Std-IX / CHEMISTRY / III-Term (2023-2024)

UNIT-15 / CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS

I. Objectives:
1. A phenomenon in which an element exists in different modification in the same physical state is
called allotrophy.
2. Number of free electron (s) in each carbon of graphite is One.
3. Carbon forms large number of organic compounds due to Catenation
4. Diamond is not a good conductor of electricity because it has no free electron
5. Raagav brings his lunch every day to school in a plastic container which has resin code number 5.
The container is made of Polypropylene
6. Plastics made of Polycarbonate (PC) and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) are made of resin
code 7
7. The plastic items banned by the Government of Tamil Nadu from 1st January 2019 are Plastic
sheets, Plastic tea cups, Plastic water packet.
8. The lead pencil contains Graphite.
9. Antoine Lavoisier named carbon.
10. Buckminster Fullerene contains 60 carbon atoms.
11. Compounds with same molecular formula but different structural formula are known as Isomers,
12. There are seven plastic resin codes.

II. Answer the following:

1. Differentiate between graphite and diamond.
DIAMOND GRAPHITE
Each carbon atom has four covalent bonds. Each carbon atom has three covalent
bonds.
Hard, heavy and transparent Soft, slippery to touch and opaque.
It is tetrahedral. It is planar and hexagonal.
It is non-conductor of heat and electricity. It is a conductor of heat and electricity.
2. Carbon forms covalent bond. Why?
1. Carbon has tetravalency (i.e) 4 electrons in the valence shell.
2. To form ionic compounds, Carbon has to gain (or) lose four electrons which is unfavourable.
3. Therefore, Carbon shares its four valence electrons and forms covalent bond.
3. Why are one-time use and throwaway plastics harmful?
1. Use and throwaway plastics cause short and long-term environmental damage.
2. Throw away plastic items block drains and pollute the water bodies.
3. One-time use plastic causes health problems in humans, plants and animals.
4. Some examples are plastic carry bags, cups, plates, straws, water pouches, cutlery and plastic
sheets used in food wrapping.
4. Mention two reasons for harmful nature of plastics.
1. Plastics contain chemicals that are harmful to our health.
2. Most of the plastics are one-time use (or) throw away in nature and pollutes the environment.
5. What is catenation?
Catenation is binding of an element to itself or with other elements through covalent bonds to form
open chain or closed chain compounds.
i) This property of carbon is the reason for the presence of large number of organic carbon
compounds.
6. Define Allotrophy.
Allotropy is a property by which an element can exist in more than one form that are physically
different and chemically similar.
7. What are the chemical reactions of carbon?
Oxidation: Carbon combines with oxygen to form its oxides such as carbon monoxide (CO) and
carbon dioxide (CO2), with evolution of heat.
2C(s) + O2 (g) → 2CO(g) + heat
Reaction with Steam: Carbon reacts with steam to form carbon monoxide and this mixture is called
water gas. C(s) + H2O(g) → CO(g) + H2(g)
Reaction with Sulphur: With Sulphur, carbon forms its disulphide at high temperature.
C(s) + 2S(g) → CS2(g)
Reaction with Metals: At high temperature, carbon reacts with tungsten to form carbide.
W(s) + C(g)→ WC(s)
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8. Name the three safe resin codes of plastics and describe their features.
Resin code Common items About
Bottles (Shampoo, detergent, etc) Safe plastic. Light, very strong and can
toys, plastic bags and waste bins be recycled.

Food packaging, plastic bags, food Safe plastic. It is very flexible and soft
storage containers and plastic but strong.
coating on the inside of paper
cups.
Bottle caps, straws, food Safe plastic. It is light and hard.
containers, hard pencil cases and
plastic chairs.

9. Why carbon exists mostly in combined state?

Due to the following properties, carbon exists in the combined state
1. Catenation 2. Tetravalency 3. Multiple bonds 4. Isomerism 5. Allotrophy

10. When carbon fuels burn in less aerated room, it is dangerous to stay there. Why?
1. When carbon fuel burn in less aerated rooms the fuel undergoes incomplete combustion and
forms carbon monoxide.
2. Carbon monoxide (CO) enters, through breathing, and affects the functions of haemoglobin.
3. Sometimes, leads to death.

11. Yugaa wants to buy a plastic water bottle. She goes to the shop and sees four different kinds of
plastic bottles with resin codes 1, 3, 5 and 7. Which one should she buy? Why?
Yugaa should buy a plastic water bottle with Resin Code No.5, It is one of the safer plastics.
Bottle with Resin Code 1 is to be used only once. This plastic can release antimony, which is not
good for health
Bottle with Resin Code 3 is most toxic plastic. Bottle with Resin code 7 has the plastic types PC and
ABS which are unsafe and toxic.

14. Write the characteristics of organic compounds.

(i) Organic compounds have high molecular weight.
(ii) They are mostly insoluble in water and soluble in organic solvents such as ether, carbon
tetrachloride, toluene, etc.
(iii) They are highly flammable.
(iv) Organic compounds are less reactive compared to inorganic compounds.
(v) Organic compounds form covalent bonds.
(vi) They have lower melting point and boiling point.
(vii) They exhibit the phenomenon of isomerism.
(viii) They are volatile in nature.
(ix) They can be prepared in the laboratory.

15. How will you classify hydrocarbons?

Hydrocarbons are classified into three classes such as: (i) Alkanes (ii) Alkenes (iii) Alkynes
(i) Alkanes: These are hydrocarbons which contain only single bonds. They are represented
by the general formula CnH2n+2 (where n = 1, 2, 3,….). Eg: Methane (CH4). These are
saturated compounds.
(ii) Alkenes: The hydrocarbons which contain one or more C = C bonds are called alkenes.
These are unsaturated compounds. They are represented by the general formula CnH2n. Eg.
Ethylene (C2H4).
(iii) Alkynes: The hydrocarbons containing carbon to carbon triple bond [C  C] are called
alkynes. They have the general formula CnH2n-2 Eg: Acetylene (C2H2). These are
unsaturated compounds.

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