Chemistry B2 Quiz: Thursday, April 21st, 2022

Rules for Determining Oxidation States: = # of e interacting in bonds (NOT charge)

1. Elements = 0
2. Ions = charge of that ion
3. Fluorine = -1 (when bonded)
4. Oxygen
a. = -2 (when bonded)
b. = -1 (bounded to peroxide)
c. = +2 (bonded to fluorine)
5. Hydrogen
a. = +1 (bounded to non-metal)
b. = -1 (bounded to metal)
6. Neutral compounds = 0
7. Charged compounds = charge

Balancing Redox Reactions:

1. Get oxidation states for everything to see what changes
2. Write the OA (gain electrons) and RA (lose electrons) (so what changes)
3. Balance each half reaction:
a. Oxygen: same # of water on opp side
b. Hydrogen: same # of H+ on opp side (this should include the H20)
c. Electrons: count the # of electrons on each side of equation, and then subtract
from the higher side to get equal charge
4. Add 2 equations together by multiplying by the LCD
5. Cancel things out (e- should always cancel out)

Redox Triation Reactions:Once solution changes colour = solvent has reacted w the solute
1. Write the equation out and any givens below each molecule
a. To identify the volume used:
i. The numbers you use need to be in 5% of each other, so if you subtract the
two and it’s more that 0.05 just ignore when calculating avg
ii. Get the avg= (Trial 1 volume + Trial 2 volume + …)/#of trials used
2. Identify your B (the one you're looking for), label your A too
3. Use the redox balancing method to get the ratio of A and B
4. Use solution stoichiometry:
a. [A] -> mols A
i. Molarity A x Volume A = Mols A
b. Mols A -> Moles B
i. Moles A x (B/A)= moles of B
c. Mols B -> [B]
i. Moles B/Volume B = [B]
Creating a Cell:
1. Identify the SOA/SRA to know which is the anode and cathode aka RED CAT + AN OX
a. SRA: bottom right side of the chart
i. Reducing agent undergoes oxidation = ANODE
1. Lose e = oxidation = RA = anode
b. SOA: top left side of the chart
i. Oxidizing agent undergoes reduction = CATHODE
1. Gain e = reduction = OA = cathode
2. Write the half reactions and write each voltage
a. Check:
i. if e is in the products side (lose e) = anode
ii. If e is in reactants side (gain e) = cathode
3. Calculate using the standard cell potential formula:
a. Ecell = Ecathode - Eanode
b. Once you use the formula:
i. Positive value of Ecell:
1. Spontaneous (SRA wants to give its electrons to SOA)
2. Bc it’s spontaneous = VOLTAIC/GALVANIC CELL
a. What should typically happen bc: anode has a higher Ep
than cathode, so e want to move from anode to cathode
(fall to a lower energy state)
b. These cells produce an electric current through an outside
circuit
ii. Negative value of Ecell:
1. Not spontaneous = ELECTROLYTIC CELL
a. These cells need an outside electrical energy to occur
4. Draw a cell diagram: Shorthand way of writing what is happening in a cell
a. Anode comes first then the cathode
b. Example: copper and zinc cell
i. Zns | Zn aq2+ || Cuaq2+ | Cus
ii. A vertical line is used to separate the solid and the ion if the states on the
same side are different and if the states are the same a comma is used
Faraday’s Law:
𝐼𝑡ℳ
- Mass = 𝐹μ
- I: current (Amps)
- t: time (seconds)
- ℳ: molar mass of material (g/mol)
- F: Faraday’s constant
- n or μ: valency which is the amount or moles of e transferred
- This is the electrons on the anode (reactants side)