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    Kristian Ray Aquino
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    Proteins are made up of chains of amino acids and can be classified based on the number of amino acids. There are 20 different amino acids that combine to make proteins in the body, but 9 essential amino acids must be obtained through diet as the body cannot synthesize them. Proteins serve many important functions in the body such as structure, enzymes, transport, movement, regulation, receptors, hormones, antibodies, storage, and toxins. They are found in animal foods which tend to provide complete proteins, while plant foods often lack one or more essential amino acids but still contain some protein.

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    It's proteins it's called car

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    AAD_PROTEINS-1

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    Proteins are made up of chains of amino acids and can be classified based on the number of amino acids. There are 20 different amino acids that combine to make proteins in the body, but 9 essential amino acids must be obtained through diet as the body cannot synthesize them. Proteins serve many important functions in the body such as structure, enzymes, transport, movement, regulation, receptors, hormones, antibodies, storage, and toxins. They are found in animal foods which tend to provide complete proteins, while plant foods often lack one or more essential amino acids but still contain some protein.

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    8 views23 pages

    Aad Proteins-1

    Uploaded by

    Kristian Ray Aquino
    Proteins are made up of chains of amino acids and can be classified based on the number of amino acids. There are 20 different amino acids that combine to make proteins in the body, but 9 essential amino acids must be obtained through diet as the body cannot synthesize them. Proteins serve many important functions in the body such as structure, enzymes, transport, movement, regulation, receptors, hormones, antibodies, storage, and toxins. They are found in animal foods which tend to provide complete proteins, while plant foods often lack one or more essential amino acids but still contain some protein.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 23

    Proteins

    “Proteios”
    ✓ First Place
    ✓ Primary
    ✓ In the lead
    Each protein is made up of…

    Carbon, Hydrogen, and


    Oxygen,
    Nitrogen and sometimes Sulfur
    Made up of chains of amino acids; classified by number of amino
    acids in a chain

    Peptides: fewer than 50 amino acids


    Dipeptides: 2 amino acids
    Tripeptides: 3 amino acids
    Polypeptides: more than 10 amino acids
    Proteins: more than 50 amino acids
    Typically 100 to 10,000 amino acids linked together
    Proteins are made up of

    Proteins are made of long chains


    (polymers) made of monomers.
    All proteins are made of the
    monomer…

    AMINO ACIDS
    AMINO ACIDS

    - Amino acids are the


    building blocks of
    protein.
    • Your body needs 20 different
    kinds of amino acids to function
    correctly.

    • These 20 amino acids combine in


    different ways to make proteins in
    your body.
    ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS

    • Your body makes hundreds of amino acids,


    but it can’t make nine of the amino acids
    you need.

    • You must get them from the food you eat.


    Essential, Nonessential, and
    Conditional
    • Essential – must be consumed in the diet
    • Nonessential – can be synthesized in the body
    • Conditionally essential – cannot be synthesized due to
    illness or lack of necessary precursors
    • Premature infants lack sufficient enzymes needed to create
    arginine
    Protein Types
    ✓Structural Protein ✓ Receptor Proteins
    ✓Enzymatic Proteins ✓Hormones
    ✓Membrane Transport Protein ✓Antibodies
    ✓Motile Proteins ✓Storage Proteins
    ✓Regulatory Proteins ✓Venoms and Toxic
    Structural Protein

    Function:
    -support

    Examples:
    ❑Microtubule and Microfilament
    ❑Collagen
    ❑Cell Wall protein
    Enzymatic Protein

    Function:
    -Increase the rate of biological reactions

    Examples:
    ❑DNA Polymerase-increase rate of DNA duplication
    ❑Lipase and proteases
    ❑Lactase
    Membrane Transport Protein

    Function:
    -Speed up movement of substances across biological
    membranes

    Examples:
    ❑Ion Transporter
    ❑Glucose Transporters
    ❑Aquaporins
    Motile Protein

    Function:
    -produce cellular movements

    Examples:
    ❑Myosin-muscle movements
    ❑Dyneins-sperm tails, flagella, and cilia
    ❑Kinesin-microtubules of the cytoskeleton
    Regulatory Protein

    Function:
    -promote or inhibit the activity of other cellular molecules

    Examples:
    ❑Nuclear Regulatory Proteins
    ❑Protein Kinases
    Receptor Protein

    Function:
    -bind molecules at cell surface or within cell
    -Some trigger internal cellular responses

    Examples:
    ❑Hormone Receptors
    ❑Cellular adhesion
    Hormones

    Function:
    -carry regulatory signals between cells

    Examples:
    ❑Insulin
    ❑Growth Hormones
    Antibodies

    Function:
    -defend against invading molecules and organisms
    Storage Proteins

    Function:
    -hold amino acids and other substance in stored form

    Example:
    -ovalbumin
    -apolipoproteins(cholesterol)
    Venoms and Toxins

    Function:
    -interfere with competing organisms

    Example:
    -Ricin
    -Bungarotoxin-snake venom
    Where are proteins found?

    • Animal-based foods (meat, poultry, fish, eggs, and dairy


    foods) tend to be good sources of complete protein,
    while plant-based foods (fruits, vegetables, grains, nuts,
    and seeds) often lack one or more essential amino acid.
    Proteins
    Aside from the protein found in animal
    sources…protein can also be found in fruits,
    vegetables, grains, and nuts. (it just does not have
    as many amino acids)

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