula and Banjara/Lambada
areas in the Rayalaseema region.
Visakhapatnam has the highest concentration of tribals
(6,18,500), followed by East Godavari, Nellore, Guntur,
Vizianagaram, Srikakulam, Chittoor, Anantapur, Prakasam,
West Godavari, Krishna, Kurnool and Kadapa districts. The
hilly areas, especially Araku Valley, is home to several tribes,
many of whom consider themselves to be descendants of
Bhima, a character in the epic Mahabharata.
Blessed with fertile land and plenty of natural resources,
Andhra Pradesh is today a State that boasts of the best
traditional pastoral and contemporary industrialised
worlds. While a large percentage depend on agriculture,
forestry, livestock and poultry – all the sectors are greatly
advanced and economically productive. The State is today
not only the knowledge leader in rainwater harvesting,
it is also the largest producer of eggs in India – known
popularly as the Egg Bowl of Asia – and contributes more
than 70 per cent of cultured shrimp production in the
entire country. Since the mid-20th century, the mining,
utilities, construction and manufacturing industries have
also grown – and one-third of the State’s population
live in urban areas, notably around the industrial and
manufacturing regions around Visakhapatnam and
Vijayawada. Andhra Pradesh is a visual and intellectual

destinations in India today.
 ANDHRA PRADESH E V E RY T H ING ’ S P O S S IBL E 15

This page and facing page: Andhra

Pradesh’s vibrant tribal culture is evident
across all its districts, making the land a
miniature tribal India
Sankaram’s Kotilingam konda or hill with crores
of phalli is an eminent examplar of the rock-cut
architectural heritage of Andhra
18 ANDHRA PRADESH EVERY THING ’S P O SSI B L E

MONUMENTAL HERITAGE

the Palaeolithic era to the times of munificent patronage of kings and





varied because the State has been a melting
pot – a region that has been governed by
different dynasties and empires, all of whom
have left an indelible influence on the land.
The list of dynasties that ruled Andhra is
a dazzling one – from the Satavahanas,
Ikshvakus, Pallavas, Chalukyas, Cholas and
Kakatiyas in medieval times to the Delhi,
Bahmani and Golconda Sultanates, followed
by the Vijayanagara Empire, Mughals and
Nizams, and later Dutch and British colonists.
Much before the establishment of cities,
Andhradesha was occupied by prehistoric
men – evidence of which is found in many
places across the State such as 4,500 BCE
vessels and tools discovered in Belum caves, Archaeological and historical sites such as
the Ketavaram rock art site (below) and the
the rock art sites of Ketavaram, Budagavi, monolithic rock-cut Undavalli Caves (right)
embody Andhra’s ancient heritage
Chintakunta, Srisailam, Adoni, Mekala Benchi,
Kaluvabugga, Akka Mahadevi Caves and
Dachepalli, the ancient habitation mounds
near Machilipatnam and more.
Thereafter, early Iron Age agro-pastoral
communities formed a suitable cultural
landscape for a built civilisation to develop
and flourish.


Andhra Pradesh has a large sequence of
heritage rock architecture. Among the

architectural tradition are the centrally-
protected monuments of national importance
– Undavalli Caves, Akkana Madanna Caves
and Mogalarajapuram Caves – the historic
Guthikonda Bilam and Pandavula Metta, the
Buddhist rock-cut monuments of Guntupalli,
Sankaram, Rampa Errampalem, Kotturu

While Akkana Madanna Caves (above)
boasts of carvings of the Hindu Trinity,
Mogalarajapuram Caves (inset) is famed for
idols of Hindu gods Vinayaka and Nataraja
The Rajula Mandagiri minor Ashoka rock
edict (facing page top) and the Bojjannakonda
(facing page inset) and Guntupalli (facing page
bottom) sites are eminent examples of Andhra’s
Buddhist legacy
Dhanadibbalu and Salihundum, and last, but not the least, the Jain site of
Konakondla.
The Undavalli Caves, cut out from a single granite block, houses
four levels and is an exemplar of the land’s multi-faith heritage since
it depicts Buddhist, Jain and Hindu influences. The Akkana Madanna
Caves that date to the 6th and 7th centuries CE, boasts of carvings of the
Hindu Trinity of Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva, while the 5th century CE
Mogalarajapuram Caves has five rock-cut sanctuaries with three temples,
idols of Hindu gods Nataraja and Vinayaka and an Ardhanarisvara statue
that is believed to be the earliest in South India. Guthikonda Bilam,
the most well-known of the magnificent Guthikonda Caves complex –
popularly known as Dakshina Kasi – is believed to have been home to
prehistoric man.
 ANDHRA PRADESH E V E RY T H ING ’ S P O S S IBL E 21

In Gopalapatnam in Vishakapatnam
district, rock-cut cells datable to the 2nd
century BCE boast of rock-cut beds, windows
and doorways while Guntupalli’s distinctive
feature is the entrance façade of the
chaityagriha that resembles the facade of the
Lomas Rishi cave. In Sankaram, defined by
several rock-cut and brick monolithic stupas,
three caves have been hollowed out from a
huge mass of rock besides numerous rock-cut
stupas that collectively form the outline of a
ridge and thus called the Kotilingam konda or
the hill with crores of phalli.

SITES OF REVERENCE
The Buddhist legacy of Andhra Pradesh is
by far its most treasured heritage, the faith’s
legends providing inexhaustible inspiration
to artisans. The benefaction of Mauryan
Emperor Ashoka is imprinted all over Andhra
Pradesh, of which the most famous are the 3rd
century BCE Ashokan rock edicts in Jonnagiri,
a name that appears to have evolved from
the name of the southern capital of Ashoka’s
empire – Swarnagiri or the mountain of gold.
Historical evidence suggests that the edicts,
inscribed in Brahmi script, were the first edicts
to preach the Buddha dharma.
Tradition has it that Lord Buddha himself
visited the village of Dharanikota to preach
the faith, thereby establishing a strong linkage
between early Buddhism and its subsequent
22 ANDHRA PRADESH EVERY THING ’S P O SSI B L E


from above:
Nagarjunakonda,
Amaravati,
Bhattiprolu and
Adduru Buddhist



robust traditions in the State. Andhradesha would

become a flourishing centre of Buddhism, leading to the
establishment of some of the most historic and magnificent
of Buddhist monuments – , 
.
The aesthetic story of Buddhism in Andhra is most

stupas in the world. The Amaravati Mahastupa which dates
to the 3rd century BCE, has panels that depict the entire
story of Buddha while the sculptures, friezes and reliefs
discovered here justify its association with what can be
called the acme of Indian art.
Nagarjunakonda was another important and influential
hub of the Buddhist world, one of India’s richest Buddhist
sites. Now an island located near Nagarjunasagar, west of
Amaravati stupa, it was once home to Buddhist universities,
more than thirty monasteries and a great stupa that
belongs to the class of uncased stupas – its brickwork being
plastered and decorated by a large garland-ornament.

While Amaravati and Nagarjunakonda were the two
main centres of Buddhist monastic and scholarly activity,
there existed dozens of sites across the State where
monasteries and stupas flourished. Adurru, a 2,400-year
old Buddhist site and considered a ‘’ by
Buddhist monks and followers, has a beautiful giant-wheel
, whose foundation is said to have been laid
by Emperor Ashoka’s daughter Sanghamitra.
Bhattiprolu and Gudivada are also heritage sites
containing numerous Buddhist relic caskets. The ancient
stupa at Bhattiprolu records inscriptions in a variation
of the Ashokan Brahmi alphabet which is considered the
parent of the Telugu script.
ANDHRA PRADESH E V E RY T H ING ’ S P O S S IBL E 23
There are also the Bavikonda, Andhra Pradesh’s
temples, including
Thotlakonda, Pavuralakonda, the famous
Tirupati Balaji
Chandavaram, Ghantasala, Jaggayyapeta (above) and Bugga
and Ramateertham sites – all a magnificent Ramalingeswara
(far left), can be
heritage of distant antiquity. experienced through
architecture
                    
While ancient Buddhist sites have made
Andhra Pradesh an important destination,
the State’s Andhra’s heritage is not limited
to Buddhism. The land has nurtured
all faiths and the State is a repository of
many shrines whose complex architecture
of colonnaded halls, courtyards and

cosmic realities and stories. The more
elaborate a shrine, the more replete it is
with expressions of life and mythologies.
From one of the oldest Shiva temples
in the small village of Gudimallam to the
richest and most visited Vishnu shrine in
the world at Tirupati, most of the temples
in Andhra Pradesh date back thousands
of years and are stories in stone of legends
and narratives of creation and destruction and
mythologies and morals that surround a god or his
avatar.
In fact, every temple in Andhra Pradesh – from
large and magnificent Shiva temple in Srikalahasti
to Srisailam Devasthanam, Veerabhadra temple of
Lepakshi, Simhachalam, Bugga Ramalingeswara,
Kodandarama temple and more – each is
experienced through architecture and aesthetic
experience of its spaces.
There are also several sites and monuments that
reveal an early presence of Jainism in the State
such as Ramateertham and Belum caves. Andhra
as Sufi
Islam has played a significant role in the State.


The evolution of different archaeological
sites and monuments owes much to eclectic,
tolerant and broadminded royal patrons.
Many forts and fortifications that were
built between the 4th and 17th century CE
be it of mud, stone or brick were not only
symbolic of control and supremacy but also
aesthetic expressions of the times. Some,
like the Kondapalli Fort, built on a forested
hill near Vijayawada, was a place for the
relaxation and recreation of the king.
The architectural and artistic heritage
of Rayalaseema or the royal frontier region
comprising Kurnool, Anantapur, Kadapa
ANDHRA PRADESH E V E RY T H ING ’ S P O S S IBL E 25
The Veerabhadra
and Chittoor acquired a high level of temple (facing page
sophistication by the 14th century and top), the Chandragiri
Fort (facing page
continued to flourish till the 17th century. bottom), Kondapalli
Fort (above) and
The remains of fortifications in this region Gandikota Fort
(above inset)
such as the formidable Chandragiri built are magnificent
in the Vijayanagara style of architecture, monuments that
blend into the
the historic 14-gateway Gooty, the Konda natural landscape
Reddy Buruju, the Siddavatam or Sidhout,
and the Penukonda and Gandikota forts are
astonishing monuments that blend into and
reflect the natural landscape. Much like the
historic Kondaveedu Fort in Guntur district
which besides offering a glimpse into the
past, is a place of great scenic beauty.
 Kuchipudi is the jewel in
the crown of dance forms
of Andhra Pradesh
 ANDHRA PRADESH E V E RY T H ING ’ S P O S S IBL E 29

SYMPHONY OF EMOTIONS

of coping with the world by defining it in detail,” finds perfect



For centuries music, dance and theatre have flourished in












The roots of Carnatic music – which is among the most definitive

embedded in the ethos of Andhra Pradesh. The very first 





to have composed the very first 





pride of position – being the first section in a 







 

 



 
 This page and facing
Kshetrayya was another prolific Telugu poet and
page: Kuchipudi, one composer of the 17th century, who is credited with over
among the eight major
Indian classical dance 40,000 and in devotion of Lord Krishna.
forms, is a dance-
drama that originated
He is said to have perfected the format of Carnatic
in Andhra Pradesh music which is today an integral part of music recitals and
Kuchipudi and Bharatanatyam dances. Its unique feature
is the practice of singing the first and then the
 – the first verse following the second.
The  of Kancharla Gopanna or Bhakta Ramadasu
– another legendary poet of 17th century Andhra Pradesh
– are also immensely popular. His body of work, comprising
nearly 300 spiritually-lively songs, are all dedicated to Lord
Rama, of which the most popular are 
and . In
fact, folklore recounts that Tyagaraja, considered one of the
Trinity of Carnatic music composers, was influenced by the
songs of Bhakta Ramadasu, which were sung to him by his
mother.
The Telugu language and its mellifluous sounds
form the perfect base for Carnatic music. Tyagaraja for
instance wrote almost entirely in Telugu. Born as Kakarla
Tyagabrahmam, his family originally hailed from the

Cumbum in Prakasam district of Andhra Pradesh. A
prolific composer, his are known for their lyrical quality,
purity of language and (tune) and  (rhythmical cycle)
excellence. Carnatic music was also practised and preached by
giants such as Lakshmi Narayan Shastri, Chinta Krishna Murti
and others. And, although the list is not exhaustive, among
the many who have contributed to the popularity of Carnatic
music style are Dwaram Venkataswamy Naidu, one of the most
accomplished Carnatic music violinists of the 20th century,
eminent veena players Emani Sankara Sastry and Chitti Babu
player Sheikh Chinna Moulana.
ANDHRA PRADESH E V E RY T H ING ’ S P O S S IBL E 31
               
Andhra Pradesh boasts of varied dance
forms, each of which is an expression of
vivacity and grace. From the elaborate
Kuchipudi, Andhra Natyam and Vilasini
Natyam to the tale-telling Burrakatha, the
mythologically-significant Veeranatyam
and the colloquial Buttabommalu,
Thappettagullu, Lambadi, Dhimsa and
Kolatam, the dances are all shows of vibrant
costumes, emotions and tales.
Take for instance the globally-famed
Kuchipudi, in which artistes recount
stories through a fine amalgamation of
dance, song, speech and gesture. Or even
Burrakatha and Veeranatyam, where
dancers portray their devotion to the
divine through narration and movement.
In fact, Burrakatha, known variously as
Tamboora, Jangam, Suddulu or Tandana
Katha, evolved from devotional song-dance
performances into a popular art form.
The jewel in the crown, of course, is
Kuchipudi – which originated in the State
and gets its name from the eponymous
village of its origin. One among the eight
32 ANDHRA PRADESH EVERY THING ’S P O SSI B L E
This page and facing page: (clockwise from above) From
the feminine Vilasini Natyam and the classical Kuchipudi
to the folksy Dhimsa and Lambadi, the tale-telling
Burrakatha and the religious Veeranatyam, Andhra’s
dances are a vibrant show of costumes and emotions
major Indian classical dances, Kuchipudi – whose modern version was
founded in the 17th century by Siddhendra Yogi – is folksy and sensual
and filled with expansive stage movements. Tracing its roots to the ancient
Sanskrit treatise, , Kuchipudi is a singular homage to the
treatise’s basic elements of , . The dance-drama
begins with an invocation expressing reverence to the divine, followed
by introduction of actors / dancers and, finally, a performance that is
choreographed in sync with the music of mridangam, cymbals, veena, flute
.
In many ways similar to Kuchipudi, but with a style of its own, is Andhra
Natyam, a traditional temple dance form that originated in the State a
long time ago but became dormant during the Mughal and British eras.
Boasting of centuries-old heritage, Andhra Natyam is today vying for
classical status. The dance is an exemplar of (grace) and expression of
– which is, perhaps, why it was earlier known
as Lasya Nartana. Said to have been derived from various dance forms,
Andhra Natyam is a spectacle of rich footwork and (expressions),
essentially performed by female dancers.

Another quintessentially feminine dance is Vilasini
Natyam or Chinna Melam, a rejuvenated version of temple
dance, court dance and dance operas of female singer-
dancers. Once prolifically practised by 
dancers, the style declined following the abolition of the
system. However, given its exceptional 
, it is slowly regaining its glory and being
celebrated as well.
Yet another ancient dance form – religious in character
and performed by men – is Veeranatyam or the dance of
the brave. Tracing its origin to the Veeramusti community
– who claim to be direct descendants of Hindu god Shiva
– it involves vigorous movements brandishing swords and
by dancers in
colourful costumes. Ubiquitous in Shiva temples in the
State, the dance is today also performed during marriage
functions and vow-fulfilment ceremonies.
ANDHRA PRADESH E V E RY T H ING ’ S P O S S IBL E 33
Prime among other regional and folk dances that enhance the fabric of
the State’s culture is Buttabommalata – the dance of puppets or dance of
masks. An intrinsic part of almost all celebrations in rural Andhra Pradesh,
it is common to spot masked dancers swaying silently to the beat of .
Unlike Tholubommalata or shadow puppetry, Buttabommalata does not
need a storyteller – it is an art that is defined by silence and delicacy of
movement, drawing its beauty from the spirit of exuberance of its dancers.
Other dances that are deeply integrated into society and often
reflect community life and events, include the acrobatic Thappettagullu
performed by men in honour of the rain goddess in Srikakulam,
Vizianagaram and Visakhapatnam villages; Gobbi, a dance popular among
women in coastal areas during Makara Sankranti festival; Dhimsa, in which
dancers, especially in Araku Valley, dress up in traditional tribal attire and
celebrate friendship and fraternity to the beat of , , , 
; the colourful and rhythmic Lambadi of the semi-nomadic
Banjaras and, last but not the least, Kolatam, an entertaining, rhythmic
dance that is performed with sticks.
34 ANDHRA PRADESH EVERY THING’S
THING ’S P O SSI B L E

                  
While the urban stage in the State hosts dramas that
range from verse to historical, political, revolutionary and
secular – essayed by giant playwrights and actors, Andhra
villages have, for centuries now, been largely entertained by
theatres of caravan troupes.
tradition cast significant influence
on Telugu theatre during the second half of the 19th
century when performances were staged in the coastal
Andhra region by travelling theatre companies from
Maharashtra. Today, prominent among Telugu theatre
companies that tour rural Andhra is the more-than-
a-century-old Surabhi Theatres, a unique family-run
collective whose elaborate trick scenes remain the main
reason for its popularity. The Hindu Nataka Samajam,
Nataka Kala Parishath, Praja Natya Mandali and Andhra
University Experimental Theatre (AUET) also occupy
special place.
 ANDHRA PRADESH E V E RY T H ING ’ S P O S S IBL E 35

In fact, theatre companies popularised Telugu theatre

as early as in the 2nd century BCE, although until 1860

versions of Sanskrit or European plays. The first definite
mention of theatrical performance in the Telugu language
appeared in Palkurki Somanatha’s poetical texts of 13th
century CE, where he refers to , a play
staged during Maha Sivarathri festival in Srisailam.
Telugu drama emerged as a distinct literary genre only
after the introduction of English education. It was Korada
Ramachandra Sastry’s in 1860
that set the stage for vernacular drama-writing which,
thereafter, was taken to a whole new level by Gurazada
Apparao, who with simple idiom and gentle humour
, considered the greatest play in the
Telugu language.
Tyagaraja, known as ‘Geyanataka Marga Darsi’ as he
was among the first to create Geya Natakam or musical
plays, also composed three splendid ones in Telugu – 
, .
Across various regions of the State, folk theatrical
traditions use regional or community specific dialects and
ethos to present popular stories that blend music, dance,
drama and acrobatics. So there is Padya Natakam or
mythological stage plays, Garage or dance-dramas whose
theatrical elements are defined by decorated costumes and
dance, Chekka Bajana of the Rayalaseema region which is
defined by oral narrative and dialogues, Sarada Kathalu
and Burrakatha that tell stories in the form of songs,
Veedhi Bhagotham or street dramas, Tholubommalata
or shadow puppetry through songs and dialogues and,
finally, Turupu Bagavatham, a kind of folk theatre that is
interspersed with conversation and dance-like ballet.


State, folk theatrical traditions use
regional ethos to present plays that
blend drama, music and, even dance
36 ANDHRA PRADESH EVERY THING ’S P O SSI B L E
            
Andhra Pradesh is an amalgamation of subcultures
that manifests in the resplendence of its colourful fairs
and grand festivals. Festivities and rituals are invariably
celebrated with the sanctity or gaiety that they deserve.
Many of them have evolved over the centuries and are
closely associated with agriculture.
For instance, Eruvaka Purnima – meaning a plough
ready with bullocks and meaning day – which is
observed on a full moon day () in June-July, marks
the commencement of the cultivation season. On this day,
cultivators wash their farm equipment, decorate them with
turmeric paste, vermilion, flowers and then make offerings
to Mother Earth. Another significant festival associated
with agriculture is Makara Sankranti, also called Pedda
Panduga in coastal Andhra. It denotes the beginning of the
harvesting season and is spread over three days – Bhogi
Panduga, Pedda Panduga and Kanuma Panduga – with
people burning old articles, offering prayers to the gods
and making merry.
Festivities permeate every nook and corner of the
State as homes are adorned with multi-coloured 
(patterns on the floor in living rooms or courtyards) and
the air resounds with the music of devotional songs and
 (feats with decorated bulls) performances.
Ugadi is another festival that is celebrated with great
fanfare in Andhra Pradesh, as people rejoice the beginning
of a new year. Marking the first day of the Hindu luni-solar
calendar month of Chaitra, corresponding to March-April,
it is associated with joy, hope and aspiration. A sweet-sour-
tangy-bitter (fresh pickle)is ritualistically kept
before the gods – a symbolic representation of flavours to
expect in the coming year – before being served as 
 ANDHRA PRADESH E V E RY T H ING ’ S P O S S IBL E 37


Traditions such as decorating
homes and neighbourhoods with
muggulus and mango leaf festoons,
ritualistic offerings to deities and
sumptuous feasts mark most


divine offering). People wear new clothes and decorate

their houses with 
leaves. Family gatherings and sumptuous feasts of special
dishes such as , , 
customary.
Like in the rest of the country, religious fervour and
festivities pervade the atmosphere in the State during
Buddha Purnima, Mahavir Jayanthi, Varalakshmi Vratham,
Eid-al-Adha, Vinayaka Chaviti, Eid-al-Fitr, Moharram,
Dussehra, Deepavali, Christmas, Maha Shivrathri and
Ramnavami.
Ramnavami, in fact, figures prominently in the cultural
calendar of Andhra Pradesh. 
processions are taken out at several places, the epic
Ramayana is recited in homes and temples and 
of Bhakta Ramadasu are sung. The most magnificent
Ramnavami celebrations, organised by the State
Government, takes place at the Kodandarama Temple in
Vontimitta.
38 ANDHRA PRADESH EVERY THING ’S P O SSI B L E
Followers of Islam observe Ramadan

atmosphere during Eid-al-Adha and Eid-al-
Fitr. Christmas is also celebrated on a large
scale with rich feasts, processions, Telugu

of Christ and of Christian saints.
Andhra Pradesh also boasts of some
festivals that are specific to places of
worship – the most significant and grandest
of which is the Brahmotsavam of Tirupati
Balaji Temple. Essentially spiritual in
character and celebrated over ten days,
Brahmotsavam begins with 
or the hoisting of a flag amid Vedic chants.
The deities of Lord Venkateswara, an avatar
of Lord Vishnu, and his consorts Sridevi
and Bhudevi are then taken in a procession
along the streets, followed by daily 
(religious offering made to the fire god),
 (ritual worship in which light from a
flame is offered to deities) and chanting of

festivals celebrated in places of
worship, the most significant are the
Srikalahasti (above) and Tirupati
Brahmotsavam (right) celebrations
songs, before finally, ending the festivities

flag.

ritual in the spiritual calendar at
Simhachalam. There is also the festival of
the deity of a temple dedicated to Lake
Kolleru which is celebrated for 16 days,
the chariot festival of Uravakonda, the
Sirimanotsavam of Sri Pydimamba, Maha
Shivrathri at Srikalahasti temple and
Srisailam temples and so on.
Andhra Pradesh Tourism has also
launched tourism-related festivals –
International Kite Festival, Kakatiya
Festival, All India Arts and Crafts Festival,
Deccan Festival, Lumbini Festival,
Vishakha Utsav, Vijayanagara Festival, All
India Girijan Festival, Rayalseema Food
and Dance Festival and Buddha Jayanthi –
all of which are cultural extravaganzas that
nurture the land’s traditions and heritage.
ANDHRA PRADESH E V E RY T H ING ’ S P O S S IBL E 39
42 ANDHRA PRADESH EVERY THING ’S P O SSI B L E

HANDMADE STORIES
















of flowers, leaves and roots that infuse colour and, above
all, the infinite imagination of the artisans to visualise and


              









find endless inspiration in their environment. Etikoppaka

their wooden toys a fragrant finish while 


fine khadi, cotton is cleaned with combs made of bones of
fish – which weavers believe is what gives the


 

 
 
ANDHRA PRADESH E V E RY T H ING ’ S P O S S IBL E 43
44 ANDHRA PRADESH EVERY THING ’S P O SSI B L E

is the deep red that is found in the root of the madder tree,
yellow, green and grey in pomegranate seeds and vivid blue
in the indigo plant.
Imbued with flavours, hues and textures borrowed
from nature and holding within them many, many stories,
Andhra Pradesh’s crafts are what they are famed and loved
for – distinctly rustic and plainly charming.


Many a time the typical features of a material would have
shaped the evolution of a craft. Artisans in Madhavamala,
twenty kilometres from Tirupati, have for centuries been
carving some of the most exquisite and brilliant wood
sculptures in red sandalwood, occurring mainly in the
forest areas of Chittoor and Nellore districts. A rare wood,
rich and lustrous in colour and resistant to extreme
temperatures, it catalysed the birth of a unique form of
wood sculpture famed across the world today for bridging
the gap between the spiritual and the mundane – from
grand and eloquent chariot wheels, temple archways,
carved pillars and magnificent idols of deities to utilities
such as mirror frames, kitchenware and even jewellery!
The vibrant beauty of the intricate and mythologically
significant toys and objets d’art created by the wood-
workers of Kondapalli can also be attributed to 
– a soft, malleable wood that is available in the nearby hills.
Drawing natural glues from the environment and inspired
by nature’s exotic colours, these toys – locally known
as Kondapalli portray mythological themes
(ten avatars of Hindu god Vishnu)
(Indian fables written in Sanskrit)
as also animals, birds and slices of rural quotidian life.
And, while the canvas of the craft has today broadened
to include scenes of city life as well, the classics continue
to rule. During Makar Sankranti and Navrathri festivals,

















. The form is first crafted with lathe machines



ANDHRA PRADESH E V E RY T H ING ’ S P O S S IBL E 45












 ANDHRA PRADESH E V E RY T H ING ’ S P O S S IBL E 47







  

  


 
  

  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
are beautifully arched in the shape of a fish or a leaf to lips 
48 ANDHRA PRADESH EVERY THING ’S P O SSI B L E























finely-proportioned wooden cutlery of Udaygiri; the








weaves and magnificent workmanship; the Srikalahasti


ANDHRA PRADESH E V E RY T H ING ’ S P O S S IBL E 49
50 ANDHRA PRADESH EVERY THING ’S P O SSI B L E

look of the Venkatagiri, the vibrant ikat

and the aesthetics and artistry of Chirala
Kuppadam – Andhra Pradesh’s weaves are
all representative of the timeless beauty of
the State’s textiles and what Marco Polo,
the Italian merchant, writer and explorer
wrote many ages ago: “I have seen the
finest and best kind of cloth in the Deccan,
the fineness of which can be compared
to the spider’s web. Kings and queens of
any country in the world will take pride in
wearing them. In Masulipatnam (present-
day Machilipatnam) and elsewhere...
admirable chintzes have since many
centuries been turned out – hand-printed
textiles that are so perfectly coloured that
it is sometimes difficult to distinguish them
from the finest embroidery.”
A rich, harmonious tapestry of

and preferred by Kuchipudi dancers,
Dharmavaram saris are a sum of many
factors – lustrous dual-colour, broad
border and in solid colour and


worn by Telugu brides and grooms during
ceremonial occasions. While the saris do not

The lustrous Dharmavaram

silk (above), the vibrant
Rajahmundry cotton (right inset),
the dual-toned Mangalagiri
(bottom right) and the rich
Chirala Kuddapam (facing page)

beauty of Andhra’s textiles


For centuries now, Andhra Pradesh has been weaving the
finest of silks and cottons. In vibrant colours and bright
motifs these fabrics, with nature and poetry enmeshed in
every thread, are inspiration for fashion aficionados all
over the world. From the Mangalagiri saris that create
an illusion of changing colours to the beautiful swish of
Uppada and Dharmavaram silks, the demure beauty of
Madhavaram, the silent grace of Ponduru khadi, the royal

make any grandiose statements, adorned with borders
and jacquard or zarithey classy looks are much-
favoured.
Mangalagiri saris, with double-weave threads that create
an illusion of changing colours, are recognised by their
distinctive GI-tag Nizam borders – sparkling unadorned
borders woven with zari These airy and vibrant silk-cotton
saris created in a quaint temple town by the same name,
are redefining the world of ethnic fashion today, growing
beyond the sari to include tunics, blouses, scarves, stoles
and even sling bags!
Traditionally preferred by the royals and nobles of
Nellore region, Andhra Pradesh, Venkatagiri saris, woven
in a small town by the same name in Nellore district,
represents the collective ingenuity of its weavers. As do the
ANDHRA PRADESH E V E RY T H ING ’ S P O S S IBL E 51
handloom weaves of Chirala, with each individual thread
dyed in a pre-determined pattern, devoid of sharpness and
mellow on the skin.
The swish of the silk, the softness of the cotton, the silent

consciousness of the State’s weaving community. Their
beauty is timeless. Today, as lovers of art look beyond the
machine-made to the charm of things crafted by hand, it is
the understated elegance of Andhra’s silks, the craftsmanship
, the beauty of its crochet lace, the vibrance of its
toys and wood craft and the brilliance of its metal wares that
draws and holds attention.
Each craft is not only enchanting but also has social
histories encoded within, fascinating stories that have
happened over time.
54 ANDHRA PRADESH EVERY THING ’S P O SSI B L E

MORSELS AND MEALS




Sandwiched between two major highways, roughly about

five kilometres from the town of Guntur, the first sight of
Asia’s largest chilli market can be daunting. A fiery red
blanket comes into vision first, even as the olfactory organ
goes into overdrive, with bursts of sneezing and coughing –
leaving one, literally, breathless.
If you persist, what you get is a ringside view of the
world of locally-grown chillies: to name a few, the hottest
Koraivikaram, the premium Guntur Sannam S4 and
334, Teja, Bydagi, Bedki, Phatki and Wonderheart. The
flavour of the Andhra chilli is so overpowering that any
dry chutney made by powdering the Koraivikaram – also
known as the ‘flaming stick’ – with tamarind and salt can
pose a stiff challenge to even the most fanatic spice lover.
Chillies add a lot of character to the State’s cuisine
as well as to its trade. Registering transactions of ~$100
million per annum, this striking market – known as the
NTR Mirchi Yard – serves as a barometer of Andhra
Pradesh’s love affair with chillies.

                        
Any narrative that traces the evolution of food in the State
would unfailingly attribute its distinctive flavours to the use
of three key ingredients – chillies, tamarind and 
(leaves of roselle, also sorrel). Most of the classic dishes tend
to have a liberal dose of either all three or at least two of
these in combination.
The reason for the abundance of chillies in Andhra is
now a well-known story: “…there was once a severe famine
in the area, and all that grew were red chillies which then
became a staple of the local diet”. Another prevalent view
is that given the extreme heat and humidity experienced
by the State, the chilli, which acts as a preservative, ensures
that cooked food remains fresh.

the same status as the main course, especially the 
pickle – sour, raw green mangoes tossed in a mixture of red
chilli powder, salt and sesame oil, and lovingly preserved
in traditional ceramic jars. During summer, when mangoes
flood local markets, homemakers – each with her own
A cult classic, the tamarind-rich Pulihora
secret recipe – engage in the annual  is even offered to the presiding deity at
process, a ritual in itself. the famous Tirupati Balaji temple
ANDHRA PRADESH E V E RY T H ING ’ S P O S S IBL E 55
 Tamarind is liberally used to balance the
heat of the chillies. The fruit, fresh flowers
and even its tender leaves (chiguru) are used
to make gravies, varieties of chutney and
lentil-based soups. Padma Shri Bilkees I
Latif, an expert on Andhra fare, in her book
The Essential Andhra Cookbook, succinctly
explains the reasons for the predominant
usage of tamarind: “…[it] not only helps to
digest the rich, hot, spicy Andhra food but is
also considered a coolant for the system….
It also helps tempt one’s appetite…
particularly in summer when the hot
weather makes heavy food undesirable.”

Clockwise from left: Breakfast staple

pesarattu, the spicy avakkai and
cauliflower pachadi are the eternal
favourities of Andhra cuisine

A tamarind-rich dish popular across all regions
of the State, a cult classic, and a religion by itself
– a thick sauce of tamarind, chillies,
salt and asafoetida, tempered with mustard, curry
leaves, peanuts and various dals is mixed with rice
and topped with fragrant sesame oil. Such is its
greatness that it is offered even to the presiding deity
and then distributed as 
at temples such as the Sri Venkateswara Swamy
Temple in Tirupati; par for the course in feasts and
Gongura, the magic festivals, is also a staple, everyday dish. One

Andhra dishes, is best
, a
enjoyed as gongura pachadi combination of two eternal favourites.
ANDHRA PRADESH E V E RY T H ING ’ S P O S S IBL E 57
, with its unique, sharp sour taste, perfectly
complements and balances the chilli and tamarind in
Andhra dishes. In fact, many refer to it as the ‘magic
ingredient’. – a coarsely ground mixture
of roselle leaves, chillies and salt, tempered with oil and
mustard – along with hot steaming rice and ghee, is a
standard starter for most meals in the State. Paeans have
been sung in ’s honour. In , a Telugu
classic movie, it is reverentially referred to as 
or a gift from the Goddess of the Greens.
The sobriquet of ‘Andhra ’ (Andhra’s Mother) too fits
it right, given its omnipresence across dishes such as ,
, , .
58 ANDHRA PRADESH EVERY THING ’S P O SSI B L E















 

 



 

 

 



 




or first bites







which make it more flavourful. Tomato 

(mango-flavoured dal)






ANDHRA PRADESH E V E RY T H ING ’ S P O S S IBL E 59
60 ANDHRA PRADESH EVERY THING ’S P O SSI B L E

Andhra dish, famous across the globe, is the ,

fish cooked in a thick tamarind and chilli gravy. 
, a spicy curry that is made with either fresh or
dried fish, especially one prepared in the Nellore style, is
a favourite with seafood lovers. This is served with , a
thick, bold-flavoured gravy, and or stir-fry.
Popular vegetarian 
(raw banana flower curry), (ivy
gourd cooked with coconut and green chilli) and the iconic
(stuffed brinjal curry). For meat eaters,
there is the succulent or lamb head gravy, The hot and spicy
chepala pulusu (top left),
 Rayalaseema speciality
ragi mudde (above) and
based gravy and the celebrated , which is the traditional gutti
vankaya koora (right)
chicken gravy spiced up with fiery Guntur chillies. are among Andhra’s top
, a mildly-spiced soup made with signature dishes

tomatoes, pepper and lemon. Typically, this soup is served

with steamed rice and topped with ghee or butter. For
many, – horse gram soup traditionally slow-
cooked on wood fire – rustles up memories of home and
comfort. A dish that originated in the State’s Krishna
district, it now has many contemporary variations like the
biryani.
This is finally followed by (buttermilk) or 
(curd) and a variety of sweets such as (shell-shaped
crispy sweets), (pancakes stuffed with a filling of
dal and sugar or jaggery) and (rice or
a similar ingredient boiled in milk and sugar and often
flavoured with cardamoms, raisins and cashews).

Rayalaseema, comprising the southern districts of
Anantapur, Kurnool, Kadapa and Chittoor, is landlocked
and experiences dry and arid weather – a reason why
millet-based dishes are predominantly used here as mains,
in addition to rice. or finger millet balls, 
which is a mixture of soft millet and broken rice
, coarse pancakes of jowar, are this region’s
specialities. To compensate for the paucity of fresh herbs
and vegetables, jaggery, coconut, tamarind, dried coconut
and herbs are used to enhance flavour.
 The use of peppercorn along with
chillies is another distinctive feature of this
region, which is renowned for its non-
vegetarian fare. The Kshatriya community
has contributed much to the development
of meat-based dishes. Veta mamsam kobbari
biryani (mutton cooked with coconut), seema
kodi (Rayalaseema-style chicken), keema
undalu (keema balls), chennuru dum biryani
and gongura mamsam (mutton cooked in
sorrel gravy) are must-haves. Uggani or
borugula upma, a puffed rice savoury, is a
speciality breakfast dish of Rayalaseema.
Uggani with mirchi bajjia or chilli puff is
a staple street fare in this region. The
local food here is also influenced by the
traditional dishes of its neighbouring States,
Tamil Nadu and Karnataka.
Travel further north, and you reach the
Konaseema region, comprising East and
West Godavari districts – the most fertile
land to be found along the Coramandel
Coast. Lush green paddy fields and
tall coconut trees make this region a
photographer’s delight. Nature’s bounty
is also reflected in the traditional sweets
and savouries churned out by locals in its
villages. One such delicacy is the Ambajipeta
pottakkalu – idlis steamed in baskets made of
jackfruit leaf.
Konaseema’s cuisine would be
considered uninspired without the mention
of seafood. An oft-heard, rural Telugu
saying in this region is that ‘the pulasa must
be had at least once in a lifetime, even if one
is required to sell everything that one owns,
including the mangalsutra’. This would
hardly be an exaggeration for some locals,
since a single fish of the Godavari pulasa
variety, which is used to make the pulasa
pulusu, a thick, aromatic and tangy gravy,
can cost a few thousand rupees. It is usually
prepared in August-September, as per
availability of the fish.
The region also upholds the State’s love
for pickles through its many innovative
concoctions. Bhimavaram, a town in West
Godavari district is, in fact, gaining repute
as a non-vegetarian-pickle hub, with its line-
up of chicken, fish and shrimp pickles. They
are quite a hit with locals who live abroad,
making it to the top of their take-back-home
list when they visit India.

The sourness of gongura leaves add a special

flavour to Gongura chicken, the all-time
favourite of non-vegetarians
62 ANDHRA PRADESH EVERY THING ’S P O SSI B L E

Athreyapuram, a small village in this

region, is home to 
prepared by coating or sugar and
or rice flour.
Also known as the ‘paper sweet’, the flaky,
melt-in-your-mouth sweetmeat has made
its place of origin a must-visit for renowned
chefs, travel writers and connoisseurs of
good food. In a bid to offer a delectable
selection, the traditional recipe has been
slightly tweaked and a variant with dried
fruit and jaggery stuffing is also available
now. This dessert finds mention in the 
and will soon apply for a GI
tag.

Athreyapuram is known for is , a
mango- or palm-flavoured, sundried fruit
jelly. While the Kakinada – layered
flour, deep-fried and dipped in sugar – is
popular, the natives of the State prefer the
, a variant that is
regularly served at wedding feasts.
The food of coastal Andhra is distinctly
different – many considering it to be more
authentic in comparison to that of the rest
of the State because it is less influenced by
other cultures. Almost nine of the State’s

number of local specialities – most obviously
 ANDHRA PRADESH E V E RY T H ING ’ S P O S S IBL E 63

The cuisine of Andhra Pradesh is the sum of its parts

– the people with their habits and customs, the origins
and influences of its rulers and the varied geography and
climate – from hot, arid and dry regions to lush coastal
districts and the fertile rice-growing belt. A gastronomic
journey across its length and breadth clearly reveals how
these aspects have led to the evolution of an array of dishes,
which, despite being unified and recognised as the State’s
traditional fare, hold on to their separate, distinguishing
Clockwise from facing page extreme left:
From upmauppuma and chepa vepudu
to bunglo chicken and sweetmeats such
as pootharekulu, gavvalu and Kakinada
identities – just as the chilli varieties laid out at the NTR
khaaja, Andhra is a smorgasbord of Mirchi Yard together present a uniform carpet of bright
delightful tastes
red and yet possess an unmistakeable individuality.
due to the abundance of fresh catch. Also, the food in
this belt is high on coconut and chillies. A typical coastal
preparation and a speciality of Krishna district is kuchipudi
kodi, chicken prepared with red chilli paste and coconut.
Vanjaram (seer fish) cooked in different styles such as pulusu
and vepudu is also famed.
The cuisine of the districts of Visakhapatnam,
Vizianagaram and Srikakulam – commonly known as
Uttarandhra – gives importance to innovation. Fenugreek
(menthipettina kura), onions (ullikaram), mustard (avapettina
kura) and sesame (nuvvugunda kura) are used to make
gravies and curries.
One can also sample the tribal cuisine of the State in
Araku Valley in Visakhapatnam. Stuffing marinated chicken
or mutton in bamboo stalks and roasting it over fire is an
interesting traditional cooking method that is still prevalent
among the tribes of Andhra Pradesh. The bounglo or
bamboo chicken served in Araku Valley is a connoisseur’s
delight – the masalas are subtle and the chicken pieces
which soak in the flavour of the bamboo shoot are
extremely light due to minimum use of oil.
 The Havelock and Arch bridges
over River Godavari are enduring
images of Andhra Pradesh
 ANDHRA PRADESH E V E RY T H ING ’ S P O S S IBL E 67

DELIGHTFUL DESTINATIONS






Andhra Pradesh is known for many things – its ancient heritage evident in
its archaeological sites and monumental monuments, its many-splendoured
performing arts, its spicy and fiery cuisine which is now finding its way to
more and more restaurant tables and last, but not the least, its handicrafts,
which hold within them many stories. Of late, Andhra Pradesh, the
third most visited State in the country, is beginning to be known for its
beautiful locales and beaches – each a standout, unsurpassed in loveliness.
Not only are many of these places unique, they are also little-known.
Take for instance Gandikota, Belum Caves, Borra Caves, picture-perfect
Papikondalu or even Lambasingi, the Kashmir of the East – all of which
enrich Andhra Pradesh at a whole new level.


The 974-km-long beautiful shoreline of Andhra Pradesh is part of the
Coromandel Coast – a golden stretch that is flanked by the disjointed low-
lying hills of the Eastern Ghats in the west and the glassy waters of the Bay
of Bengal in the east. Largely uninterrupted by promontories, the entire
coastline has the appearance of a long, endless beach.
There are, of course, a few ports and river estuaries that break this
most unusual stretch of shoreline. The narrow coastal plain in Srikakulam
district, one of the State’s more remote areas in the northernmost tip
of Andhra, is punctuated by three prominent rivers – Mahendratanaya,
Vamsadhara and Nagavali, all of which drain into the Bay of Bengal
here. They form fertile deltas and beautiful estuaries – enhancing a rustic
landscape with a profusion of casuarina plantations and cashew groves, a
region with an old-world charm, a place where time stands still.
Further down towards Visakhapatnam district, the Simhachalam hill
range and other gentle hillocks frame the landscape behind the coast that
is marked by lush greenery and rocky shores. Visakhapatnam’s wild and
beautiful shoreline has multiple beaches of which the most favoured are the
populated Ramakrishna and Rushikonda beaches and the secluded Yarada
and Gangavaram beaches.
 Towards the central part of the coast, where
the Krishna-Godavari confluence is formed by the
two great eponymous rivers, black soil and sandy
loam take the place of golden sands. The delta of
River Godavari flowing into the Bay of Bengal at
Antarvedi and the delta of River Krishna flowing
into the Bay at Hamsaladeevi are sacred sites
while, away from the coast, the fertile plains of
Konaseema in the Godavari delta are beautified
further by stunning backwaters and lush paddy
fields lined with coconut trees. In the adjoining
Guntur and Prakasam districts, the landscape turns dry
and featureless, but the golden sands re-emerge at some
of the finest beaches on Andhra’s coast – Surya Lanka,
Kothapatnam and Vodarevu. The coast around Chirala is
also beautiful, with alluring sands and foreshore.
Finally, at the southernmost end of Andhra Pradesh’s
long coastline, Nellore district brings back the rural idyll
along with pristine beaches. Several prawn hatcheries
and fish ponds, fringed by coconut trees, sit by the sea.
Irrigated by the waters of the Krishna and Penna rivers,
greenery is also abundant.
G A N D I KOTA
Gandikota, also known as the ‘Hidden Grand Canyon of India’, is
a picturesque gorge that has been formed by River Penna that cuts
through the Erramala Hills. Boasting of a breathtaking landscape, the
region is gifted with natural bounties – of which the most beautiful is the
Rayalacheruvu stretch, with perennial springs that irrigate lemon and
plantain gardens. The river itself holds two majestic dams – the upstream
Gandikota Dam and the downstream Mylavaram Dam.Multiple locations
along the riverbank and outside Gandikota Fort are perfect for camping.
70 ANDHRA PRADESH EVERY THING ’S P O SSI B L E

                    
One of the country’s natural wonders, the Borra Caves or
Borra Guhalu, as they are known locally, is just about 91
kilometres from Visakhapatnam. Formed in the belly of the
Ananthagiri hills in Visakhapatnam district, they have been
carved out, over millenia, by streams which flowed from
the hills towards the nearby River Gosthani. Excavations
conducted by the Andhra University have even revealed
the presence of stone tools dated between 30,000 and
50,000 years – pointing to use of the caves for habitation in
that period.
Today, these caves, woven into the cultural fabric of the
area, are favoured by domestic and foreign travellers. Deep
within the caves, is a stalagmite shaped like a 
worshipped by local aboriginal communities during Maha The Belum Caves in Kurnool district are the longest
Shivrathri festival. The caves have been lit up for good and the second-largest caves in India. With a length of
visibility and one can walk almost 1.2 kilometres inside. 3,229 kilometres and a depth of 46 metres, the caves
 are a natural marvel – with its deepest point, known
(formations hanging from the roofs of the caves) and boasting of an underwater stream that
stalagmites (formations standing on the floors of the caves) inexplicably flows throughout the year. The caves contain
– some of which have names inspired by their shapes long passages, spacious chambers, freshwater galleries
such as Shiva and Parvati, Rishi’s Beard, Human Brain, and siphons, and famed for its stalactite and stalagmite
Crocodile, Tiger, Cow’s Udder and more. formations. The highlight of the caves is a 16-row maze.


The Araku Valley, popularly known as the Ooty of Andhra, has a pleasant
climate, dense forests and coffee plantations. These plantations which were
first developed in the 19th century by the British were expanded by the
State Government in the post-independence period and then handed over
to aboriginal families living in the valley.
Aboriginal presence in the valley continues to be strong and in order to
provide a window to their lifestyle, the State Government has developed
a tribal museum showcasing their culture. Of added interest, is the
Padmapuram Gardens – a beautifully landscaped area that boasts of tree
houses and a toy train.
Araku Valley, about 115 kilometres by road from Visakhapatnam is,
however, best reached by rail – with the glass-top coaches of the Vistadome
train offering magnificent views of the countryside.

The origins of most hill stations in India can be
traced to the colonial period, specifically to heat-
tormented British officers who sought summer
retreats in the cooler parts of the country’s
mountain ranges. Horsley Hills, a hill station
worthy of note in Andhra Pradesh, is named after
the British officer who first built on it in the 19th
century.
As a matter of course, Horsley Hills was known
to local communities even before the Raj; the
(1908) mentions that its name
was Yenuga Mallamakonda, after a woman named
Mallamma who, according to legend, was fed by
elephants.
Located at an elevation of 4,000 feet above sea
level, the hill station is diminutive in area, has a
few hotels, bars and bungalows and offers ample
opportunities for relaxing in bracing weather, as
well as enjoying scenic views from viewpoints on
the hill.
For the more adventurous visitors, there are
opportunities for rappelling and other outdoor
activities, although tourists are well-advised
to check for the availability of these activities
beforehand.
72 ANDHRA PRADESH EVERY THING ’S P O SSI B L E

          
The highest waterfall in Andhra Pradesh, the 270-feet-high Talakona Falls, is situated in
the Sri Venkateswara National Park in Chittoor district. The waterfall is just one of the
experiences on offer here, the other being a chance to see wildlife such as the slender loris,
Indian giant squirrel, mouse deer, golden gecko, panther, . Trekking
and birdwatching opportunities can also be availed here. As tourist destinations go,
Talakona is well-developed; there are local tour guides who lead treks into the forest, there
are boating services, as well as a jungle safari. For overnight stays, the State Government’s
Forest Department rents out cottages and dormitories to visitors. The temple nearby,
known as Siddheswara Swamy Temple, is dedicated to the Hindu god Shiva. Talakona
is ~67 kilometres from Tirupati in Andhra Pradesh and multiple choices exist for
transportation to and from Tirupati.
 ANDHRA PRADESH E V E RY T H ING ’ S P O S S IBL E 73

LAMBASINGI
To speak of temperatures flirting with freezing point, snowfall
and apple orchards, is to evoke mental pictures of Kashmir. Or,
if you are in Andhra Pradesh, Lambasingi. This village, ~100
kilometres from Visakhapatnam, is known – albeit to very few –
as the Kashmir of Andhra Pradesh. Not many outside Andhra
Pradesh knew of Lambasingi before 2012 – when it hit the
headlines for having recorded sub-zero temperatures. How many
people even knew that Lambasinghi is the only place in South
India that receives snowfall in winters? Or that it is a good place
for trekking, mountain biking, hiking, camping or even a leisurely
walk? Or, for that matter, photography?
Lambasingi, one kilometre above sea level, boasts of mountains
and valleys as well as several other places worth a visit. There is
the Kothapalli Waterfall in Lambasingi as well as the Black Eye
Susan Garden, a tiny garden filled with the yellow flowers that
give it its name. Also, the Thajangi Reservoir which is a haven for
nature lovers and photographers.

PAPIKONDALU
Papikondalu is a range of hills forming a gorge for River
Godavari to flow through and a stunning national park spread
out around it, measuring 591 square kilometres in all.
A hot spot for nature lovers, animal and bird sightings,
trekking and photography abound here – and if incredibly lucky,
one could also spot a tiger. While Papikondalu was rumoured
to be home to tigers, it was only in 2015 that camera traps laid
by the Forest Department got photos of the big cat. Other fauna
species include the panther, gaur, cheetal, chowsingha, sambhar,
blackbuck, mouse deer, barking deer, sloth bear, wild dog, hyena,
jackal, wild boar and marsh crocodile.
Papikondalu can be reached by road from various
neighbouring places, but boat rides from Rajahmundry offered
by both Andhra Pradesh Tourism and local travel companies are
the best.
74 ANDHRA PRADESH EVERY THING ’S P O SSI B L E


This is not a place but a whole region around the delta formed
by the tributaries of River Godavari meeting the Bay of Bengal.
Konaseema is similar enough to the backwaters of Kerala to be
termed the Kerala of the East – the river determining the pace,
vitality and texture of local life. This is boat country, coconut
country, fish country, paddy country. It is especially good for
motorists who want to go for long drives. Of course, boat rides
are also available.
The Andhra Pradesh Tourism Department organises several
festivals which showcase the culture of Konaseema. There are
many small towns and villages in Konaseema worth a visit for
photography or food trails. Located at the place where River
Godavari meets the Bay of Bengal, Dindi village has swathes
of mangroves that shelter a rich variety of flora and fauna.
is an eatable found here and perhaps nowhere else
but the Konkan – a savoury, pyramid-shaped 
wrapped in jackfruit leaf. The region is also known for sweets
such as  and crepes, locally known as .


nearby temple of Hindu goddess Durga,
Bhavani being one of the avatars of
Durga. The island sits on River Krishna
in Vijayawada and is, therefore, well-
connected with the rest of Andhra Pradesh.
While there are numerous opportunities
for relaxation here, nothing beats lounging
on deck chairs by the riverside, going for
picnics and morning walks and trying a
hand at a few adventure sports.
Kambalakonda Wildlife Santuary’s hilly
expanse is rich in floral diversity
78 ANDHRA PRADESH EVERY THING ’S P O SSI B L E

Blessed with a remarkable geographical

location, fertile soil and optimum climatic
conditions, Andhra Pradesh boasts of rich
biodiversity. Its forests spanning 22,862
kilometres and spread over the biotic zones
of Deccan Plateau, Central Plateau, Eastern
Highland and East Coastal Plains, are home
to several species of plants and animals,

INTO THE WILD

some of which are extremely rare and
endangered.
The State has ensured a safe haven
for its flora and fauna through a network
of 13 wildlife sanctuaries, one national Broadly divided into four major biotic zones, Andhra Pradesh
park, a tiger reserve, an elephant reserve, is an enchanting mosaic of nature in myriad shapes, melodious
a biosphere reserve and two zoo-parks – sounds and mesmerising colours. Its strategic location, varied
the Sri Venkateswara Zoological Park in topography and the Krishna-Godavari river system support
Tirupati and the Indira Gandhi Zoological magnificent plant and animal life that is representative of India
Park in Visakhapatnam.
as well as endemic to the State.
In this network, it is the densely-
forested, 591-square-kilometre Papikonda
National Park that promises the most
unforgettable of vistas and experiences.
Located on the banks of River Godavari,
marked by deep gorges and valleys and dry,
deciduous forests of bamboo, Terminalia,
Pterocarpus, Cassias and other species,
Papikonda is a scenic delight. It is also
home to superlative animal and bird life
– tiger, panther, gaur, cheetal, chowsingha,
sambar, mouse deer, barking deer, sloth
bear, wild dog, hyena, jackal, wild boar,
marsh crocodile, a variety of resident and
migratory birds and, of course, blackbuck –
the State animal.
This page and facing page: Papikondalu
National Park is not only a scenic delight
but also home to marsh crocodiles and
blackbuck, the State animal
80 ANDHRA PRADESH EVERY THING ’S P O SSI B L E

Many of these animals also inhabit the

territory of Sri Venkateswara Wildlife Clockwise from
Sanctuary, named after Lord Venkateswara, left: The vulnerable
yellow-throated
the presiding deity of Tirumala Hills. bulbul, State bird
Rama Chiluka or
Located in the far south of the State, the rose-ringed parakeet
sanctuary is a wonderful abode for flora and slender loris
have a conspicuous
and fauna species that are endemic only presence in the Sri
Venkateswara
to Seshachalam, the hill range that it Wildlife Sanctuary

encompasses. It supports highly-endangered and even
endemic flora – red sanders, sandalwood, lac, 
, a high-trade medicinal tree and 
or Indian cycad – and fauna that include the Indian giant
squirrel, tree shrew, flying lizard, the rare golden gecko
and the slender loris. Animals such as fox, civet cat and
jungle cat also have a conspicuous presence here, besides
178 bird species of which State bird Rama Chiluka or
rose-ringed parakeet, pompadour green pigeon, oriental
white-backed vulture and yellow-throated bulbul are pre-
eminent.
The vulnerable yellow-throated bulbul also finds a safe
haven in Koundinya Wildlife Sanctuary, which is essentially
an elephant reserve that was set up to provide a home to
about 39 elephants that migrated to the State’s habitable
forests between 1983 and 1986 from the forests of the
neighbouring States of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. Today,
boasting of more than 70 pachyderms, it is the State’s only
ANDHRA PRADESH E V E RY T H ING ’ S P O S S IBL E 81
sanctuary with a population of Asian elephants – although,
of late, a corridor for elephants is being planned between
Koundinya and Sri Venkateswara sanctuaries – after the
Chamala Valley within Sri Venkateswara was identified as a
good habitat for elephants.
Keeping these magnificent animals company in
Koundinya are the sloth bear, panther, , ,
wild boar, jungle cat, jackal, jungle fowl, starred tortoise
and slender loris who roam its dry, deciduous and
thorny forests, composed largely of , ,
, and bamboo trees.
Widely acclaimed as the land of tigers, India has 50 tiger
reserves that serve as the ecosystem of the Bengal tiger –
the largest of which is the State’s 3,568 square kilometre
Nagarjunasagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve. The majestic
beasts, currently 110-odd, roam freely in the forests of this
reserve that was renamed Rajiv Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary
in 1992. And while it is the reservoirs and temples of
Essentially an elephant
reserve, Koundinya
is the State’s only
wildlife sanctuary with
a population of Asian

82 ANDHRA PRADESH EVERY THING ’S P O SSI B L E

Srisailam that are major attractions, it is the sighting of

the Bengal tiger that remains a tourist’s most cherished
memory. The forests that cover gently rolling hills, high
mountains and deep valleys of the reserve are significantly
The Nagarjunasagar-
populated by or axlewood, 
Srisailam Tiger //in Telugu, locally
Reserve is the largest
of India’s tiger , or teak, 

 or cork bushes and 
tigers (above) as well
as fauna such as the
mammals like blackbuck, Indian leopard, sloth bear, mouse
sloth bear (far right) deer, , , .
 ANDHRA PRADESH E V E RY T H ING ’ S P O S S IBL E 83

        
A designated wetland under the Ramsar Convention on
Protection of Wetlands, Kolleru Wildlife Sanctuary located
between the Krishna and Godavari deltas provides a habitat
for an estimated 20 million resident and migratory birds. It
is a major tourist attraction boasting of three watchtowers
for sighting the birds. Its 673 square kilometres also
provide dwelling to aquatic species such as 
, , , 
, , , ,
, , ,
.
Kolleru Lake also supports fauna such as 11 species
of molluscs, 63 species of fish, 12 species of prawns and
188 species of birds. Gargeney teals, pintails, mallards,
flamingoes and adjutant storks are some of the migratory
birds that annually visit the lake between October and
March while murrels, the air-breathing fish that can survive
for long periods outside water, catfish, carp and the Indian
climbing perch are the significant varieties of marine life
found in its waters.

A designated Ramsar
wetland, Kolleru
Bird Sanctuary is an
avifaunal paradise
that boasts of a host
of species including

(above) pintail ducks
(extreme left) and
purple herons (left)
(extreme left)

Southwest of Kolleru, a five-hour drive away, is the

beautiful lake of Kondakarla Ava, a 1.3-square-kilometre
sanctuary that was once a holiday resort of the 
of Vizianagaram. A large freshwater lake surrounded
by coconut trees and green hills of the Eastern Ghats, it
has been recognised as an ecotourism destination since it
attracts birds from all over the world.
Migratory birds, especially those from Siberia
and Australia, are also drawn to the village tanks of
Uppalapadu. No doubt birds roost here throughout the
year, making it one of the densest areas occupied by the
84 ANDHRA PRADESH EVERY THING ’S P O SSI B L E




bustard (right) find




 
 


 

 
 

 













ANDHRA PRADESH E V E RY T H ING ’ S P O S S IBL E 85
86 ANDHRA PRADESH EVERY THING ’S P O SSI B L E



bustard, even though the lesser florican and

also find residence in this grassland and










flamingo.








One of the finest



greater flamingo











flora and fauna and

 ANDHRA PRADESH E V E RY T H ING ’ S P O S S IBL E 87

Indian otter, fishing cat, estuarine crocodile

and marine turtle while the feed available
in the backwaters of its mangrove forest
is a big draw for a wide variety of birds –
from the commonly-known seagulls, storks,
herons, snipes, ducks and flamingoes to the
endangered white-backed and long-billed
vultures.
The coastal plains of Krishna delta is
yet another eco-region that is on every
conservationist’s radar. Besides the fact
that it is said to be the second largest
remaining tract of thick primary mangrove
forests in South India, the Krishna Wildlife
Sanctuary, is also environmentally delightful
because it is thought to possess a significant
population of the endangered fishing cat,
 besides amphibian fauna such as otter and
East of River Godavari is the Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary, saltwater crocodile and a variety of avifauna
The Coringa (top) boasting of the largest surviving patch of mangrove forests and fauna.
and Krishna wildlife
sanctuaries are rich in
in Andhra Pradesh, with more than 65 species of the tree! Dry evergreen forests, a unique
mangrove forests, with Other local plants include ,  and endangered forest type, cover two
the latter boasting of a
significant population of . The only estuary of River Godavari flowing sanctuaries in Andhra Pradesh – the
the endangered fishing
cat (above) across the sanctuary, it supports animals such as the smooth Penusila Narasimha Wildlife Sanctuary in
88 ANDHRA PRADESH EVERY THING ’S P O SSI B L E

the southern part of the State and the Kambalakonda
Wildlife Sanctuary near Visakhapatnam in the northern
coastal region. Kambalakonda’s hilly expanse of 70.70
square kilometres is rich in floral diversity and an ideal
habitat for the Indian leopard, panther, spotted deer,
wild boar and wild dog. The much larger Penusila
Narasimha Wildlife Sanctuary, spread over 1030.85
square kilometres of rolling hills and low valleys, is
densely populated by , , 
woods in which reside the panther, ,
, , sloth bear, jackal, wild boar and large
numbers of reptiles and birds.
Spread across Kurnool and Prakasam districts and
covering an area of 1,194 square kilometres is the
extremely scenic Gundla Brahmeswaram Wildlife

Sanctuary. Rich in plants of ethno-botanical value, it
State support the is the last surviving pristine patch of the Nallamala

trees (left) while forest tract. A plethora of vegetation that includes teak,
Krishna Wildlife
Sanctuary (above) , , ,  and bamboo
boasts of the second

and fauna such as tiger, panther, sloth bear, wild dog,
tract of thick primary hyena, jungle cat, bonnet monkey, pangolin, mouse deer,

South India monitor lizard, python, marsh crocodile, , ,
ANDHRA PRADESH E V E RY T H ING ’ S P O S S IBL E 89
,  inhabit this paradisiacal
hinterland.
The State has been relentless in its efforts to conserve
all forms of flora and fauna and their support systems.
Other than establishing sanctuaries for the protection
of endangered and endemic flora, fauna and avifauna,
a sustainable habitat for nearly 1,756 species of
flowering plants has been marked out and designated
the Seshachalam Biosphere Reserve. Its core zone
encompassing 4,755.99 square kilometres, free of human
activity, is the abode of rare and endangered plants such
, , ,
, , 
. A number of animals such as slender loris,
Indian giant squirrel, mouse deer, golden gecko, tiger,
leopard, elephant, sloth bear, 
abound in its precincts.
The wilds of Andhra Pradesh are an enchanting assault
on the senses and wonderfully evocative of a leisurely life.
Cocooned in an environ of virescent hues and surrounded
by a symphony of insect, bird and animal sounds, it is easy
for the visitor to shut away the mundane.
 Andhra Pradesh’s major cities are a
fascinating study of contrast and beauty
92 ANDHRA PRADESH EVERY THING ’S P O SSI B L E

STATE OF THE ART






The State of Andhra Pradesh is one steeped in rich history

and natural treasures – its burgeoning tourism industry
today a testament to its glorious past, present and future.
A divine mix of ecological, cultural, architectural, religious
and culinary riches, the State has always enthralled visitors
who count themselves lucky to experience such delights.
The State’s important cities are unlike any other in
the country – with a unique blend of ancient heritage,
natural landmarks and modern infrastructure. Home to
magnificent forts, citadels and architectural masterpieces
built by past emperors and modern marvels such as theme
     
Amaravati, situated on the southern banks of the Krishna
parks, IT hubs, fun islands, fantasy worlds and golf courses,
River in Guntur district, is billed as the people’s capital of
Andhra Pradesh’s major cities – Amaravati, Vijayawada,
Andhra Pradesh. It is a city with a mission – one that will
Visakhapatnam, Rajahmundry, Machilipatnam, Tirupati,
entrench Andhra Pradesh’s status as a global city, replete
Vizianagaram, Kurnool, Kadapa, Guntur and Puttaparthi –
with state-of-the-art infrastructure and world-class standard
present a fascinating study of contrast and beauty.
of living for its residents. According to a report, Amaravati’s
Palaces, monuments and tombs that are enhanced by
anticipated 3.5 million residents would enjoy efficient
brilliant art and artisanship, go hand in hand with beautiful
public transport including a monorail and metro network,
dams, valleys, hills and ridges that dot the landscape of
while trees would shroud half the city with a green zone
these cities. These stately structures also, incredibly, serve as
like New York’s Central Park.
perfect foil to scenic waterbodies and exquisite resorts.
Amaravati, also known as Amareshvaram, is one of the
most sacred Buddhist pilgrimage sites in India. For the
history buff, it is home to the largest stupa in the country –
Mahachaitya Stupa, which was built in the 2nd century.

                
Dhyana Buddha Park, Amaravati Mahachaitya Stupa,
Amaralingeswara Temple, Amaravati Museum


Guntur is one of the largest and most significant cities of
Andhra Pradesh. It is a multi-cultural and multi-ethnic
city. Bene Ephraim, one of the lost tribes of Israel, can be
traced to this city – with a synagogue located amidst an
array of temples and a few churches and mosques. The
Guntur region is also famous as home to the largest market
in Asia for red chillies. The Agriculture Market Committee
Yard generates an income of up to 100 crore ($14 million)
during the trading season. The chillies grown here are
some of the hottest in the world, even in comparison to
 ANDHRA PRADESH E V E RY T H ING ’ S P O S S IBL E 93

ones grown in Mexico. The Guntur Sanam

Chilli has also acquired a GI tag. Considering
the variety of chillies available here, it is no
wonder that a native dish made of chillies – the
Red Chilli Biryani – is famous among locals and
visitors alike. The largest producer of tobacco
in India, Guntur region is also famous for its
cotton that is used in making some of India’s
finest saris – Guntur and Mangalagiri saris.

TO U R I S T AT T R A C T I O N S
Jinnah Tower, NTR Manasa Sarovaram,
Uppalapadu Bird Sanctuary, Baudhasree
Archaeological Museum, Haailand Theme
Park, Mangalagiri Hill, Mangalagiri Reserve
Forest, ISKCON Temple, Undavalli Caves,
Hinkar Thirtha

KURNOOL
A former capital of the State, Kurnool is a mineral haven with
an abundance of natural resources such as iron ore, dolomite,
limestone, ochre, quartz and silica. Around 15 kilometres
from Kurnool, one would find the Ketavaram rock paintings,
which are said to date back to the Palaeolithic Age – almost
40,000 years ago.
A tourism hot spot, the city houses the second-largest caves
in the country, the Belum caves – a natural marvel that is
3,229 metres long and features some astounding stalactite and
stalagmite formations.

KADAPA
A city in the Rayalaseema region, located in the south-central
part of Andhra Pradesh, Kadapa is surrounded on three
sides by the Nallamala and Palakonda hills and is situated
on the tectonic landscape between the Eastern and Western
Ghats which shields it from the strong winter and summer
winds. Kadapa is nicknamed ‘Gadapa’ meaning threshold,
as in olden times, it was used as a gateway for entering the
sacred Tirumala hills from the west. Thanks to the influence
of various dynasties that ruled Kadapa in the past, the city
is rich in culture and heritage. Kadapa is well known for its
spicy food. Ragi Sangati with chicken curry is one of the most
famous dishes and a staple of locals.
TO U R I S T AT T R A C T I O N S
Paalakondalu Waterfalls, Shilparamam, Ameen Peer Dargah,
Sri Bhagavan Mahaveer Government Museum, Siddavatam
Fort, Vaidyanatha Kamakshi Temple Pushpagiri
TO U R I S T AT T R A C T I O N S
Birla Mandir, Mahanandi Temple, Konda Reddy Fort,
Summer Palace of the Banganapalle Nawabs
M A C H I L I PAT N A M
The city of Machilipatnam, formerly
Masulipatnam, has its place in the annals of
modern history as a vital trade base for the
erstwhile imperial powers – the British, the
French and the Dutch. The first trading post
on the Coromandel Coast for the East India
Company, the city’s present claim to fame
is its handloom industry, which produces
kalamkari textiles that are exported to
United States and other Asian countries.
TO U R I S T AT T R A C T I O N S
Manginapudi Beach, Panduranga Swamy Temple,
Ekambareswara Temple, Dattashram
94 ANDHRA PRADESH EVERY THING ’S P O SSI B L E

       
The spiritual centre of the cult of Sri Satya Sai Baba, the town of
Puttaparthi is in Anantapur district. Housing the ashram of Sai Baba,
Prasanthi Nilayam, Puttaparthi is truly a global city when it comes to its
residents – boasting of thousands of national and international devotees. It
even has its own airport.
                
Chaitanya Jyoti Museum, Sanathana Samskruti Museum, Sri Sathya Sai
Space Theatre, Planetarium, Lord Dattatreya Temple, Gopalaswami
Temple, Sathyabhama Temple
     
One of the country’s most ancient cities, the city of
Tirupati, is in every sense of the word, a temple town. Built
in the foothills of Tirumala hills, Tirupati is one of the
holiest Hindu pilgrimage sites, which sees lakhs of devotees
from other States and abroad visiting the Tirumala
Venkateswara Temple and other historic shrines.
Known as the Spiritual Capital of Andhra Pradesh,
Tirupati is set to make its tryst with modernity following
its listing as one of the 100 cities to be developed as a
Smart City. Some of Andhra Pradesh’s premier educational
institutions are in Tirupati.

                 
Located on the banks of River Godavari in East Godavari district is Tirumala Venkateswara Temple, Govindaraja Swamy
Rajamahendravaram or Rajahmundry. A major Hindu pilgrimage site, Temple, Kapila Theertham, Chandragiri Fort, Sri
Rajahmundry is also considered the cultural capital of Andhra Pradesh. Venkateswara Wildlife Sanctuary
The city was a capital for many Telugu kingdoms and there have been
archaeological findings citing Rajahmundry’s existence well before the
6th century CE. The city boasts of an awe-inspiring lineage of great
litterateurs, poets, painters, musicians and scholars who wrote most of
their game-changing epics here. In fact, Rajahmundry is considered the
birthplace of Telugu literature with roots that can be traced back to the
11th century. Nannaya, poet laureate in the court of Rajaraja Narendra of
Rajahmahendravaram, is considered the pioneer of Telugu literature.
A major regional transportation hub, the city of Rajahmundry is a
manufacturing and production powerhouse, famous for its paper mills. It
is also a centre for rice, salt and lumber. The biggest contribution, however,
is from its textile industry – a wholesale cloth business with an annual
turnover of nearly 400 crore since more than three decades now.

                
Godavari Bridge, Old Godavari Bridge, Pushkar Ghat

    
‘The place of victory’ – the literal translation of
Vijayawada – is quite apt for a city that boasts of being
the State’s financial, educational and health care hub.
The city has its place in world folklore as the
original home of the Kohinoor diamond, which was
found in the Kollur mines – the source of some of the
world’s most iconic diamonds.
The region is the birthplace of the Kuchipudi
dance form and Kondapalli toys and holds special
significance for Buddhism, Christianity and Hinduism.
A historic capital for ancient Indian kingdoms,
Vijayawada has been marked out by 
as a Global City of the Future for its phenomenal
GDP statistics.
                
Prakasam Barrage, Undavalli Caves, Kanaka Durga
Temple, Mangalagiri, ISKCON Vijayawada
ANDHRA PRADESH E V E RY T H ING ’ S P O S S IBL E 95
          
The place where Emperor Ashoka is said to have found
, the coastal city of Visakhapatnam or Vizag
as it is also called, is one of the oldest cities in the Indian
subcontinent. The city has a rich past which connects it
with the Kalinga kingdom, the Andhra kings of Vengi, the
Chalukyas, the Pallavas and the Eastern Ganga dynasties.
The current city, established in the 11th century, is home to
the oldest shipyard as well as one of the natural harbours in
India.
Home to many natural beaches and stunningly beautiful
landscapes in the east coast, the city occupies an important
place in Buddhist history as well.
                
Bavikonda, Thotlakonda, Pavuralakonda and Sankaram
Buddhist sites, Kailasagiri, Dolphin’s Nose, RK Beach,
Vuda Park, Tenneti Park, Sagar Nagar Beach, Rushikonda
Beach, Yarada Beach, Simhachalam Temple, Araku Valley,


A city with a personality, Vizianagaram is a fascinating case
of ‘old meets new’. This bustling city retains a beautiful
old-world charm with a slew of heritage structures lining its
landscape; at the same time, it is home to various large- and
medium-scale industries that manufacture jute twine, ferro
alloys, sugar, cement, pharmaceuticals, sponge and iron.
Besides being a focal point of commerce, Vizianagaram
also boasts of some of the most prestigious educational
institutes in the State.
                
Tatipudi Reservoir, Ganta Stambham Clock Tower,
Vizianagaram Fort
 FA S C I N ATI N G       


FACTS country and several confluences where the waters of rivers

           












of wildlife, the confluence points are a tourist’s delight.
The confluence of River Krishna with the Bay of Bengal is



confluence at Antarvedi where River Vasistha Godavari


deltaic region of Konaseema at the confluence of River



    











            




Appikonda – one finds hundreds of


     












 ANDHRA PRADESH E V E RY T H ING ’ S P O S S IBL E
        
Uppada’s beach road, originally fortified as a cyclone protection measure, has
over time become a preferred hangout – quite like Mumbai’s iconic Marine
Drive where one can watch the mesmerising drama of waves of the ocean and
ships plying on the horizon. The road runs parallel to the sea and a section
          where the sea gets closer and literally gushes underneath a culvert-bridge, has
considerable resemblance to Norway’s Atlantic Ocean Road.
A 2,400-year-old Buddhist
site, Adurru is considered
 by Buddhist
monks and followers. The most
beautiful and famed structure
built like a
giant wheel. It is said that among
the three most popular Buddhist
stupas in the world, the first one
was constructed in Adurru, the
second in Ranchi and the third


  

A 700-year-old village in Kadapa
              district, Tallapaka was once

Erra Matti Dibbalu or Red
of Lord Venkateswara. Later, it
Sand Hills is a notified national
gained fame as the birthplace
geo-heritage monument very
of 15th century Hindu saint,

poet and musician Tallapaka
one of Visakhapatnam’s many
Annamacharya – widely regarded
heritage sites and was formed
as the earliest known Indian
around 10,000 years ago.
musician to have composed
Spanning four kilometres in
devotional songs in praise of Lord
length, such gullied red sand
Venkateswara and the first known
dunes are almost extinct today
composer in Carnatic music.
– with only three remaining in
Dhyana Mandiram is a ten-storey-
South East Asia.
high monument constructed in
the saint-composer’s memory at
Tallapaka.

    

Kadiapulanka is the nucleus
for nurseries that are almost
100 years old. Boasting of
multitudes of flowers and
fruit plants, Kadiapulanka
hosts many flower festivals
and All India Nurseryman’s  

A natural arch in Tirumala hills,
Silathoranam is a notified national
geographic-heritage monument and
one of the only three of its kind in the

arch is 2.5 million years, with legends
linking it to the famous temple of Lord
Venkateswara in Tirumala hills.
98 ANDHRA PRADESH EVERY THING ’S P O SSI B L E

         
    








    
      







   












            






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




                  
       
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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             
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
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most definitely beget a child.
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            
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museum of cinema, the first of
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  
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ANDHRA PRADESH E V E RY T H ING ’ S P O S S IBL E 99
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
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   
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


 










distinctive flavour from the







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