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23
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25
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26
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28
II I I I10 i"t II MHpOBOH KHHeMaTorpaepHH 11 rrpo.rr.epJKaJICH
' ' "M cocTaBe BIIJIOTb .rr.o 6e3BpeMemroif cMepTH MocKBIIHa.
li n n o Ka MocKBIIH HaliiiHaJI CBOH cJiaBHbiH II HeJierKIIH
o1il l' jl :l'r OpCKI1H IIYTb, MHe rrpe)l.CT051JIO O)l.OJICTb IIOCJie)l.HIIH
1\ p 11 M Oeli alma mater- .LI.IIIIJIOMHyro pa6ory.
I \ lf a CJIC)l.CTBO OT 11HCTI1TyTa TeXHIIKYM IIOJIYliiiJI OpraH,
IIJIII) (OJDKaBIIIHH IIMeHOBaTbC51 ylieHb!M COBeTOM, II CMeJIO
1111 y CKa3aTb, liTO ITO CBOeMy COCTaBy .31'0 Ob!JI Bb!COK0-
111 ropHTeTHbiH OpraH.
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Jl oll \ 1' •p II306paJKeHII51 IIpii C'heMKe XY.LI.OJKeCTBeHHOrO <lJII.llb-
1·1 ' o x oTHO yTBep.rr.IIJIII. Cero.rr.HH H, BepoHTHO, c<iJopMyJIH-
IHittaJI Obi 3TO Ha3BaHIIe rrecKOJibKO IIHatie, HO ror.rr.a 5I ObiJI
I ll(l' Ma.JIO IICKyiiieH B IIO)l.06Hb!X TOHKOCTHX, a 113 IJJieHOB
I IIIH'Ta , npeKpaCHO IIOHIIMaBIIIHX, 0 lJeM oy.rr.eT 11)l.TII pellb
II MOCtl paOOTe, TOJKe, HaBepHO, HIIKTO 0 ee 3arJiaBIIII OCO-
fll ' lllfO He 3a.LI.yMb!BaJicH. 3To .LI.OJIJKHa ObiJia ObiTb pa6oTa
11 'I II CTO Xy)l.OJKeCTBeHHOH CTOpOHe ll300paJKeHII51, )l.aBae-
~ 10 1'0 pa3JIHliHOro po.rr.a o6'heK1'IIBaMH, HaliiiHaH c pe3Koro
jtll l'Y BK a Bb!COKOKOppiirHpOBaHHOrO aHaCTHrMaTa 11 KOHlJa51
1 " ' •t \H a JibHO p acclii1TaHHbiMII MHrKopiicyroiiJ.IIMII o6'heKTII-
1\ol M 11, II 00 11X TBOplieCKOM 11CIIOJib30BaHHI1. EcTeCTBeHHO,
ttl " t'iiJI Borrpoc o pyKOBO.LI.HTeJie TeMbi. AJieKcarr.rr.p I1BaHOBIIl!
II pH JieJKaeB, qeJioBeK, KOTOpbiH 3Ha.JI o6 o6'beKTIIBax Bee,
"' o o HHX MOJKHO ObiJio 3HaTb, neaaBI1CHMO or Toro, .LI.JIH
1 .11<0ro BI1.LI.a C'heMOK OHII ObiJII1 rrpe.rr.Ha3HatieHbi, rropeKo-
~~~ · tt J~OBaJI MOJIO)l.OrO OIITHKa HI1KOJia51 5IKOBJICBIIIJa 3a6a-
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1 J li ')~CTBIIII paOOTaBrnero Ha focy.rr.apCTBeHHOM OIITIIlieCKOM
t: ll to.rr.e . 5I 3Ha.JI ero eiiJ.e HarniiM CTy.LI.eHTOM. Orr ObiJI .rr.ocra-
11 ,., 11 0 MOJIO.LI. II IIbiTJIIIB, n, Kor.rr.a 5I OO'hHCHIIJI eMy cyTb
)II 'JI (l 11 IIOKa3aJI CHHMKII, OH YBJielleHHO IIp11H51JIC51 3a
11 1'.11 0.
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ll ~ ! ( 'JI B03MOJKHOCTb )l.OCTaBaTb KOe-KaKyro IIHOCTpaHHyro
IIII TC paTypy, KOTOpyro 51 TOr)l.a eiiJ.e He 3Ha.JI. (BJia)l.eJI 00-
'11' 1' IIJIII MeHee 11HOCTpaHHb!MII 513biKaMH, liiiTaJI KOe-r.rr.e
~ll 'li<JW CTpOK.) J1ciiOJib3Y51 MOH <lJoTorpa<lJIIlieCKIIH OIIbiT,
" Tm oKe KIIHeMaTorpa<lJIItrecKIIH MocKBI1Ha, Mbi cyMeJIII
tH' o' -T a KII pa3o6paTbCH B 3THX Borrpocax. EbiJIO, KOHelJHO,
"'" ' tt b Tpy.rr.rro rrepeso.rr.nTb HeKOTOpbre o6cTOHTeJibCTBa <Po-
t n t·p a <lJI1l!eCKII 6eccrropHbie rra yc.JIOBI151 KHHOC'heMKI1. AJieK-
1 ol ll ) ~p I1BaHOBI1li, KOTOpOMY 5I 11HOr)l.a CBOI-0 paOOTY IIOKa-
29
 3b!B3JI, Bb!CK33biBaJI B 3TOM OTHOlUeHI-1!1 Ii8BeCTHb!e COM-
HeHI15I. ):Lo oqeHb MHOfOfO MHe IIpHXO)J.HJIOCb .IJ:OXO)J.HTb
C3MOMy, TaK KaK HH B K3KOH JIHTepaType 5I ITO HeKOTOpb!M
BOIIpOCaM B0 0 6IIJ:e HHqero He H3XO)J.HJI, a B03MO:tKHOCTb
npaKTHqecKoro 3KcnepnMeHTa 6hrJia secbMa orpaHnqeHa, 11
3TO 6b!JIO, IIO:tKaJiy:ii, C3MbiM TflfOCTHb!M.
EoJibiiiYIO no.n:.n:ep:tKKY H HaiiieJI B JIHUe 11. M. DoHoMa-
pesa, KOTOpb!:ii c KHHeMaTorpa¢oM, npas,n:a, ,n:eJia He HMeJI,
HO 6hrJI rrpeKpacHbiM rpOTorpa¢oM H xoporno pas6npaJicH
B CIIeUH3JibHOH OIITHKe . 11MeHHO OH peKOMeH)J.OBaJI BHHMa -
TeJibHee IIp11CMOTpeTbC5I K IIOpTpeTHb!M 06neKT!1BaM f1eTU-
BaJI5I, B oco6eHI-IOCTH B sapHaHTe ):LaJibMe:iiepa, c 11x oqeJ-Ib
IIJiaCTIIqJ-Ib!M prrcyHKOM 11 IIJI3BHbiM nepeXO)J.OM B Hepes-
KOCTb . CoseprneHHO Heo:tKrr)J.aHHO 3a6a6yprm pasbiCKaJI
.IJ:Be CTapbie MaJieHbKHe rpOTOKaMepbi, oqeBH.IJ:HO eiiJ:e me-
CTH)J.eC5ITb!X fO)J.OB IIpOIIIJIOfO CTOJieTI15I, Ha KOTOpb!X CT05IJII1
KaK pas TaKHe 06'beKTI1Bbl C rpoKyCHb!Mll paCCT05IHI15IMH
B 80 MM. BorrpeKrr yTsep:tK)J.eHHHM HeKOTOphrx sapy6e:tKHbrx
aBTOprrTeTOB, qTO TaKHe 06'beKTI1Bbl )J.JI5I KllHOC'heMOK He-
IIp11fO.IJ:Hbl, Mbl IIp11CIIOC0611JII1 11X Ha KllHOC'beMO'tJ:Hbie Ka-
Mepb! 11 IIOJIY'tJ:llJIH oqeHb 11HTepeCHbie pesyJibTaTbl. (Bno-
CJie)J.CTBI111 MocKBHH CHHJI O)J.HHM rrs 3TI1x o6neKTHBOB sHa-
MeHrrTbre Ka)J.pbr 6aJia B «HOBOM BasrrJioHe»).
HecMo-r:_pH HIT Ha qTo, pa6oTa noJiyqrrJiacb, 11 saiiJ:rrTa,
Ha KOTOp011 M011M OIIIIOHeHTOM ObiJI He. 60Jibiiie He MeHbllle,
KaK DprrJie:tKaes, soo6IIJ:e-To rosopH Harna rposa, a Ha ca-
MOM )J.eJie TaK XOpOlUO K HaM OTHOCI1BlUI1HC5I qeJIOBeK, npo-
lUJia ycnernHo. Ham coseT )J.a:tKe co6rrpaJicH MOIO pa6oTy
ny6JII1KOB3Tb. . 1PYJ\IIO Mne HII rrprrxo,n:IIJIOCh, npo6aBJIH5ICh no Mepe sos-
4epes HeCKOJihKO JieT Mbi c MocKBHHhiM pernrrJirr ee ne-
pecl\WTpeTb. B.n:pyr MocKBHH cKasaJI: «4epT BOSbMH!
A Be)J.b Hrrqero He rrprr6asrriiib rr He y6asrrrnh, Ha)J.o 6brJio
neqaTaTh!» I( co.lKaJieHHIO, cy)J.h6a Moe:ii pa6oTbr OKasaJiacb
)J.OBOJibHO neqaJibHOH . 113 apXHBa TeXHHKyMa OHa IIpOCTO
11C'tJ:eSJia, a MOll 9K3eMIIJI5Ip IIOfllO BMeCTe CO BCeM apXHBOM
BO BpeM5I 6JIOK3)J.bi JieHHHrpa)J.a.
5I nmKaJI PYKY npe.n:ce.n:aTeJIIO KBaJirrrprrKaurroHHoli Ko-
Mrrccrrrr, Ka:tKe TcH 11M 6hiJI M. C . UbmKrrH, BbiCJiyrnaJI ero
II03,n:paBJieHI15I ll, Be:tKJIHBO OTKJiaH5IBlUI1Cb, BbllUeJI B COCe)J.-
HIO!O KOMHaTy, f)J.e MeH5I 06CTyiiHJII1 CTy)J.eHTbl MJI3.IJ:lll11X
KypCOB, 33Cb!II3Bllllle MeH5I BOIIpOC3MI1 I1 IIOS)J.paBJieHI15IMI1.
Me.n:Jieuuo cnycKaHcb no CTOJih xoporno MI-Ie sHaKoMofi
IIOJiyocBeiiJ:eHHOH JieCTH11Ue, 5I IIO)J.yMaJI: «C yqeooli B Tex -
30
II II II y MC IIOKOH'tJ:eHO. 1\0IJeqHO, BC5I IIOCJie)J.yiOII~a5I TBopqe-
t 1 dll )KllS Hb 6y,n:eT TO:tKe HenpecTaHHOH yqe6oli, HO IIOKa-
'I Ill lKC )J.3Ji b lUe?»
) lciiCTBHTeJibHO, qTO :IKe ,n:aJiblUe?
Cci{qa c , Kor,n:a MOJio,n:oH: qeJioseK Konq a eT yqe6uoe sa-
''''1\l'IIHe, on rroJiyqaeT uanpasJieHrre n a pa6oTy . EMy He
lldi\O o6n saTh noporn. Hac HHKTO mmy.n:a He pacnpe,n:eJIHJI.
l \11 I MO:tKHO, LJTO B Harne BpeMH .3TO B006IIJ:e He npaKTHK0-
1\dJIOCb. XJionoTaTh sa Hac IIhiTaJIHCb BrrTaJIHH DeTposwi
1\11 111 11 es c Krrli n 5IKoB CTenaHOBH'tJ: Dorros. OnH ,n:eJiaJirr .3TO OT
1\1 '1'1 '0 cep,n:ua, HO B TO BpeM5I OHH y.iKe MaJIO LJTO MO!'JII1.
llo:tKaJiyH, e,n:HHCTBeHHbiM HS nac, KOTOpb!H cpasy no-
II.I JI na c soe Mecto, OhiJI AHceJihM JlhBOBHq Eoropos , KOTO-
ptii 'O see ssaJnl noLJeMy -To /KeHei'I . 5I 6hiJI npe.n:ce)J.aTeJieM
c 'YI\CH'tJ:eCKOH KOMHCCHH no nporrsso,n:cTsenHoli npaKTHKe, 11
lllli')(a, IIpHMepHO B 1926 ro,n:y, B TeXHHKyMe OKasaJIHCb .IJ:B3
111111paBJieHI15I Ha CTa:tKHpOBKY na KHHOXpOHHKy, TO cpasy
''\(' IIO.IJ:yMaJI o /Kene. On scer.n:a HHTepecosaJicH son pocaMn
llll l<yMeHTaJibHOfO KHI-10, 11 MI-le Ka3aJIOCb, qTO .3TO HMeHHO
1,,.,. cJiyqali, KOTOpbiH eMy ne cJie,n:osaJio ynycKaTb. Mbr
! 111./11'0 XO.IJ:HJIH C HHM no ymr uaM, BCWieCKH o6cy:tK)J.a5I BOS-
~IIIJI(J]b!e rrepcneKTHBbl. B KOHUe KOHUOB 5I rr pOBO.IJ:HJI ero
''O J\OMa na BJia,n:rrMrrpcKOM rrpocneKTe , r,n:e Tor.n:a rroMeiiJ:a -
'llll' " Yrr pasJieHHe CessanKrrHo 11 JieHHHrpa,n:cKaH KHHoxpo-
IIII J<a, u )I\eHH cMeJio p:rmyJicH nasCTpeqy csoeli cy,n:b6e. Ha
,/ l t'IIHHrpa,n:CKOH KHHOXpOHHKe OI-l rrpopaOOTaJI BCIO :tKHSHb .
Moei'I sa,n:aqeli 6hrJio cTaTb KrrnoorrepaTopoM xy,n:o:tKecT-
"''lliibiX rpHJibMOB, H H OT .3Toro ne OTcTyrraJI, KaK Obi
~'o"mocTrr pa60TOH B pa3Hb!X KI1HOKOJIJieKTIIB3X HJIH KIIHO-
M:I("repCKHX rrpH KaKHX-HH6y,n:h opraHHSaUHHX, narrpiiMep
11 1\0JIJieKTHBe «CeseporpiiJibM» IIO)J. pyKOBO)J.CTBOM pe:tKIIC-
' t•pa BanHlllTOKa .
TaM MHe snepBbie rrpiirnJIOCh CHIIMaTb :tKeHCKIIe Kpyn -
lll.Jt' rrJia Hbi. Qqenh KpacHBaH aKTprrca HeMoro KHHO MapHH
1\.lll'KCai-I,n:pOBHa ):Lo6posa AOCTaBHJia MHe MHOfO pa,n:OCTH,
,,or;( a H snepBbie ysH,n:eJI ee y ce6H B Ka,n:pe. ):Lpy:tKHM Mhi
' II CH II no cei'I ,n:enh. B TOM Me KOJIJieKTHBe Mbi sa,n:yMaJIH
'llt'Ilap rrfr «Tenh T1eTep6ypra». NlhiCJIH B HeM OhiJIH saJ)'o-
'11' lib! HHTepeCHhie, HO, K CO:tKaJieHHIO, CUeHaprrH TaK II He
rii.I./1 sa KoHqen, ,n:a II caM «Cesepo¢rrJibM» BCKope pacnaJICH.
Dpii UenTpaJibHOM ,n:oMe pa6oTHIIKOB np o cBeiiJ:eHHH
Ill ,J.Il a KIIHOMaCTepcKa5I «3KCIIepHMeHTrpiiJibM» . 1\aK H
31
 B OOJiblllHHCTBe TaKHX MaCTepCKHX, Jl!O,ll.H, KOTOpb!e CHHMa-
JIHCb B Jiyl!llleM CJiyqae B .3ITH30,ll.aX, a qame B MaCCOBKaX,
CMeJIO ITbiTaJIHCb o6yqaTb .ll.pymx KHHOaKTepCKOMy MaCTep-
CTBy. Ox! . . «3KcrrepHMeHTCllHJihM» HMeJI o.rr.Ho 6eccrropHoe
rrpeHMylll.eCTBO- y HHX 6hrJI cso:if C'beMOliHbiH arrrrapaT,
KOTOpb!M MHe y.rr.asaJIOCb KOe-l!TO CHHTb (H ITOMHIO .3TIO,l!.bl
HOl!Horo ropo.rr.a 11 eme Koe-l!TO). 3To rJiaBHbiM o6pasoM
11 y.rr.epxmBaJio MeHH B «3KcrrepHMeHTe», K TOMY ?Ke u
JIIO.ll.H TaM ObiJIH rrpHHTHbie. Ha JieTo 1928 ro.rr.a Mbi .rr.a1Ke
rrJiaHHposaJIH KaKyiO-To KapTHHy 11 pa6oTaJIH yx\e Ha.rr. ee
cu:eHapneM. B o6meM co cTopoHhi see BbirJIH,l!.eJio .ll.OBOJibHO
rrpHJIHl!HO, HO H-TO ITOHHMaJI, liTO B ,l!.eHCTBHTeJibHOCTH He
Ol!eHb Ha,l!.eLIUIO H BepHO, liTO eCJIH «CJiyqan» He ITO,ll.Bep -
HeTCH, TO Ha,ll.O 6y,ll.eT HCKaTb liTO- TO .rr.pyroe . ..
Ho «cJiyqa:if» rro.rr.BepHyJicH 11 .rr.aMe patibllle, qeM H
OMH,l!.aJI.
rnaua 5
«A,lJ.PEC JIEHHHA»
Bee pelllHJIOCb .ll.OBOJibHO Heoxm.rr.aHHO. 27 HIOHH 1928
ro.rr.a rros.rr.Ho BeqepoM, Kor.rr.a H yMe co6HpaJICH crraTb, H
B,ll.pyr YCJibllllaJI TapaxTeHHe rpy30BHKa I1 ycJIOBHb!H CBHCT.
5I CTpHXHyJI C ce6H ,ll.peMOTy I1 Bbll'JIHHyJI B OKHO. CTOHJia
liy,ll.eCHaH IT0.3THlieCKaH 6eJiaH HOl!b, a ITO,ll. OKHOM H YBH,ll.eJI
OTHIO,l!.b He IT0.3THlieCKHH rpy30BHK, 3aBaJieHHb!H BCHKHM ,ll.O-
MalllHHM CKap60M, Ha KOTOpOM Mpal!HO BOCCe,ll.aJI -MOCKBHH,
o.rr.eTbrH B .rr.pai-IbiH, rrporrhrJieHHbiH KOCTIOM. Oli~BH.ll.HO, oH
OKOI-IliaTeJibHO rrepe6HpaJICH B JleHHHrpa,ll..
B CBOHCTBeHHOH eMy B TO BpeMH MaHepe BbrpaMaTbCH,
OH H3peK: «11Meelllb 6biTb saBTpa KHHocpa6pHKe .rr.ecHTb
yTpa CHHMaTb KapTHHY ITeTpOBbiM. 3axo.rr.HJI TPH pasa, r.rr.e
rrporra.rr.aelllb? HeKor.rr.a. IToexaJIH!» fpysoBHK pBaHyJicH H
!1Cl!e3 3a ITOBOpOTOM, a H OCTaJICH CH,l!.eTb Ha ITO,ll.OKOHHHKe
c pasHHYTbiM OT Y.ll.HBJieHHH pTOM.
H11 o KaKoM eRe He MorJio 6hiTb H peliH. ITpe.rr.rroJioMe-
HHH, CaMble HeBepOHTHble I1 cpaHTaCTHl!eCKHe, TaK !1 pOH-
JIHCb B Moen roJioBe, H TPY.ll.HO 6hrJio cpasy BBeCTH HX B orr-
pe.rr.eJieHHoe pycJio. Be.rr.b H .rr.aMe He 3HaJI, KTO TaKoil ITeT-
poB H KaKyiO KapTHHY OH co6HpaeTCH cHHMaTb. O.rr.Ho H
rroHHMaJI, liTO lllaHc, CTOJib HacTOHl!HBO rrpe.rr.JiaraeMbiH Mo-
CKBHHbiM ( ecJIH Obi OH He 6biJI B HeM ysepeH, OH He pa3bi-
cKnBaJI Obi MeHH u:eJibiH .rr.eHb), HHKaK yrrycKaTb HeJib3H .
32
ITocTerreHHO MOH MbiCJIH Hal!aJIH rrpHXO.ll.HTb B rropH.ll.OK,
11 H rroCTapaJicH yTol!HHTb, c KaKHMH pecypcaMn, c KaKHM
« 6ara?KOM» H rrycKa!OCb B ITJiaBaHHe.
Moil 6araM 6biJI npnMepHo TOT :>Ke, l!TO B cBoe BpeMH
y MocKBHHa- Hallla poMaHTHl!ecKaH cpoTorpacpHH, pasBH-
TaH Ha 6ase TeopeTHl!eCKHX sHaHHil, rroJiyqeHHbiX B J1 <P KT.
TOJibKO Terrepb, ITOCJie MOHX pa60T Ha TpeTbeM Kypce H
y.rr.al!HOH ,ll.HllJIOMHOH paoOTbl, ORa CTaJia, eCJIH TaK MOMHO
llb!pa3HTbC51, COJIH,ll.Hee, rrpOCTO rrpH6aBHJIOCb CBe,ll.eHHH H
Koe-KaKoro OIIhiTa. EJiaro.rr.ap51 3TOMY 5I n B TBopqecKOM 11
TeopeTHl!eCKOM OTHOllleHHH 6brJI rro.rr.roTOBJieH JIYl!llle 6oJib-
IUHHCTBa TOf,ll.aiiiHHX JieHHHrpa,ll.CI<HX onepaTOpOB.
J1 B ,ll.aJibHeHIIIeM poMaHTHlieCKaH cpOTOrpacpHH OKa3a-
JiaCb HCXO.ll.HOH II03HU:Heil 60JibllHIHCTBa HaiiiHX orrepaTop-
CKHX ITOHCKOB, B OCOOeHHOCTH B paHHHH rrepHO,ll. HaiiieH
pa6oTbi.
5J IIOHHMaJI, liTO ,ll.JIH TOfO , l!TOObl CTaTb OrrepaTOpOM H
npHTOM He BOOOlll.e, a HMeHHO TaKHM, KaKHM 51, IIO MOeMy
MHeHHIO, .rr.oJIMeH 6brJI cTaTb, Ha.rr.o 6biJIO rrpHcrroco6HTb po -
MaHTHtrecKyiO cpOTOrpacpH!O I1 BCe C HeH CB513aHHOe K B03-
MOMHOCT5IM KHHeMaTorpacpa. K .3TOMY 5I TOLI<e ObiJI roTOB ,
no Tpe6oBaJiocb BpeM51, He olieHb, MOMeT 6biTh, 6oJibllloe, Ho
BCe-TaKH BpeMH, OCOOeHHO eCJIH yl!eCTb, liTO y MeH51 TOr,ll.a
ne 6biJIO rrpaKTHl!eCKHX KHHeMaTorpacpHtiecKHX HaBbiKOB,
He TOJibKO orrepaTopcKHX, HO .rr.aMe accHCTeHTCKHX. Be.rr.h
B JI<PKT Kypc KHHOC'beMKH rrpaKTHlieCKH TaK H He CO-
CTOHJIC51. 06 .3TOM 51 pelllHJI rrpe.rr.yrrpe,ll.HTb HeBe,ll.OMOI'O MHe
ITeTpoBa rrpH rrepsoH: Me BCTpelie.
Ha cJie.rr.yiOlll.ee yTpo poBHO B 10 liacoB 5I 6hiJI Ha KHHO-
cpa6p HKe. MOCKBHH BCTpeTHJI MeH51 BCe B TOM Me pBaHOM
!1 ITbiJibHOM KOCTIOMe (HOl!b!O y Hero ObiJia C'beMKa) H ITO-
BeJI ITO ,l!.JIHHHb!M I1 TeMHblM KOpH,ll.OpaM, KOTOpble TOr,ll.a
IIOKa3aJIHCb 6eCKOHel!HbiMH. HaKOHeU:, OH TOJIKHYJI KaKyiO-
TO ,ll.Bepb, H Mbl OliYTHJIHCb B HeOOJiblliOM, He OlieHb YIOTHOM
rw6HHeTe, oKpaiiieHHOM pososorr MaCJIHHOrr Kpacrwil 11 o6-
c TaBJieHHOM o6biKHOBeHHOil KaHu:eJI5IpcKorr Me6eJibiO. EoJib-
IIIoe OKHO OblJIO OTKpb!TO B orpOMHOe TeMHOe llOMelll.eime,
KaK IIOTOM Bbl5ICHHJI0Cb, rrepsoe aTeJibe, a B rrpOIIIJIOM-
p030BbiH saJI peCTOpaHa «AKBapHyM>> (TOT caMbiH, B KOTO-
pOM 4 Ma51 1896 ro.rr.a rrpoH3BO.ll.HJIC51 rrepBbirr B PoccHH
KHHoceaHc) . MeM.rr.y .ll.BYMH cToJiaMH, rro.rr. TeJiecpoHoM,
n MeCTKOM .rr.epeBHHHOM KpecJie CH,ll.eJI HeOOJiblllO!'O pacTa
6JIOH.ll.HH . ITpH HaiiieM IIOHBJieHHH OH scTaJI 11 c seceJioil
33
 YJibi6Koii C,ll,eJiaJI HeCKOJibKO maroB HaM HaBcTpeliy. «0H>>,-
rrporrsHec MocKBIIH, TKHYB B MeHH rraJihiJ.eM. TioTOM A06a-
BHJI: «CrraceHrre YTOIIaiO!IJ.HX- ,ll,eJio caMrrx yTorraiOIIJ.HX» _
H HarrpaBIIJIC5I K ,ll;BepH. TaM OH OCTaHOBIIJIC5I H eme ,n:otSa-
BHJI: «Tia,n:aiOIIJ.ero TOJIKHII, a yTorraiOmero yTorrrr». «HIIIJ.-
me- c6opHHK acpoprrsMOB»,- yTOliHHJI 6JIOH,ll;HH. MocKBIIH
BApyr OSJIHJICH, ITJIIOHYJI II ymeJI. «Ham ,n:pyr AH,n:peii
B CBOeM perrepTyape, Brrpolie~, Bbi ero, HaBepHo, sHaeTe He
MeHhme MeHH»,- CKasaJI MOII HOBb!H SHaKOMeiJ. «I\aK Bbi
BepoHTHO, yJKe ,n:ora,n:aJIHCb, a - BJia,n:rrMIIp Mrrxaii:JIOBII~
fTeTpOB, a BOT OH,- fTeTpOB YI\a3aJI Ha ITO,ll;THHYTOfO OlieHb
«,ll;JKeHTJihMeHIICTOfO» lieJIOBeKa, CH,ll;eBmero sa O,ll;~IIM HS
CTOJIOB,- Ham accrrcTeHT peJKrrccepa HHKOJiaii BacHJibeBHli
,ZJ,apbHH. 4TO iKe KacaeTCH BOT ero,- OH KIIBHyJI Ha TOJihKO
liTO BO~e,n:mero B KaOIIHeT MYiKliHHy C OlieHb CIIHHMII II
6eCITOKOHHbiMII fJiaSaMH,- TO .3TO Ham a,n:MHHIICTpaTop
AJieKcaH,n:p AJieKcaH,n:poBHli AJieKcaH,n:poBCKIIii. Mbi yJKe
,n:aBHO pa6oTaeM BMeCTe, HO y Hac HeT ITOCTOHHHOfO OITe-
paTopa. fTOlieMy-TO MHe KaJKeTCH, liTO Mbi C BaMII 6y,n:eM
xopomo II .ll:OJiro pa6oTaTb rr ,n:pyiKHTb».
Mbi rrpopa6oTaJIH BMeCTe ,n:ecHTb JieT OlieHb KperrKo rr
.n:pyiKHO. ,ZJ,o caMoii BOHHbi, ,n:o rrepexo.n:a' BJia,n:Hl\mpa Mrr-
xaHJIOBIIlia Ha «MoccpHJibM». ,ZJ,pyJKHJIH Mbl H ITOCJie He-
CMOTpH Ha pe,ll;KHe BCTpeliH. ,Uo CaMOH CMepTH fTeTpO,Ba
3,n:eCb .IKe B KaOHHeTe, Ha MaJieHbKOM JKeCTKOM ,ll;HB~~~
liHKe, COCTOHJICH Ham rrepBb!H pasrOBOp. 5I lieCTHO BbiCKa-
SaJI CBOH OITaceHHH ITO ITOBO,n:y OTCYTCTBHH y MeHH rrpocpec-
CIIOHaJibHblX HaBbiKOB. «fTycTb 31'0 BaC He CMyiiJ.aeT _ CKa-
saJI TieTpOB.- Be,n:b 6oJibmHHCTBO rrs Hac HaliiiH~Jio He
HM~H crreiJ.HaJibHoii rro,n:roTOBKH. Pa60TaiiTe cMeJio rr' I-re
6o~TeCb pHCKOBaTb. fJJIOXHe KYCKII ,n:aJibme KOpSIIHbl He
rrorr,n:yT». B~T sa -?TH CJIOBa «ITJioxrre KYCKH ,n:aJibiiJe KO _
SIIHbl He IIOH.iJ:YT» H 6biJI I1pHSHaTeJieH fTeTpOBy BCIO iKHSHt
0Hrr KaK-To MeHH pasBasaJIH. BbiJIH, KOHeliHO, omii6Krr, H
rroHaliaJiy HeMaJibre. 11Hor,n:a TieTpoBy Ob!BaJio OlieHb
Tpy,n:Ho rrx rroKpb!BaTb. Ho ObiBaJIII rr ycrrexrr, rr rropoii TOJKe
HeMaJibre. 11 KaK OH TOr,ll,a pa,n:oBaJica! EcJirr Obi He TaKoe
ero OTHOmeHHe, 5f 6b! COpBaJlCH B CaMOM HaliaJie.
PasroBop Ham MeJK,n:y TeM rrpo,n:oJIJKaJicH: «Be,n:h y Bac
s,n:ecb ecTb eme o,n:rrH .n:pyr, rr ecJirr Obi Bbi TOJibKO sHaJirr
KaK OH sa Bac BOIOeT. ,Ua BOT, KCT3TH, H OH caM!» B ,ll;Be~
pax KaOHHeTa CTOHJI CJiaBymKa BeJIHeB. CBHTOCJiaB AJieK-
caH,n:poBHli BeJI5reB cTaJI orrepaTopoM Bbrcmeii KaTeropHrr,
34
,_, B 1924 ro,n:y OH ObiJI ylieHHKOM <P. I(. Beprrro-,ZJ,opoBcKoro,
TOJi bKO-TOJibKO HaliiiH3BmiiM CBOIO OIIepaTOpCKYIO Kapbepy.
5I He BCTpeliaJI B cBoeii JKHSHH lieJIOBeKa 6oJiee rrpaMo,n:ym-
uoro, ooJiee ,n:oopoJKeJiaTeJibHOro, 6oJiee roToBoro ITflHHTII
Ha rroMOIIJ.b, lieM OH. EcJIII MocKBIIH rrpr1BeJI Mel-HI Ha cTy-
.ll:HIO, TO BeJIHeB Becb rrepBbllJ: MeCHIJ., BIIJIOTb ,n:o cBoero
OTnes,n:a B 3Kcrre.n:HIJ.IIIO c peJKIIccepoM E. B. 4epBHKOBbiM
no KapTHHe «3oJioToii KJIIOB», CTOHJI pa,n:oM co MHOii, KaK
HHHbKa. KaK MHoro 3TO ,n:JIH MeHH sHaliHJio! Mbr ObiJIII Ha-
CTOHIIJ.HMH ,n:pysbHMll BITJIOTb ,ll;O ero rHOeJIH I-I a JieHIIH-
rp a,n:cKOM cppoHTe B cpeBpaJie 1942 ro,n:a.
Ha KHI-Iocpa6piiKe roBopiiJIII, liTO Kor,n:a BeJIHeB yJibi-
6a eTCH, KpyroM cTaHOBHTCH cBeTJiee H Jierlie. TaK ObiJIO B
ceiiliac. OH CTOHJI rrocpe,n:II KaOHI-IeTa, CTaTHhrii pychrii Kpa-
caBeiJ., H YJibr6aJic51 TaKoii ocJiemneJibHOii, rrpHBeTJIIIBoii
YJi biOKoii, liTO Bee MOll orraceHIIH cpasy JKe IIcrra pHJIHCb.
«I\aK BaM !10!-IpaBHJICH CIJ.ei-Iap!Iii?»- crrpOCHJI OH C MeCTa
B Kapbep. 5I CMyiiJ.eHHO CKasaJI, liTO He TOJibKO He liHTaJI
CIJ.eHapH51, HO ,n:aJKe He SHaJO, KaK OH HaSbiBaeTC51.
«I\aK,- BOCKJillKHYJI fTeTpOB,- SHaliHT, MOCKBIIH BaM
HHliero He paccKasaJI?! Ceiiliac H BocrrOJIHIO 3TOT rrpo6eJI».
Mbl BHOBb yceJIHCb pH,ll;bimKOM, If H CTaJI BHHMaTeJibHO
cJi ymaTb. .,
CIJ.eHaprrii HaSbiBaJicH «A.n:pec JieHIIHa» H HarrHcaJI ero
Boprrc JibBOBHli Bpo,n:HHCKHii. B HeM roBopiiJIOCb o rrrroHe-
pax, KOTOpbre rro.n: BIIeliaTJieHHeM 3KcKypcHII B Myseii-KBap-
™PY B. 11. JieHHHa pemHJIH rrpHBeCTH B rropa,n:oK sarrymeH-
HhiH rpHSHbiH ,ll;BOp. 0 Tpare,n:HII saOHTOH ,n:eBOliKH <PaTHMbl,
iKIIByiiJ.eH B 3TOM JKe ,ll;BOpe B ITO,ll;BaJie y SJIOH, JKeCTOKOH
TeTKH, KOTOpaH ee 6eCIIOIIJ.a,ll;HO 3KCITJiyaTHpyeT ll B KOHIJ.e
KO HIJ.OB BblfOHHeT Ha YJIHIJ.y. 11 0 TOM, KaK ITIIOHepbl ITOMO-
raiOT <PaTMMe B ycTparrBaiOT ee B ,n:eTCKHH ,n:oM. KapTima
0 OOpbOe C ,n:eTCKOH OecrrpHSOpHOCTbiO CHJiaMH CaMHX ,n:eTeH.
TieTpOB paccKasaJI MHe, liTO OH ObiJI accrrcTeHTOM
y B. K. BrrcKOBCKoro Ha KapTHHe «I\pacHbie rrapTrrsaHbi»,
y cp3KCOB r. M. KosMHIJ.eBa H JI. 3. Tpay6epra Ha KapTMHe
«illiii-IeJib» B KapTHI-Ie C. A. TrrMomeHKO «Typ6rri-Ia J\1'2 3».
Kp oMe Toro, OH caMOCTOHTeJibHO CHHJI ,n:Be ,n:eTCKHe Kap-
TIIHhi: «30JIOTOH Me,n:» COBMeCTHO c H. 5I. Bepeci-IeBhiM B
«.UJKoH: H :UpyJKOK» c M. XyxyHamBMJIH. PaccKasaJI, liTO
«3 oJioToli Me,n:» CHIIMaJI OIIepaTop B. A. ,Uai-IameBCKMH,
a «.UJKoH: H ,UpyJKoK» HaliaJI CHHMaTb B. 11. CrrM6IIpiJ.eB,
a celiliaC saKaHliHBaeT BeJIHeB. 4To BOOOIIJ.e OIIepaTOpbi Ha
35
 .nercKnx KaprnHax pa6oraTh He XOTHT. KaprnHy «Ao:pec
JleHHHa», Ha KOTopyiO OH ,neJiaer 60JiblllYIO CTaBKy, OH
MbiCJIHT He TOJibKO KaK KapTHHy ,nJIH _nerell:, HO H KaK Kap-
THHy o ,nerHx ,nJIH aspocJibiX. OH xo'Ier cos,naTb KperiKn:U:
KOJIJieKTHB, no npiiMepy 4J3KCOB, 3pMJiepa, 4epBHKOBa H
.npyrnx, n pacciiHThiBaer r-ra Harne c HHM co.n:py)f{ecrao.
)I, KOHe'IHO, nOIIHTepeCOBaJICH, KTO )f{e 6y,n:er y HaC xy-
.[(O)f{HHKOM. TierpoB oraernJI- BepoHTHO CeMeH Jlbaoanq
/VleHHKHH, C KOTOpbiM OH pa6oraJI Ha «n')f{Oe», HO OH yes -
)f{aer B .:mcne.n:nu:mo c «30JIOThiM KJIIOBOM», H noKa ero sa-
MeHHT HeKIIH Cyaopoa, o rwropoM HH'Iero TOJIKOM HeHs-
aecrHo.
OcraroK .ll:HH 6hiJI sanoJIHeH BCHKHMH ¢opMaJibHOCTHMH,
MHe ycraHOBHJIH HCIIbiTaTeJibHb!H CpOK B .[(Be He,neJIII, sap-
nJiary B cro ,naa.n:u:arb py6Jie:U:, o¢opMHJIH ace, 'ITO noJia-
raercH B TaKHX CJiy'IaHX o4JopMJIHTb.
Be'IepoM H 6biJI y MocKBHHa . AH,n:pe:U: Hesa,noJiro .n:o
::noro nepe6paJicH Ha HOByiO KBaprHpy a aepxHeM 3Ta)f{e
.n:oMa na YJIHU:e )I(yKoBcKoro. I(or.n:a H npHrneJI, y Hero
cn,n:eJIH AHaroJin:U: )J,Mnrpnean'I foJIOBHH n I\oHcranrnH
Benu:, Koropbr:U: .n:o 3Toro 6biJI ero accncreHTOM, a renepb
Ha'IHHaJI caMocroHreJibHO CHHMarh. AnaroJin:U: )J.MHrpne-
BII'I co6HpaJicH exarb B MonroJIHIO, weJI pasroaop o R:ap-
THHe, HasBaHHe KOTOpOH ror,n:a 6b!JIO em;e Ht:5ICHO. BnocJie,n:-
CTBHII OKaSaJIOCb, 'ITO 3TO KapTHHa «fiOTOMOK 4HHfHC-XaHa».
3areM pasroaop saweJI o6 o6'beKTIIBe «feJIIIOCTIIrMaT».
fOJIOBHH OTMeTHJI ero «MHfKHH, pacryrneBaHHb!H pH-
cyHOK».
BpeMH MOero nocrynJieHHH Ha KIIH04Ja6pnKy COBIIaJIO
C KYJibMHHaU:HOHHOH TO'IKOH pasBIITIIH COBeTCKOfO HeMOfO
KHHO. MoJIO.[(bie nocraHOBO'IHbre KOJIJieKTIIBbi Ha'IHHaJIH
y)f{e IIO)f{HHaTb nJIO.[(bl CBOHX HCKaHHH. fpynna <l>3I(C OT-
MeTIIJia nHTHJieTHHH I06HJieH H pa6oraJia na,n KapTHHOH
«HOBhrll: BaBHJIOH». E. B. 4epBHKOB BMeCTe c oneparopoM
C. A . .6eJIHeBhiM H xy.n:o)f{HHKOM C. JI. MeiiHKHHbiM na1.fn-
H8JIII pa6ory ua,n «30JIOThiM KJIIOBOM». <I>. M. 3pMJiep, Ko-
roporo 5I nOMHHJI em;e CTy.[(eHTOM HHCTHTyTa .3KpaHHOfO
HCKyccrBa, a noroM accHcreHTOM y B. K BIIcKoBcKoro Ha
«I\paCHblX napTH3aHaX», Ha'IIIH8JI pa6oTy Ha,n: O,nHOH H3
JIY'IUIIIX CBOIIX KapTIIH- «06JIOMOK IIMnepiiii·» - BMecre
c oneparopoM E. C. MIIxall:JIOBbiM, c KOTOpbiM on ,n:eJiaJI
T8KHe 4JHJibMbl, KaK «I\aTbKa .6yMa):KHbiH paHeT», «flapH)K-
CKHH canmKHIIK», «)J.OM B cyrpo6ax». I( cmKaJieHniO, no
36
11peMH 3KCIIe.[(HU:HH 3TO MHOfOJieTHee II CTOJib nJIO.[(OTBOpHOe
(·o.n:py)f{eCTBO HeO)IOI.[(aHHO pacrraJIOCb, n E. C. MHxaiiJioaa
ll,n:pyr CMe_HHJI oneparop E. M. illHeii.n:ep.
Tipo.n:omKaJIH pa6oTaTb crapb!e, «anpo6HponaHHbre»,
\' l.l.l,e ,n:opeBOJIIOU:HOHHhie MaCTepa, HO y)l(e CrpeMHTeJibHbi M
IIOTOKOM BJIHBaJIOCb HOBOe, MOJIO,noe IIOKOJieHIIe. flpHCTy-
IIaJI K pa60Te Ha,n KapTHHOH «4epHb!H napyc» CTOJib 6JIHS-
KHH HaM no .n:yxy KOJIJieKTHB C . H. IOrKeBII'Ia, B KoropoM
pa 6oTaJI oneparop )I(. K MapTOB ( «6paT MOH MaproB»,
K8 K 5I H83b!B8JI ero BIIOCJie.[(CTBIIH). Ha'IIiHaJIII CBOIO nep-
nyro Ka prnny «UeHa 'IeJIOBeKa» MOJIO.ll:bie pe)f{IICcepbr
M. A. Anep6ax II M. C. )J,oHCKOH, c HIIMII H81.fiiHaJI H one-
paTop H . H . YwaKOB, MOJio,n:oii onepaTop A. H . fiiHU:6ypr,
13 npOiliJIOM TO)Ke cry,n:eHT I18Wero TeXHIIKyMa, Ha'IHHaJI
CBOIO nepnyro KapTIIHY «TpeTbH MOJIO.[(OCTb» C pe)f{IICCepoM
B. r. illMII,n:ro¢oM, B rpynne KOTOporo JieTOM 1924 ro.n:a
n pa6oTaJI npaKTHKauroM y onepaTopa H. B. E¢peMona
(na KapTHHe «H+H+H») .
3TO 6hiJIO BpeMH 6ypHblX IIOHCKOB, BO BpeMH KOTOpb!X
BblKOBbiBaJIOCb nO.[(JIHHHOe MaCTepCTBO H OTMeTaJIOCb BCe
II8HOCHoe H cJiyqaifnoe. Mbr c TieTpOBbiM O'IeHb xopoUio 3TO
IIOHHMaJIH H C HetepneHIIeM )f{.[(aJIH rpeTbero KOMIIaHb-
OHa - Xy.[(O)f{Hf!Ka. .
C Ka)f{_nb!M .n:ueM H ace 6oJibWe y6e)f{,n:aJICH, 'ITO BJia-
AHMIIp Jv1HxaifJIOBH'I, HeCMOTpH Ha TO 'ITO HaXO.[(HJICH B TO
npeMH B HeKOTOpOM sarOHe H pa60TaJI H8 ,n:eTCKHX K8pTH-
118X (KOe-KTO .[(8)f{e IIOfJI5I.[(blB8JI H8 MeHH C .3,n8KHM npe-
ue6pe)f{IITeJibHbiM CO)KaJieHIIeM : «IIpiiiliJIOCb nOHTII CHHM8Tb
ll,eTeH»), HBJIHeTCH reM CaMblM pe)f{HCCepoM, C KOTO·
pbiM CTOHT pa6oTaTb. Hac KaK-ro cpasy c6JIH3HJia o6m-
uocTb BKYCOB, TBOp'IeCKHX BST'JIH.[(OB H B OC06eHHOCTH O.[(H-
IIaKOBOe Bu,n:eHHe.
OH o6Jia,n:aJI cnoco6HocrhiO an.n:erb Ka,n:pbr H u:eJibie
CU:eHhl, a B KOHe'IHOM HTOre H BCIO KapTHHY em;e npH nep-
BOM 'ITeHHH cu:eHapHH. 3Ta oco6eHHOCTb 6hrJia npncyma
r aK)f{e H HHKOJiaiO feoprneBH'IY CyBopoBy, KOTOpbrii
BCKOpe CT8JI HaUIHM xy,n:O)f{HHKOM. fi0.3TOMy BMecre pa6o-
TaTb HaM 6hiJIO HHrepecHo, pasroBop Bcer,na weJI o nnoJIHe
KOHKperHbiX, onpe,n:eJieHHhiX nemax, paccMarpnaaeMhiX
C e,n:HHOH TO'IKH 3peHHH.
Caon npe,n:JIO)KeHHH TierpoB HHKor,na He C'IHTaJI 'IeM-ro
ncnpepeKaeMbiM. MeHH nopa)KaJia ero cnoco6HOCTb ,neJiaTb
lfeOrpai-IH'IeHHOe KOJII:I'IeCTBO BapHaHTOB, IIOpOH .[(a)f{e MOJI-
37
 HIIeHOCHbiX ( eCJIII CTaHOBIIJIOCb 5ICHbiM, 'ITO sa,nyMaHHyiO
CU:eHy B TaKOM BII,l(e IIO'leMy-JIIr6o CH5!Tb HeJibS5I).
B rrepsbre :m:e .nr-m Moe:H orrepaTopcKo:H .n;eHTeJibHOCTII
Ha,no 6biJIO rrpoBeCTII IIOCJie,l(HIOIO CneMKy IIO «.[L:m:OIO».
CneMKa 3Ta rrpoiicxo.n;IIJia y HapBCKHx sopoT rra ,nopo:m:Ke
Ca,l(IIKa rrepe,n IIIKOJIOH, KOTOpa5I TOr,na TOJib,KO 'ITO 6biJia
OTCTpoerra II C'IIITaJiacb rroKasaTeJibHOM. Hy:m:rro 6hrJio
CH5ITb rrpo6er ,l(eBO'IKII. EeJIHeB IIOCTaBIIJI arrrrapaT II CKa-
sa~ Mrre: «A Terrepb CHIIMaiiTe Bbl. 3To y1Ke Baiiie xo-
35IIICTBO».
5I xopoiiio sarrOMHIIJI 3TOT Ka,np. Be,nb rra HeM 51 Brrep-
Bbie rraqaJI KpyniTb PY'-IKY cospeMerrrroro cneMO'IHoro arrrra-
paTa. C Tex rrop, rrpoes:m:a5r MIIMO .:noli IIIKOJibr II rrorJIR,l(bi-
BaH Ha Ty CaMyiO ,ll;OpO:m:Ky, 5I Bcer,na IICIIbiTbiBaiO 'IYBCTBO
He)KHOCTII.
Ha o6paTHOM rryTII 5I rrosrraKOMIIJICH c ,neBO'IKOH KOTO-
PYIO CHIIMaJI. 3To 6brJia .necHTIIJieTHHH BOCIIIITarrrriida .n;eT-
CKoro .noMa <l>aTIIMa fiiJIHSOBa, 6hiBIIIaH. 6ecrrpiisoprraH.
TaM ee pasbiCKaJI H. B. ,UapbHH n BSRJI rra cneMKII «3oJio-
Toro Me.na», rra rJiaBrryro poJib. .UeBO'IKa oKasaJiacb rra
pe.n;KOCTb crroco6rro:H. EKaTepiirra f1aBJIOBHa I(opqarm-ra-
AJieKcaH,npoBcKaH, IIrpaBIIIaR B «A.npece JleHIIHa» sJiyiO
TeTKy, rrasbiBaJia ee «MOH correpHIIU:a». <I>aTIIMa :m:IIJia
Y A A AJieKcarr,npoBcKoro, KOTOpbr:H BIIOCJie,LI;cTBIIII ee y.no-
qepiiJI. 5I CHIIMaJI ee B «A,npece JleHIIHa», «<l>piiu:e Eay3 pe»
II «f1JIOTIIHe». (C fO,l(aMII ee aKTepCKIIe BOSMO)KHOCTII CO-
IIIJIII rra HeT. 0Ha Y'IIIJiacb B KaKoM-To TeXHIIKyMe II rro-
m6Jia Ii ,l(HII 6JIOKa,l(bi JleHIIHrpa,na .)
Ha cTy,nrm Hac :m:.n;aJI u:eJibiH .n;eTCKIIH ca,n. 3To see 6biJIII
pe6HTa, CHIIMaBIIIIIeCH y f1eTposa B rrpe,nbr,nyru;IIx KapTII-
rrax. illyMeJIII OHII y:m:acrro, a Kor,na 51 nasBaJI IIX apxapos-
u:aMII, O,l(IIH II3 HIIX, TOT CaMbiH, liTO IIIyMeJI 6oJibiiie BCeX
B,npyr rrpiiocaHIIJICH II cKasaJI: «Mbr He apxaposu;br! Mb;
COBeTCKIIe ,l(eTII». 3To 6biJI illypiiK 3aBb51JIOB, II XOT5! Te-
rrepb o"rr AJieKcaH,np AJieKcaH,npoBIIII 3aBbHJIOB, orrepaTop
BbiCIIIeii KaTeropiiii II o6ru;ecTBeHHbiH ,l(eHTeJib, 5I Bee paBHO
sosy ero apxaposu:eM. BTopbiM «apxapoBu;eM» 6biJI Eop 51
JlbiTKHH, ceii:qac HSBeCTHbiH 3BYKOOIIepaTop.
I(apTIIHa «A,npec JleHIIHa» Ha'IIIHaJiacb HO'IHOH CU:eHOH
B KOJIOHrra,ne HcaaKIIeBcKoro co6opa. MaJieHbKaR .n;eBO'IKa
<I>anrMa MeTaJiacb Me:m:.ny orpoMHbiMII KOJIOHHaMII H yMo-
JIHJia: «I\yiiHTe CIIH'IKII, KYIIIITe CITHIIKII». Mb! XOTeJIII Ha-
IIaTb 3TY CI~erry c o6ru:ero rrJiaHa H0 1IHoro HcaaKHH. 5I npe,n-
38
CTa BHJI ce6e TH:m:eJib!e Tyiiii C peSKIIMII rrpocBeTaMH, IIepHblll
CIIJIY3T co6opa,- HeiiJIOXaH KOM6IIHaU:II51 CBeTOBblX l15ITeH.
Ha.no 6hrJio TOJibKO BbUK.n;aTb rro.nxo.n;Hru:ee He6o.
Csoero cneMOIIHOro arrrrapaTa y MeHH eru:e He 6biJIO, II
H peiiiiiJI BSHTb Ha Beqep He60JibiiiYIO pyqHyiO KaMepy.
H s arrrrapaTOB TaKoro TIIrra rra CKJia,ne · oKasaJiocb JIHIIIb
HeCKOJibKO saiib!JieHHbiX «3pMaHeTT». Y CTaHOBJieHHble Ha
HHX 06neKTIIBbi MeHH yCTpaHBaJIH, II H peiiiiiJI BSHTb O.l(Hy
IIS 3TIIX «3pMaHeTT».
Bbr,naBaBIIIIIH MHe ee 'leJioBeK Mpa'-IHO cKasaJr: «3a -
eCT!» «To eCTb KaK saeCT?»- y,n;IIBIIJICH H. «A MO:m:eT 6biTb
cp asy, a Mo:m:eT 6biTb II rroro,n;H . Bee OHII sae,naiOT. 3a'leM
TOJibKO IIOKyiiaJIII TaKoe!» 0H OTBepHyJICH II CIIJIIOHyJI.
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39
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40
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41
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42
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43
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npoxo,noB <PaTIIMhi. EpMOJIOBCKml: nJIHJK, nycTbiHHoe Mope,
Ha ,nyiUe y HaC 6b!JIO TOJKe He CJIIIIUKOM CBeTJIO.
coJIHU.e, yiUe,niUee sa HaBIICIUIIe Ha,n ropiiSOHTOM TY'-III, ero
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oTIIpaBIIJIIICh Ha ,na'-ly JK,naTh DeTpoBa. HaKoHeu. HIIKOJiaii
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a Ha sa,nHeM nJiaHe ,naJieKoe Mope n onpoKIIHyTaH JIO.LLKa.
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Bo Bcex Ka,npax o,nnHoKaH noKIIHyTaH ,neBO'-!Ka, yxoJJ.H!llaH
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- CTapiiK,- cKasaJI oH,- nepeHOCIIM Bee B naBIIJibOH.
3TH Ka,npbl eme pas y6e,LLIIJIII MeHH B npaBIIJibHOCTII Ha-
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- Ypa!- BOCKJIIIKHYJI H II npiiHHJICH ero TOpMOIUIITh,-
TpaJKyp II .LLII<P<PYSIIOHHb!H ,LLIICK ,naJIH BOSMOJKHOCTb COS,LLaTh
TaKoe HaCTpoeHIIe. saBTpa ,LLOMOH!
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Mo5I MaTh, KoTopaH, '-IT06hi ,naTh MHe BOSMOJKHOCTb
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ByMaJKHhiH pai-IeT>> II «DapmKCKIIH canoJKHIIK». Y Hac oHa
n TaK yJK ·Ha.nopBaHHoro s.nopOBbH, Tenepb, Kor.na, Kasa-
HCITOJIH5IJia pOJib ITIIOHepBOJKaTOH. 5I JII06IIJI CHIIMaTb Kpyn-
JIOCb BCe Hal!aJIO HaJiaJKIIBaTbCH, sa6oJieJia THJKKIIM HepB-
Hble TIJiaHbl ee KpaCIIBOfO JIIIU.a C 60JibllliiMII cepb!MII rJia-
Hb!M 'He.nyroM, oT KOTOporo 6oJib!lle He onpaBIIJiach. Ee 6o-
saMII. ,C Hell II C rpynnofl TIIIOHepOB (HaCTOHili.IIX II HaiUIIX
JieSHh HaJIOJKIIJia HeiiSrJia,LLIIMblll ropecTHb!H OTTiel!aTOK Ha
«apTIICTOB») Mhi CHHJIII HecKOJihKO cu.eH B PasJIIIBe II y llla-
sciO MOIO ,naJihHeH!liYIO JKIISHb. He TOJibKO H, HO II MocK-
JiaiUa B. I1. JieHIIHa. Ho Bee 3TO 6hiJia KanJIH B Mope. K oc-
BIIH 6biJIII Ol!eHh MHOfiiM o6HSaHhl ee 60Jib!liOll KYJihType II
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BKycy, He fOBOpH yJKe 0 TOM no,n,nep:tKKe, KOTOpyiO OH3 HaM
6b!JI Ha IICXO,LLe, a ,LLOJK,LLII BCe IUJIH II IUJIH.
Bee Mbi, KOI-Iel!Ho, HepBHII'-IaJIII, a DeTpoB YI H B oco6eH- Bcer,na oKa3biBaJia.
HOCTYI. KapTIIHY MOfJIII saKoHcepBnpoBaTh, II .LLJIH MeHH 3TO,
BcKope nocJie Ha!llero BOSBpameHIIH K HaM B Ka6IIHeT
sepoHT.Hee Bcero, KOH'-IIIJIOCb 6hi yBOJihHeHIIeM c <Pa6piiKII.
3aiUeJI XY.LLOill.aBbiH l!eJIOBeK B 0'-!KaX, TIITIII'-IHOM ,LLJIH TO!'-
BTopoii BapiiaHT 6hiJI JIY'-!IUe, 3Kcne.niiU.IIH nepeHOCYIJiach Ha
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c,nBIIHyTofl Ha6oK. OH o6oHBIIJI, liTO OR II ecTb TOT caMhiii
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KoHeu., DeTpoB noroBapnBaJI o TpeTbeM BapnaHTe- He- ysHaTh.

44
45
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H JII06JIJI IIOBCIIOMHHaTb. 3ameJI 5I K HeMy H Ha 3TOT pas.
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CI:IJibHO eKasaHo, KOHCLIHo,- naBI:IJibOH. M aJieHbKaH eu,eHKa,
46
J<a.tKeTeH B ropoHo. Ha cpoHe s aciTHHHHKa 6oJibruoi\: ITHCbMeu-
llbiii. CTOJI a sa CTOJIOM KaKOC-TO Ha'IaJibCTBO B l:ICIIOJIHCHIIH
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EJCKIISOB. 0HII 6biJIII HaMHOI'O IIHTepecHee, B OC06eHHOCTII
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sacJiy./KeHHOH apTHCTKH peciTy6JIHKI:I, OHa IIpi:IWJia KaKaH-TO
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pe6oii KHHYJIHCb ee nos.u.paBJIHTb. YBI:r.u.en MeHH, oua cnpo:
cnJia: «Tbr tJTO, HOBeHbrurii? B nepepbme 6y.u.eM c ro6on
suaKOMHTbC.SI». I1 .u.eiicTBHTeJihHO, B ITepepbme OHa y'II:IHHJia
MHe no.u.po6Hbrii .u.onpoc. BbiJIO B Heii 'ITO-To HaCTOJibKO
cBerJioe, ITPHBJieKaTeJibHoe, paciToJiararomee K noJIHOMY
47
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3I:IJI, lJTO I10TI3JI B KOMI13HI:IIO e,ZJ.lUIOMbllliJieHHHKOB, T3K K3K,
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CTeHe. «Hati3JIO CTIIJI5l» - H33biB3eM Mbl ero .

48

B . B . fop.o:aHOB Ha cbeMKax qmJibMa «Bape}KKH».
Mapr 1942 ro.o:a
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XOpO!llHH, HO BCe-TaKH IIpOTaCKHBaTb B ,II.eTCKYIO Kapnmy
KOM6HHai.I,HIO H3 AHHeHcKoro, Ce3apa <t>paHKa, ,[(o6yJKn·H -
CKoro, .rr.a er.ue HaBepHHKa H H3 Po6epra BHHe .. .» «5I He
BH,TI.eJI KapTHH BHHe»,- CMHpeHHO nepe6HJI H. «TO eCTb KaK
raK He BH,II.eJin?- .rr.aJKe onemHJI A.rr.pHaH 11BaHOBHlJ.-
P asBe B BameM 3HaMeHHTOM rexHnKyMe He 6brJio npocMor-
p oB?» «He 6biJIO,- IIO,Il.TBep,II.HJI H,- a lJT06bl IIOKyrraTb 6H-
JieTbl, y Hac He 6brJio .rr.eHer» .
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CK a3aJI 0JIOTpOBCKHH, BbiXO,UH H3 Ka6HHeTa. 5J B3fJIHHYJI Ha
n erpoBa. 0H THXO CMeHJICH. «oy,II.el\1 CHHMaTb TaK, KaK C0-
1ITeM npaBJIJibHblM»,- CKa3aJI OH.
CyBopoBCKHH 3CKH3 Bbi3biBaJI K ce6e pasHoe OTHOilleHne.
Ha mnM .rr.py3bHM, yJKe BepHyBmHMCH H3 sKcne,II.HI.J,HH-
LJepBHKOBy, oeJISieBy, MeiiHKHHy, er.ue KOe -KoMy, OH OlJeHb
rrp aBHJicSI: «.[(eKopai.T,HH npHMO ,II.JIH Bac»,- pa.rr.oBaJicH Be-
JIHe B . Ho 6biBaJio n raK: «3HaiO H 3THX xy.rr.oJKHHKOB,- aB-
ro pnrerHo BbiCKa3biBaJicH O,II.HH, cJiylJaHHo 3ame.rr.mn:i'I B Ka-
6n Her «MaCTHTbiH»,- Ha 6yMare pBaHyT TaK, t.ITO rJia3a Ha
JI0 6 ·Jie3yT. Tyr OHH H CMeJibie, H «JieBble», JI er.ue BCHKHe,
a BbiCTpoHT- 6pocai1: anna par n 6em H3 naBHJibOHa . ):(a H
'II HTb raK Bbi Bee paBHO He cyMeere!» BbiCKa3aB CTOJib
l~e HHbie coo6paJKeHHH, «MaCTHTbiH» ymeJI.
MoJKHo ce6e npe.rr.craBHTb, c KaKHM HerepneHHeM JK,II.aJI
51 s roro naBHJibOHa . Ero ,II.OJIJKHbi 6hrJIH nocrpoHTb B lJeT-
4 3a Ka3 .N"• 2020 49
 sepTOM aTeJibe (6hiBllleM 6eJIOM saJie peCTopaHa «AKsa-
prryM», r,ZI.e KOr,ZI.a-TO yCTpaHB3Jlll llCKYCCTBeHHh!II K3TOK).
Tor.11.a oHo cqHTaJIOCh qyTh JIII He caMbiM 60JihlllllM KHHO-
aTeJihe B CTpaHe .
CJiosa «MaCTHToro» see :lli:e sapoHIIJIH MHe B .rr.yrny sepno
Tpesorrr. «A qyo,- .LI.yMaJI 5!,- ecJIH Cysopos B03.LI.BHrHeT
no-HH6y.LI.h HY.LI.Hoe? ITpas.rr.a, He noxo:lli:e Ha Hero KaK
6y.LI.TO. L(eKopaJJ.Hll y nero cTaHOBHTCH see Jiyqrne 11 Jiyqrne».
Ho see :lli:e 5I tracTo XO.LI.HJI s aTeJibe rr rrorJIH.LI.biBaJI Ha cTpoH-
lli.YIOCH .LI.eKopaumo . K MoeH: seJIHKoH: pa.LI.OCTH, oHa see
6oJihrne naqiiHaJia rroxo.LI.HTh na 3CKH3 .
Kor.LI.a .LI.eKopaJJ.HH 6hiJia rroqTH roTosa, 5I sa6paJIC5! Ha
«HescKHH», Ha TY caMyro ToqKy, c KOTopofr .LI.OJI:lli:eH 6hiJI
CHHMaTh, l1 IlOilblT3JIC5! Mb!CJieHHO rrpHKHHYTb CBeT. L(eKOpa-
UII5! 6brJia rryCToH: II TeMHOH. ToJihKO O.LI.IIHOKHH MaJIHp sa-
KaHqiiBaJI oKpacKy KaKoro -To yrJia, .rr.a B .LI.pyroM KOHJJ.e
aTeJibe OCBeTHTeJIII HCilblTblB3JIH MeTpOBblH IlpO:lli:eKTOp.
5I TIIxo yceJicH Ha rryCToil HIJJ.IIK ll CTaJI .rr.yMaTb. Ha.rr.o
6hiJio orrpe.LI.eJIHTh csoe BH.LI.eHHe. ITpe.LI.cTaBHTh 3TOT .LI.BOp
TaK, KaK BH.LI.eJia ero MaJieHhKaH, sa6nTa5!, 6essaiJJ.HTHaH,
HaBepHO BCer,ZI.a roJIO.LI.H35I, <l>aTHMa . I1 B.LI.pyr BCe CT3JIO Ha
cson MeeT a. Ho%. ,[Lsop- yrpiOMhiH H rpH3HhiH, c rroKocns-
WHMHCH OOJiynJieHHb!Mll CTeHaMH, OOJIOM3HHblMII CTyrreHb-
K3Mll Ky,ZI.a -TO BHll3,· B TIO.LI.BaJI, CJieBa BHll3Y IlOKpllBllBlllllHCH
<lJoHapb (soT oHa nepsa5!, sa.LI.yMaHHaH eme B CeCTpopeuKe
BO BpeM5! 3KCile.ll.llJJ.llll, IlOilbiTKa BBeCTII llCTOqHllK CBeTa
B Ka.LI.p), .!1.3Jlbllle, Ha BbiiJJ.ep6JieHHOM ac<lJaJihTe, OTpa:lli:eHHe
KaKOrO-TO HeBll,li.llMOrO B Ka.LI.pe OKHa.
Po6Ko npo6HpaeTC5! qepes .LI.Bop <l>aTHMa. Co cTpaxoM
HaqrrHaeT crrycKaTbC5! ITO eKOJib3KllM CTyrreHbKaM, npHOT-
KpbiBaeT .LI.Bepb B KBapTnpy csoeii TeTKll. A BCKope .LI.Bepb
CHOBa IlpllOTKpoeTC5!, B 3JIOBeiJJ.eM CBeTe MeJihKHeT JIIIJJ.O
paccsrrperresrneH: cTapyxH, KOTopa5! KpHKHeT: «Bes .rr.eHer He
cMeil sosspamaThCH»,-H <l>aTHMa, eme 6oJiee :lli:aJIKaH H
OOe3.LI.OJieHH35!, 6y.LI.eT CT05!Tb Ha OCBeiJJ.eHHOM KycoqKe ac-
<lJaJibTa, a IlOTOM IlOHypo IlOOpe.LI.eT B HOqb.
3ToT rraBHJihOH .LI.aJieH HaM HeJierKo. MHoro OH npHHec
c co6oi1 HerrpHHTHOCTeH:, pasoqaposaHHH. Ho Mhi pa6oTaJIII
.li.PY:lli:HO, He :lli:aJie5! Hll Tpy.rr.a, Hll CllJI, HeB3Hpa5! Hll Ha qyo,
nepecHHMaJIH Hey.LI.aqHhie KYCKH, rroKa He .rr.o6nsaJIIICb :lli:e-
JiaeMoro pesyJihTaTa . .[LJIH MeHH 3TOT rraBHJihOH 6biJI cepb-
esHhiM 3K3aMeHoM, H, rro.LI.BeprHyB ce6H :lli:ecToqaiJrneii caMo-
KpiiTHKe, 5I IlOH5!JI, qyo 3K3aMeH 3TOT C.LI.aJI XOpOlllO. L(eifcT-
50
BHTeJibHO eH5!TblH MaTepHaJI OKa3aJie5! eHJibHblM H Bblpa3H-
TeJibHblM.' ITo:lli:aJiyH:, Koe s qeM ITHoTpoBeKHH 6biJI npas-
Mhi MeeTaMH e.LI.eJiamr ero qepeeqyp eHJihHbiM. BnpoqeM,
B MOHTa:lli:e see BeTaJIO Ha esoe MeeTO.
Bo speMH pa6oThi Ha.LI. 3THM nasHJihOHOM rreqesJio HaKo-
HeJJ. qyBeTBO rrpo<lJeeeHOHaJibHOH HeiTOJIHOJJ.eHI-IOeTII, .11.0 3TOrO
noeT05!HHO MeH5! rrpeeJie.LI.OB3Blllee . 5I noqyseTBOBaJI ee65!
«HaeToHIJJ.HM» orrepaTopoM . K TOMY :lli:e 5I yeneJI eMeHHT~
eBOll )KaJIKIIH «3HTepBbiO» Ha OTHOeiiTeJibHO eospeMeHHbU!
arrrrapaT, a sTo .To:lli:e rrprr.LI.aBaJio ysepeHHOeTH. Mbr qysCT·
BOBaJIH, qTO Halll KOJIJieKTIIB OKperr II rOTOB K perneHIIIO 00-
Jiee eJIO:lli:HbiX sa.LI.aq . TaKaH sa.LI.aqa seKope rrpe.LI.eTaJia-
.LI.eKopaJJ.II5! «OOJiblllOH .LI.BOp».
«BOJiblllOH .LI.BOp» 6biJI TBep.LI.biM opernKoM. B HeM 6hiJIO
MHOrO eueH Ha JieTHeH eOJIHeqHOH HaType, a eHIIM3Tb ee
Ha.LI.o 6biJIO B aTeJibe. UleJI HHBaph 1929 ro.rr.a, rr Ha .LI.Bope
eT05!JI JIIOTblH MOp03.
K ebeMKe eoJIHeqHoH: HaTyphr B aTeJihe, .LI.a:lli:e rrpH Ma-
JihiX .LI.eKopaJJ.II5!X, B TO speMH OTHOeHJIIIeh BeebMa eKeilTH-
qeeKII. 4To JKe KaeaeTeH 6oJihlllHX .LI.eKopaurrH: (a Ham
«OOJihrnoH: .rr.sop» 6hrJI rrMeHHO 6oJihrnoH: .LI.eKopauneH:-
B 400 KBa.LI.paTHh!X MeTpOB II 3aHHMaJI Bee rrepsoe, HJIH, KaK
ero Tor.rr.a Ha3hiBaJIII, pososoe aTeJihe), TO ebeMKa 6oJihlllllX
.LI.eKopaunH: rro.LI. eoJIHeqHyro HaTypy soo6me eqrrTaJiaeb .LI.e-
JIOM rH6JihiM. 4yseTBIITeJihHOeTh rrJieHKII 6hiJia Hll3KOH, 11
see npoqee TO:lli:e 6biJIO rro.LI. CTaTh .
HaCTpoeHHe y Cysoposa, KOr.LI.a OH rrpHHee MHe seKH3
.LI.eKopaJJ.Hll, 6hiJIO HBHO eKsepHoe.
«f1JIOXO ,ZI.eJio,- eKa3aJI OH,- HllK3KOH KOMOIIHaJJ.Hll
e TeMHb!M rrepe.LI.HI-!M IlJiaHOM HJIH eiJJ.e e qeM-HIIOY.ll.b B 3TOM
po.LI.e He rroJiyqaeTe~. ITpn.LI.eTeH eTpOHTb rr eHrrMaTh «qeeT-
HO». He sHaro, KaK errpaBHlllhCH co cBeTOM». OH noKasaJI
scKII3 .LI.eKopaurrrr. BoJiblllOH .LI.BOp eTa poro .LI.OMa, Ha KOTO-
poM KorrornaTcH pe65!Ta. Csa.LI.H <Paca.LI. .LI.Boposoro <PJIHreJIH.
I1 see. 3auenoK .LI.JIH paecTaHOBKII eseTa HHKaKHX. TyT Y*
HIIKaKaH poMaHTrrqecKaH <PoTorpa<lJHH c ee cseTOBhiMII rrHT-
HaMH He IlOMO:lli:eT. «f10cJiylllaH,- B3MOJIIIJIC5! 5!,- IlOCTaBh
XOTh qyo-HHOY.ll.h Ha rrepBhiH nJiaH, .11.epeso 1 qTo Jill». HHKO-
Jiaif feoprHeBHq IlOHHMaiOIJJ.e TIOCMOTpeJI Ha MeHH. «.[LepeBO
MO:lli:HO,- cKa3aJI oH, rro.LI.yMaB,- KapTOHHoe, KOHeqHo. A Thi
.LI.yMaH:, Ha CbeMKe y:lli:e 6y.LI.eT HeKor.LI.a».
I1 5! .LI.yMaJI. CHaqaJia see KasaJIO~h MHe 6e3Ha,ZI.e)!(HhiM.
r1oTOM H rrocTapaJicH ysrr.LI.eTh .LI.Bop ueJIIIKOM- He TOJihKO
4* 51
 ry ero qaeTb, KOTopaH 6hiJia Ha 3eKII3e. BepoHTHO, rJiy6o-
KIIH KOJIOJl.eu:. CoJIHU:a npoHIIKaeT He TaK Y* MHoro. Ka-
KIIe-To 6JIIIKII Ha ,ll.epeBe. Jlyq, eKOJib35IIIJ:IIH no cpaea,ll.y
,ll.OMa. Hy II, KOHeqHo, U,eHTp ,ll.Bopa e pe6HTaMII . Bee oe-
raJibHoe TOlli:e eBeTJIO, HO He HaeTOJibKO . EeJIII BbleBeqy Bee
pOBHO, 6y)l.eT eepo II eKyqHo, Ha,ll.O ,ll.aTb KaKIIe-TO y6elli:-
,ll.aiOIIJ.IIe aKU:eHTbi. 5I eTaJI npiiKIIJl.hiBaTb eBeT. B TO BpeMH
KOJIIIqeeTBO eBeTa IIeqiieJIHJIOeb ITO aMITepalli:y ITpii60pOB,
He06XO,ll.IIMb!X ,ll.JIH eneMKII. f1o HOpM aTIIBaM ITOJiyqaJIOCb
MHOrO, OX, KaK MI-IOrO! 5J noeTapaJieH ITO B03MQ}KHOeTII eo-
KpaTIITb KOJIIIqeeTBO eBera, 3aiTOJIHIIJI _3a5IBKY II OTnpaBIIJieH
B oeBeTIITeJihHbiH u:ex . B oeBeTIITeJibHOM u:exe sanpaBIIJIOH
6biJI AJieKeaH,ll.p Teo,ll.opoBIIq Tiyrn, saMeeTIITeJih HaqaJih -
HIIKa. Kor,ll.a-To OH pa6oTaJI B T6IIJIIIeii Ha KapTIIHe «Kpae-
Hhie ,ll.bHBOJIHTa» II C rop,ll.OeTbiO HOeiiJI noqeTHb!H 3HaqoK
'·
KapTIIHhi, Harpalli:JJ.ei-IHoli op,ll.eHoM BoeBoro KpaeHoro 3Ha-
MeHrr. KaK 11 MHoriie Jl.pyme H3 pyKoBo,ll.eTBa eTyJl.IIII, AJieK-
eaH,ll.p Teo,ll.opoBIIq K onepaTopeKIIM saHBKaM OTHOeiiJieH
e He,ll.oBepHeM, 6yJJ.yqii TBep,ll.o y6elli:,ll.eH, qTo HX Beer,ll.a eo-
eTaBJIHIOT e sanpoeOM. I1eKJIIOqeHIIe OH ,ll.eJiaJI TOJ!bKO ,ll.JIH
MoeKBHHa II eme ,ll.JIH HeeKOJihKIIX qeJioBeK.
li BsrJIHHYB Ha MOIO saHBKy, OH BOCKJIIIKHyJI: «3Ka XBa-
TIIJIH! J-Iy KTO BaM ,ll.aeT eTOJibKO eBeTa! f10H,ll.eM B aTeJihe!»
M1r nporuJIH B areJibe, r,ll.e ylli:e eToHJia roToBaH BqepHe
,ll.eKopau:rrH. AJieKeaH,ll.p Teo,ll.opoBIIq qro-To ,ll.OJiro no)l.eqrr-
TbiBaJI, nOTOM eMyiiJ.eHHO nOeMOTpeJI Ha MeHH. «llJeeTb TbieHq
aMnep»,- eKasaJI H eMy. «0TKy,ll.a Bhi 3HaeTe?»- YJl.IIBHJieH
OH. «Y MeHH TIOJiyqHJIOeb eTOJibKO lli:e, HO MHe H3BeeTHO, qTO
B 3TOM aTeJibe y Bae 6oJibrue qeThrpex HeT». OH noBeJI
MeHH K ee6e B Ka6HHeT, yea,ll.HJI B KpeeJIO. f10TOM ,ll.OJirO
MOJiqa KpyTHJI CBOII 60Jibiliiie yehi.
«By,ll.eM rOBOpiiTb OTKpOBeHHO,- B,ll.pyr eKasaJI OH,-'- 5I
,ll.aBHO npHeMaTpHBaiOeb K BaM. C Kalli:,ll.b!M naBHJibOHOM Bbl
pa6oTaeTe Bee Jiyqrue II yBepeHHee. A eero,ll.HH Bbi MeHH ,ll.0-
6n:JIH. f1o-BII,ll.HMOMy, Bbl oqeHb yBepeHbi B ee6e, eeJIH 6e -
peTeeb eHIIMaTb eOJIHeqHbiH ,ll.eHb e TaKHM MaJibiM KOJIIIqeeT-
BOM eBeTa. CMOTpHTe, He IIpOMaXHIITeeb. 3aBTp -a nHTHH-
u:a,- B ,ll.IIpeKU:HH pas6op eBeTOBblX 3a5IBOK. 0HH, KOHeqHo,
rroeTapaiOTeH Barny ypesaTh. U11cppa 6oJibillaH- 3TO Bee,
qTo OHII YBH,ll.HT. TioeTapaiOeb Bae OTeTOHTb».
0H H OTeTOHJI, XOTH 6aTaJIII5I BOKpyr MOeH 3a5IBKH 6hiJia
HeMaJiaH . KaKoe-To HaqaJiheTBo ,ll.alli:e saHBIIJIO, qTo paHo
MHe IIOpyqaTb eneMKY TaKIIX naBIIJibOHOB .
52
.~el--------------------------------------------------------~l~----------~~----------~~~,~~-F~~~~--~~---
B o6meM H Bee lli:e Mor 6h!Tb Jl.OBoJieH, TaK KaK saHBKY
MOIO YTBep,ll.IIJIII, II 5I Tenepb eqiiTaJI, '-ITO HII B KOeM eJiyqae
11e JJ.OJilli:eH npoeiiTb yBeJin:qeHHH KOJiwreeTBa CBeTa. Anna-
paT ,ll.aJIH ,ll.pyrofi,- TOlli:e .He aXTII KaKOH, HO Bee-TaKII 3TO
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MO MeHT CJiaByrnKa BeJIHeB ,ll.aJI MHe eBoif, e ero BbreoKo-
eBeToeiiJibHbiM o6neKTHBOM. MeHH 3TO oqeHb yeTpOHJIO.
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rmTn:q JieoHoB- HIIKIITHH, xoporniili cpoTorpacp, qeJIOBeK
oq eHh eJiaBHbiH n: YJl.IIBHTeJibHO ,ll.eJin:KaTHbiH, TO'-IHbiH II n:e-
IIOJIHHTeJibHbiH. f1oeJie pa60Tbl e ero npe,ll.rneeTBeHHHKOM 5I
ee65I noqyBeTBOBaJI 6yKBaJibHO B palO.
Ceftqae OH, BIIOJIHe saeJiylli:eHHO,- O,ll.HH n:s BeAymn:x
o nepaTopoB «JleHHayqcpn:JibMa» .
f1oeTeTieHHO Mbl e f1eTpOBbiM TaK epa6oTaJIHeb, qTQ !!0-
HHMaJin: ,ll.pyr ,ll.pyra e noJiyeJIOBa.
f1pn: IIOeTpOeHliii Ka,ll.pa, pasBe,ll.eHHH MII3aHeU:eHbi ll T. II.
.
! BJia,ll.IIMIIp MI-IxaliJIOBIIq npelli:JJ.e Beero yqiiTbiBaJI IIso6pa-
sn:TeJihHoe perueHIIe, a qaeTo npoeTo IIexo,ll.n:JI II3 Hero. M11
pa6oTaJIII oqeHb enJioqeHHO- OH, H II CyBopoB,- II TPYJJ.HO
6hiJIO no,ll.qae yeTaHOBIITb, KeM IIMeHHO 6hiJIO BHeeeHO TO
HJIH IIHOe npe,ll.JIOJKeHHe,- eTpororo paenpe,ll.eJieHHH cpyHK-
U:IIH MeJK,ll.y HaMil He 6hiJIO, a 6hiJia noeTOHHHaH TBopqe-
' eKaH APYJK6a . .
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rneii eoBMeeTHOH pa6oTe naBIIJihOHe. Mbr rrpiiKIIHYJIH Ka,ll.p,
f1eTpOB npHIIO,ll.HHJI naHOpaMy HeMHOrO BBepx, 5I ee OITHTb
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'
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B03IIJieH CyBopoB e pa6oqiiMII. «KaK no Ka,ll.py?»- KpHK-
HYJI OH. «HeMHOrO BIIpaBO 11 BBepx!»- eKOMaH,ll.OBaJI H.
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no,ll.eTaBIIJIII no,ll. Hero IIOJiyMeTpOBblH eTaHOK. «BOT Tenepb
xoporno,- eKasaJI TieTpos, eMoTpeBiliHH B a IT ITa paT ( oH
oqeHb JII06HJI eMOTpeTb B armapaT, Mbl e HHM HHOr,ll.a )l.aJKe
pyraJIHeb II3-sa 3Toro).- Terrepb, rroJKaJiyli, rropa rrpHHH-
MaTheH sa eBeT» . OH oTOJl.BIIHYJieH, II H rrpHJihHYJI K Jiyne.
TIHTHa JJ.BYX MeTpOBhiX rrpolli:eKTopoB JierJIH B u:eHTpe
,ll.eKopau:IIII, paerniipiiJIHeb II eJIHJIIIeb B O,ll.HO. KoHTpaJKyp-
53
Hhle CeMMCOTKM 3aQJIHKOBaJI!1 Ha ~epeBe ll KaK-TO IIO-COJI-
Hel.JHOMY npocseTHJIH JIHCTBy. Ew:e OAHH MeTpOBbiH npo-
*eKTop CKOJib3HYJI no <j:>aca.rr.y. CoJIHel.JHbiH g<j:><j:>eKT naqlf-
HaJI BblpHCOBbiBaTbC51.
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llOJJyqaeTCH», - CKa3aJI OH. «f10JiyqaeTC5I, - COfJJaCHJICH
5!,- HO B03HH ew:e Ha,LlOJifO».
DpHIIleJI ·A. T. Dylll, KpHXTH, no.rr.HHJICH Ha BbiiilKY H no-
npocHJI pa3pellleHH5I B3fJIHHYTb B Ka,Llp . «XBaTHJIO!- CKa-
3aJJ OH,- Ballle Cl.JaCTbe»,- H ,LlOBOJibHb!H IIOJ!e3 BHH3 .
5J BKJI!Ol.JHJI ,LlOIIOJIHHTeJibHOe OCBeW:eHHe, 60KOBbie npH60pbl,
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:noro H c HHMH ne pa6oTaJI). DaBHJibOH HBHO noJiyqaJJcfl.
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JierKo cKa3aTb- MaccoBKy! TpHcTa qeJIOBeK pe6HT
B B03paCTe OT ceMH .rr.o .rr.BeHa.rr.u.aTn JJeT. B pa6oTe c HHMH
HHKOJiaH: BacHJJbeBH'I ,UapbHH noKa3aJI ce6H no.rr.JIHHHbiM
BlipTy030M. LJepe3 ,LleCHTb JieT OH MHe I1pH3HaJIC5I, 'ITO ITO
cpaBHeHHIO C ,LleTCKHMH MaCCOBKaMH MaCCOBble CU.eHbl . «f1eT-
pa Depsoro» Ka3aJIHCb eMy .rr.osoJibHO npocTbiMH .
Mbr OTCH5IJIH see .rr.HeBHbie cu.eHbi-H c MaccosKaMH, H
6e3 HHX. C BeqepHHMH 6biJIO, KOHel.JHO, IIpOW:e, If OC06biX
COMHeHHH OHH y MeHfl He Bbl3biBaJifi. ,UocTaBaJIOCb B OCHOB-
HOM pe)KHCCepCKOH H a,LlMHHHCTpaTHBHOH l.JaCTH .
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K Konu.y, npH6e)KaJI B.3BOJIHoBaHHbiH A. A. AJieKcan.rr.poB -
CKHH. «f1pHeXaJI fpHH<j:>eJJb,Ll,- 06'bHBHJI OH,- H XO'IeT BH-
,LleTb MaTepHaJJ .rr.Bopa». Mbr nolllJIH B npocMoTpOBbiH 3aJJ.
HaTaH 5IKOBJJeBH'I II03,LloponaJic51 c HaMH oqeHb cyxo,
KaK BCer.rr.a, KOf,Lla 6biBaJI 'leM-HH6y,Llb He,LlOBOJieH. «f10Ka3bi-
BaHTe»,- cKa3aJI OH oTpbiBHCTO. DpocMoTp Hal.JaJICH.
«5J IIpOCHJI IIOKa3aTb MHe rraBHJibOH, a He HaTypy»,-
B,Llpyr BCIIbiJIHJI fpHH<j:>eJib,Ll. «BOT 3TOT caMbiH rraBHJ!bOH Mbl
u rroKasbmaeM»,- crroKOHHO rroHCHHJI DeTpOB. K.or.rr.a .rr.aJIII
CBeT, HaTaH 5JKOBJieBH'I IIO,II.OllleJI KO MHe, KpenKO llO)KaJI
PYKY u cKa3aJI: «EJiaro.rr.apiO sac sa npeKpacHyiO onepaTop-
cKyiO pa6oTy. HasepHo, Bbi u He no.rr.o3peBaeTe, KaKoii 3K3a-
MeH CefO,LlHH C,Ll3JIH!».
- · Ey.rr.elllb xo.rr.nTb HMeHHHHHKOM,- cKasaJI npHcyT-
.cTBoBaBIIlHH Ha npocMoTpe E. B. 4epB5IKOB.
· f1pOIIlJIO OKOJIO Tpex MeC5IU.eB. 5I CH,LleJI O,II.HH B HallleM
Ka6HHeTe H CMQTpeJI qepe3 OKHO Ha npHMb!K3BlllYIO K .HeMy
54
IH'llCTHTeJibHYIO BbllllKY, T5J)KeJibiH MeTpOBbiH npo)KeKTOp ,
lll'TOpO)KHO nepe,LlBHraBIIllieCH 3a HllM <j:>Hrypbl OCBeTHTeJieH.
51 )I(,LlaJI DeTpoBa, KOToporo Bbi3BaJI K ce6e f1HoTpos -
c"I\IIH. On Bee ne IlleJI, . If H MbiCJieHHO nepe6HpaJI co6biTIIH
llot'Jie.rr.nero spe¥eHII.
Mbr CHHJIH necKOJJbKO MeJIKIIX naBIIJibOHOB, 5I nepe-
hpaJicH n3 ,UeTcKoro CeJia B JieHHHrpa.rr.. EbrJia npo.rr.eJiaHa
lll'MaJiaH pa6oTa B KIIHOJia6opaTopHII c pa36opoM nera-
I'IIUa H neqaTb!O nepBOH KOIIHH. I\HHOJia6opaTOpHH llOMe-
ll~aJia Cb B· rrpeKpaCHOM IIOMeW:eHHH Ha I\aMeHHOM OCTpOBe,
II riO TeM BpeMeHaM ee MO)KHO 6biJIO paCCM a TpHBaTb KaK
o;ury us Jiyqrrmx. Ee C03,LlaTeJieM 6biJI BacHJIHH AH.rr.peeBH'I
ll cTpOB, JIYl.JlllHH pyKOBOAHTeJib u.exa o6pa6oTKH nJieHKH,
1\i!Koro H Boo6w:e 3HaJI. Mnome ero He,LloJII06JIHBaJIH sa
ll[)HMOTY u pesKOCTb, HO H c HHM )KHJI B APY*6e H MHe on
M llOfO llOMOf.
K.apTHHa 6biJia 3aKOHl.JeHa H Haxo.rr.HJiacb B MocKBe
11 cTaAHH c.rr.aqu. Mne u DeTpoBy, KaK «Hal.JHHaiOW:HM», Ha-
XOAHTbCH npH 3TOM He llOJiaraJIOCb. ,UOXO,II.HJIH pa3JIH'IHble
o60,Llp5IIOW:He CJiyXH, HO OKOHl.JaTeJihHOfO 3aKJIIO'IeHHH ew:e
II 6biJIO. f103TOMY 5I C IIOH5ITHblM HeTepneHHeM O)Klf,LlaJI
BJiaAHMHpa MuxaH:Jiosuqa, noJiarafl, 'ITO CTOJih cnelllHbiH
nhi30B necrrpoCTa.
MbiCJIH MOM 6biJIH npepsaHbi caMbiM HeO)KH,LlaHHbiM o6-
iJa30M. MoryqaH KopeHacTaH <j:>Mrypa 3aropo.rr.nJia OKHO, u
II Ka6HHeT C rpau.uei\: HeMOJIO,II.OfO CJIOHa BT!pblrHYJI 6pHra-
)~Hp ocseTnTeJieH: feopmH: BacHJiheBHl.J lllanKHH. CTapbiH
M aTp oc-6aJITHeiJ., BCTpeTHBIIlHH peBOJIIOU.liiO Ha O,II.HOM 113
l(peiicepoB u TaM *e BcTynnBIIlHH B na pTHIO, oH .rr.oJiro. pa-
IOTaJI Ha KHHO<j:>a6pHKe OCBeTHTeJieM, a Ha HallleM «MaJIOM
;~nop e» BnepBbie .rr.e6IOTHposaJI 6pura.rr.HpoM. TaM Mbi c HHM
II riO.Llpy)KHJIHCh.
«B5I'Ie,- CKa3aJI OH (KOr,Lla Mbl 6biJIH O,II.HH , OH. Ha3bl-
naJI MeHH Bflqe, a na JIIOAHX H HMeHoBaJICfl BHw:HcJiaB BH-
II~HCJiaBH'I ) , CJibllllb, Bflqe! JiynaqapcKHfi cKasaJI, 'ITO
llalll «A.rr.pec JieHHHa» O,II.Ha H3 JIY'IlllHX ,LleTCKHX KapTHH.
J(yHa'lapcKoro H 3HaiO, npne3)KaJI K HaM B 1918 ro.rr.y. 3p5I
IIC CKa)KeT!» «0TKy,Lla Te6e H3BeCTHO?»- YAHBHJICH H.
« CJib!XaJI B napTKOMe, TaM Ol.JeHb pa.rr.yiOTCH H BCeX Bac
XDa JIHT. I1 Te65I TO)Ke. fOBOpHT, 'ITO y Te6H llO'IepK If 'ITO
Tbl C,LleJi aJI 3aHBKy, TBOptiecKyiO, Ka)KeTC5I. Tenepb Te6e CHH-
MaTb H cHHMaTb». On saKJIIO'IHJI MeHfl s · o6'bHTH5I, TaK lJTO
y MeHH 3aTpern:aJIH BCe KOCTH.
55
 «11 Mbl nos.z:r.paBJIHeM!»- pas.z:r.aJICH XOp fOJIOCOB, 11 BCH
KOMnaHI15I OCBeTI1TeJie:i'J:, C KOTOpblMII 5I pa6oTaJI B KapT11He,
nonpbrraJia B Ka611HeT. 5paTbH ToMI1JI11Hbi, I(osaJieBCK11e,
<l>HJII1MOHOB, MaJiaxoscKI1H 11 .z:r.pyme- see OHI1 6biJIH 6JIHS-
KHMH TOBap11Ill.aMH no pa60Te, .z:r.pySb5IMH, HeO)l.HOKpaTHO
BbiPY'IaBIIIHM11 MeHH s TPY.ll.Hhre MOMeHTbr. 5I otiei-Ib OIJ.eHHJI
HX OTHOIIIeHI1e KO MI-Ie H ce:iJ:'laC 6biJI rJiy6oKO TpOHYT TOH
pa)l.OCTbiO, C KOTOpO:iJ: 0!-IH MeHH IIOS)l.paBHJIH.
«0os.z:r.paBJI5!eM 11 XOTHM MHOfO C BaMI1 pa6oTaTb»,-
CKa3aJI cTapiiili:i'r ToMHJIHH, McTHcJias HliKOJiaeBH'l.
«A BOT notieMy, KOr)l.a Tbl CHHMaeiiib 11Jlll MOCKBHH, TO
np116opbr y sac c 6oKoB HJIH csa.z:r.11, a y .z:r.pyr11x see 6oJibiiie
cnepe.z:r.11? .. » - HatiaJI MOJio.z:r.o:H ocseTHTeJib Cbrcoes. 5I He
ycneJI OTBeTI1Th, s Ka611HeT soiiieJI OeTpos. «A Hy, no npH-
6opaM!»- p5IBKHYJI lllanKI1H, 11 OCBeTHTeJII1 JIHXO norrpbi-
raJIII Ha Bb!IIIKy. «0os.z:r.paBJI5IIO!»- OH nosepi-IyJICH K 0eT-
posy 11 TaK CTHCHYJI eMy pyKy, 'ITO BJia)l.HMHp Mllxa:i'!JIOBH'l
no.z:r.npbrrHyJI 'lYTb Jill He .z:r.o rroTOJIKa. feopm:H BacHJibeBI!'l
CTaJI OCTOpOIKHO Bbi6HpaTbC5I 'lepe3 OKOIIIKO. «A pa6o-
TaTb-TO BaM Ha)l.O BMecTe»,- B.z:r.pyr CKaSaJI OH, yJKe CTOH
Ha BbiiiiKe.
OeTpos BHHMaTeJibHO nocMoTpeJI Ha MeHH. «CTapHK,-
cKasaJI OH,- feopm:i'r BacHJibeBH'l He nepsbr:i'r, KTO cero)l.HH
rosopHT o6 .3TOM. 5I npHMO OT A.z:r.pHaHa 11saHOBH'la, r.z:r.e
cJibiiiiaJI MHoro xopoiiiero s a.z:r.pec Haiiiero KOJIJieKTI1na, 11
B saiii B qacTHOCTil. OH rosopHT, 'ITO cosepiiieHHO HemKH-
.z:r.aHHo Haiii KOJIJieKT11B CTaJI O)l.HI1M 11S JIY'lllli1X Ha CTY.ll.1111.
4TO BCe Mbl O'leHb Bblp0CJII1 !1 'ITO «A.z:r.pec JleHI1Ha» Ha-
MI-IOrO Bbiiiie MOI1X npe)l.biJl.Ylll.I1X Ka pT11H. B .3TOM, KOHe'lHO,
6oJibiiiaH sacJiyra saiiia 11 I\OJII1 Cysoposa. Bbr o6a MHe
O'leHh noMorJII1. Y sac ce:i'J:qac oqeHb xopoiiiee noJioJKeHI1e
Ha cTyJl.I1H, 11 saM 6y.z:r.yT .z:r.eJiaTb HeMaJio npe.z:r.JioJKeHI1H, HO
He KaLKeTCH JII1 BaM, 'lTO Haiii .z:r.pyr lllanKI1H rrpaB 11 HaM
Ha)l.O .z:r.epLKaTbCH BMeCTe?»
5I yceJICH pH.ll.OM c H11M. «00MHI1Te, KaK soceMh MeCHIJ.eB
TOMy Hasa.z:r. Mbi C BaMI1 Cl1)l.eJII1 Ha .3TOM CaMOM Hey.z:r.o6HOM
Jl.I1BaH'li1Ke? Be.z:r.h Tor.z:r.a 5I 6brJI .z:r.osoJihHo coMHI1TeJibHO:i'r
<j)Hrypo:i'r .z:r.aJKe )l.JIH caMoro ce6H, a renepb 51 cJiyiiiaiO TaKIIe
IIp115ITHhie pe'll1, HO 6es sac 5I HliKOr.z:r.a He CTaJI 6bi TaK11M
OnepaTOpOM, KaK ce:iJ:tiaC. «0JIOXI1e KYCKI1 )l.aJibiiie KOpS11Hhl
He no:iJ:.z:r.yT»,- CKasaJII1 Bhl np11 nepBOH BCTpetie CO MHOH 11
c.z:r.epJKaJII1 csoe cJioso. 11 Bhi, 11 saiiia LKeHa I\.3TesaHHa fe-
opmesHa no.z:r..z:r.epLK11BaJIH MeHH B .3TOT O'leHb T5IJKKI1H )l.Jl51
56
MeHH nep11o.z:r.. 5I HI1Kor.z:r.a .3Toro He sa6y.z:r.y. Haiii KOJIJieKTI1B
CTaJI Jl.JIH MeHH po.z:r.HbiM .z:r.oMOM, 11 rroKa OH cymecTsyeT,
H c HHM He paccTaHycb». BoT KaKyiO r11pa.z:r.y H Bbi)l.aJI, 11
np11TOM oT scero cep.z:r.IJ.a!
BJia)l.HMHp M11xaii:JIOBI1'l 6hrJI otieHh pacTporaH. «5! KaK-
TO cpasy nosep11JI s sac, cTap11K»- cKasaJI OH.
BeqepoM Mbi sceii: rpyrrrroii: 6biJII1 y H11X Ha EKaTepHH-
ro<j)cKOM npocneKTe. I(aK BCer.z:r.a, I\.3TeBaHHa feopmesHa
KOpM11Jia Hac BC5IKHMI1 BKyCHb!MH Belll.aMI1 11 nOI1Jia 'ly.z:r.ec-
Hb!M rpySI1HCKHM BI1HOM . 011JIH sa .z:r.py1K6y, sa XOpOIIIlle
KapTHHbi, sa xopoiiii1e Ka.z:r.pb!. . .
,UoMoii: sosspamaJIHCb Mbl BMecTe c CysoposhiM - oH
Ha yJIHIJ.Y ./KyKoBCKoro, a H K 0HTH yrJiaM . YJKe 'lyBcTso-
saJiacb secHa, .z:r.sopH11KI1 pasrpe6aJIH TaJibiii: cHer.
«BOT Tbl 11 CHHJI CBOIO nepsyiO KapT11Hy, OnepaTOp fop-
.z:r.aHOB,- cKasaJI HI1KOJiaii: feopmes11'! 11, noMoJiqas, .z:r.o6a-
BHJI : - A se.z:r.b xopoiiio see rroJiy'lHJIOcb!»
OeTpOB 6biJI rrpas, rrpe.z:r.JioLKeHI1ii: o cosMecTI-Ioii: pa6oTe
IIOCJie)l.OBaJIO MHOrO, HO MeHH OHH He 11HTepecoBaJII1, TaK
KaK 5I He Mb!CJII1JI ce6e pa60Tbl BHe HaiiierO KOJIJieKTI1Ba, TeM
6oJiee 'ITO Haiiia cJie.z:r.yiOill.aH pa6oTa - «<l>p1111. 5ay.3p»
yLKe HaMe'laJiacb. K: ToMy LKe BJia)l.I1M11p Mnxaii:JIOBI1'l He
JII0611JI, Kor.z:r.a 'lJieHbi ero KOJIJieKTI1Ba pa6oTaJII1, no ero
CJIOBaM, «Ha CTOpOI-Iy». «TOJibKO noqepK 11CIIOpT11Te»,- ro-
BOp11JI OI-l.
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pasrosop saiiieJI o KapTHHe pe1K11ccepa, KOToporo 5I noMH11JI
eme cTy.z:r.eHTOM 11HCTI1TyTa .3KpaHI-Ioro 11CKyccTBa, oqeHb IJ.e-
HI1JI 11 JII0611JI ero TBOptieCTBO, BHI1MaTeJibHO CJie)l.I1JI sa ero
KapT11HaMI1. 3To 6biJI <Pp11.z:r.p11x MapKOBI1'l 3pMJiep, a Kap-
THHa- «06JIOMOK 11MnepH11», )l.JIH KOTOpOH Ha)l.O 6biJIO c.z:r.e-
JiaTb .z:r.osoJihHO l\1!-Ioro coeMOK 11 nepecoeMOK. B ocHOBHOM
.3TO 6biJII1 sHaMeHI1Tbre «pyKH»- pyKn cosn.z:r.aiOmne, TBopH-
m11e. U eJiaH cepnH Ka.z:r.pos s seJIHKoJienHOM MOHTaLKe.
O.z:r.Ha 113 KYJibMHHaiJ.Hii: KapTHI-Ibi. Pa6oTaTb c <I>pn.z:r.p11x0M
MapKOBI1'leM MI-Ie 6biJIO O'lei-Ib HHTepeci-Io. OH npeKpaci-Io
pas6npaJicH s sonpocax nso6pasnTeJibi-Ioro peiiieHHH 11
)'lei-Ib TO'lHO Y'lHTbiBaJI ero rrpn paspa6oTKe Ka.z:r.pos. 0HH
Bcer.z:r.a 6biJIH npeHCIIOJII-Iei-Ibi BI-IyTpeHHeii: )l.HHaM11KH, KOTO-
poii:, KaSaJIOCb 6b!, He XBaTaeT MeCTa B OTBe)l.eHHblX paMKaX.
B TO speMH OH eme He npn6eraJI K npneMaM BHYTPI1Ka.z:r.po-
soro MOHTaJKa, CTGJib xapaKTepHb!M )l.JI5! ero n03)l.HeHIIII1X,
yLKe 3BYKOBb!X KapTIIH.
57
 Pa6oTa 6qwa oLieHh ysJieKaTeJihHoii:, HO Tpe6osaJia co-
seprneHHO HHoro no.n:xo.n:a, LieM B HarneM KOJIJieKTHBe c OeT-
poBhiM, r.n:e B TO BpeMH 60JihiiiYIO pOJib HrpaJIH CTaTHL!Hbie,
saKOHL!eHHb!e Ka.l(pb!. . lfHH. MocKBHH 6biJI npe.n:eJihHO yrpiOM. CH.LI:H B rJiy6oKoM
BnocJie.n:cTBHH Mhi c ct>pH.LI:pHXOM MapKOBHLieM He pas
.l(OfOBapHBaJIHCb 0 COBMeCTHOH pa60Te ll .l(a:tKe npHCTynaJIH
K Heii:, HO no npHL!HHaM, OT HaC He 3aBHCeBIIIHM, TaK HHLiefO
BMeCTe H He C.l(eJiaJIH.
)I\aJib, KOHeLIHO ..•
OocJie OKOHL!aHH5I «A.n:peca JleHHHa» 5I peiiiHJI, 'ITO MHe
Heo6xo.n:HMO nposepHTh speHHe. Eme .n:asHo, B nepBbiX
KJiaccax fHMHa3HH, Ha KaKOM-TO OL!epe.LI:HOM Me.l(OCMOTpe He-
o:ti<H.l(aHHO Bbi5ICHHJIOCb, LITO y MeHH JieBb!H fJia3 npaKTHL!e-
CKH 6es.n:eii:CTsyeT. MeHH HeMe.n:JieHHO noKasaJIH npo<f>eccopy
B. H. )J,oJiraHosy, O.LI:HOMY Hs JIYtiiiiHX pyccKHX OKYJIHCTOB,
KOTOpb!H HaiiieJI, LITO JieBb!H fJia3 y MeHH He.n:opa3BI1T 11 Ha
ero 11cnpaBJieHHe OC06hiX Ha.l(e:tK.l( HeT. Ha BCHKHH CJiyqaii:
OH nponHCaJI MHe OC06hie OL!KH .l(JIH ynpa:tKHeHHH, KOTOpb!e
.n:oJiro BaJIHJIHCh y MeHH B CTOJie. OoHeMHory H o6o seeM
.3TOM sa6hiJI, 1160 OT pO:tK.l(eHH5I He npe.LI:CTaBJIHJI ce6e, LITO
3Hal.!HT BH.l(eTb .LI:BYMH rJia3aMH.
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saMI1 y MeHH He BCe Jia.l(HO 11 peiiiHJI BHOBb nOKa3aTbC5I TOMY
:tKe )J,oJiraHosy. MocKBHH, y KOToporo co speHHeM 6hiJIO
TO:tKe He oLieHb xopowo, oTnpaBHJICH co MHOH.
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TOM noHI-ITepecoBaJicH , LieM Mhi saHHMaeMcH. Mbi pa.n:ocTHO
OTpanopTOBaJIH, LITO Mbl KHHOOnepaTOpbl, nocJie Liero Ha-
CTynHJia .LI:OBOJihHO BbipasHTeJibHaH naysa. HaKoHeu., BJia-
.LI:HMHp HHKOJiaeBHll co csoii:cTBeHHOH eMy rpy6osaToil npH-
MOTOH CKasaJI: «A 0 '!eM Bbl .LI:yMaJIH , KOr.l(a Bbi6HpaJIH .3TY
npo<f>ecci1IO, no H3Hocy speHHH o.n:Hy H3 nepBhiX? Y sac,-
oH nocMOTpeJI Ha MocKBHHa,- .nsa rJiasa, rrpHMO cKa:tKeM,
B ,naJJeKO He npeKpaCHOM COCTOHHHH, Hy a y Te6H,- OH
TKHYJI B MeHH naJibU.eM,- O.l(HH, npaB.l(a, TIOKa 3.QOpOBb!H,
HO · O.l(HH, H B cJiyqae llero ... caM .l(OJI:tKeH nOHHMaTb ... Hy,
BOT liTO, MOJIO.Qble JIIO.l(H!- 11pO.QOJI:tKaJI OH,- BepOHTHO,
B CBOHX 3aH5ITH5IX Bhl .l(OCTH fJIH KOe-KaKHX ycneXOB H OCTaB-
JIHTb HX He C0611paeTeCb, liTO 6hi BaM HH fOBOpHJIH . 0o-
3TOMJI 6y.l(eTe MHe IIOKa3 b!BaTbC5I He pe:tKe '!eM pas B fO.l(,
a npH MaJieii:rneM yxy.n:rneHn:n: speHI15I npn,neTe HeMe,nJieHHO.
58
I lOH5ITHo?! J1 He sa6hiBaHTe, LITO BaM He BCer,na 6 y .n:eT ITO
)(Ba.l(IJ.aTb CeMb JieT».
Ko MHe Mhi rrpHIIIJIH OTHIOJJ:h He B asaHTa:tKHOM HacTpoe-
KpecJie, H Ha6JIIO,naJI Ha <f>oHe 6oJibiiioro, YMhiToro seceH-
IIHM .l(O:tK.QeM OKHa ero HeCKOJibKO HaKJIOHeHHh!H CHJIY.3T CO
'BCTHIII.eilcH TOLIKOH narrHpochi. OH yrropHo MOJILiaJI, LITO
llCCf.l(a 6hiJIO y Hero 11pH3HaKOM 11JIOX0f0 HaCTpOeHHH. 00-
TOM OH Hal.!aJI 3aBapHBaTb qafl,- OH 6hiJI 60JibiiiOH MaCTep
l!a pa3JIHliHbie KOM611HaiJ.HH ITO .3TOH l.!aCTH H .QOIIIeJI AO
Tai<OfO COBeprneHCTBa, 'ITO CTaJI .3TO .l(eJiaTb Ha l.!HCTOM
KOHhHKe. MoJILiaHHe npepBaJI H : «Xoporno Jin:, xy.no JIH, HO
JJ,eBaTbCH HaM OT Bcero .3Toro HeKy.n:a . By.neM x o.nn:Tb K BJia-
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npeMeHHhiMH rrpe.LI:LIYBCTBI1HMH». MocKBHH MpaLIHO ycTa-
llHJICH Ha MeHH . «.lJ.aMOKJIOB MC'I», - rrporOBOpHJI OH. «Hy,
11TO :tKe, )laMOKJIOB, TaK )laMOKJIOB!»- 3aKJIIO'IHJI 5!.
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Tbie, KpHBhie YJIHIJ.hi, Heo:tKH.LI:aHHhie BCIIbilliKH cBeT a, BhiXBa-
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64
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67
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71
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72
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paHbllle, ell..{e CTy.IJ.eHTaMH J1HCTHTyTa 3KpaHHOfO l!CKyCCTBa,
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B 3TOT Be'-Iep Mbl KpeiiKO COlllJIHCb, .IJ.O KOHQa .IJ.HeiJ MHOrlfX IIS
HaC, XOTH IIOpa6oTaTb BMeCTe IIpiilllJIOCb H He TaK y)K
MHoro. lOp a (lOpH:H AJieKcaH.IJ.pOBIIlf) MysbiKaHT, O.IJ.HOKypc-
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cTe~T H BTopo:H pemHccep, Cepre:H BJiacbeBIIlf illKJIHpeB-
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.7IHC, aKTpiica BapBapa CepreeBHa MH(:HIIKOBa, B 6y.IJ.ymeM
meHa CepreH )J.MHTpiieBIIlfa, H H. l(aKIIe Mbi 6biJIII TOr.IJ.a MO-
74
JIO.Il.bie! .. feopmil, B KOMrraHHH ero sBaJIH Erop, rrpHHHJI Hac
OlfeHb XOpOlllO, Mbl cpasy me HalllJIH 06Il..{HH H3b!K .IJ.pyr
c .IJ.pyroM, 6b!JIO BeceJIO. nocJie ymHHa Mbl sa6paJIHCb Ha
orpOMHbiH .Il.IIBaH, 6yKBaJibHO BCTpoeHHblH B CTeHy, II TYT
H srrepBbie ycJibilllaJI, KaK feopmil HHKOJiaeBIIlf rroeT, Y Hero
6b!JI rrpiiHTHblll, MHfKIIH 6apHTOH, II OH 3a.IJ.yllleBHO IIeJI CTa-
pbie pyccKHe II CTy.IJ.eHLJeCKIIe rrecHH. Mbi eMy TIIXO rro.IJ.rre-
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6oJie3Hb ropJia yme TOr.IJ.a .IJ.aBaJla ce6H sHaTb,
HaKoHeQ, KOr.IJ.a see 6biJIO BbiiiiiTO, cne.IJ.eHo II crreTo,
Cepre:H )J.MIITpiieBIILJ o6paTIIJICH KO MHe: «CJiylllail,- cKasaJI
OH,___:. KaK Tbl 3Haelllb, Mbl CHIIMaeM «CIIH!l..{YIO KpacaBIIQy».
Mbi xoTeJIII CHIIMaTb ee Ha «Moc~IIJibMe», HO HaM HymHo
6oJiblllOe aTeJibe .IJ.JIH .IJ.eKopaQIIII TeaTpa, a ceifqac caMoe
IIOKOHJIII, Tbl 3aHHT CBOIIM «¢pHQeM», II Mbl 3HaeM, LITO 3TO
.Il.JIH Te651 60JiblllOe .IJ.eJIO, HO BCe me Tbl .IJ.OJimeH HaM IIO-
MOLJb. Y Hac CHHMaeT illHeii.IJ.ep. Te6e yme pas rrpHlllJIOCb
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ce6H qyscTsyeT, II Te6e Ha.IJ.o ero BbipyiiaTb. Ceifqac OH CHII-
MaTb He MomeT, CHIIMII HaM HeCKOJibKO rraBHJibOHOB II
B OC06eHHOCTH TeaTp, a eme 6bi JIYLJllle, eCJIII 6bi Tbl CHIIMaJI
KapTHHY .IJ.O KOHQa. Y sac ceifqac rrepepbiB MeCHQa Ha .IJ.Ba,
IIOMOrH HaM, Y HaC, HaCKOJ!bKO 5I IIOHIIMaiO, O.IJ.IIHaKOBbie
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5I Bcer.IJ.a roTOB BaM rroMOLJb, Ho H pa6oTaiO B KOJIJieKTHBe
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piiKII II rrpe.IJ.JIOmiiJI Ha speMH rrepepbiBa Ha «<PpiiQe Eay.:Jpe»
CHIIMaTb «CIIH!l..{YIO KpacaBIIQy». Do MOeiJ rrpOCb6e Ty.IJ.a 6biJI
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IIO.IJ.XO.IJ. K pa6o'Te 3.IJ.eCb 6biJI COBepllleHHO IIHOH, IJeM B Ha-
llleM KOJIJieKTIIBe. EcJIII y DeTposa ero saMbiCJibi cpasy me
rrpiiHl!MaJIH ~OpMy KaKHX"TO 3piiTeJibHbiX o6pa30B, TO
75
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3yMeJIH MeTO.ll. lli..X pa60Tbl, H OC06biX pa3HOrJiaCHH y Hac
c HHMH He 6biJIO. I1. rr.Maxmrc 6biJI HHTepeCHb!M xy.LI.OJK-
HHKOM, O'IeHb pa3HOCTOpOHHHM, KpOMe TOrO eme H npeKpac-
Hb!M KapHKaTypHCTOM, liYBCTBOBaJiaCb napiiiKCKaH BbiY'IKa.
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Kax, BII.ll.HO, 'IaCTO B O'IeHb OrpaHH'IeHHb!X ycJIOBIIHX, II yMeJI
Bb!XO.LI.HTb H3 nOJIOJKeHIIH B CJiy'IaHX, KOTOpbie IIHOr.LI.a I<a3a-
JIIICb IIpOCTO 6e3Ha.LI.eJKHb!MII. 3TO HaCTOJ!bKO BOIIIJIO y Hero
B npiiBbi'IKy, 'ITO OH .LI.eJiaJI 3TO II TOr.LI.a, KOr.LI.a OC060H Ha-
.LI.06HOCTH B 3TOM II He 6brJio. MHe, npHBbmiiieMy K JKIIBO-
nrrcHoMy pa3Maxy Cysoposa, npiiXO.LI.IIJIOCb IIHOr.LI.a c HIIM
cnopiiTb.
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C'beMKa C'IIITaJiacb 3KCTpaop.LI.HHapHoi1. MHe Ha.LI.o 6biJIO
yJKe B03BpamaTbcH K ITeTposy, B «OT'IIIH .LI.OM», KaK Bbrpa-
3IIJICH CysopOB, II 5I TIIXO Ha.LI.eHJICH, 'ITO BCH 3Ta B03HH
c TeaTpOM MeHH KaK-HII6y.LI.b MHHyeT, TeM 6oJiee 'ITO II3 Mo-
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noKa He 6y.LI.yT OTCHHTbl 06III.IIe nJiaHbl TeaTpa, HII 0 KaKOM
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MecTo. IToTOM nprriiieJI liiHei1.LI.ep, H Mbi eMy see o6'bHCHIIJIH.
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'I3TeJibHYIO KOppeKTypy IIpOBe.LI.y H. )J,eKopal~IIH B 3TOM OT-
HOIIIeHIIII 6brJia o'IeHb TPY.LI.HaH, H Ha.LI.o 6brJio noMO'lb. CTa-
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76
Ceprei1 ,UMrnpneBH'I HacTOHJI, 'IT06br H CHHJI .LI.Ba ocHOB-
HbiX 06III.IIX nJiaHa - H3 rJiaBHOH JIOJKH Ha CU:eHy II CO CU:e-
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K cLiaCTbiO, see coiiiJIO 6JiaronoJiy'IHO.
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y MeHH B LiaCTHOCTII, 33BH3aJiaCb KpenKaH .LI.py:tK6a eme
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HeJierKo, yLIHTbiBaH xapaKTep AH.LI.peH HHKOJiaeBIIIJ:a . TeM
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noJII06HJI ero Bcepbe3 II Ha BCIO JKII3Hb. MeHH AH.LI.peii
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77
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YMHbiM11 pyKaMI1, KOTOpble Bee yMeJII1 11, Ka3aJIOeb, HI1KOr.ll.a
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MO'!Jb, ,n:a:/Ke TaM, r,n:e 3TO, Ka3aJIOeb 6bi, 11 He BXO.LI:11JIO
B ero 06H3aHHOeTI1, Hy, a Ha TaKI1X KapT11HaX, KaK «HOBb!H
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KOr,n:a H XOTeJI KaK- TO 3TO KOMIIeHCHpOBaTb.
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BOHHbi). MHe rr cerriJac He,n:oc:raeT ero 6Jiaro:~KeJiaTeJibHoro
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UeJihiii BO.LI:OIIa,n: BCH'!eCKHX 06BHHeHHH B 3KCIIpeeCHOHH3Me,
HMIIpeCCHOHH3Me !I T . tl;. H T. II. )J,H,n:5I I(OCTH XOTH H He
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pa3o6paJICH H paCCTaBHJI IIO CBOHM MeCTaM, IIOKaSaB IIpH
3TOM HeMaJiyiO 3PY.LI:HUH!O.
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.neH11Ha». CHaiJaJia OH rrpnxo.a;HJI Ha c'beMKI1 BO Beeopy-
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78
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CJi erKa rrpy:IKHHH!UI1H ¢aHepHbiH IIOJI H 6b!JI y:~Ke rOTOB
BepTeTb pyqKy. B.a;pyr KTO-TO THXO rnerrHyJI MHe: «MHHy-
TO 'IJKy ... » 5I He ycrreJI orJIHHYTbeH, KaK I1BaH EBreHbeBHll
y:~Ke 3aKOJIOTHJI B IIOJI napy rB03.LI:eH, H arrrrapaT BCTaJI KaK
BKOllaHHbiH.
MHoro 6biJio no,n:o6HbiX cJiyiJaeB. M11 JII06HJIH n ueHHJIH
I1B aHa EBreHheBH'IJa H qyBeTBOBaJIH ee6H KaK-TO cnoKOHHee
H yBepeHHee, KOr,n:a BH.LI:eJIH ero y ce6H Ha C'beMKe.
5J YIIOMHHYJI TOJibKO TpOHX JIIOtJ;eH, HO MOr 611 npo,n:JII1Tb
3TOT cnncoK, KaK roBopnTeH, .n:o 6ecKoHelJHOCTH. MHoro
y Hac 6nrJio BepHbiX rr rrpe,n:aHHbiX .n:pyseii B pa6oqrrx uexax
eTaporo «JleH¢HJibMa» . ..
79
 IlocJie «<Pp11ua Eay3pa» Halll KOJIJieKTI1B rrp11CTYITI1JI
K pa6oTe Ha.u. KapT11HOH «IlJIOTHIIa»- no cneHapmo, Hami-
caHHOMY B. M. IleTpOBbiM no TeMe 6p. Typ. 3To 6biJia
KapT!IHa 0 rep0113Me COBeTCKHX .JIIO)J.eH, HHTepeCHO 3a)J.y-
MaHHa5I, I-!0 1 BCJie)J.CTBI1e HeKOTOpb!X CUeHapHb!X He)J.Olle-
TOB, 3aKOHlii1Bllla5IC5I Hey.u.aYell.
B KapT11He 6b!JIO l\1HOro Harypbl, KOTOpyiO Mbl CHI1MaJII1
nepnoHallaJibHO Ha KanKa3e, B pafiOHe T611JI11c11, a Ha CJ1e-
.U.YIOIU11H ro.u. B palioHe K11ena 11 ,UHenpor3ca. lbo6pa311-
TeJibHoe pellleHI1e Ka pT11Hbl OCyiiJ,eCTBJIHJIOCb C nOMOIIJ,b!O
TeX :tKe cpe)J.CTB poMaHT11lleCKOH tPOTOTpaqnm, HO TOJibKO
nepeHeceHHbiX B ycJIOBI1H HaTypbr. K HI1M ITp116aBI1JIOCb
MaKC11MaJibHOe 11CITOJib30BaHHe tPOTOrpa¢IIlleCKI1X KalleCTB
HeraTI1BHOH KHHOITJiei-!KI1, oco6eHHO ee UBeTOliYBCTBI1TeJib-
HOCTI1, C ITp11MeHeHI1eM KOM6mrall,l111 CBeTOtPI1JibTpOB, CITe-
ll,l1aJibHO JIOJIHTblX )J.JIH MeHH B Jia6opaTOp1111 IlaJiaTbi Mep
11 BeCOB B JleHHHrpa.u.e. IloJiylii1JIOCb OlleHb Bbipa311TeJibHO
11 KpaCI1BO, HO KapT11He 3TO ITOMOrJIO MaJIO.
KpoMe )J.HeBHoli HaTypbi, Mbi B T611JIIICI1 CHHJII1 erue
)J.OBOJibHO MHOrO HaTypbi HOliHOH, ITpe11MyiUeCTBeHHO Ha
6epery peKH Kypbr, 3a KI1HOCTY.U.11efr «fpy311H-tPI1JibM» . Holi-
HOH MOJI.U.aBCKI1H ITei13a)K 6biJI MaCTepcKI1 IToCTpoeH CyBo-
poBbiM, HO )J.JIH ero OCBeiiJ,eHIIH ITplllllJIOCb ITOJIHOCTb!O 11C-
ITOJib30BaTb ocneTI1TeJibHbie pecypcbr T6IIJIHecKoi1 CTY.U.1111.
Bc10 3KeiTe.U.11U11IO Mbi .u.py:tKHO pa6oTaJIH BMecTe
e B. T. 5IKOBJieBbiM, KOTOpbrH e'IHTaJicH BTOpbiM oiTepaTo-
poM, HO ITO ITp11e3)J.e B JleHI1Hrpa)J. OH BITepBbie ITOllleJI Ha
CaMOeTOHTeJibHYIO pa6oTy, TaK 1 ITO
ITaBI1JibOHbi ITO «11JIO-
TI1He» 5I CHI1MaJI y:tKe 6es Hero.
B «11JIOTI1He» 6biJIO MHOrO XOpOlllero BO BCeX OTHOIIIe-
HI15IX MaTepiiaJia. B oco6eHHOeTI1 ITpoJior- «IlepeiTpaBa
llepe3 ,UBecTp», OlleHb TH:tKeJiaH cbeMKa (Mopo3 -35° C),
HO Bee 3TO HHKaK He MdfJIO B03MeeTI1Tb eueHapHbie H ITpO-
lll1e, He 3aBHCeBllll1e OT HaC, He)J.OYeTbi- KapT11Ha He ITOJiy-
llaJiaeb 11 c.u.aqa ee 3aTHHyJiaeh .u.o
oceHI1 1931 ro.u.a.
Bee :tKe, KOr)J.a ITpii6JIII3IITeJihHO B KOHUe )J.eKa6pH 1930
ro.u.a MeJihKHyJia Ha.u.e:tK.u.a (ITpan.u.a, BeKope yraelllaH), liTO
KapT11HY MO:tKHO 6y.u.eT BCKOpe 3aKOHlii1Tb II e)J.aTb, 5I CTaJI
rro.u.yMhiBaTb o .u.aJihHei1lllei1 pa6oTe. A. H. MocKBIIH rw.u.aJI
MbiCJib BHOBb ITOeHIIMaTb e 3pMJiepoM, ITp11CTYIT11BllliiM B TO
BpeMH K pa6oTe Ha.u. KapTHI-IOH «IlecHH». Y3HaB, liTO H Mory
6hiTb CB060)J.eH, OH yxBaTI1JIC5I 3a II)J.eiO MOCKBHHa, 11 BeKope
eOeTOHJiaCh Hallla BCTpella .
80
0 KapTmr e « IleeHH», BepHee o eueHap11H « IlecHH» (ITo-
TOMY liTO, KpoM e mnepaTypHoro cueHap11H II llaCT11liHO My-
:> bll<H, e)J.eJiaHO 6biJIO HeMHOrO), eeH.l laC, Bep05ITHO, ITOliTH
IIJILiero Hei13BeCTHO. L(yMaiO, liTO e)J.I1HeTBeHHa5I eoxpaHI1B-
IllaHC5l .u.oKyMeHTaU115!- 3TO saiTI1Ch B Moei1 TPY.U.OBOH
l<HI1:tKKe:
1931, II, 17. 4 ncJIHTCH onepaTopoM no KapTHHe «Tiecnll». PacnopH-
/KCHHe N2 8 OT 17 / II-31 r.
1931, IV, 9. CnoBa Ha3HatJaeTCll onepaTopoM no Kapnme «TIJIOTIHJa» .
PacnopmKenne N2 120a OT 9/IV-31 r.
«IlecHH»- 3TO cueHapHi1 o rpa:tK.u.ancKoi1 BOHHe, o Kpac-
noapMei1cKOM OTpH.U.e, eOCTOHBllleM 113 6biBlllilX 6aTpaKOB,
rrpo 6IIBaBIIIeMCH CKB03h 6eJiorBap.u.ei1eKoe oKpy:tKeHHe. 4e-
pes BCIO KapT11HY )J.OJI:tKHa 6hrJia 3ByllaTh MY3hiKa rrecHH,
naiTncaHHaH KOMIT03HTopaMI1 r.
IlorroBhiM 11 BoJIOIIII1HOBhiM.
3apo:tK.u.aJiac.b 3Ta ITeeHH B oKpy:tKennn 6eJihrx. Jlen OcKapo-
BHll ApHIIITa M HaiTeJI 11 HanrpaJI HaM ee, KaK TOJihKO oHa
6 biJia HaiTI1eaHa, BITellaTJieHI1e OT Hee 6hiJIO OlleHh ei1JihHOe.
B oT, TIO)f<aJi y H , Il Bee, 'ITO 5I 06 3TOH KapTHHe TIOMHIO. 5I
cei1llac He 3Haro .u.a:tKe aBTopoB 3Toro cueHapHH. Bo BCHKOM
c Jiyllae, B HX lJI1CJie 6hiJI <P. M . 3pMJiep 11, Ka:tKeTCH,
Jl. 0. ApHIIITaM. ,UHpeKTopoM KapTHHhi 6hrJI A.u.oJih¢ Hoel1-
¢oBI1ll MIIHKHH, BITOcJie.U.eTBI111 pe:tKIIecep pH.u.a xy.u.o:tKecT-
neHHhiX 11 )J.OKyMeHTaJihHhiX KapT11H . Ilo:tKaJiyif, OH 6biJI 0)1.-
l!IlM 113 HaH60Jiee TBOplleeKH MhieJIHIIJ,I1X )J.HpeKTOpOB K~HO­
Ka pTHH, KOTOpbiX 5I 3riaJI.
Jl. 0. ApHIIITaM, Hesa.u.oJiro .u.o 3Toro KOH 1IlBIIII1H pa6oTy
1
ITO KapTIIHe «O.u.Ha», 6hiJI 3ByKope:tKHecepoM . KpoMe Toro,
6hiJI, KOHeliHO, H IToeTOHHHhrif accHcTeHT 3pMJiepa- B11KTop
H 11KOJiaeBHll IlopTHOB. Bee Mbi 6hiJIH Tor.u.a MOJIO.U.hi I1
5I pOCTHO CTpeM11JII1Cb KO BC5IlleeKI1M 3KeiTepiiMeHTaM, a «Ile-
eHH» 6hiJia O)J.HOH H3 rrepBbiX 3BYKOBhiX KapTHH «JleH-
tPHJibMa». K HaiiieMy o6rueMy co:tKaJreHI1IO, pa60Ta Ha.U. 3TOH
Ka pT11HOH 6biJia HeO:tKH)J.aHHO ITpeKparueHa, He ITOMHIO CeH-
llae, rrolleM y. C <Ppi1.U.P11XOM MapKoBnlleM Mhi TYT :tKe .u.o-
roBopiiJIIICh o CJie.u.yromeH: pa6ore (ITPH ycJioBHH, t:ITO H He
6y.u.y B 3TO Bp e MH 3aHHT y IleTpoBa).
Kor.u.a nee cMepTeJibHO Ha.u.oeBIIIIIe HaM ITepiirreTI111 co
C)J.allell «IlJIOTIIHbi» BCe-TaKI1 ITO)J.OIIIJII1 K KOHUy, HaM HeO-
:tKII)J.aHHO 6hiJI ITpe.u.Jio:tKeH eueHapiiil l0p11H TbiHHHOBa «Ko-
JIOKOJI II o6e3hHHa». HacKOJihKO MHe II3Beci'Ho, ITO·BH.U.HMoMy,
He c oxpaHHJIOCb H11 O)J.HOrO 3K3 eMITJIHpa 3TOrO CUeHapHH.
5 3aKa3 N• 2020 81
H H3 H3BeCTHbiX MHe JIHU: CO,LI,ep)KaHHe ero HHKTO He nOMHHT,
Aa H caM H npHnOMHHaiO ero sechMa cMyTHO.
B ocHoBe cu:eHapHH Jie)KaJI TaK Ha3hiBaeMbiH «IICTOpiJire-
CKIIH aHeK,IJ,OT», BOKpyr KOTOporo pa3BepTbJBaJIHCb C06biTIIH,
npoiiCXOAHBIIIHe B u.apcTBOBaHHe He TO MHxaHJia <Pe,IJ,opo-
BHIJ:a, He TO AJieKceH MHxai':!JIOBHIJ:a. B BeJioM Mope TepnHT
KpyiiieHHe K3KOH-TO KOpa6Jib, H BOJIHbi Bbi6paCb!B3IOT Ha
6eper 601IKY C )KHBOH o6e3bHHOii. 3aMopcKyiO fOCTbiO np11-
Be3JII1 B MocKBY 11 AOJiro pa3AYMhiBaJIII, KaK c Hei1 nocTy-
ni1Th. 06e3bHI-Ia TeM BpeMei-IeM y6eraJia, 3a6IIpaJiach Ha
KOJIOKOJibHIO H, yu.eni1BIIIHCb 3a BepeBKI1, nO,IJ,HHMaJia KOJIO-
KOJibi-IbiH 3BOH, KOTOpbiH pa3HOCI1JICH no OKpeCTHOCTHM Kaw
np113hiB o noMOIII.II. Ee cHoBa JIOB11JII1, Tenepb Y*e np113HaBaH
11CIJ:a,IJ,I1eM a,IJ,OBbiM, 11 C)KHraJIH Ha KOCTpe . Ka)KeTcH, no-
nyTHO C)KHfaJII1 II KaKOfO-TO 1IeJIOBeKa, KOTOpbiH 6hiJI K HeH
np11CTaBJieH.
f10MHIO Ka,IJ,p 113 CU.eHap11H: naTpiiapx, y)Ke COBepiiieHHO
BbiCOXIIIHe MOIII.11 C nepraMeHTHhiM JIHU.OM, HaOJIIO,IJ,aeT 3a
CO**eHI1eM 113-3a 3aHaBecoK B03Ka. Cu.eHap11i'I 6hrJI HanoJI-
HeH CU.eHaMI1 ,lJ,BOpU.OBblX HHTp11r, HO, K CO)KaJieHHIO, nOIJ:TI1
Bee :o>To coBepiiieHHO H3rJiaAHJIOCb H3 naMHTI1 . Cu.eHapHi'I
6hiJI, KaK MHe K3)KeTC.fl, HHTepeCHbiM, HO TOf,IJ,a noKa3aJICH
HeCKOJibKO QJOpMaJibHbiM, JIHIIIeHHbiM IJ:eTKOH CJO)KeTHOH
JII1HHH. f1o CBOeMy xapaKTepy OH 6b!JI CXO,IJ,eH CO CU.eHapH-
HMI1 nO,IJ,06HOfO po,IJ,a BTOpOH nOJIOBI1HbJ ,IJ,Ba,IJ,U.aTbiX fO,IJ,OB
(Ka)KeTCH, TOf,IJ,a OH H 6hiJI 3a,IJ,yMaH H HanHCaH- nepBbiH
HeM oil BapHaHT). HacKOJibKO H nprrnoMHHaiO, TaK paccKa3bi-
BaJI TieTpoB, co CJIOB A. I1. firroTpoBcKoro. BepoHTHO, no
BCeM 3TI1M npHIJ:I1HaM Mbl TaK H He B35IJII1Cb 3a 3TY KapTHHy.
B :o>To BpeMH 3pMJiep BMecTe c lOTKeBI1IJ:eM np11cTyn11JI
K pa6oTe I-13,11, KapT11HOH «BcTpeiJ:HbiH», 11 naMHTYH Haiiiy
,lJ,OfOBOpeHHOCTb, npe,LI,JIO)KI1JI MI-Ie paOOT3Tb C HI1M. «BCTpeq-
HbiH» npiiBJieKaJI MeHH ropa3,IJ,O 60.7Ihllle, IJ:eM «KOJIOKOJI 11
o6e3bHI-Ia», HO nOMI-151, IJ:eM 5I 06H3aH f1eTpOBy, 5I He Cl!eJI
B03MO)KHbiM yiiTH B cJIO)KHhi:i1 AJIH Haiiiero KOJIJieKTIIBa MO-
MeHT. 5IqecTHo cKa3aJI o6 :o>TOM <PpHap11xy MapKOBHIJ:y. OH
MeHH noH.f!JI 11 He HaCTai1BaJI. «BCTpeiJ:HbiH» CHI1MaJIII onepa-
TOpb! A. f11HU.6ypr II )I(. MapToB, 11 CHHJIII oqeHb xopoiiio.
TbiHHHOBCKIIH cu.eHapii:i1 cHoBa B03H11KaJI nepeA HaMII,
Ka)KeTCH, onHTh no HH11li.113TIIBe A. H. I111oTpOBCKoro, HO Y*e
6yKBaJibHO Ha MfHOBeHIIe, nocJie OKOHIJ:aHI1.fl «BerJieU.a».
f1oHBI1Jiacb JJIOcl1 HsaHOBHa TipoKOQJbeBa, 6eccMeHHbr:i1
ceKpeTapb cu.eHapHoro OT,IJ,eJia, 11 OTo6paJia y Hac Bee 3K3eM-
82
IJJJH pbl 3TOf0 CU.eHap115I. BOJibiiie Mbl 0 HeM HIIKOf,IJ,a HHIJ:ero
IIC CJlbiiiiaJJIL
f1p11MepHO B Mae 1930 fO,IJ,a MHe n03BOHI1JIII 113 JleHHH-
rpa,n:CKOfO QJOTOKIIHOTeXHHKyMa II TIOTipOCIIJIH 3aHTH. 5J ,IJ,aBHO
TaM He 6brJJ, cMyTHO rrpeAcTaBJIHJI ce6e ohiTIIe cnoei'I alma
mater II 6hrJI BeChMa YAHBJJeH, Y3HaB o TIOJIHOH cMeHe pyKo -
BOACTBa.
Memr nonpociimr nposecTrr HecKOJibKO 3aHHTrri'I co cTy-
AeHTaMII TpeTbero Kypca, T aK KaK OHII Bblpa311JII1 )KeJiaHI1e
BCTp eTI1TbCH c onepaTopoM-npo¢ecci10HaJioM . KaK BhiHCHH -
JJOCb, To HeHopMaJihHoe noJIO)KeHJre B nperro,IJ,anaHIIII onepa-
TopcKoro MaCTepCTBa, KOTOpoe IIMeJJO MeCTO eru.e B ObiT-
1-IOCTb MOJO CTy,IJ,eHTOM, npOAOJDKaJJOCb ,11,0 CHX nop, 11 5I
OKa3aJICH nepBbiM orrepaTOpOM-Dp0113BO,IJ,CTBeHHIIKOM, np11-
me,IJ,IIIIIM TyAa B KaqecTBe ne,IJ,arora.
,Uo KOHU.a Y 1IeOHOf0 fO,IJ,a OCTaBaJICH BCero JII1lllb MeC.f!U.,
Aa 11 H AOJI)KeH obrJI ToponiiTbCH B :o>KcneA11U.11IO. Tio:o>ToMy
H BbiHY*AeH 6brJJ orpaHI1IJ:HTbCH HeCKOJibKHMI1 BCTpeqaMI1,
130 BpeMH KOTOpb!X nOCTapaJICH 06'bHCHIITb C3Mble OCHOBHb!e
MOMeHTbl onepaTOpCKOfO IICKYCCTBa. 5J 3aTpoHyJI, ecTe-
CTBeHHO, 11 Koe-KaKIIe Haiiiii c MocKBI1HbiM rro3HU:IIII, B TOM
lJ:IICJie H poMaHTHlieCKYIO QJOTOrpaQJHIO, 0 KOTOp OH OHH,
rrpas.ua, Koe-IJ:TO cJJbiiiiaJIII OT HaiiiHX o6ru.Hx ne,IJ,aroroB-
npo¢eccopa B. B. BepiiHrepa II H. M. TioHoMapena. Ha :o>TOM
Kypce, HacKOJibKO H npHnoMHHaiO, yiJ:IIJIIICb MHoriie II3BecT-
Hbie BnocJieACTBHH onepaTopbr, B TOM IJ:IIcJie r. TpoQJIIMOB,
M. MamA, B. CIIH11ll.biH, JJ . CoKOJJbCKI1H II ,11,p. , TOr)J:a eru.e
cosceM IOHhre cTyAeHTIIKH . KaK OHII MHe nnocJieACTBHII np11 -
3HaJJI1Cb, 51 BHeC HeMaJIOe CMHTeHI1e B 11X HeiicKyiiieHHble YMbl
pa3rOBOpaMH 0 nopTpeTaX B noraiiieHHOH CBeTOBOH raMM e.
Do npocToTe AYIIIeBHOH H noJJaraJI, IJ:TO Ha TpeTbeM Kypce
HM cJieAOBaJio obi Y*e Koe-IJ:To 3HaTb o TaKI1X neru.ax. OA-
HaKo npH 6JIII)Kai1IIIeM paccMoTpeHHII BbiHCHI1JIOCb, liTO II
B 3TOM HanpaBJieHIIII C HHMII HI1KTO BCepbe3 He 3aHIIMaJICH .
fo,IJ,a qepe3 TIOJITOpa MeHH CHOBa nonpOCIIJIII 1103aHH-
MaTbC5I C HeoOJiblliOH rpynnoff CTy,IJ,eHTOB. 3a 3TO BpeMH
<PoTOKIIHOTeXHHKYM 6biJI JIIIKBIIAIIPOBaH, a Ha ero 6a3e B03-
HIIK JleHIIHrpa,LI,CKIIH IIHCTIITYT KIIHOIIH:>KeHepoB. PyKOBOA-
CTBO IIHCTHTyTa TO)Ke nOCTOHHHO MeHHJIOCb.
ToT Kypc, c KOTopbrM 5I 3aHI1MaJJcH, 6biJJ Y*e Bhmyru.eH,
I-10 OT Hero OCTaJiaCb rpynna IJ:eJIOBeK B ,IJ,eCHTb, KOTOpaH DO
KaKIIM-To npiiiiHI-IaM 3a.uep)KaJJacb. Ka)KeTcH , B cnoe BpeM51
OIIH BCTYI111JII1 B npHI-IliJITIHaJibHb!H KOHQJJJHKT C OIJ:epe,LI,Hb!M
5* 83
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Bnq, Jl. CoKOJihCKHH, H. llincppnH, M. Marn.n., HnKoJiali
11cex ero .n.py3eH, B TOM qHCJie 11 MeHH, H KOr,ll.a Mhi Y3HaJIH
BacHJiheB (CTapumrr 6paT C. )],. BacrrJI&eBa) rr eme He-
o rrepexo.n.e ero H BeJIHeBa B «BeJirocKHHO», Mhi, eCTe-
CKOJihKo qeJIOBeK. TaK BOT C HHMH Ha,li.JieJKaJIO HeMHOfO
cmeHHo, BCTpeBOJKHJIHCb.
rro3aHHMaTbCH n B&mycniTh rrx B orrepaTopcKyiO JKH3Hh. Bpe-
f1ocJie CBOIIX rrepBblX Tpex KapTHH: «)J,eBylliKa C ,ll.aJieKOH
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6biTb H peqn, a Ha.n.o 6hiJIO rrpoCTo rnTorraTb rrpopexn B nx
IrHTepecHhiX MOJIO.ll.hiX pe:tKnccepoB. KapTHHa «fopo.n.a II
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Tipopex 3THX 6hiJIO 6oJiee <IeM .n.oCTaTO<JHO . Bee JKe
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HBHJIHCh Ha rrepByiO CbeMKY CO CBOHM arrrrapaTOM H IIJieH-
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Boro CIJ,eHapHH He 6b!JIO, TO MeHH HarrpllBHJIH Ha KapTHHy
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84
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86
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87
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88 89
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no Harna rrepBaR Kapnma, B KOTopoii: Bee po.JIH 3aHHTbi
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OH KO MHe,- BaM Ha 3TOH KapTBHe IIpii.D,eTC5I Kp eiiKO OT.D,y-
BaTbCR. Be.n.h Bee Jie:tKHT Ha Bae . CBeT 3.D,eeh noTpe6yeTCH,
OX, KaKOH Bblpa3IITeJibHb!H li BCe I!pO'-Iee TO:tKe». «JJa.D,HO,-
OTBeTHJI 5!,- rrpH.D,eTC5I, TaK IIpH.D,eTC5I. )lyMaiO, qTO 3TO 6y-
.D,eT O.D,Ha fl3 Half60Jiee liHTepeCHb!X Hallif!X pa60T».
Kor.n.a R qepe3 rrapy .D,Hei{ paccKa3aJI o6o BCeM noM
MocKBHHy, OH MpaqHo cKa3aJI: «DoJIY'-llfTCH y Bac KpenKo!
.UocTaHeTcH BaM eme Kperrqe! A BrrpoqeM, R 6hr c y.n.oBOJib -
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fOBOp5IT, qTo BO BC5IKOH 60'-!Ke Me.D,a eCTb CBOR JIO:tKKa
.n.erTH. B Harneli 6o'-!Ke, HMenyeMoli «BerJieU.OM» , HMeJiacb
TaKaH COJIH.D,Ha5I JIO:tKKa 3TOI'O caMOfO .D,erni, KaKyJ:O 5I He
rro:tKeJiaiO .n.a:tKe 3Jieii:rneMy Bpary.
Ha'-IIIHaH KapTHHy, Mbi .n.a:tKe He rro.n.o3peBaJIH, '-ITO
BpeMH HaiiiHX C'beMOK COBUa.D,aeT C IIJ!eHOl.!HbiM Kpll3BCOM
1932 ro.n.a- KaK «HeraTHBHbiM», TaK H «II03HTIIBHbiM». He-
raTIIBHYIO UJiei-IKY Mbl Ha6pa.JIH C rpeXOM IIOIIOJiaM B BH.D,e
OCTaTKOB (rueCTHa.D,IJ.aTb pa3Hb!X eopTOB CTapOH IIJieHKll Ha
TPII qacTH KapTIIHbi - He ol.JeHb BeeeJioe .n.eJio). nosiiTHB -
HOH IKe rrJieHKH rrpoeTo He 6biJIO, a cJie.D,oBaTeJibHO, ne 6brJio
H B03MO:tKHOCTH I!pOCMOTpa CHHTOI'O MaTepHaJia . I1 BOT rre -
pe.D, Ka:tK.D,OH C'beMKOH B1 HeraTHBHOH MOHTa:tKHOH, IIOMHMO
Memr H HeraTHBHoro IIHcrreKTopa, co6HpaJIHCh : B. M. DeT-
poB, ero accHeTeHT MapHH AJieKcaH.n.poBHa .Uo6poBa, Haiiia
MOHTa:tKHHU.a EBreHHH AH.n.peeBHa MaxaHbKOBa H Morr ae -
eHcTeHT BopHe fpHropbeBH'-l KoMM. EMy-To KaK pa3 H
npHXO.D,HJIOe b pa3.D,06biBaTb OCTaTKfl HeraTI!BHOH IIJieHKH, H
rrpHTOM B eaMhiX HeBepo.HTHbiX MeCTax. Mbi, KOHe'-IHO, B e e
XOpOIIIO p a36Hp aJIHCb B HeraTHBHOM fl306p a:tKe HIII-I ( CTap a.H
90
JieH<l:JliJibMOBCKa.H lliKOJia), HO rrpoeMOTpa Ha .9KpaHe 3TO
3aMeHHTb HHKaK He MOI'JIO.
PH.D. HeO:tKH.D,aHHocTeii:, H rrpHTOM .n.aJieKo ne Beer.n.a npi-I-
5ITHhrx, flBHJieH IIp5IMbiM CJie.D,CTBHeM TaKOI'O HeHOpMaJibHOI'O
IlOJIO:tKeHHH.
Ha poJib illyJihiJ.a 6br.JI YTBep:tK.D,eH fenna.n.Hrr MHxarrJio-
BH'-l MH'-IYPHH. 5I 3Ha.JI ero no .n.pyrHM KapTHHaM KaK ol.JeHb
HHTepeCHOfO aKTepa, HO Ha eOBMeeTHOH pa6oTe BCTpeTHJieH
e HHM BrrepB}'Ie. 5J cpa3y :tKe IIOHHJI, qTO OH He TOJ!bKO
o qeHb TOHKHH aKTep, HO li '-leJIOBeK 6oJiblliOH KYJibTYPbi
pa36HpaiOlll.HHC5I B !1306pa3HTeJibHOM perneHHH KapTIIHbl:
He" Bee cpa3y rrornJio y Hac c HHM rJia.D,KO. On rrpHBb!K
K HHOH MaHepe OIIepaTOpeKOll pa60Tbl, !1 TO, '-ITO fi .D,eJiaJI
B rraBHJibOHe, 6hiJio eMy rroHaqaJiy nerrpHBbrqno II Herro-
HHTHO. Y6e.D,HTb MOl' TOJ!bKO 3KpaH, a Ha 3KpaHe eMOTpeTh
6 biJIO He'-!ero. DosiiTIIB, ynhi, OTeyTeTBOBaJI.
Mbr Ha'-!aJIH KapTIIHy cpasy :tKe c rJiaBHoro o6neKTa-
.n.erwpau.IIH YJIIIIJ,bi. B .D.JIIIHy Beero treTBepToro aTeJihe TH-
HyJieH 3HaMeHIITbiH CYBOpOBeKIIH «pa3BepHyTbiH rraBHJ!bOH»
oqeHh HHTepeCHO CKOMIIOHOBaHHble apXIITeKTypHble 3Jle~
MeHTbl, .D,OBOJ!bHO TeeHO e.D,BIIHYTbie .n.pyr e .D,pyroM, OCBe-
meHHbie B CaMblX JIY'-!IllHX Tpa.D,IIIJ.IIHX poM aHTIIqeeKOH <l:Jo-
TOrpa<iJHH . 5I l.!aeTo :tKaJieJI, '-ITO orpaniiqeHHhie ycJioBHR
a TeJibe He .D,aiOT B03MO:tKHOeTH pa3BepHyTh 3Ty .D,eKopaU.HIO
K aK CJie.D,yeT, yrJJy6HTb ee, e03.D,aTb :tKH3Hb 3a BHTpHHaMII
rrepecel.Jb HeO:tKH.D,aHHO B03HHKIIIYIO B Ka.D,pe IIJ!Olll.a.D,b, 3 a~
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B 03HHKHYTh y:tKe rrepe.n. yxo.n.oM Ha .n.pyryiO YJIIIIJ.Y H T . .n..
B e~ ::>To MO:tKHO 6biJJo 6hr oeymecTBHTh Ha 6oJihrnorr HaTyp -
HOH IIJ!Olll.a.D,Ke, a IlOKa qTo CTOHJ!a 3HMa, 6b!JI MOp03, CHer.
D o::>ToMy H eH.n.eJI B aTeJJbe Ha orrepaTopeKoli TeJie:tKKe
eoopy:tKeHHH, IIpe.D,Ha3Hal.JeHHOM .D,JIH eneMKH C .D,BH:tKeHHH'
rrJioxo rrpo.n.yMaHHOM H ney.n.o6HoM . B To BpeMH TaKH~
CneMKH I!pOBO.D,HJIHCh .D,OBOJ!hHO pe.D,KO, a eeliqac MHe rrpe.D,-
eTOHJIO eHHMaTb C «XO.D,a» I!OJIOBHHY KapTHHbi. 9To 6h!JI
TOT '-laC IIepe.D, HatiaJIOM eneMKH, KOI'.D,a OCBeTHTeJIH Ha'-IH-
IIaiOT fOTOBHTb IIpH60pbl, IIO.D,fOTaBJJHBaeTeH BCHtieermli
peKBH3HT, aKTepbi eH.D,HT B rpHMepHOH, a aeeHeTeHTbi orre-
paTopa 3apH:tKaiOT IIJieHKOll I!OCJie.D,HHe KaceeTbl H HaBO.D,HT
rJJHHeu. na arrrrapaTypy.
5I pa3.ZI.YMhiBaJI 0 TOM, '-ITO MO:tKHO Bbi:tKaTb H3 3TOJ{ Te-
Jie:tKKH , a 3ao.n.Ho no.D,:tKH.D,aJI cBoero aeeiieTeHTa, Bopiiea
91
KoMMa. OcBeTHTeJin npoooBaJIH npn6ophr, BCTihiXHBaJin To
MeTpOBbi:il: npo:>KeKTOp, TO ceMHCOTKa. CJiyqa:iJ:Ho 5I HaBeJI
annapaT Ha OAHH H3 HHX n obiJI nopa:>KeH s¢¢eKTOM cBeTo-
Boro TI5ITHa, B35ITOrO B Ka,ll,p ,ll,JIHHHO<lJOKYCHbiM OOneKTHBOM,
n npnTOM a6comoTHO He B cpoKycc. UeJihie KoM6HI-raii,HH
KaKHX-TO HeTIOH5ITHblX, MHe )1,0 CHX nop HeH3BeCTHbiX <lJaH-
TaCTHqeCKHX cBeTOBbiX TIHTeH. QqeHh TPYAHO onncaTb 3TOT
s¢¢eKT. 5I nepeBe,'l annapaT Ha MOIIJ,Hhle noJiyBaTTHbie
JiaMTibi, TaM s<lJ<lJeKT 6biJI IIeCKOJibKO .rr.pyro:iJ:, HO .TO:>Ke oqeHb
HHTepeCHbiM. 5J TIO,ll,yMaJI, qyo BOT OH H eCTb, TOT CBeTOBOM
aKII,eHT B Ka,ll,pe, KOTOpbiM 5I ynopHO HCKaJI. B 3TO BpeMH
B aTeJibe BOIIIeJI r. M. MnqypHH H KaK-TO 3aCTeHqHBO OCTa -
HOBHJIC5I y 6oJibiiioli BbiiiiKH c MeTpOBbiM npo:>KeKTopoM,
B03Jie KOToporo B03HJIC5I ocBeTHTeJih. «MHe oqeHb TPYAHO
y BaC CHHMaTbC5I,- B,ll,pyr TIO'-ITH BblpBaJIOCb y Her0.-
5]: DpHBbiK K TOMy, '-ITOObl Ha Me_H5I pa6oTaJIO MHOrO CBeTa,
a y BaC MI-le Ka:>KeTC5I, '-ITO OCBeiii,aeTCH BCe, KpOMe MeHH.
Mo:>KeT obiTb, Bbl MorJin 6br H3MeHHTh cuCTeMy ocBemeHHH?
5l npOCTO He npe,ll,CTaBJIHIO ce6e, KaK oy.rr.y BbirJIH,ll,eTb •Ha
3KpaHe npH BaiiieM CBeTe» . «He 6y.rr.y MeHHTb,- CKa3aJI
51,- BC5I 6e)J,a B TOM, qTQ Bbl HHqero He BH)J,eJIH Ha 3KpaHe,
a pa6oTaeTe c HaMH nepBbr:il: pa3. BnpoqeM, Ka:>KeTCH, Mbi
CKOpO KOe-qTo TIOCMOTpHM, H TOr)J,a Bbl, MO:>KeT 6biTb, H3Me-
HIITe CBOC MHeHIIe» . «XOpOIIIO 6bi»,- He oqeHb yBepeHHO
npoii3Hec feHHa.rr.H:il: Mnxaii:JIOBII'-I. «Ey.rr.eT xopoiiio!- B.rr.pyr
pa3)J,aJIC51 OTKy,ll,a-TO CBepxy 3HaKOMblH rOJIOC. - 01-l Y:>K
c caMoro «A.rr.peca JieHHHa» TaK CHHMaeT n noJiyqaeTCH Bee
Jiyqiiie II Jiyqiiie» . Ha BbiiiiKe CTOHJI, pacnpaBJIHH Moryqiie
nJieqii, reoprn:il: BaciiJibeBnq IllanKIIH. «A BOT II ~aiiia
nJieHKa npiiiiiJia!»- B aTeJihe, pa3MaxnBaH 6JieCT5IIII,eii KO-
pooKoii, B6e:>KaJI KoMM. «Ha npocMoTp,- 3aKpnqaJI oH,-
B BepxHH:il: 3aJI». Mbr KHHYJIIICb II3 aTeJihe.
flpOCMOTp He TOJibKO TIO,ll,TBep,ll,HJI MOH npe,ll,TIO.TIO:>KCHIIH,
HO )J,a:>Ke TIOKa3aJI, '-ITO MO:>KHO ,ll,eMCTBOBaTb eiii,e CMeJiee.
OnaceHHH feHHaAHH MIIxaiiJ10BIIqa pacce5IJIHCb. Co cBoii-
CTBeHHOH eMy rii6KOCTb!O BOCTipii5ITII5I OH cpa3y OII,eHHJI Te
B03MO:>KHOCTH, KOTOpbiC )J,aeT eMy KaK aKTepy TaKOe Be,ll,e-
HIIe CBeTOTeHII B Ka,ll,pe, H cpa3y :>Ke CTaJI MOHM BepHbiM
coi03HIIKOM. Mbr HeMe.rr.JieHHO npHHHJIH ero B CBoe ceMe:il:-
cTBO II CTaJIII Ha3biBaTb «feHMHXMH'-1».
C feHMHXMH'-IeM Mbi cTaJIH HaCT05IIII,HMH APY3b5IMH . MHe
6biJIO o'-IeHb npiiHTHO c HHM pa6oTaTb. OH 6hrJI He TOJibKO
BbiCOKOO,ll,apeHHbiM, HO H O'-IeHb li.HCII,HTIJIHHHpOBaHHbiM aKTe-
92
poM . A Be,ll,b CHHMaTbCH eMy rrpnxo.rr.nJIOCb B oqeHb TPYAHhiX
ycJioBIIHX . Bee BpeMH c ABII:ti<eHIIH, npH BecbMa HecoBep-
weHHOM onepaTOpCKOM TpaHCDOpTe, npii MHHIIMaJibHOII rJiy-
6 IIHe pe3KOCTII, ecTeCTBeHHO ,ll,aBaeMOH o6neKTHBOM TaKOII
CB CTOCIIJibl H <lJoKyCHOfO paCCT05IHIIH, II BbiXO,ll,IITb H3 npe-
ll.CJIOB 3Toi1 rJiy6IIHbi 6hiJIO HeJib3H . Ho, rrpHI-IHB Haiii MeTOA
C'bCMKH, feHMHXMII'-1, C rrpHcyiii,IIM eMy TeMnepaMCHTOM H
M 3CTepCTBOM, CJIIIJIC5I C HaMH B e,ll,IIHOe II,eJIOe.
5I cTaJI pa6oTaTb cMeJiee. CBeTOBhie s¢¢eKTbi MOIII,HbiX
OCBCTIITeJibHbiX rrpH60pOB, Henocpe,ll,CTBeHHO BBe,ll,eHHbiX
B Ka,ll,p B K3'-ICCTBe IIrpOBbiX HCTO'-IHHKOB CBeTa, B35ITbie CO-
BepweHHO BHe <lJoKyca, 6biJIH He H3B5I3'-IHBO 5IpKIIMII, a Ha-
o 6opOT, KaKIIMII -TO MaTOBbiMII, COBepllleHHO HeO:>KII)J,3HHblX
K OH<lJIIrypaii,HH II H!OaHCOB. ( «l1 r.rr.e Bbl TOJibKO pa3)J,06biJIII
TaKyiO CBeTOBYIO peKJiaMy?>>- BOTipOIIIaJIII HaC Ha npo-
CMOTpe). 0HH 33KOHOMepHO BTIHCbiBaJIHCb B CBOeo6pa3Hblll
a pXIITeKTypHbiH aHCaM6Jib, )J,aBaCMbiM «pa3BepHy TbiM na-
BHJibOHOM» CyBopoBa. EcJIII TIOJib30BaThCH Haiiieii: c Moc-
KB HHhiM TepMIIHOJIOrHeM «BHyTpeHHero TIOTpe6JieHH5I», TO
TIO,'ly'-IaJIC5I B ITOJIHOM CMbiCJIC CJIOBa «TIOpTpeT CIITyaii,HH»,
HO C BBC,ll,eHHbiM B Hero nepBbiM IIJIII KpyrrHbiM TIJiaHOM aK-
Tepa. BepoHTHO, Bee 3To 6biJIO BTIOJIHe y6e.rr.nTeJibHO.
5J TIOMHIO npOCMOTp y:>Ke OTTIC'-IaTaHHbiX II 03BylJ:eHHbiX Kyc-
KOB. TaM 6hiJI KaLI.p, B KoTopoM IllyJihii, 6e:>KHT no yJIHII,e
II CJibiWHT CBOII npiiMCTbi, nepe,ll,aBaCMbie ITO pa,ll,HO : «Y Hero
roJiy6bre rJia3a H wpaM Ha Jie Bo:il: meKe». I1 BApyr B 3aJie
pa3.rr.aeTc5I B03rJiac onepaTopa ApKa,ll,HH KoJibii,aToro:
« l.J:epT B03hMH, a Be,ll,b rJia3a y Hero Ha caMoM .rr.eJie ro-
Jiy6hre!>'
B 3TOM :>Ke naBHJibOHe 6hiJIO CHHTO H HeCKOJibKO o6mHx
n JiaHOB KopoTK0 \12.Q.IiY.CH.b!.M_ o6neKTHBOM (25 .M.M). OIJ:eHb s¢-
¢ eKTHbie nepcneKTHBbl C KaKHM -TO OrOHbKOM, r.rr.e-TO )J,a-
JieKO -,ll,aJieKO, II TCMHbiM nepe,ll,HIIM TIJiaHOM HJIII, Ha060pOT,
c ¢oHapeM, BBe.rr.eHHbiM TaK:>Ke H Ha nepBbiH nJiaH. Pe3KHe
CTOJIKHOB CHH5I T3KHX Ka,ll,pOB C KpynHbiMII II cpe,ll,HHMII TIJia-
HaMH illyJibii,a, CHHTbiMll )J,JIHHHO<lJOKYCHbiM o6neKTHBOM,
J~ aBaJIH npH CTpeMHTCJibHOM MOHTa:>Ke CIIJibHbiM II HCO:>KH-
,ll,3HHbiM s¢¢eKT, KoTopbrii eme YGIIJIIIBaJicH MY3biKoi1:
B . B. )KeJio6HHCKoro.
f10JIHOH 11pOTHBOTIOJIO:>KHOCTb!O «p33BCpHyToMy naBIIJib-
OHy» YJIHII,bl C ee He06bi'-la:iJ:HbiM TIOCTpOCHIICM H CB CTOBbiMII
3<lJ <lJe KTaMII 6biJia )J,CKOpaii,IIH «TCJie<lJOI-!Ha5I 6y,ll,K3», 5IBJIHB-
lll3 5IC51 CBOCI'O · pO,ll,a 3aKJIIO'-IIITCJlbHOI{ TO'-IKOH KapTHHbl.
93
KoMMYHIICT, TOJibKO lJTO 6eiKaBirmH: II3 nopbMbi, IIMeBIIIIIii
llOJIHYIO B03MOiKHOCTb CKpbiTbCH, neperOBOpiiB C napTIIliHOH
opraHII3aU.IIeH, peiiiaJICH BbillOJIHIITb yKasaHIIe napTIIHHOfO
pyKoBo,n;cTBa II npe,n;CTaTb nepe,n; cy,n;oM . OH npomaeTCH no
TeJie¢oHy c iKeHofl (apT. A . TiapaMOHOBa), a saTeM 3BOHIIT
B llOJIIIU.IIIO, npe,D;CTaBJIHeTCH OIIleJIOMJieHHOMY llOJIIIIJ.eH-
npe3II,D;eHTY II npiirJiaiiiaeT ero ciO,n;a iKe B TeJie¢oHHyro
6y,n;Ky. Tpy,n;HaH c1I,eHa Ha nepBbiX II KpynHbiX nJiaHax II Ha
olJeHb orpaHIIlJeHHOH TeppiiTopiiii, K TOMY iKe o.n;Ha II3 Haii-
6oJiee OTBeTCTBeHHbiX B KapTIIHe. feHHa,n;IIfl MIIxafiJIOBIIlJ
npoBeJI ee y6e,D;IITeJibHO II TOHKO, C 60JibiiiOH BHyTpeHHeH
ciiJIOH. Ka,n;p noJiylJIIJICH JiaKoHIIlJHbiM II BbrpasiiTeJibHbiM,
lJeMy HeMaJIO CllOC06CTBOBaJIO IIOCTpoeHIIe CBeTOTeHII, ocy-
IIJ,eCTBJieHHOe c noMombro o,n;Horo rroJiyBai'n-roro ay¢reJIJiepa
(r-Ia ¢a6piiKe IIX BCerO-TO 6biJIO ,D;Ba) . 5J HeMaJIO IIOIIOpTIIJI
KpOBII BaJiepiiiO HIIKoJiaeBIIlJY CMr-rpHoBy, KOTopbrfl Tor,n;a
pa6oTaJI OCBeTIITeJieM.
B cr-rJiy KaKIIX-TO ocJIOiKHeHIIH c no,n;aqefl 3JieKTp03Hep-
riiii Mbl BCIO KapTI-IHY ,D;OJiiKHbi 6biJIII CHIIMaTb HOlJbiO, TaK
tiTO K KOHU.Y C'beMOlJHOfO nepno,n;a sa6biJIII, KaK BblfJIH,li;IIT
KI-IHo¢a6piiKa npr-r ,n;HeBHOM cBeTe. KoHelJHO, Bee 3TI-I o6-
CTOHTeJibCTBa- Tpy,D;HOCTII C IIJieHKOH, HOlJHbie C'beMKI-I I-I
T. ,D;.- YCJIOiKHHJII-I Haiii Tpy,n;, HO Be,D;b Mbi 6biJIII B llOJIHOM,
CMbiCJie CJIOBa nper-rcnoJIHeHbi 3HTysr-rasMa . «BerJieU.» 6biJI
IIOCJie,n;HeH KapTI-IHOH, KOTOpyiO Haiii KOJIJieKTI-IB ,D;eJiaJI
B cBoeM ocHOBHOM cocTaBe- B. M. TieTpOB, H . B. UapbHH,
H. r . CyBopoB, A. A. AJieKcaH,n;pOBCKI-IH I-I 51. TioJKaJiyfl,
eu.J,e HIII<Or,n;a Mbi He 6b!JIII B TaKOH CTeTieHII o,n;epiKHMbi e,D;H-
HOH TBopqecKOH n,n;eefl, He pa6oTaJII-I C TaKHM B3aiiMOTIOHI1-
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pBaJIIICb, KaK Ha npas,n;HHK. Mbr qyBCTBOBaJIII, lJTO «Ber-
JieU.» TIO,li;BO,li;HT llTOr OlJeHb BaiKHOMY ,D;JIH HaC TBOplJeCKOMY
nepiiony HeMoro KnHeMaTorpa¢a, II cTapamrcb c,n;eJiaTb Bee,
lJTO TOJibKO 6biJio B HaiiiHX CIIJiax. Haiiiefl 6oJibiiiOii 6e,n;oi':r
6biJIO TO, lJTO Mbi CHHMaJIII, He IIMeH B03MOiKHOCTII npoBe-
piiTb pe3yJibTaT Ha 3KpaHe, no cymecTBY BcJienyiO (nBa-Tpn
cJiyqafiHbiX npocMoTpa He B clJeT), a Be,D;b, yBJielJeHHbie pa-
6oToii, Mbi, eCTeCTBeHHO, r-mor,n;a nepern6aJIII naJIKY H ,n;aJKe
npOCTO CpbiBaJIIICb.
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TaHHbiH Ha O,li;HOH II3 nepBbiX napTHH COBeTCKOH TI03IITHBHOI1
iiJieHKII, Mbl TIOHHJIII, lJTO pa60Ta BCJienyiO IIpHBeJia HaC
K HeKOeH ¢opMaJIHCTII1JeCKOH 6e3,D;He, na,n;aTb B KOTOpyro
94
HaM COBCeM He XOTeJIOCb. Ehoro HHKOr,n;a 6bi He CJiylJIIJIOCb,
,D;aiKe npii BCeH HaiiieH yBJielJeHHOCTII, IIMeH Mbl B03MOiK-
HOCTb peryJI.HpHO CMOTpeTb CH51TbiH MaTepiiaJI.
B anpeJie 1936 ro,n;a B .UoMe KIIHO npoxo,n;IIJia BTopa.H
KoH¢epeHU.IIH onepaTopoB B JleHIIHrpa,n;e.
B _oqeJ:Ib co,n;epiKaTeJibHOM .n;oKJia,n;e_ A,n;pnaH HBaHoBHTI
TIIIoTpOBCKII:if @):(pQ.6Ho xap ?KTepii~OB aJI _JieJIIIHrp a.n;cKyiO
on~p_aTOPC:KYIO IIIKOJIY II OTMeTIIJI, lJTO BepiiiiiHgMII nepsoro
nepiio.n;a TBopqecTBa 3TOH IirKoJibi 6biJIII «HoBbiH BaBHJIOH»
(on~-~!QJi:..~~H. MocK~), «~~u. Bay3p» _(onepaTop
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see HHKaK He Haxo,n;IIJICH. EcTeCTBeHHO, y MeHH B03HIIKaJIH
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Heo,n;o6piiTeJibHO.
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B KBapTIIpe MaTep n CepreH MIIxaH:JIOBIIlJa 3flseHimeihra
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pofl Bbi IIpiirB03,li;HJIII feopriiH K lJepHOIT ,li;OCKe ?» «H He
95
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11BlliiiCb.- Tbr KOr,ll,a-HH6y,ll,h CJihiXaJI npo LianaeBa?
sepHo, CJihiXaJI. BcnoMHH repoeB rpaM,ll,aHcKoii: BOIIHhi, BOc-
TOliHhrii: <jJpOHT 11 BCe C HHM CB5I3aHHOe. TaK BOT 3TO 0 HeM,
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TaTb C IfaMll? ,5I BOT TIOfOBOp!O 3aBTpa C HallaJibCTBOM, a TO
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c «6paTbHMH» . Mbr xopollio OTHOCIIJIHCb ,ll,pyr K ,ll,pyry II xo-
pollio ,ll,pyr ,ll,pyra naHI1MaJIH. KpoMe Taro, MHe xoTeJIOCb HM
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11 «JlHliHOe )J,eJIO» OC06b!X JiaBpOB He IIpHHeCJIII. 3Halii1T,
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HO CaMa <jJIIrypa l.J:anaeBa II BeCb MaTepiiaJI, KOTOpbiH 6biJI
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Ilo,ll,po6Hee eMy y3HaTb He y,ll,aJiocb . ·
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6oro 3HatJeHH5I He npn,ll,aBaJI . To, liTO paHo HJIII TI03,li,HO
IIpii,ll,eTCH 3a liTO-TO IIpHHHMaTbCH, COMHeHHH He Bbl3biBaJIO.
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naeBa» Me CHHJI AJieKcaH,ll,p I1BaHOBHll C11raeB H CHHJI
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TI1Hy.
fJiasa 8
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3aJI: «Ey,ll,eM )J,eJiaTh «fpo3y» no OcTpoBcKoMy, H yMe )J,aJI
96
corJiacne. ,UOJibllie M,ll,aTb Mbi He MOMeM. I1 TaK Y M MHOI'O
Ha- noKylliemrii: na nalli KOJIJieKTHB » .
Mbr neMHoro noMoJillaJIII, noToM 3aroBop11JI CyBopos:
« HaM CKOpee CJie)J,OBaJIO 6bi rrpi1HHMaTbCH 3a liTO-HI16y,ll,h
coBpeMermoe, HO pa3 TaKoro cueHapnH HeT, TO B03paMaTh
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MnoroMy, OcTpOBCKHii: BCe-TaKI1 . K TOMY Me rpy3 MHoro-
JieTHnx Tpa,li,IIU11H, llepe3 KOTOpbiH np11,ll,eTCH npo611BaTbC5I.
Ho BO BCHKOM cJiyllae nerr3MepnMo JIYllllie, treM «CTenaH
P a3HH» HJIH «l1,li,IIOT» no ,UocToeBcKoMy, KOTOphrx HaM TaK
ycnJieHHo rrpe,li,JiaraJI11» . «11 OT KOToporo, H roBo piO npo
«l1)J,IIOTa», Bbl o6a TaK HeOXOTHO OTKa3aJII1_Cb», - BCTaBHJI
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OlleHb C06Jia3HIITeJibHO,- 3aMeTI1JI H,- HO IIOCJie BCero TOI'O,
liTO Mbi )J,eJiaJIH paHbllie, «I1)J,HOT» MOf 3aBeCTH HaC B TaKIIe
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6paTbCH». Mbr onHTb 3aMOJillaJII1, noTOM IleTpOB crrpoc11JI:
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6y,ll,eT eMy,- OH KHBHYJI Ha MeHH.- 0!-! Be)J,b C 3TI1M MaTe-
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npO,li,OJIMaJI : «AKTepOB npH,ll,eTCH 6paTb H3 pa3HbiX TeaTpOB.
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97
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peKTOpa KaprHHbi, qro JIB?»- ~o6anHJI Cynopon.
«BO BCHKOM CJiyqae ~yMaTb, ~yMaTb li ~yMaTb»,- 33-
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y MeHH ee rroqTH He 6biJIO. DocJie peBOJIIOU.HH B JleHHHrpa~e
MaJIO-MaJihCKH Bbi~aiOruHXCH nOCTaHOBOK «fp03hl» , Ha-
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MaTorpa<J?oM li Ha JII060H BH~ HCKYCCTBa (B OC06eHHOCTH
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rrpH3MY KHHeMaTOrpa<J?a II ero B03MOJKHOCTeH.
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6hiJI KHHeMaTorpa<J?, H no~XO)X K JII060H KapTHHe, Ha OCHO-
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98
pewaiOruHX npHqliH, eCJIH He CaMaH pewaiOruaH, B CHJIY KO -
ro pou Mbl nyTH K «fpo3e», ee «npHJl:3HOe» ~OJIJKHbl 6biJIH
o npe~eJIHTh caMH.
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c roJibKo norJIOTHJia Derpona, qTo OI-l KaK-TO OTCTpaHHJICH
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KOTopaH 6brJia eMy npeJK)Xe CTOJih cnolicrneHHa. Or npeLK-
II HX TBOpqecKHX COBeruaHHH, T3KIIX HHTepeCHbiX li 3a~y­
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BOnpOCbl OH OTBeqaJI: «Ceuqac MHe CaMOMY eru.e HeHCHO.
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6 biJia y Hac rnop'recKaH ~oronopeHHOCTh HJIII Her. B IICTO-
p HH Hawero KOJIJICKTHB3, KOTOpbiH BCCf)Xa OTJIH'IaJICH roq-
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IIpOCTO KaK-TO npOCMOTpeJIII 3TO 06CT05ITCJlbCTBO, H HaM
B IIOCJIC~CTBHH IIpHWJIOCb He pa3 06 3TOM nOJKaJieTh.
5I noHHMaJI, qro ~JIH ncero Hawero KOJIJieKTHBa, H ~JIH
MeHH B qaCTHOCTH, «fpo3a» HBJIHeTCH oqeHb cepbe3HOH, OT-
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CTapaJICH He TepHTb BpeMeHII )XapOM, liT06bi nO~fOTOBHTbCH
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n a H onaCHOCTb- Bc.sJqecKaH KpaCHBOCTb, KOTOpaH MOfJia
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99
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HaillH «3THKeTKH», KaK Mbl HX Ha3biBaJJII, HOCIIJIII BCer,ll,a
caMbiH HeOMII,ll,aHHbiH xapaKTep. TaK 6biJIO II 3,/l,ecb. I\To-To
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OnbiTY HallliiX TOBapMruell:. f103TOMY Mbl He TelllHJIH ce6H
105
104
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Il111HCH Ha J111TeHHOM npocneKTe, qT06bi IIOCMOTpeTb « fpo-
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B KOTOpOM OHa IllJia.
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6eHHO 3arraJia HaM B cep.rr.u.e MOJIO.LI.eHbKaH aKTpiica
11. TI. 3apy6IIHa, IICIIOJIHHBillaH poJib Bapsapbr. QqeHb YfK
OHa 6biJia KaKaH-TO Henocpe.LI.CTBeHHaH II y6e.LI.IITeJibHaH.
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Ta caMaH BapBapa, KoTopaH HaM HYfKHa, XOTH y Hac oHa
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BeTCTBYIOlll.IIH pa3rOBOp. «0qeHb IIHTepeCHaH aKTpiica II,
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KaKaH y Hac 6y.rr.eT KaTep11Ha . KoHeliHO, sTo .LI.OJJfKHa 6biTh
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y Hac, Tpe60BaHHH K Hell MOfYT 6biTb TOJJbKO 0 1IeHb Bb!CO-
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.LI.OM- oHa n 3apy611Ha? BoT IJ:To MeHH TpeBO.tKIIT. A Hpa-
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emb?»- o6paTIIJJCH OH K ,UapMIHy. ·
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prrca OHa npeKpacHaH II pOJibiO B HOBOM TOJIKOBaHIII1 OB-
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To HrrKoJiail HrrKaHopoBHli HrrKaHopoB npeKpacHbiH rp11-
Mep, a CII.ll.Hlll.IIH rrepe.rr. To6oii: BHqecJiaB BHqecJiaBOBI1q-
106
60JibillOI1: MaCTaK no IJ:aCTI1 OMOJJOfKeHIIH Ha .3KpaHe- Ha
3TOT pa3 npo.rr.eJJaeT .ll.BOHHYIO onepaU.IIIO. -KaTep11Hy,
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HaTeJIIO. ,UoBOJ!bHO pe.LI.KIIH CJJyliaH B KIIHeMaT0rpa<}le-
CTpeMI1TbCH CHHTb aKTpiiCY CTapme, lJeM OHa eCTb. 06biliHO
6bmaeT Hao6opoT».
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JJHJIH MHOfO BHI1MaHIIH II, BOnpeKII BCeM II BCeMy, He )!(a -
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6eHHO TPY.ll.HO, nJJeHKII .
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K .3TOMY BafKHeHilleMy JI.JIH KapT11Hbl BOrrpocy, KOr.LI.a Ha
OCHOBaHIIII HeCKOJibKIIX .LI.eCHTKOB MeTpOB nJieHKII, Ha KOTO-
pb!X HeJJb351 CHHTb .LI.a.tKe O.ll.IIH .LI.y6JJb M:aJJO-MaJibCKII cepb-
e3HOH CIJ,eHbl, nhiTaiOTCH noJJyqiJTb npe.LI.CTaBJJeHI1e 06 aK-
Tepe, KOTOporo IIHOf.ll.a .ll.O .3TOfO B006lll.e He B11.LI.eJII1. Xo-
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107
Jia. «<1epBbiH pa3 3THM 3aHHMaiOCb,- cKa3aJI YJihr6aHcb
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aHcaM6JieM! HH B o.rr.HoM TeaTpe TaKoro He Ha:iiTH. O.rr.mr
cTapyxH qero CTOHT- MaccaJIHTHHOBa H KoptiamHa-AJieK-
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npo.rr.oJIJKaJI: «MHoro H 3THX KaTepHH neperpHMHpoBaJI
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Jia:ii BacHJibeBHti pa3biiii.eT?»
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MaJio, a ee Bee He 6hrJio. Mbr yJKe npoBeJIH HeCKOJibKO npo6
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BaTbCH. «BoT oH, KJIIOti K KaTepHHe»,- HeBOJibHO no.rr.yMaJI
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108
IIHeM . MbrcJieHHO H yJKe H3BJieKaJI H3 apceHaJia Hame:ii po-
MaHTHtiecKo:ii <f>oTorpaqmH Bee Te cpe.rr.cTBa, KOTOpbre II03-
BOJIHJIH 6b! MHe HaHTH, IIOKa3aTb ero Ha 3KpaHe TaKHM,
KaKHM H xoTeJI ero OIII.YTHTb, yBH,ZI.eTb B o6pase KaTepHHbi.
K coJKaJieHHIO, AJIJia KoHcTaHTHHOBHa ToporrHJiacb o6-
paTHO B MocKBy, r.rr.e Ha cTy.zum «MeJKpa6noM<f>HJibM» 3a-
KaHtiHBaJIHCb c'beMKH KapTHHbi «BOCCTaJI tieJIOBeK», B KOTO-
po:ii oHa yqacTBOBaJia. Do3TOMY H npo6Hbie coeMKH HOCHJIH
HeCKOJibKO nocnemHbiH xapaKTep, If npHCTYIIHTb cpasy JKe
K pa6oTe na.rr. o6pasoM KaTepHHbi Mbi TaK H He cMorJIH,
a .rr.oJIJKHhi 6hiJIH orpaHHtiHTbCH csoero po.rr.a o6me:ii «npH-
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CTOJibKO y6e,ZI.IITeJihHbi, tiTO BOIIpOC 0 KaH,ZI.II,ZI.aType Ha 3TY
poJib 6biJI cpa3y JKe pemeH.
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me:ii MetiTbi», Ta KaTepiiHa, KOTopyiO Mbi .rr.o CIIX nop Bbi-
HYJK.IT.eHbi 6biJIIi BII)I,eTb TOJibKO «.li.YXOBHbiM OKOM», KOHtiii-
JiaCb II nepe)I, HaMH CTOHJia BIIOJIHe peaJibHaH, BO IIJIOTII II
KpoBrr AJIJia KoHcTaHTIIHOBHa TapacoBa, K ctiaCTb!O, OIIeHb
6 JIII3KaH K HamiiM 3aMbiCJiaM, Mbi, HaKOHeii., IIOJiytiiiJIII
B03MOlKHOCTb IIO,ZI.OHTII K pa60Te Ha,ZI. KJI!OtieBb!M o6pa30M
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rrpoqee,- o6pa30M KaTepiiHhi.
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rJiaBHOro, se.rr.ymero, oLJei-Ib 6oJibmoe 3HatieHIIe IIMeeT H30-
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rroHIIMaJIII, B KIIHeMaTorpa<f>e 6e3 srr.rr.eHIIH II3o6pa3HTeJib-
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rrpeJK.rr.e scero B caMbiH BbiCOKHH, caMhri:i: TpariitieCKHfr cJac
ee JKH3HII, B cu.eHe CBH,ZI.aHHH c BoprrcoM, Ha BbiCOKOM , o6-
pbiBHCTOM 6epery BoJirrr, TOH caMoi:i: BoJirii, c KOTopoH:
B ee JKH3HII 6biJIO CBH3aHo TaK MHoro xopomero II cseT Jioro
II B KOTOpOH OHa, ,ZI.OBe)I,eHHa5I ,ZI.O OTLJa5IHH5I, HamJia CBOe
nocJie.rr.Hee rrpii6eJKrime.
109
 EcrecrBeHHo, Mhi cTpeMHJIHCb npHCTYIIHTh K cneMKaM
3TOH CU.eHbl yJKe B HaqaJie KapTHHbl H oqeHh pa.U:OBaJIHCb
npe.n:cTO.HIIJ.eft 3Kcne.n:HU.HH Ha BoJiry. O.n:HaKo qeJioBeK npe.n:-
noJiaraer, B TOM q11cJie ecJIH ou peJKHCcep, oneparop HJIH
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CT05ITeJihCTBa .n:aJieKo He TBopqecKoro 110p5I.U:Ka.
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roB OTKasaTbCH OT 110.U:JIHHHOH BoJirH H HCKaTb 110.11: JleHMH-
rpa.n:oM KaKyiO -TO 110.ll:CTaBHyiO. Mbr 110HHMaJIH, qTo .n:aJKe
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o6pb1BOM sa KJia.U:OHIIJ.eM .
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11pHlliJIOCb.
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11epByiO HaTypHyiO C'heMKY no Harneii: Kaprm-re. 5I Cli.U:eJI sa
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JIOc Ha ee SaTbiJIKe H .U:yMaJI 0 TOM, KaKOH H YBliJKY ee TaM,
Ha osepe, Ha TOM caM.OM osepe, KOTopoe .U:JI.H MeHH yJKe
ycneJio ·eraTh BoJiroii:. PH.U:OM co MHoii: CH.U:eJI ITerpoB, H
no TeM BsrJI.H.U:aM, KorophiMH Mhi ooMeHHBaJIHCh, 5I noH·H-
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11eJIHBO JK.U:eT HatJaJia C'heMKH .
110
.[LeBHTb qacoB Beqepa . ITocJie.U:Hlle MHHYThi nepe.n: c'beM -
KOH, nepe.n: TeM CaMbiM MOMeHTOM, Kor.n:a HMeHHO, a He
paHhllie H He nosJKe, Ha.n:o 6y.n:er c.n:eJiaTh 11epBhiH o6opoT
pyqKH.
YJKe ropHT ocBeTHTeJihHbie npH6ophr. Bop11c KoMM
CTOHT Hai'OTOBe Ha 11epeBO.U:e QlOKyca H BbiJKH.U:aTeJibHO CMOT-
pHT Ha MeHH. BoKpyr a1111apara BCe saMOJIKJIO. I1 XOTH
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TIOJIHO}I THlliHHbi, KaK 11epe.11: KaKHM-TO CB5IllieHliO.U:eHCTBlieM .
,Ua, .U:JI.H Hac 3TO H ecTh CBHIIJ.eHHO.U:eilcTBHe. CHHMaeTC.H
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Hso6pasHTeJihHoro perneHHH, HO H .U:JIH MHororo .n:pyroro.
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117
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118
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119
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HbiH, H He TOJibKO MaTepHaJibHbiH (Bee 3TH rrepec'beMKII
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J!O)KH~HCb Ha CMeTy KapTHHbl), HO fJiaBHbiM o6pa30M H TBOp -
OHH HaM oqeHb rrpHrO,nHJIHCb.
qeCKHH. Bee .Be,nb cKJia,nbiBaJIOCb otieHb xopoiiio. Eme He- Cpa3y :tKe no so3sp.aiii.eHHH s JleHHHrpa.n Mbi rrpHCTy-
cKOJibKO .nHeH, H Mbi Boo6me 33KOH'IHJIH Obi 3TY ,neKo-
nHJIH K OCHOBHblM C'beMKaM CUeHbl «fyJIHHHe KYIIII.OB».
paiJ.HIO. Mbr npH.nasaJIH 3TOi1 cueHe oqeHb 6oJibiiiOe 3HaqeHHe,
Bee :tKe cJie,nyeT rrpH3HaTbCH, 'ITO c'heMKH 3TH ,naJIH HaM
paccMaTpHsaH ee KaK O.li.HH H3 HaHooJiee sa:tKHbiX rpynno-
otieHb MHoroe. Mbr HaiiiJIH HeMaJio IJ,eHHoro, cpaKTH'leCKH
BhlX nopTpeTOB s noKa3e 3BepHHoro JIHKa ooHTaTeJiell: «TeM-
ocyiii.eCTBHJIH HHTepecHeHIIIHH IIOHCK, HO Bee 3TO ObiJIO CJia-
Horo IJ,apcTsa». KaK H MHoroe .npy roe B 3TOH KapTHHe, Mbi
ObiM yTeiiieHHeM. Be,nb noHcK Mor obiTb He TOJibKO noHCKOM
peiiiaJIH 3TY CIJ,eHy rrpHeMaMH, KOTOpbie ,li.JI51 HaC TOf,ll.a
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ooJibiiioro oo'beKTa, HHKor.na oco6oll: pa.nocTH He ,nocTaB-
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JIHeT.
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:tKyiii.eHCH KaMepoii: (HaCKOJibKO B TeX YCJIOBHHX KaMepa
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soo 6me MorJia ,nsHraTbcH).
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B npe.nsapHTeJibHOH pa3pa6oTKe 3TOH ciJ,eHbi HaM He-
fJiaBHbiM o6pa30M npOH3BO,nCTBeHHb!e (MaCCOBKa, TpaHC-
MaJio noMorJia MY3biKa B. B . lUep6at~esa, KoTopyiO oH
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.llliiJ.HH se.n~:> JIIO,nH TO:tKe xoTHT ecTb, a nocJie xopoiiiero
127
126
 Mbi ocTaHOBHJU!Cb B MocKBe, B rocTHHHU.e «Hau.rroHaJib»,
H TaM, B HoMepe y IOpnH AJieKCaH.n:poBrrlla IIIanoprrHa,
B KOTOpOM CTOHJIO nHaHHHO, Mbi BCTpeTHJIHCb C BJia.lJ:HMH-
pOM BJia.n:rrMrrpoBrrlleM. IOprrii: AJieKcaH.n:poBHll- 6prrToro-
JIOBbiH, B HOBOM KO>KaHOM naJibTO H cpeTpOBOH lliJIHne-
npHBeTCTBOBaJI HaC OlleHb raJiaHTHO H OCTaBHJI nOJIHb!MH
X03HeBaMH HOMepa.
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TaK>Ke rJiaBHbiH .n:npn>Kep «JleHcpHJibMa» HrrKOJiaii: CeMeHo-
BHti Pa6HHOBHll, C KOTOpbiM Mbi pa6oTaJIH Ha «BerJieu.e».
DoTOM nOLI.OllleJI eru.e OLI.HH, B TO BpeMH MOJIOL(OH LI.HpH>Kep
AJieKcaH.n:p IllaMrrJieBHll MeJIHK-DalllaeB. KmKeTcH, rr OH,
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KOHCepBaTOpHH. Bo BCHKOM CJiyllae, OTHOCHJIHCb OHM K HeMy
C 60JiblliHM nrreTeTOM.
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HanrrcaHHhiMH HM cpparMeHTaMH MY3biKH K « fpo3e»:
K CIJ.eHe «B KOHTOpe ,UHKOfO», r.n:e BnepBbie B KapTHHe
B KalleCTBe HeKoero JieHTMOTHBa nOHBJI5leTC5l TeMa «Cy.n:h6a
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xopa- lli.ep6alleB rrrpaJI HaM ee Ha mraHrrHo, a Pa6rrHo-
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f.n:e TOJibKO ,UapbHH BbiKOnaJI TaKHX!
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CTpoeHHhiii: Ha BHYTPHKa.n:poBOM MOHTa>Ke. no cero.n:HHliiHHM
128
rrpe.n:cTaBJieHHHM H cpe.n:cTBaM BCe 3TO 6biJIO CLI.eJiaHO
.ll:OBOJibHO npHMHTHBHO. EcJIH 6hr MHe npmllJIOCh CHHMaTh
TaKyro cu.eHy cero.n:HH (xopolliHH onepaTopcKHH TpaHcnopT,
annapaT c 6e3yKopH3HeHHbiM naHopaMHpoBaHHeM, a eru.e
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CHHMaTb TaKy iO CUeHy cerOLI.HH, 51, HaBepHOe, CHHJI 6bi ee BO
MHOfO pa3 HHTepecHee H CJIO>KHee, HO TOr.n:a . . . 4TO >K, no
o.n:e>KKe nponirHBaii: HO>KKH.
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KOH etmo, JIYtillle He cTaJia. DeTpOB oKpecTHJI ee «.n:poMa.n:e-
poM», a KaK Ha3hiBaJI ee MocKBHH, 5l npe.n:noliHTaro He
y nOMHHaTb. I1 BCe-TaKH, HeCMOTpH Ha CTpalliHbie BOnJIH o6-
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.n:aJieKO He JieCTHhie BbiCKa3biBaHH5l, HaM y .n:aJIOCb H3 Hee
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Be.n:h H 6biJIO pa.n:n ll ero MYliHTbCH. Mbr rrbiTaJIHCb YBH3aTb
p nTM MY3biKH (MHe rrpHx o.n:HJIOCh .n:ep>KaTb ero B naMHTH,
TpaHCJIHUHH Ha CbeMKaX Tor.n:a eru.e He npaKTHKOBaJIHCb)
c LI.BH>KeHrreM c'heMOliHOro annapaTa H MaccoBKH. Be.n:a
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JieKTHBa 6hiJIO TBOpllecKoe 6ecCTpalliHe. Mbr scer.n:a cMeJio
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Ha.n:e:m:Hhre yllaCTKH, llefO 6bi HaM 3TO HH CTOHJIO, H, KaK .
rr paBHJIO, B KOHU.e KOHU.OB BCer.n:a noJiyllaJIOCb liTO-TO HHTe-
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n pOB03HJIHCb LI.OBOJibHO JI.OJifO H nJieHKH HCTpaTHJIH 60JiblJ.Ie
110JIO>KeHHOfO, HO .n:o6HJIHCb OLI.HOH H3 JIYtilliHX CU.eH B Kap-
THHe. .
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CTapHHHYIO HapOLI.HYIO rpaBIOpy «CI>OpTyHa H HHIII.HH». Cl>op -
TyHa Cbll1aJia CBOH .n:a pbl B cyMy CTOHIIJ.ero Ha KOJieHH X
129
HIIIJJ.ero. Ero IICCTynJieHHOe JIIIIW sanoMHIIJIOCb MHe .II.O ciix
nop. Bm1sy 6hiJI TeKcT: «Cy.II.h6a IIrpaeT T.IeJioBeKoM, oHa
IISMeHT.IIIBa BCer.II.a» II T . .lJ.. Ill a pMaHIJJ.IIK IIeJI 3TOT TeKCT Sa
cueHoi'I, rroToM BCTynaJI opKecTp. B sToi'I cueHe BrrepBbie
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xaiiJia I1BaHOBIIT.Ia- )KapoB II U a peB. TyT Y* 6hiJIO rrpo-
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IlocJie sToi'I .II.eKopaUIIII Bbi.II.aJicH He6oJibiiiOH rrepepbiB,
H Mbl OT.IeHb BHIIMaTeJibHO IIpOCMOTpeJIII BeCb Halll MaTe-
pHaJI caMII, a rroToM rroKasaJIII pyKOBO.li.CTBY CTY.li.IIII, npe-
JK.II.e Bcero A.II.piiaHy I1BaHOBHT.Iy IliioTpoBcKoMy H rpynne
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IIa.II.aJJYI.
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no BbipaiKeHIIIO CyBopoBa, y Hac «Bpo.II.e KaK B KapMaHe».
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130
Jieue», rr naiiia .II.aJibHei'IIIIaH pa6oTa Ha « fpose» HHKaKHX
COMHeHIIH y MeHH He Bb!SbiBaJia. 0.II.HaKO BCKOpe Bb!HCHII;
JIOCb, qTO 11pii TaKIIX TeMIIaX, KaKIIe passepHyJIIICb Ha 3TOII
K apTIIHe: IIOCTOHHHoie C'beMKII B .II.Be CMeHbl, BOSpOCIIIIIe·
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6 opaTopiiiO HJIII eme Ky.II.a-HII6y.II.b, II 5I OCTaBaJICH B IIa-
5I
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JIOCb, 'ITO KoMMa BSHJIII Ha .II.Ba MecHua Ha soeHHbiH c6op,
a BMeCTO Hero HBIIJICH MOJIO.II.OH qeJIOBeK, KOTOporo 5I IIOT.ITII
He SHaJI. Ilpii 6JIIIiKaHIIIeM SHaKOMCTBe OKaSaJIOCb, 'ITO OH
o T.IeHb xoqeT 6hiTb cTapaTeJihHbiM, HO He oqeHb xoporno
SHaeT CBOe .II.eJIO II TIIITaeT HeCKOJibKO IISJIIIIIIHIOIO CKJIOH-
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13!
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132
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133
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134
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135
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136
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139
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140
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141
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162 163
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156
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168
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169
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170 l7l
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1941 ro,na HaMeqaeTcH JiepMOHTOBCKYTH: I06riJiei1. CTo JieT
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185
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191
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196
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215
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216
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p :160Ty, HO Y/Ke B rrepBbiX CHHTbiX HM CID:H<eTaX 6hiJia HaCT05l-
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B HHBape, a MOMeT 6hiTh H B HaliaJie <j:JenpaJIH 1942 ro.a.a
11 rrocJieti.HH:i'I pas BCTpeTHJICH c E. B. 4epBHKOBhiM, saMe-
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219
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liiHX KpaCHBbiX rJia3aX . ..
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220
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ll loll' ll L!I1BaJI npOMCp3liiHC CTCHbl JJ:OMOB C L!CpHbllvlll Bna,nrr-
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llJli iBLILIHLIM rr KOTOpLrii: 3a ro.n .no .3Toro MLI He MOrJirr Obi
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II p OCIIeKTy. 5J JJ:OJifO CMOTpeJI eMy BCJie,n.
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11 :1w e ii: nocJie,nHei'r BCTpe'Irr. Tor.na Me rro.n JJrrrOBOM nomo
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<'ll TJih!X LieJIOBeKa, OJJ:HH II3 JIY'IliiiiX nOCTaHOBOL!HLIX KOJI-
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IIIITL, TaK Me KaK H He MOrJirr 3a OLITb, .naMe ecJirr Obi HaM
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11 KOTopoM BLI OLIJirr, co.nporaJICH KaK MrrBof:r opraHrr3M,
221
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OIIYCKaeTCH Ha CBOe MeCTO. 11JIH ,npyrHe HOlill, TeMHbie, He-
nporJIH):(Hbie, KOr,na BCC CJIHBaeTCH B K3KOH-TO CIIJJOUIHOH
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pa3o6paTb n H,nelllh rJiaBHbi M o6pa30M no naMHTH, nHor.na
Ha oru.yrrh. Mbr JII06HJIH TaKHe HOliH: o6hiliHO Bpar CliHTaJI
T3KYIO rroro,ny HeJieTHOH, H 6oM6e2KeK H e 6b!JIO.
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¢eKTbi» 6JioKa,nbi, B oco6eHHOCTH nepnoro rrep11o.na. CaMo-
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oHHhiii xapaKTep BOeHHb!X ,neHCTBllH Ha J1eH¢poHTe, eCTe-
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¢pOHTODOH KI1HOrpynrrw.
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HHOr,na B IIOp5I.li:KC CJIYli3HHOfO 06MeHa MHCHH5IMH, HHOf.ll:3
222
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1 11 1\0H -TO CTeiieHll BeCTll KllHOHa6JIIO):(CHlle 3a pe3yJibTaTaMI!
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11 ('06XO):(llMbi orrpe,neJieHHb! e c pe,nCTBa H T eXHHK a, HO KaK
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BecHOH 1930 ro.na, nepe.n OT'bC3AOM B 3Kcne.nHUHIO no
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11 OTH OCHTeJibHblM OTBepcniCM 1 : 5. Do c paBHeHHlO C ,npy-
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11 c oru.y ru.aJIOCb, cno6o,nHoro npeMeHH y MCH5I Tor.na He
223
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1942
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229
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230
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231
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233
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235
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236 237
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IIOSM O.IKHO, a Ka.IK)J,Oe IIOna)J,aHHe ... 0, Ka.IK)J,Oe IIOIIa)J,aH:He
HOlle.CTB.a HClleSJIO. 5I sHaJI - H He O,lJ,HH. BoT pH,li,OM co
'JTO 6hiJia m6eJib MHOrHX, Ol!eHb MHOrHX Halli:HX JIJO)J,eH :
MHOH H,lJ,eT lleJIOBeK, KOTOporo 51 BH.IKY B nepBbiH H,
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IIhTX HaKaTOB, HarnHMH yKpbiTHHMH 6hiJIH ,lJ,OMa, B KOTOpbiX
HHHrpaAeu, KOTOpb!H nepe.IKHJI He MeHbille, a MO.IKeT 6biTb
M bl .IKHJIH, OHH He Salll.Hill.aJIH Hac OT npHMbiX, )J,a If He TOJibKO
ropaS,lJ,O 60Jibille, lleM 51, HO, KaK BCHKHH JieHHHrpa,li,eU
OT IIp5IMbi X, IIOIIa)J,aHHH . DOM6oy6e.IK:Hill.a 6biJIH TO./Ke OTH0-
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CeHllaC, Ky,11,a, IIHJIH TaM liS .tKeCTHHblX Kpy)!<eK KHnHTOK
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H rpbiSJIH OlleHb TBep,li,bie raJieTbi- «Ha,lJ,e.tK,lJ,a sy6Bpalla»,

238 239
JIOBHHOH ro~a Mbl, JieHHHrpa,ll.Ubl TeX JieT, HeCJIH 6eccMeH-
HyiO BaxTy Ha uepe,nHeM Kpae, H ,npyroli seMJIH AJIH Hac He
6biJIO. Mbi MorJIH JIH6o BbiCTOHTb, JIH6o JielJb KOCTbMH.
H Mbi sHaJIH, liTO BbiCTOHM. HenoKOJie6nMaH BOJIH coBeT-
CKHX JIIO,ll.eH npeBpaTHJia MHpHbiH HeyKpenJieHHbiH ropo,n
B HeCOKpylliHMYIO KpenOCTb, 0 KOTOpyiO pas6HJIHCb rHTJie-
pOBCKHe 6aH,nbi. Mbi 6biJIH B qncJie 3THX mo,neli H .no no-
cJie,nHero cBoero Bs,noxa 6y,neM rop,nHTbCH 3THM. Mbr MHO-
roMy HayqHJIHCb Sa 3TO BpeMH, MHOrOe BOlliJIO B Balli 6biT.
Mnoroe TaKoe, o qeM Mbi paHbllie u upe,ncTaBJieHHH He
HMeJIH. Mbr HayquJincb yBa.IKaTb Ha,nnHcb 6eJibiMH 6yK-
BaMn no cuHeMy cpoHy: «fpa.IK,naHe! ITpu apTo6cTpeJie
3Ta cTopoHa ymiUbi Hau6oJiee ouacHa». Mbi sHaJIH, liTO
SHalJHT ua,naTb Ha YJIHUe UO,ll. 06CTpeJIOM, npH.IKHMaTbC5I
K MOCTOBOH H CJibilliaTb CTYK OCKOJIKOB no TpoTyapy, 3HaJIH
HapacTaiOIUHH BOH na,naiOmeli 6oM6hi, sHaJIH, liTO sHalJHT
Jie./KaTb Ha MHJIOH MaTepH-SeMJie, rJiy6oKO npoMepsllieH H
TBep,ll.OH, KaK KaMeHb, H CTapaTbC5I B2KaTb B Hee CBOIO ro-
JIOBy eme Ha KaKOH-TO MHJIJIHMeTp (KaK 6y,nTO 3TO MOfJIO
noMOlJb HJIH cnacTu!). Mbr ysHaJiu, o, KaK xopolliO Mbi ys-
HaJIH, liTO TaKoe KycoK xJie6a, HHor.na npoMepslliero, sa-
cKopysJioro, oTorpeToro . sa nasyxoli, 3TOT caMbiH nocJie,n-
HHH KycoK, KOTOpbiM ,neJIHJIHCb c TOBapHIUeM. Mbr pa6oTaJIH,
no B03MO.IKHOCTH OT,ll.biXaJIH, no B03MO.IKHOCTH BeCeJIHJIHCb,
lJHTaJiu, cJiylliaJIH MY3biKy, nbrTaJIHCb KaK-TO HaJia,nHTb
cso10 .IKH3Hb. Ho Mbi sHaJIH: B JI106y10 MHHYTY B perrpo-
AYKTope MO.IKeT pas,naTbCH cHrHaJI Tpesom, a MOrJio 6hrtb
H TaK, lJTO Mbl He ycrreJIH 6bi ,na./Ke yCJibilliaTb 3TOT CHrHaJI.
HHor,na cy,nb6y lJeJioBeKa pelliaJIH ceKyH.ll.bl. CJiyqafi-
Hbie ceKyHAbi. Ha HeCKOJibKO ceKyH,n paHbllie HJIH Ha. He-
CKOJibKO CeKyH):( IIOS.IKe, H lJeJIOBeK HS6eraJI ru6eJIH HJIH,
Hao6opoT, oHa HacTnraJia ero.
O,nHa.IK,nhr Mbi c orrepaTopoM E. B. lllarrupo sosspa-
IUaJIHCb co cTy,nuu. Mb! MHHOBaJiu MeJibHHUY HMeHH
B. H. neHHHa H, Bb!H,ll.5I B' ca,ll.HK narrpOTHB TpaMBaHHOH
ocTaHOBKH, ysu,neJIH, lJTO TpaMsali y.IKe yxo,nHT, Mbi rrpu-
6aBHJIH lliary, HO OH yllieJI y HaC nepe,n CaMbiM HOCOM. Be-
p05ITHO, eCJIH 6bi Mbl nOTOpOIIHJIHCb, Mbl 6bl ero ,ll.OrHaJIH,
Hb y MeHH 6biJI TH.IKeJibiH semesoli MelliOK, a EsreHHH
BeHnaMHHOBHlJ He saxoTeJI MeHH noKHHYTb. Ha sa,nHeli
nJIOJUa,ll.Ke TpaMBaH CTOHJIH BeCeJibie, HapH,ll.Hble ,ll.eBylliKH,
OH~ MaxaJIH HaM nJiaTOlJKaMH u liTO-TO KpnqaJIH. Mbi CT3JIH
O./KH,ll.3Tb CJie,nyiOJUero TpaBM35I, HO OH ,ll.OJlfO He llieJI, Hac
240
11111 ·r.~, rroHBHJICH, H Mbi noexaJiu. Ha CTapo-HescKoM 6biJia
11 l 1.5113JieHa TpeBora Mbl BbllliJIH HS TpaMBaH H IIOlliJIH
III'IIII{OM. BosJie nH;ei1Horo Mbl YBH.,UeJIH pas6HTbiH CHapH-
I I.lMH TpaMBaH, y6HTbiX, MalliHHbl CKOpOH IIOMOIUH. 3TO
flhi JI TO T CaMb!H BarOH, B KOTOpb!H Mbl He norraJIH. · ·
1\aK-TO seqepoM, He TO B 5IHBape, He TO B cpeBpaJI:
I!H :3 r o,ll.a, KO MHC ,no Moil sallieJI B. fJHIIHeB, cJiy.IKHBlliHH
rtll ',ll.a B KaKOH-TO BOHHCKOH lJaCTH, CBHSaHHOH C 3BTOMa-
lllllllaMH. ,Uo BOHHhr OH pa6oTaJI Ha «neHcpHJibMe» u 6brJI
11'1 'lib xopolliHM HH.IKeHepoM rro coeMO'-IHOH arrrrapaType. OH
lll'T a Jic H y MeHH HOlJeBaTb, u yTpoM Mbi yHHlJTO.IKHJIH sc~
11pHrracbr, KOTOpbie y MeHH 6hiJIH. MeHH 3TO MaJio 6ecrro-
IIOHJIO , B 3TOT ,ll.eHb ,ll.OJI./KHbl 6biJIH Bbi,ll.aBaTb rraeK, H H,
IIIJHXBaTHB BeiUeBOH MelliOK, CIIOKOHHO OTrrpaBIIJICH Ha
t'TY.ll.H IO. Halli Hal!rrpo.n M. Mapm-r rroqeMy-To sa,nep.IKaJicH,
II np o,ll.yKTbl HalJaJIII Bbi,ll.aBaTb ll03,ll.HO, no_n Beqep, TaK
'ITO Kor.na H u B. CIIHHUhiH BbilliJIII co cTy,nnu, 6hrJio y.IKe
I' ' MHO H HaCTymiJIO BpeMH, KOr,na TpaMBaH HalJHHaJIH XO-
)li !Tb see pe.IKe u pe.IKe. Mbi ,noJiro .IK,naJiu Ha ocTaHOBKe,
:1 l!OTOM, BCKHHYB MelliKH C naHKOM Ha nJielJH, OTnpaBHJIIICb
11<1 rrJioma,nb AJieKcaH,npa HeBcKoro, r.ne Tor.na 6brJio KOJib-
1(0 HeCKOJibKIIX TpaMsaes. TaM CTOHJI saroH, KasaJioch 6bi ro-
roohrli K OTnpaBKe, HO IIOlJeMy·TO OH He OTIIpaBJI5IJIC5I . HaM
l ' Ka3aJIH, lJTO B COCe,ll.HeM pafiOHe 06'b5IBJieHa BOS,ll.ylliHaH
·1·pesora u liTO c MHHYThi Ha MHHYTY ee o6oHBHT H s.necb.
Mbr HeMHoro no,no.IK,naJIH u rrolliJIH ,naJibllie, no HescKoMy
11pocrreKTy. TpeBory o6oHBHJIH, Kor,na Mbr lliJIH r.ne-To
11 pa lioHe HcnoJIKOMCKOH, Mbi He y,neJIHJIH 3TOMY oco6oro
II II HM aHHH, K TpeBOraM Mbl npHBb!KJIH, l1 nponycKa Ha 3TOT
l 'Ji yq afi y Hac 6b!JIH. B,npyr Mbi . ycJihrlliaJiu ryJI caMoJieTa H
p s KHH Boil na,na10merr 6oM6hi. Mbr ycneJIH B.IKaTbCH B HH-
III Y ,nBepeli 6es,nei'IcTBOBaBlliero MarasuHa (noTOM Mbi npol!JIH
1'1'0 Bb!BeCKY: «UBeTOlJHblH Mara3HH»), TaK, lJTO Hapy.IKy TOp-
'l'lJIH TOJibKO HalliH MelliKil C naHKOM, sa HaMil lJTO-TO HpKO
IIC!lb!XHYJIO, pas,naJICH BSpbiB, B3pbiBHa5I BOJIHa lJYTb He Bblp-
llaJia nac IIS Halliero yKpbiTIIH. Mbi ysii,neJiu YJIIIUy, sanoJI-
II CHHYIO KpacHoBaToli KIIpnHlJHOH nhiJibiO, nopBaHHbie TpaM-
Il 3HH bre npoBo,ll.a, ,noMa 6biJIH ueJihi, Ho o6o,npaHbi. Y6e,nHB-
III HCb , lJTO Harna nOMO!Ub HHKOMY He Tpe6yeTC5I, Mbl
II OlliJIII ,naJibrne. Mbr He ycneJiu .noi'ITII .no XapbKOBCKoli, KaK
OITHTb ycJibilliaJIII CBepJI511Ul1H n03BOHOlJHHK 3BYK na,naiOIUeH
ooM 6hi. Ha 3TOT pas yKpbiBaTbCH 6hiJio neKy,na, n Mbi rrpo-
l'TO ynaJIH Ha MOCTOByiO. DOM6a pa30pBaJiaCb Bllepe,nii: lJe-
I0 3 aKa3 No 2020 241
 pes Hac nepeJieTeJIH OCKOJIKH, HO HaC H Ha 3TOT pas He sa-
neJIO. Korna H noMa pas6npaJI nponyKThi, To HarneJI
B xJie6e nBa MaJieHhKHx ocKOJIKa. OnHTh-!aKH snech Bee
pernHJIH ceKyHnhi. Bhrifnn Mhi HeMHoro paHbrne- Mhi 6br
nonaJIH non BTopyiO 6oM6y, a Bbiifnn Mbl HeMHOrO nOSJKe-
Hac 6hi YHWITOIKHJia nepBaH.
no TOMY BpeMeHH BO BCeM 3TOM Hl1qero oco6eHHOro He
6hiJIO. 3TO MOrJIO npOH30HTH BCerna H C JII06biM 113 Hac,
npHTOM c ropasno 6oJiee TparrrqecKHM KOHIJ.OM. l.JTo )Ke ynrr-
BHTeJibHoro, <ITO HepBbl HHorna He BhinepiKHBaJIH H en a-
naJirr? Ho Torna Hano 6hrJio HeMenJieHHo 6paTb ce65I n py-
KH, KpenKo-KpenKo, H He pacnycKaTbCH. H ecmr pHnoM 6biJI
;ll.pyr (a nenb KaJKnhrif JieHHHrpaneu. 6hiJI npyroM H eMy HH-
qero He Hano 6h!JIO 06b5ICH5ITb), TO 3TOT npyr cpa3y 21<e
CTaHOnHJIC5I pHnOM.
Ho Harna HepnHaH CHCTeMa, Harna naMHTh nee 3TO pe-
rrrcTpHponaJia rr coxpaHHJia. ~Horo ORa xpaHHT 11 no ceif
neHb.
3HMOH 1947 rona 51 rneJI no qJ1cTeHbKOMy, HapHnHoMy
HeBcKoMy, Ha KOTopoM yJKe HHqTo He HanoMHHaJio o noliHe.
Ha yrJiy CanoBoli YJIHU.bi 5I BCTpeTHJI H. IO. 03apoBcKoro.
~hi pa3ronopHJIHCb o noifHe, o HencKoM B TOT nepnon, H
5I BCTIOMHHJI 11 paCCKaSaJI eMy npo 3TH nna 3TII130na. HHKO-
JiaH IOpbenHq 3anyMqJ1BO nocMOTpeJI nepen co6oli, no3-
MOJKHO, qTo 11 B ero rraM5ITH MeJibKHYJIO qTO-HH6ynh noxo-
JKee, noTOM CKa3aJI: «CoJinaTCKoe cqacTbe . .. C<rHTaifTe,
qTo K BaM OHO 6hiJIO MHJIOCTHBO .. .»
~br, KOHeqHo, Heo6brqafmo qyTKO pearrrposaJirr Ha nee,
qTo noCTyrraJio K HaM c BoJiblllOH seMJIH. CsonKrr HHcpopM -
6IOpo HMeJIH nJIH HaC rpOManHOe 3Ha<reHHe, 11 Mbl no n03 -
MOJKHOCTH CTapaJIHCb HX He nponycKaTb. 0T3BYKH BeJIHKOJ:I
6rrTBhi Ha BoJire HanoJIHHJIH HarnH cepnu.a BOcToproM 11
ropnOCTbiO. 3 necb, B 6JIOKHponaHHOM JleHHHrpane, Mbl yJKe
oruyruaJirr no6enoHocHyiO noCTynh Harnrrx BoiicK n qyncTso-
saJIH, qTO HX Terrepb HJ1qTO He OCTaHOBHT, qTo TI06ena Harna.
1943 ron H BCTpeqaJI B ceMhe B. H. CHHHIJ.biHa. Depen
MOHM rrpllxOnOM KTO-TO OTipOKHHYJI KepOCHHOBYIO JiaMny, H
Bee 3aHHJIHeh TyrneHneM noiKapa. Y 6en1-1oro BJianHeJiaBa
HBaHOBH<ra pyKa 6hiJia 3a6HHTOBaHa no eaMoro JIOKTH, HO
3'1'0 He MernaJio eMy 6biTh, KaK Beerna, panyrnHhiM n eep -
ne<rHhiM X035IHHOM. Ero MaJieHbKHH chiHHWKa Pe1-1a, KOTO-
poro 51 3HaJI e neJieHOK (Tenepb OH MOJionoi'1 yl!eHb!H), Be-
eeJIO npbiraJI y Me!-IH Ha KOJieHHX . ~bl crrneJIH BOKpyr CTOJia,
242
IIIIJIH KOcpe, HaCT05IlUHH KOcpe, KOTOpb!H rne-TO pa3n06bJJia
1\ \ :qHrHa BJianrrcJianoBHa, rr, B OIKrrnaHHH Honoro rona, no-
Ill '\OIIbKY norJIHnbiBaJIH Ha CTO rpaMMOB, pa3JIHTbJe no eTa-
I,:IIIaM. Ho Korna pa3naJieH roJioe JleBHTaHa , nepenasas-
111 \'1'0 esonKy J1HcpOpM6IOpO, Mbl 3a6biJIH Bee Ha eBeTe 11
li y 1maJihHO sniiJIHeh B penponyKTOp. Xoporniie 6hiJIH eson-
1\ 11 , II cJiyllla5I HX, Mbl XOpOIIIO BeTpeTHJIII 1943 ron.
Heo6hrqaf1Ho nonHHJI Haiii n yx npophiB 6JioKanhr II co-
t'JliiHeHHe JleHHHrpaneKoro n BoJixoscKoro cppoHTOB . .[LJIH
11 :1' 3TO, KOHeqHO, 6hiJIO e06biTHeM OrpOMHOrO SH3<reHH51 .
N\ b! yJKe He 6b!JIH OTpe3aHhi, a BeKope naJKe yeTaHOBIIJIOeb
l lOilOJibHO CJIOJKHOe, HO BCe-TaKH «npHMOe» C006IUeHHe
t" Moer<soii .
Hallin onepaTopbi npHHHMaJIH, pa3yMeeTeH, eaMoe neH-
'I'CJihHoe y'-raeTHe n cbeMI<e 3THX eo6hiTHH. C Boifer<aMH
1\oJIXOBeKoro cppoHTa nnnraJICH Ham onepaTop A. BoropoB,
I(()TOpb!H nprrnes BTIOCJiencTBHH oqeHb HHTepeeHb!H MaTe~
p11 aJI. Do<rTH necb HaJinqHbiH coCTan onepaTopon, 6biBlllHH
11 TO BpeMH B JleHHHrpane, nnllraJie51 e BOHCKaMH JleHHH-
I'Jl anci<OrO cppOHTa. 0HH CH51JIH MHOrO BOJIHyiOIUHX KanpoB,
11 pencTaBJIHIOIUHX 6oJihrnoi1 HHTepec. K coJKaJieHHIO, 3Ta
tiOJJblllaH panocTb 6hiJia oMpaqeHa rn6eJihiO MOJionoro, no-
)l aB aniiiero 6oJihiiiHe HaneJKnhr onepaTopa AHaTOJIHH DhiCT-
pona. 5I yJKe nncaJI o6 3TQM.
B MapTe 1943 rona 5I IKeHHJICH Ha ~aprapnTe Jlasa- .
pcnHe ~yxapnHeKoli n nepeexaJI B ee KBapTiiPY Ha Dyrn-
I<IIHCKOH yJirru.e. ~hi JKHJIH nnBoeM, TaK KaK ee ponHTeJIH
yMepJIH B nepBbiH ron 6JIOKanhi, a 6paT- apXHTeKTOp
10. B. ~yxapHHCKHi1- cpasy JKe nocJie I-JaqaJia BOHHhi
yllleJI B apMHIO, H OT Hero yJKe naBHO He 6biJIO HHKaKHX
11 3BeCTHH. ~HOJ'O n03JKe Mbl ysHaJIH, qTO OH norrr6 non
CMoJieHcKoM.
B JleHHHrpane erue ocTaBaJIHCh HeKoTopbie H3 Harnrrx
!lpy3eH H BpeMeHaMH KOe-KTO H3 HHX 3a6eraJI K HaM «Ha
OI'OHeK» . fne -TO 3a OKHaMH yxaJIH T51JKeJibie opynHH, Hapa-
\'TaJI n 3aTnxaJI npo6HbiH cTyK seHHTOK, a y Hac Ha Kpyr-
JIOM CTOJie, np11 CBeTe KepOCI1HOBOH JiaMTibl (qTO-HH6ynh
11pone «JieTyqeft: MbiiiiH»), a nOTOM H 3JieKTpH<reCKOH, KIIneJI
ca Monap 11 IIIJia npyiKHaH 6ecena. CaMoBap Bo BpeMH 6Jio-
l<anhi 6biJI BeJIHKHM neJIOM. B HeM MOJKHO 6biJIO BCKHnH-
TI!Tb nonOJibHO 60JibiiiOe KOJIH<reeTnO BOnhi- qT06bi pa3-
)I<C% ero, nocTaTOqHQ 6biJIO HeMHOrO IUeTIOK ( MOIKHO 6b!JIO
pacKOJIOTh KaKoi'I-Hrr6ynh JIOMaHhiH cTyJI 11JIH em.e '-JTO-I-111 -
10* 243

6y~b B 3TOM po~e), HaKOHeU, Ha HOlib ero MOJKHO 6hiJIO
npe~saprneJibHO, KOHeliHO, 3araciiB, yKyrarh s crapbi~
O~eHJia, II K yrpy y HaC 6b!JI eCJIII He KIIriHTOK, TO ~OCT a-
TOliHO TenJiaH BO~a. 0 lieM Mbi TOJibKO He neperOBOp11JIII
3a 3TIIM CaMOBapoM, KOTOpbiH Mbl pacKOnaJIII Ha aHTpeco-
JIHX ... ToJibKO He cJie~osaJio 3a6bmarh, liTO s mo6oft: Mo-
MeHr Haw pa3rosop Mor 6hiTb npepsaH, II npnroM caMhiM
rpamlieCKHM o6pa3oM.
1\or~a 5I MbiCJieHHO B03Bpar.uaiOCb K 3THM BeliepaM,
K MHJib!M HalliiiM cep~UaM JIIO~HM, C KOTOpb!MII Mbl HX KO-
poraJIII, H npeLK~e scero scnoMnHaro 0Jihry <l>e~opoBHY
EeprroJihU.
1\aK n pH~ ~pymx nncareJieft:, HanpiiMep Bepa 1\eTJIIIH-
cKaH, HIIKOJiaft: TnxoHOB, Bepa I1H6ep n ~pyme, 0Jihra
<l>e~oposHa 6hrJia eBH3aHa c Haweft: cry~IIeft: u 6hiBaJia Ha
Heft: . 1\poMe TOfO, 5I ee, KOHeliHO, 3HaJI H no ¢poHTOBb!M
BbrerynJiei-IHHM. Tpy~Ho nepeoueHHTb ee 3HalieHIIe B Hero-
pun JieHIII-Irpa~eKoi'I 6JIOKa~hi. Ho no-Haero5!1UeMy 51 ee
Y3HaJI y Hac ~oMa, B nepsbre MeCHUbi 1943 ro~a.
Bee :;or iKe KpyrJibiH CTOJI, II caMOBap, II pe3KHH eBeT
«JieTylie11 MbllllH» ( 3JieKTpiilieeTBO OTKJI!OliiiJIII 3 a KaKIIe-TO
rpeXII ynpaBX03a), KOe-KaKaH CHe~b II3 HaliliiX BeehMa
He 06IIJibHbiX, HO yLKe He fOJIO~Hb!X naHKOB, 3a OKHOM liep-
Ha~, Henpor JIH~HaH HOlJb JieHIII-Ifpa~eKoi'I 6JioKa~bi. Crpo-
nm qepHbiH KOCTIOM, 6oJihllliie cepbre rJia3a, pychre,
He6pe1KHO 3aKIIHYThie Ha 6oK BOJIOebi, II eTIIXH . . .
5I HHKor.ua repoeM He 6biJia,
He :lKa:lK.UaJia HH cJiaBbi, HH Harpa.uhl.
JJ.hiilla O.llHHM ):(b!XaHbeM C JleHHHrpa.UOM
51 He repoiicTBosaJia, a :lKHJia. '
I1 He XBaJIIOCb 5I TeM, 'ITO B .UHH 6JIOKa.Ubl
He H3MeHHJia pa.uocTH seMHoii,
LITO KaK poca CHHJia 9Ta pa.UOCTb,
YrpioMo osapeHHaH soiiHoii .
I1 eCJIH '!eM-HH6y.Ub Mory rop,ll.l!TbC51,
To, KaK H BCe .1lPY3b51 MOll BOKpyr,
fop:lKyCb, 'ITO .llO CHX !IOp Mary Tpy.llHTbC51,
He CKJia.UbiBaH ocJia6esrnHx pyK.
fop:lKyCb , 'ITO B 9TH .llHH KaK HHI<of.Ua
Mbi sHaJIH s.uoxHoBeHHe rpy.ua. . . ' liliiMCH 3a JIIIHIIeH <lJpOHTa, B napTII3aHCKIIX 0Tp51nax liJili,
H er.ue eTIIXII. EJioK, TiylilKIIH, onHTb BJIOK. 4eKaHHhre
CTpoKII "«LI,BeHa~uarii». MbiCJIII o eueHapiiii o 6JioKane,
KOTOpbiH TaK II He 6hiJI HaniiCaH. J1 BOenOMIII-IaHIIH 0 TOll
244
''''JlBOH 6JioKane 1918-1920 ronos, o rpaLKnaHeKoi'I sofme.
1' :11<11e JKe JienHHbre HOliH, KOCTpbi Ha 6epery Heshr, r~e-ro
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249
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254 255
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I ~l 3aKa3 N• 2020 257

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II O,ll.p aLKaTb liM. 0HII UJJIII CBOHM nyTeM, IIpO,ll.OJI.IKaH pa3-
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THBHOCTbiO, H3biCKaHHOH nepe,ll.alieH piiTM3. Ho B HIIX IIOliTII
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6hrJi o He rpy.ll.HO eme II noToMy, liTO IIMeHHO B .3 TH rO.ll.bi
rrpoTecT nponm 6yp.1Kya3Hoi'l caJioHHoi'l <PoTorpa<PHII rrpii-
BeJI MHOriiX MOJIO,ll.biX <PoTorpa<PoB K KOHCTpyKTIIBII3My
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pa3H TeJ!bHOe cpe,ll.CTBO, H3YliiiJia CTpOIITh KOMII03Illl.Ill0
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ero BH,ll.eTb.
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IICKYCCTBO BeliHO» . ECJIH IIOHHM3Tb IIOCJIOBHU.Y 6yKB3JibHO,
oHa BepHa JIIIlilb npiiMeHIITeJihHO K HcKyccTBY apXHTeK-
261
 Topa, XYJJ:O)KHifKa, rrrrcaTemi. 11x rrporrsBeJJ:eHrrH yBeKo-
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THHe, B KHHre. Ho eCTb HCKYCCTBO, KOTOpOe cyw.ecTByeT
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TOJ!bKO BMeCTe CO CBOHM TBOpJJ.OM. )J,JI51 HCKYCCTBOBeJJ:OB
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pa6oTy 6e3 aCCHCTeHTCKOfO CT3)K3 6biJIO 6ecrrpeJJ.e,LJ:eHT -
KaMeHh rrpeTKHoBeHHH . KaK paccKasaTb o6 aKTepcKoM
II b[M HBJieHrreM. )J,oKasaTb pe)Krrccepy B. M . IleTpoBy,
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ll ble KYCKII. QqeHb .rroMor Ha rrepBbiX rropax orrepaTop
HIIJJ.e. EcJirr <PrrJibM 6epel!b, rrprrMeHHTb oco6bie MeTOJJ:bi
. A. BeJIHeB . B KaKOH - TO CTerreHII rroMor fopJJ:aHoBy caM
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xa paKTep KaJJ:pOB, C KOTOpb!X HaqaJIHCb C'beMKII.
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u pocTpaHCTBO. Ka)KeTcH, IJ:TO <PaTrrMa sa6JiyJJ:rrJiacb B Ka-
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' KYJibTITypbl JibBOB Ha BbiCOKIIX TIOCTaMeHT3X H JJ:eBOIJ:Ky,
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meM CBeTe 6JieCT51IJJ.He OT JJ:O)KJJ:51 JibBbi K3)KYTC51 OC06eHHO
<f>HJibMbi He coxpaHHJIHCb, H 3TO OlJeHb 33TpyJJ:H51eT HX
rp03Hb!MH II JJ:3)Ke TIO'ITII )KHBbiMH. o
aHaJirrs, a orrepaTopcKoif pa6oTbi B oco6eHHOCTH. Ho pas -
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roBop () HHX He06XOJJ:HM, H60 «IIepBbie rrpOH3BeJJ:eHH51
30BaJI CBOH <PoTorp a<PrrqecKIIH OTibiT. CoeMKII rrporrsBOJJ:II-
BCer,LJ:a 5IBJI51IOTC5I JIYliiiiHM HCTOlJHHKOM JJ:JI5I IIOHHM3HII51
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IIOCJieJJ:yiOIJJ.ero p 33BHTH51 xyJJ:O)KHHKa: 3TO BeJIHKOJieiiHeH -
poB, pacnoJio)KeHHbiX c6oKy rr B rJiy6rrHe, fop.naHoB cos.na-
IIIIIH rrs Bcex B03MO)KHbiX KOMMeHTapiieB».i K ToMy )Ke
Ba JI CBeTOBbie 6JIIIKII Ha MpaMope; KOHTpa)KypoM OCBeiJJ.~JI
rrepBbie <PrrJihMbi fopJJ:aHOBa He TOJibKO MHoroe orrpeJJ:eJIHJIH
<PrrrypKy .neiwqKrr. Heo6xo.nrrMbiH 3<P<PeKT JJ:OCTIIraJicH CKY:
B ero speJIOM TBOpqeCTBe . 0HH OCT3BIIJIH 33MeTHb!H CJieJJ:
nhiMH cpeJJ:CTBaMII. TpyJJ:HeHIIIHH rrepBbiH 3K3aMeH MOJIOJJ:OH
BO BCeH HCTOpHH COBeTCKOfO orrepaTOpCKOfO HCKYCCTB3 .
onepaTop BbiJJ:ep)KaJI c qecTb!O.
CTOJib )Ke BbipasrrTeJibHbiMH noJiyqii,:nrrcb B <P~JibMe rr
Kor.na oceHbiO 1928 ro.na HaiiaJIHCb coeMKII «A.npeca
JJ:p yrrre 3TIII30JJ:bi, CB5133HHble C JJ:eBOqKOII <f:>aTIIMOH H CTa-
JleHHHa», IIOJIO)KeHHe fop.naHOBa Ha KIIHO<Pa6pHKe 6biJIO
He rrpocTbiM . OH JJ:OJI)KeH 6biJI rrepBbiMH . )Ke Ka.npaMrr JJ:OKa -
pyx oif, KOTopyro IIrpaJia E. n. K?pqarrrHa -AJieKC3HJJ:pOB-
CK3 51. BsrJIHHHTe Ha coxpaHHBIIIHHCH Ka.np II3 <PrrJibMa.
saTb crioe rrpaBo Ha C3MOCT051TeJibHY!O pa6oTy. )J,OK333Tb
J1CTIOJib30B3B BCerO JJ:B3 rrpii6opa- OJJ:IIH CBeTIIT CHH3Y
c npaBa, .npyroli csa.rr.II cJieBa,- fopJJ:aHoB noMor aKTprrce
1
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KUHO», 1968, N2_1, ~CTp_ 109.
.no6peifiiieif «TeTII KaTII» B 6es.nyiiiHoro H3Bepra.
262
263
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KOJIO.LJ:eU., TIO.LJ:BaJI, B KOTOpOM M HBeT eTa p yxa, - Bee 3TO
6biJIO eHHTO B e.LJ:HHOM KJifOqe H TOliHO OTpaMaJIO OeHOBHY!O
MbieJib e!OMeTHOH JIHHHH <l> aTHMbl - IIpOTHBOIIOeTaBJieHHe
3a6nToro pe6eHKa H xoJIO.LJ:Horo, liY}Koro eMy r opo..a:a.
Ho B «A..a:peee JleHnHa» 6biJia H ..a:pyraH e!OMeTHaH JIH-
HHH- HeTOpHH IIHOHepeKoro OTpH.LJ:a . DHOHepbl e3.LJ:HJIH IIO
JieHHHeKHM MeeTaM, eTpOHJIH .LJ:eTeKyiO IIJIOIUa.LJ:Ky. 0HH erra-
eaJIH <l>aTHMy, 6porneHHYIO eTapyXOH H OKa3aBlllyiOeH 3a-
rrepTOH B f!O.LJ:BaJie, KOTOpbiH 3aTaiiJIHBaJia so..a:a. CaMo eo-
6oii pa3yMeeTeH, liTO eu.eHbl e IIHOHepaMH eHHMaJIHeb
B eBeTJibiX TOHaX . Ha KOHTpaeTe TelVIHOrO H eBeTJIOrO-
YXO.LJ:HIU.ero eTaporo MHpa H HOBOH , MH3HH - eTpOHJieH
<i>HJibM. . neTp osa, fop..a:aHOBa II Cynoposa- «<l>piiiJ. Bay3p». B II30-
Cy..a:H no OT3biBaM, JIHHHH rrnoHepos MeHbllle y..a:aJiaeb
fOp.LJ:aHOBy. J1 XOTH 3TH 3IIH30.LJ:bl 6biJIH eHHTbl BfiOJIHe rrpo-
<PeeeHOHaJibHO, OHH Bee-TaKH yeTynaJIH IIO Bbipa3HTeJib-
HOeTH H HallaJiy <PnJihMa, H eu.eHaM B no..a:saJie. BnpolleM,
fiHOHepeKHe 3fiH30.LJ:bl 6biJIH, BH.LJ:HMO, eJia6ee H IIO pe-
MHeeype.
«A..a:pee JleHHHa» BbillleJI Ha 3KpaHbi JieToM 1929 ro..a:a
H epa3y eTaJI O.LJ:H~M H3 eaMb!X fiOIIYJIHpHbiX .LJ:eTeKHX <PHJib-
MOB. JlyHallapeKHH Ha3BaJI KapTHHy «O.LJ:HOH H3 JIYlllliHX,
e03.LJ:aHHb!X .LJ:O eHX flOp HaUIHM KHHO».i
.UJIH fop..a:m-Iona «A..a:pee Jlemma» HMeJI oeo6oe 3Halle-
HHe: <PnJibM yTsep..a:rm ero npaso 6biTb orrepaTopoM n no-
JIOMHJI HallaJio ero MHoroJienreMy eoTpy.LJ:HHlJeeTBy e pe-
MHeeepoM B. M . DeTpOBbiM H XY.LJ:OMHHKOM H. r. Cyso-
poBbiM.
B" paeeKa3ax o HallaJie TBOplleeKoro nyTH MHomx ..a:eH-
TeJien HeKyeeTBa llaeTo BeTpellaeTeH «Be3eHHe». MoJIO.LJ:OMY
aKTepy «fiOBe3JIO» - OH IIOIIaJI B XOpOlliHH TeaTp H 6bieTpO
3asoenaJI yerrex. MoJio.LJ:oMy MY3biKaHTY «rroBe3JIO»- oH
norraJI K xoporneMy ne..a:arory H seKope noexaJI Ha MeM.LJ:Y-
Hapo.LJ:HbiH KOHKypc . MoJIO.LJ:OMY orrepaTopy «IIOBe3JIO»-
OH BeTpeTHJICH e xopornnM peMnceepoM n xy..a:oMHHKOM,
H rrepBaH Me KapTHHa OKa3aJiaCb HHTepeniOH H306pa3H-
TeJibHO. fOBOpH B TaKOM CJiyllae 0 «Be3eHHH», IIOlleMy-TO
He YliHTbiBaiOT, liTO B xopornnif TeaTp rrona..a:amr H ..a:py-
rne MOJIO.LJ:ble aKTepbi, HO yenexa OHH He 3aBOeBaJIII, lJTO
1 «CoseTCKHii 3KpaH», 1929, N2 26, cTp, 8.
264
y xopornero rre..a:arora 6hiJIII II ..a:pyme, eJia6bie, yqeimKH,
'ITO e xoporniiM peMHeeepoM pa6oTaJIII II ..a:pyme orrepa-
TOpbi, HO <i>IIJibMbi IIOJiyllaJIIIeb II306pa3IITeJibHO MeHee HH-
TCpee Hbie. 3HalJIIT, .LJ:eJIO He B «Be3eHIIII», a eCJIII H «Be3JIO»,
TO He TOJibKO H3liiiH3IOIUeMy, HO II TeaTpy, ne..a:arory, pe-
)I<IIeeepy .
M OMHO CK333Tb, liTO fop..a:aHOBY IIOBe3JIO, T3K KaK Ha
11cpsoif Me Kapnme oH BeTpeTHJieH e DeTpOBbiM II Cyso-
pOBbiM . Ho H ysepeH, lJTO He MeHbrne rrose3JIO DeTposy
11 Cysoposy . 0HH neTpeTHJIII TaJiaHTJIIIBOro orrepaTopa.
Orrep aTopa-e..a:HHOMbiWJieHHIIKa. OnepaTopa, KOTOpbiH He
I'OJibKO fiOHIIMaJI IIX II306pa3HTeJibHb!H 33MbieeJI, HO II 060-
ram aJI ero.
3TO y6e.LJ:IITeJibHO IIO.LJ:TBep.LJ:IIJia CJie.LJ:yiOIUaH KapTIIHa
6pa3IITeJibHOM IIJI3He OHa pa3BIIB3JI3 TO JIYlllllee, lJTO 6biJIO
11 aif..a:eHo B «A..a:pece JleHIIHa» .
3a..a:alla, BCT3Blli35I 3.LJ:eeb rrepe.LJ: fop..a:aHOBbiM, K3K II
nepe..a: see M KOJIJieKTIIBOM DeTposa, oKa3aJiaeb eoseeM
ne rrpoe:roif. HyMHo 6biJIO soeeo3.LJ:3Tb o6JIIIK rroeJiesoeHHOH
rep MaHIIII, o6JIIIK .LJ:OCTOBepHbiH, 6e3 TOll «pa3BeCIICTOH
KJIIOKBbl», KOTOpaH li3CTeHbKO BeTpeqaJiaeb TOr.LJ:a B <PHJib-
MaX Ha «3ana..a:HyiO» TeMy.
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MH rKOpiieyromyro orrTIIKy. Do..a:6HpaH o6'heKTHBhr, Ha..a:esaH
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265
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BaeT rrpespnTe~bHO orrymeHHbie yro~Kn ry6, Tyrroli rro~6o­
po~oK. Bcfl ~eBaH cTopoHa B r~y6oKoi1 TeRn, onero ~nuo
KaJKeTCH CH~bHO BbiTHHYTbiM. «BepTHK3~bHOCTb» ycn~eHa
~BYMfl C3MbiMH flpKIIMH IlflTH3MH B Ka~pe- KOHTpa1Kyp -
HbiM 6~HKOM Ha ~b!CHHe ll BbiCOKIIM 6e~biM BOpOTHHliKOM.
BbiTflHYTOCTh rro BepTHKa~H cTaHOBHTCH KaK 6bi oTpaJKe-
HneM BbiCOKOMepiiH H rrpespeHHfl KO BCeM, KTO «HHJKe».
3TO ITO~qepKHBaeTCH H TOlJKOH C'beMKH- HeMHOfO CHH3y,
n ·~aJKe o6pesoM Ka~pa. CTpeM~eHne 6biTh BhiUie Ha -
CTO~hKO r~aBHoe ~~H ::>Toro lie~oBeKa, liTO OH yJKe He yMe -
maeTcfl B paMKe Ka~pa, n Bepx 6~ecTHmei1 ~biCHHbi yxo-
~HT 33 Hee.
fop~aHOB He rrpOCTO _ ~HKCHpyeT BHeUIHOCTb lie~oBeKa.
OH KaK 6bi BbiBopallHBaeT ero, Bhi~e~fleT r~aBHoe B ero
mryTpeHHeli cymHocTn . OH ~aeT spnTe~IO rrollyBcTBOBaTb
CBOe OTHOUieHne K rrepCOHa:lKy. C TeM JKe capKaCTIIlieCKHM
OTHOUieHHeM, liTO H YllHTe~h, 6bWH IIOK333Hbl X03HHH IIHB-
HOH, Haqa~hHHK no~nunn, cbiill,HK, rro~nuelicKne.
CoBceM ~pyroe OTHOUieHne y orrepaTopa K repoflM rro -
~oJKnTe~bHbiM. 3~ech r~aBHYIO po~h rrrpaiOT r~asa. Or-
266
pOMHbie, IIO~Hble MYKH r~a3a MaTepn ¢pnu,a Ha H3MO)l{-
;~eH HOM ~nue. TeMHhre, rreliaJihHhie r~asa OTUa B cueHe
n TIOpbMe. EcJlii rropTpeTbi BparoB ~o~JKHhi 6hiJIH Bhi3B3Th
y spnTe~H meB n rrpe3peHne, TO rropTpeThi ceMhH Bay::>p,
)~eTe:iJ: B3b!B3~H K COCTpa~aHHIO.
fop~aHoB 6~ecTflme ncrro~h30Ba~ BO «¢pHue Bay::>pe»
cBoli ~oTorpa~nlieCKHH orrhiT. B TO JKe BpeMH «~oTorpa­
cjniqecKoe rrpOUI~Oe» IIpHBe~O H K HeKOTOpOH CT3THlJHOCTH
Ka~poB, ns~HUIHeli saKOHlJeHHOCTn nx KoMrrosnurrH:. A Be~b
pa3HHIJ,a MeJK~Y KOMII03HIJ,HeH ~OTOrpa~HH II KHHOKa~pa
uechMa cymeCTBeHHa. <PoTorpa~nH - 33KOHlJeHHoe rrpons-
ue~emre, KOMII03HUHH ee cTaTHlJHa, saBepUieHa. KoMrrosrr-
UHH KHHOKa~pa ~!!H3MllliH3 . 11 He TO~bKO 33 ClieT ~BIIJKe­
IIHH BHYTPH Ka~pa n~n ~BHJKeHHH KaMepb!. KnHoKa~p
)\O~ JKeH COlieTaTbCH, «CI~eii~5!TbCH» C ~pyrHMH Ka~paMH,
C03~aBa5! ~HH3MHlJeCKYIO KOMII03HUHIO ~H~bMa. flpn IIOk
IIOH 33BepUieHHOCTH KOMII03HUHH OT~e~bHbiX K31l.p0B ~H~bM
MOJKeT rrpeBpaTHTbCH B cepHIO 3~~eKTHbiX ~OTOrpa~HH
!! rrepecTaHeT 6biTb ~H~bMOM.
fop~aHoB He rrepeUie~ orracHoii rpaHH . Ero Ka~pbi ocTa-
~HC h Ka~paMH ~H~bMa, Ka~paMH rrpe~e~bHO Bblp33HTe~b­
llbiMH KHHeMaTorpa~HlJeCKH, XOTH H HeCKO~bKO CT3THlJ-
IlbiMH. BrrpoqeM, cniTHliHOCTh, OTCYTCTBrre pe3Koro ~BHJKe ­
IIHH 6hWH xapaKTepHbl H ~~H pelKHCcepCKOH KOHI~eiil~HH
~H~hMa. CTaTnlJHOCTb KoMrrosrrurrrr B colieTaHIIH c 3Kcrrpec-
c neli KOHTpaCTHOfO OCBelll,eHHH, rrpo~yMaHHb!e COOTHOUie-
IIHH CBeT~biX II5!TeH B r~y6HHe Ka~pa C TeMHbiM rrepe~HHM
II~ 3HOM H ~OHOM, MHfK3fl KO~e6~IOil1,35!C5! TOHa~bHOCTb rre-
pex o~OB OT CBeTa K TbMe- BCe 3TO C03~3B3~0 3TMOC~epy
II3IIpH1KeHHOCTH H IIO~aB~eHHOCTH.
11, rro-Brr~rrl'IJoMy, fleTpoB, fop~aHoB n CyBopoB He-
CKO~hKO yB~eK~HCb rr liepecliyp cryCTrr~rr KpacKrr. He~a­
poM KpHTHKH, B u,e~OM OIJ,eHHBUIHe ~H~bM IIO~OlKHTe~bHO,
11.PY1KHO OTMeqa~H B HeM HeKOTopyiO MpaliHOCTb H ~aJKe
6ecrrpocBeTHOCTb. He.napoM fleTpoBy rrprrUI~Ocb orrpaB,nhr-
Ba TbCH, fOBOpH, liTO 3TO ~H~bM He ~mi ~eTeH, a ll.~H
us poc~biX.
«<Ppnu Bay3p» 6bm BaJKHhiM 3TarroM B TBOplieCTBe
fop ~aHOBa H, 6e3yC~OBHO, ~YlilliHM HeMbiM ~H~bMOM KO~­
~eKTHBa B. M. fleTpoBa. c~e~yiOill,HH ~ll~bM- «fl~o­
THHa » - OK333~C5! BO MHOfOM lll3fOM H333~.
3TO yJKe 6bW ~H~bM ~~H B3pOC~biX H 0 B3pOC~biX.
B ocHoBy ero ~er ~elicTBnTe~bHbiH ~aKT- H3MeHeHrre
207
 rrocJie rraBo.n;Ka pycJia .llHecTpa, no KOTopoMy npoxo,n;uJia
Tor,n:a rpaHHIJ:a Me2K.n;y CCCP H PyMhiHHer1, rpo3HJIO oT-
pe3aTb Y'IaCTOK • coBeTcKoro 6epera. I'\oJIX03 HHKH BMecTe
C KpaCHOapMeHIJ;aMH B TH2KeJiblX yCJIOBHHX nOCTpOHJIH nJIO-
THHY H cnaCJIH CBOH 3eMJIH.
I(apTHHa nOlJTH IJ;eJIHKOM CHHMaJiaCb Ha HaType . )J:JIH
fop.n;aHOBa OHa CTaJia IIIKOJIOH CbeMKH HaTypbi, OnbiTOM
nepeHeCeHHH Ha HaTypy npHHIJ;HIIOB, npHHHTbiX riM
, ,ll;JIH naBHJibOHHblX CbeMOK I1 npOBepeHHbiX Ha «<lJpHIJ;e
Bay3pe».
ITeTpoB nocTpOHJI <f>HJibM KaK IJ;enb no3THl!eCKHX 3nH-
30.LJ:OB, KaK KHHOn03My 0 Hapo.n;HOM nO,IJ;BHre. MHOflle 3IIH-
30.LJ:bi ObiJIH HHTepecHbi no H3o6pa3HTeJibHOMy peiiiemno.
CHHTbie B nypry CIJ;eHbi npoJiora - nepexo.n; OTl£3HBIIII1XCH,
pa3opeHHbiX 6eccapa6CKHX KpecTbHH l!epe3 rpaHHIJ:Y B co-
BeTcKyiO MoJI.n:aBHIO- pe3KO KOHTpacTHpoBaJIH c coJIHel£ -
HbiMH nei1:3a2KaMI1 KOJIX03HbiX IIOJieH, B KOTOpbiX Ol!eHb
y.n;aJiocb orrepaTopy omymeHHe 3HOHHoro I02KHoro JieTa.
Ho oT,n:eJibHbie xopoiiine 3nH30.LJ:bi H Ka,n;pbr He cnacaJIH
<f>HJibMa. CxeMaTHl!HOCTb 11 a6cTpaKTHOCTb repoeB, HeqeT-
KOCTb ,n:paMaTyprHH, pa3HOCTI1JibHOCTb B peiiieHHII OT,IJ;eJib -
HbiX KyCKOB - Bee 3TO IIpiiBeJIO K Hey,n;aqe. «fiJIOTI1H3»
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<PHJibM «BerJieiJ;» no nhece K..
BnT<f>oreJIH «Tpare.n;HH
ceMn TeJie<f>oHHbiX pa3roBopoB» 6biJI crrJIOIIIHbiM 3Kcrrepn-
MeHTOM. I1 ,IJ;JIH ciJ;eHapncTa M. IO. BJieliMaHa, n .LJ:JIH pe-
2KHccepa ITeTpoBa no 6biJI rrepBbiH 3ByKoBoli <f>HJibM,
nepBaH IIOnbiTKa C03,ll;3HHH KHHOHOBeJIJibl (B <fJHJibMe BCero
TPH qacTH), rrepBbiH OIIbiT KHHeMaTorpa<f>IIqecKoli «MOHO -
.n:paMbi».
B O,IJ;HOM H3 BapHaHTOB CIJ;eHapHH M . BJieliMaH nHcaJI:
«Co6biTIIH rrpoiicxo.n;HT HOqbiO. Ey.n;eT coBepiiieHHO TeMHO.
3ByKH n IIIYMbr .n:a.n;yT rroHHTHe o npoiicxo,n:HmeM ... » CIJ;eHa-
PIIli .n;elicTBHTeJibHO CTpoHJICH IJ;eJIIIKOM Ha 3ByKax- roJioc
penpo.n;yKTopa, pa3rOBOpbr n o TeJie<f>oHy, MY3 hi K a. CJio2K-
HOCTb 3BYKOBbiX CbeMOK, OT CYTCTBIIe OIIbiTa 3aCTaBIIJIH
B. ITeTpoBa BMecTe c EJi eliMaHoM nepecTpOHTb ciJ;eHapiili.
)J:paMaTypriiqecKaH II IICIIXOJIOfHqecKaH Harp y3Ka B 3Ha-
qHTeJibHOH CTerreHH ObiJi a rr ep eHeceH a c o 3B yKa Ha II3 o6pa-
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.Ll:3HOBbiM, trTo «BerJieiJ:» 6brJI He rrepBoli 3BYKOBOJ1, a rro-
CJJe.n;Heli HeMoli KapTHHOH KOJJJJeKTH B a ITeTpona .
268
E biJJO B :noli KapTHHe H rrpHHIJ:HIIHaJJbHO HOBoe .
C Jio2KHaH rrcHXOJIOrHtrecKaH cuTyaiJ:HH, B KOTopoli Haxo-
JiiiJICH repoli <f>HJibMa, He II03BOJI5IJI3 pemaTb o6pa3 CTa-
1'11 '-leCKHMH IIJI3H3MII, TOJibKO H300p33HTeJibHblMH cpe,n;-
(" f'B3 MH. TyT HY2KHbi ObiJIH rrpe2K.n;e ncero cpe.n;cTBa aKTep-
("I<IIe, a H3o6pa2KeHIIe rroJiytraJio HOBYIO 3a,n:al£y- ,n:oHeCTII
/ iO 3pi1TeJIH Bee TOHKOCTII 3KTepCKOH Hfpbi.
Ho II trHCTO H3o6pa3HTeJibHbr"e 3a,n:aqH B «EerJieiJ;e» 6biJIH
11 c rrpocTbiMH. CHoBa Ha.n;o 6hrJio CHHMaTb fepMaHHIO, rro-
t"rp oeHHYIO B rraBHJibOHe. )J:eHer Ha KHHOHOBeJIJIY ,n:aJIH
M 3 JIO, II, qTOObi He CTpOHTb CJI02KHbiX ,IJ;eKopaiJ;HIT, peiiiHJIH
C03.LJ:3Tb oqeHb o6o6meHI-rhrrr, He,n:eTaJIH3IIpoBaHHbiH o6JIHK
r op o.n:a.
<lJHJibM CTpOHJICH B OCHOBHOM Ha r<pyiiHbiX IIJiaHaX rJiaB-
IIOro repoH, KOTOporo nrpaJI rrpeBOCXO.LJ:HbiH ar<Tep
r. M. MnqypHH. OH .LJ:OJI2KeH ObiJI y6e.n;HTeJibHO Cb!rpaTb H
'JJ0 2KHbie omymeHHH qeJJOBeKa, BbipBaBIIIefOCH H3 TIOpbMbl,
H CTpax rrepe,n; HOBbiM apeCTOM, H KOJieOaHHH nepeir, IIpHHH-
THe M HeJiefKOfO OKOHqaTeJJbHOfO peiiieHHH. I1 IIpH BCeM
'lTOM 6hiJia Macca TeXHIIqecKHX TPY.LJ:HOCTeli. MaJiaH rJiy-
6IIH a pe3KOCTII IICIIOJib30B3HHOfO fop,n;aHOBb!M ,ll;JIIIHHO<flo-
KYCHOfO otheKTIIBa Tpe6oBaJia oqeHb ToqHoro .LJ:BH2KeHHH-
aKTep Bee BpeMH ,n:oJIJ:KeH ObiJI ocTaBaTbCH B 30He pe3KO-
CTH. A H3-3a HecoBepiiieHCTBa 3Byr<o3arrncii (II cJIOBa
a rnepa, 11 IIIYM TOJIIIbi, H opr<ecTp 33IIHChiBaJIH o.n;HoBpe-
MeHHO co CbeMKoli) HY2KHO ObiJIO corJiacoBbiBaTb .LJ:BII2KeHHe
He TOJibKO C K3Mepoli, HO II C MHKpO<fJOHOM, II .C II3JIOqKOH
.LJ:II pH2Kepa.
Muqypii!-I H3IIHC3JI B CBOHX BOCnOMHH3HHHX: « ... OOJib-
lliYIO IIOMOmb B rrpeO,IJ;OJieHHII 3THX TeXHIIqeCKIIX CJI02KHO-
CTeH MHe oKa3aJI orrepaTop B. B. fop,n;aHoB. OH He TOJibKO
rropa3IIJI MeHH TeM, 'ITO Bee KpyrrHbre rrJiaHbi (peiiiaiOmne
B 3 TOM <fJHJibMe) OH CHHMaJI, OCBemaH O.LJ:HHM HCTOqHHKOM H
.LJ:O OHB35ICb npH 3TOM rropai:KaiOmerr CTepeOCKOnHqHOCTH, HO
H TeM, K3K JiefKO H ,IJ;a2Ke pa,ll;OCTHO IIIeJI H3BCTpeqy MOeMy
arnepCKOMY CTpeMJieHHIO no,n;eJIHTbCH CBOHMH Mb!CJIHMH H
COMHeHHHMH».i
HecMOTpH Ha CBOH cK'poMHbie pa3Mepbr, «EerJieiJ;» noJiy-
LIIIJI Ky.n;a 6oJibiiie OT3biBOB, qeM noJIHOMeTpa2KHaH «ITJio-
THH a». MHeHHH KPHTHKH pa3,n:eJIHJIHCb . EbiJIH peiJ;eH3HH,
1 C6. «l-'!3 ucroprm «JleH<jll!JibMa». Bbirr. I. JI., «HcKyccrBo», 1968,
crp. 64.
269
I
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.Umi rop.rr.aHoBa, K3K H )J.JI5I Bcero KOJIJieKTHBa B. ne-
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3Tana TBopqecKoil 6rrorpa¢rrrr .
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pOCTKH HOBOI'O- npe)K)J.e BCero B HOBOM nO)J.XO)J.e K aKTepy,
K noKa3y aKTepCKOH HI'pbi. I1 K3K BO BC5IKOM 3aBeprneHHH ,
s.rr.ecb 6biJIH .rr.oBe.rr.eHbi .rr.o npe.rr.eJia H HeKOTOpbre xapaKTep-
Hbre qepTbi :nana yxo.rr.mn.ero. ATMoc¢epa HanpH)KeHHOCTH
H no.rr.aBJieHHOCTH 6biJia cryiii.eHa B «EerJie~e» eiii.e 6oJibrue,
qeM Bo «<f>prr~e Eay3pe» .
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.rr.eJibHOH )KHBOnHcHoii Bbipa3HTeJibHOCTH ¢oHa. Ho TOJibKO
)KHBOnHCHbiH, 0606III.eHHbiH noKa3 ¢oHa, o6cTaHOBKH .rr.eil-
CTBH5! H30JIHpOBaJI rep05! OT OKpy)KeHH5I, no.rr.qepKHBaJI ero
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qecKOe, 06'be)J.HHeHHe JIIO,UeiJ:, O)J.HHaKOBO nOHHM aiOIII.HX
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Cos.rr.aHHe nocTOHHHbiX TBopqecKHX KOJIJieKTHBOB- Hp-
Ka5I H ()qeHb Ba)!{Ha5! qepTa nepBblX JieT COBeTCKOI'O KHHO .
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rtteCTBJieHH5! tex H)J.eH KOJIJieKTHBH3Ma, KOTOpb!MH )KHJIO
COBeTCKOe 06III.eCTBO B 20-e I'O)J.bl.
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nepeXO)J.5IIlJ.a5I H3 KapTHHbl B KapTHHy, 6biJia pe)J.KHM HCKJIIO-
qemieM. B coBeTCKOM KHHO 3TO cTaJio rrpaBHJIOM.
O.rr.HH sa .rr.pyrnM rroHBJIHIOTCH B 20-e ro)J.bi raKHe KOJI -
JieKTHBbi. B MocKBe- KOJIJieKTHB pe)KHCcepa C. 3ilseH -
rnTeilHa H orrepaTopa 3. Tncc3; pe)KHCcepa B. ny.rr.oBKHHa,
onepaTopa A. foJIOBHH H xy.rr.o)KHHKa C . I\osJioncKoro,
B JleHHHrpa.rr.e-pe)KHCCepoB r. I\03HH~eBa H JI . Tpay6epra,
onepaTopa A . MocKBHHa, xy.rr.o)KHHKa E. Em~H ; pe)Knccepa
E . l:lepBHKoBa, onepaTopa C . EeJI5IeBa H xy.rr.o)KHHKa
270
... MeilHKHHa; pe)Knccepa <I>. 3pMJiepa H onepaTopa
E. MrrxailJioBa; B !\HeBe- pe)Knccepa A . .UoB)KeHKO H
orrep aTOpa ,U. ,UeMy~KOI'O .
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THB aMH e)J.HHOMblillJieHHHKOB, 3HTY3H3CTOB, .rr.pyseH .
B. T . 5IKOBJieB - accHCTeHT onepaTopa Ha «<f>prr~e Eay3pe»
11 BTOpOH onepaTOp «0JIOTHHbi» - paccKa3biB3JI MHe: <~B pa-
60Te y HaC rJiaBHOe 6biJIO- nOHCK, BeqHOe 6ecnOKOHCTBO,
o.rr.e p)KHMOCTb, HaCTOHIII.aH TBopqecKaH B33HMOCBH3b. OoHH-
MaJI H .rr.pyr .rr.pyra C IIOJIYCJIOB.3. I1 IIOCJie pa60Tbl cpasy H~
paCCTaBaJIHCb. IliJIH BeqepOM CO C'beMKH qepes I\HpOBCKHH
MOCT Bee BMeCTe. rop.rr.aHOB qnTaJI HaM CTHXH- EJIOKa, AH-
I!eH CKOI'O .. . »
I1HTepec K II033HH, K MY3b!Ke 6biJI He CJiyqaeH B KOJI-
JieKTHBe OeTpoBa. EcJIH MO)KHO roBopHTb o no3THqecKoM H
np 033!1lieCKOM HarrpaBJieHHH B COBeTCKOM KHHO TeX JieT,
TO ¢HJibMbi OeTpoBa, KOHeqHo, 6biJIH 6JIH)Ke HanpaBJieHHIO
II03THqecKOMY .
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OXB 3TbiBaeT T3KHe pa3HOpO)J.Hble XY)J.O)KeCTBeHHbie 5!BJie-
!! HH , K3K MOHyMeHT3JlbHb!e KHH03IIOIIeH 3ilseHWTeHHa, po-
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:n rrqeCKHM MOHT3)!{0M K3)J.pOB, CHHTblX IIOqTH XpOHHK3JibHO.
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np nMeqaTeJibHbiM H IIJIO.LI.OTBOpHbiM HBJieHHeM. Ho nprr ncex
OTJIHqH5JX B CTHJie, B npHeMaX pa60Tbi OT)J.eJibHb!X OIIepa-
TO pOB, MO)KHO Jiei'KO Bbi)J.eJIHTb )J.Ba OCHOBHb!X HanpaBJie-
I!H H )J.Be «WKOJ!bl» B COBeTCKOM orrepaTOpCKOM HCKYCCTBe
nTOfWH noJIOBHHbi 20 - x - HaqaJia 30-x ro,noB . O.rr.Hy WKOJiy
271
oob!IJHO Ha3biBaJIH H Ha3hiBaJOT KOHCTPYKTHBHoli, rpaqmiJe·
cKoli, .upyry10- )KHBOIIHCHoli, cseTOTOHaJibHoli. Cyme·
CTsyeT eme 11 «reorpaqmqecKaH» TepMHHOJIOrHH- MO·
CKOBCKaH Il JieHHHrpa,UCKaH il!KOJ!bi.
OrrepaTOpbi MOCKOBCKoli, rpaqmqecKoli lliKOJibi, Ka K rrpa -
BHJIO, CTpOHJIIl Il30opa)KeHHe ITO 3aKOHaM JIHHeHHOH rrep -
CIIeKTilBbi, B orpaHH 1IeHHOH TOHaJibHOH raMMe, C OTIJeTJIH·
BbiM, pe3KHM KOHTypoM Ka)K_noro ooneMa B H3oopa)KeHHH .
OrrepaTopbi JieHHHrpa.ucKoli, )KHBorrncHoli lliKOJibi CTpOHJIH
Il30opa)KeHHe Ha IIOJIYTOHaX, C MHfKHMH, paciiJibiBIJaTbiMil
KOHTypaMH, C HCIIOJ!b30BaHHeM CBeTOBbiX IIHTeH, C B03.UYlll·
HOli, a He JIHHeliHoli rrepcrreKTHBOli.
He HY)KHO .uyMaTb, IJTO MOCKOBCKHe 11 JieHHHrpa.ucKHe
OIIepaTOpbi paooTaJIH H30JIHpOBaHHO, lJTO Te IlJIH HHbie
CTHJIHCTHIJeCKHe cpe.UCTBa ObiJIH Hascer.ua «rrpnrrncaHbi» TOM
HJIH .upyroli iliKOJie. HarroMHIO xoTH obi 3HaMeHIITbiH JIHpH-
·qecKHli, IIO,UJIHHHO )KHBOIIHCHblll 3IIH30.R o_neCCKilX TyMaHOB
B «DpOHeHOCIJ,e «f10TeMKHI-Ie», CHHTOM O,UHHM 113 TaJiaHTJIH-
BeHlliHX rrpe.uCTaBJITeJieli rpaqmqecKoli lliKOJibi 3 . Tncc3.
He HY)KHO TaK)Ke rrpe.ucTaBJIHTb .ueJio rrpHMHTHBHO n cqn-
TaTb, lJTO BCe COBeTCKHe OIIepaTOpbi IIpHHa,UJie)KaJIH K O,U·
noli H3 3THX .usyx il!KOJI. Ha YKpanHe B KOHIJ,e 20-x ro.uos
HaiJaJI paooTaTb 3aMeiJaTeJibHbili orrepaTop .IT. . .IT.eMyiJ,KHli,
CHHMasnmli <jJHJibMbi A . .IT.oB)KeHKO. Do-csoeMy HHTepecHo
CHHMaJIJI Il HeKOTOpbie . orrepaTOpbi, HalJHHaBil!He eill,e B ,UO-
peBOJIJOIJ,IlOHHOM KHHO. Ho sce-TaKH pa3BHTHe orrepaTop-
cKoro IlCKYCCTBa B 3TH fO,Ubi orrpe,UeJIHJIOCb B OCHOBHOM
paooTaMJI MOJIO,UbiX orrepaTOpOB JieHHHrpa,UCKOH H MOCKOB-
CKOH il!KOJI.
EcJIJI JICTOKH MOCKOBCKoli lliKOJibi HY)KHO JICKaTb B KH-
HoxpoHJIRe, ll3 KOTOpofr IIplliliJIH MHOrHe Be.Uyili,He MOCKOB-
CKHe orrepaTOpbi, TO HCTOKH JieHJIHrpa,UCKOH IliKOJ!bi-
B )KllBOIIJICH, B <jJoTorpa<jJnH. EcJin B B03HHKHOBeHHH MO-
CKOBCKOH lliKOJibi ooJibiliYJO pOJib CbirpaJio Bbr_naJOmeecH
MaCTepCTBO 3. I\. THCC3, TO B JleHJmrpa.ue TaKyJO )Ke pOJib
CbrrpaJio He MeHee Bbi.U a JOmeecH MaCTepcTBo A. H . Mo-
CKBHHa, KOTOpbiH IIpHHeC B IIaBHJ!bOHbi «CeB3aiiKHHO» Bbi·
COKYJO <jJoTorpa<jJHIJeCKYJO Il oomyJO KYJibTypy, 6e3yKopH3-
HeHHbiH BKyc, rrpesocxo.uHoe 3HaHne TeXHHKH. C MocKBH-
HbiM IIplliliJia B KllHO poMaHTillJeCKaH <jJOTOrpacpllH .
f1pHMeHHB B KHHO HaH,UeHHbiH eme B «<jJOTOrpacpnqe-
CKHH» rrepHO.U MeTO.U CBeTOBbiX IIHTeH, MOCKBHH pa3paoo-
TaJI HOBbie He TOJ!bKO ,UJIH COBeTCKOfO, HO H .RJIH M HpOBOfO
272
ICHHO rrpnHIJ,HIIbi .unnaMHIJecKoro KHHoocsemeHHH. MocKBHH
l!epBbiM IIOHHJI 3HalJeHHe « B03.UyXa» B Ka,Upe I_.I
CTaJI il!HpOKO IIOJ!b30BaTbCH rrpHeMaMH B03.UYiliHOH
nepcrreKTHBbi. Ho eme ooJiee Ba)KHO obiJIO TO, IJTO
MocKBHH rroCTaBHJI Hali.ueHHbie HM rrpHeMbi Ha cJiy)Koy
J~p aM'aTyprHH <jJHJibMa, pe)KHCCepCKOMY 3aMbiCJiy, OH Hal!aJI
CHHMaTb He OT,UeJibHbie 3cpcpeKTHbie Ka,Upbi, a <jJJIJibM KaK
e.unaoe IJ,eJioe. <l>HJibMbi MocKBHHa «lllnaeJib», «CB.IT.»,
«HOBbiH BaBHJIOH» oKa3aJIH pelllaJOmee BJIHHHHe aa <jJop-
MHposaaue H pa3BHTHe JieHHHrpa,UCKOH iliKOJ!bi. )lpyrne
orrep aTOpbi IIO-CBOeMy, HCXO,UH H3 liHbiX ,UpaMaTy prlil!eCKHX
3a,Ual!, liCIIOJ!b30BaJIH MOCKBHHCKJie IIplleMbi. Ho Il B JIIlpli-
qecKHX <jJHJibMax orrepaTopa C. l3eJIHeBa «.IT.esyil!Ka c .ua-
JieKoli peKH» u «Moil CbiH», u B rrcnxoJIOrHIJeCKHX obiTOBbiX
JJ,paMaX «KaTbKa -l3yMa)KHbiH paHeT» Il « f1apH)KCKlill
c aiiO)KHHK», cHHTbiX E. MnxaliJIOBbiM, ObiJIH xopolllo Bli.UHbi
OCH OBHbie rrp liHI.I,liiibi JieHHHrpa,UCKOH 'iliKOJibl.
fop.uaaos rrpHllleJI Ha CTY.UHJO B 1928 ro.uy. Eme 3aHH-
MaHCb B <l>OTOKliHOTeXHHKyMe, OH BHHMaTeJibHO CJie,UHJI 3a
rroucKaMn MocKBHHa H ero TOBapumeli. 3HaJI fop.uaHoB
H paoOTbi M OCKOBCKHX orrepaTOpOB, HO CTHJIHCTHKa Mo·
CKBHHa H l3eJIHeBa obiJia eMy oJIH)Ke, oOJibllle cooTBeTCTBO-
BaJi a ero xy,UO)KeCTBeHHbiM IIpliBH3aHHOCTHM, ero <jJOTOrpa-
cp uqecKOMY OIIbiTy. 3Ta CTHJIHCTHKa OTBel!aJia H TBOpl!e-
CKIIM HHTepeca M DeTposa H C y soposa.
BoT rrol!eMy rrepsaH )Ke KapTHHa rroiW3aJia, l!TO fop.ua-
HOB - JieHHHrpa.ucKHH orrepaTop, a «<I> pHil, l3ay3p» H «l3er-
JieiJ,» CT aJIH THIIH'!Hb!MH <jJHJib M a MH JieimHrpa,UCKOH IliKOJ!bl,
li o HliX He 3aObiBaJili yrrOMHHYTb rrpH JIJOOOM rrepe'IHCJieHliH
ee .uocTH)Keimi1 aa rrepBoM, «HeMOM», 3Tarre. l3oJibllle
Toro- y)Ke B aaqaJie 30-x ro.uos fop.uaHOBa CTaJIH Ha3bi·
BaTh «O,UHHM li3 pyKOBO,UHTeJieH JieHHHrpa,UCKOH iliKOJibi».
B Tpy.ua x ITO HCTOpliH COBeTCKOfO KHHO cpliJibMbl f1e·
Tposa , fop.uaHoBa H Cysoposa Tex JieT qacTo HMeHyJOTCH
«3KcrrpeccHOH!ICT!I'!ecKHMII», TaK )Ke I<aK 11 <jJHJibMbi Ko3 nH-
IJ,eBa u Tpay6epra u .ua)Ke 3pMJiepa ( «0oJIOMOK nMrrepnn» ).
DoHBHJICH KpHTHIJeCKHli il!TaMrr, KOTOpbiM rroJib3Y JOTCH rro -
IJTH aBTOMaTHIJeCKH. H. AopaMOB, aarrpuMep, rrullleT: «YBJieK-
lliHCb HeOObllJHOH Bblp a3HTeJibHOCTb!O <jJHJibMOB IIOCJieBO·
eHHOH fepMai-IHH, rpyrrrra JieHHHrpa.ucKHX KliHeMaTorpa-
cpHCTOB BO rJiaBe C TaJiai-!TJIHBbiM KpHTHKOM H KliHOBe,UOM
A.upnaHOM nnoTpOBCKHM IIOIIbiTaJiaCb rrepeHeCTH MeTO,Ubl
KIIH03KCIIpeCCliOHH3Ma B CBOJO paooTy». I1 ,UaJibille: «Pe·
273
2Kuccep BJia,lJ,HMHp I1eTpos csoli ¢HJibM «<l>pHil, Day
3p» peiiiHJI B OTKpOBeHHO 3KCrrpeCCHOHHCTHqeCKOtl 'f(' \
HHKe». 1
nhiJIO JIH 3TO Ha caMOM ,neJie? KaKIIe BJIHHHHH 6~>1Jlll
B ¢uJihMax I1eTposa? KaK OHH coOTHOCHJIHCb c 3Kcrrpcct'll
OHH3MOM B006IIJ,e H HeMeiJ,KHM KHH03KCrrpeCCIIOHII3MOM
B qaCTHOCTII? 5J 33)1,3JI 3TH BOITpOCbl Herrocpe,nCTBeiiiii•I M
«BIIHOBHIIK3M»- B . rop,naHoBy, H. Cysoposy, B. 511<011
Jiesy. Bee OHII B o,niiH roJioc 3aHBHJIH: HeMeiJ,KHe 3KCITJH'l'
CHOHHCTHqecKHe tPHJibMbl HIIK3KOfO BJIII5IHII5I Ha HX pa60TY
He OKa3aJIH. EcJIII II 6brJio BJIIIHHIIe, TO 3TO 6biJIO BJIII5llllll'
HeMeiJ,KIIX xy,no:>KHIIKOB, B rrepsyro oqepe,nh- rpa¢rmon .
BoT qTo rosopiiJI B. M. I1eTpOB B 1939 ro.ny: «Ha Hill'
.neiicTBOBaJio TBopqecTBO K3Te KoJihBHIJ, II ,npyriix peBOJIH>
Il,IIOHHbiX xy,no:>KHIIKOB TOfO rrep1I0)1,3» .2 06 3TOM :JKe Mill'
cKa3aJI II Cysopos B 1969 ro.ny: «DbiJIO BJIIIHHHe xy,noil{llll
KOB- UHJIJie, KoJibBIIIJ,. )lJI5I MeHH B ocHOBHOM- UHJIJil'.
K3;3 KoJibBHIJ, MOrJia rroBJIIIHTb Ha rropTpeT, Ha cseT, a 1111
rreugam, ,neKopaiJ,IIIO, KOCTIOM- UIIJIJie». 11 eme Cysopon
CK33aJI, qTO )l,eJiaJIOCb 3TO C03HaTeJibHO: «LlT06bi ITOK3 3 11'1 1>
CTpaHy, B KOTOpOH HIIKOf)l,a He 6biJI, HY)J{HO H)l,TH :111
JIIO)l,bMII, KOTOpbie ee XOpOIIIO 3HaiOT».
Db!JIH K3Te KoJibBIIIJ,, feHpiiX UIIJIJie, reopr fpOCl',
OTTo HareJib 3KcrrpecciiOHIICTaMII? Borrpoc 3TOT CJio:>I<Ilhli'l,
,naJieKo He .no KOHIJ,a II3yqeHHbiH IICKyccTBOBe,neHIIeM. Bo
BCHKOM cJiyqae B IIX rrocJiesoenHOM TBOP'IeCTBe (y KoJII,
BIIIJ,, HarrpiiMep, B cepiiii rpasrop «BoliHa»- 1923 ro;~)
ITOHBIIJIIICb HeKOTOpble MOTIIBbl, C6JIII1KaiOIIJ,IIe IIX C ::1 1<!'
rrpeCCIIOHIICTaMII.
Ho BOT qTo oco6eHHO IIHTepecHo . Qqesii,nHo, MOII<IIn
HaHTII o6mee B orrepaTopcKoli TpaKTOBKe «<l>piiiJ,a Bay.3pa
c pa6oTaMII KoJibBIIIJ,- o6 3TOM y6e,niiTeJibHO rosop51T 11
coxpaHIIBIIIIIeCH Ka,npbr II3 ¢1IJibMa. Ho o6mee He c rrocJil'
BOeHHbiMII rpaBIOpaMII Ha ,nepeBe, a C JIHTOrpa¢1I5IMH II 1
cepiiii «BoccTaHIIe TKaqerr», cog,naHHoli K3Te Ko.nbHIIIl
llbie cBeToTeHeBbre KOMIT03Hll,HH. KoHTpacTHoe cseTosoe
peiiieHHe, 3HaKOMbiH HaM rrpHHil,HIT «CBeTOBOfO IT5ITH3» B CO-
LJeT aHHH C MHfKOCTbiO JIHTOrpa4JC!<OfO IIITpiiXa- BOT OC-
HOBHbie rrpiieMbi KoJibBHIJ, B 3THX JIIICTax. B TaKoli me
MaHepe BbiiTOJIHeHbl II rropTpeTbi rrpoJieTapCKIIX :JKeHIIJ,HH
1900-1910 fO)l,OB. [JI5I)1,5I Ha HIIX, HeBOJibHO BCITOMHHaeiiib
rropTpeTbr fop,naHosa BO «<l>piiiJ,e Bay3pe», oco6eHHO rrop-
TpeT MaTepH <l>piiiJ,a. 1
LITo :JKe KacaeTCH KHH03KcrrpecciioHH3Ma, TO rosopiiTb
0 KaKOM-TO BJIH5IHHH Ha tPHJibMbl f1eTpOBa H fop,naHOBa
TaKHX KapTIIH, KaK «Ka6HHeT ,noKTopa KaJIIIrapii», c IIX
ITOJ!Hb!M OTpbiBOM OT peaJibHOCTH, KOHeqHO, He llp1IXO)l,IITC5I.
CKopee MO:JKHO 6b!JIO 6bi BCITOMHHTb peaJIHCTIIqeCKHe He-
MeiJ,KIIe ¢IIJibMbi, HarrpiiMep, «De3pa.nocTHbiH rrepeyJIOK»
pemiiccepa f. f1a6cTa II orrepaTopa f. 3e6epa HJIH «f10-
CJie)l,HHH qeJioBeK» pe:ilmccepa <P. MypHay II orrepaTopa
K. <Ppoll:H,na. J1yqiiiiie HeMeiJ,KHe orrepaTopbr so BTopoli rro-
JIOBHHe 20-X fO)l,OB C03)1,3JIII CBOH CTIIJ!b CbeMKH «KaMep-
HbiX ,npaM», OTJIHIIaiOIIJ,HHC5I ,npaMaTIIqeCKIIM IICITOJib30B3-
IIHeM cseTa, paKypca, ,nBII:JKeHHH KaMepbr. Ho HY:JKHO yqH-
TbiB3Tb, qTo Ha COBeTCKHX 3KpaHaX 3TH tPHJibMbl IT05IBHJIHCb
y:JKe ITOCJie TOfO, KaK 6biJIII ITOCTaBJieHbl «M3Tb», «LlepTOBO
KOJieCO», «lliiiHeJib».
0Tqero :JKe )1,0 CHX rrop fOBOp5IT 06 «3KCITpeCCIIOHH3Me»
MOJIO)l,b!X JieHHHrpa,nCKIIX KIIHeMaTorpa¢1ICTOB, B qaCTHO-
CTH KOJIJieKTHBa B. I1eTposa? I1piiqJ1H g,necb HeCKOJibKO.
O,nHa H3 HHX qifcTo TepMHHOJiomqecKaH.
3KcrrpecciiOHH3M- BITOJIHe orrpe,neJieHHOe xy,no:JKecT-
BeHHOe TeqeHHe, B03HIIKIIIee B fepMaHIIH He3a)l,OJ!f0 )1,0
rrepsoH: MHposoll: BOHHbi. 3To 6brJio 6oJibHOe IICKyccTBO,
«HCKyccTBo o,nnocToponHero YJibTpapoMaHTIIqecKoro sonJIH
B COIJ,IIaJibHOM rrpOCTpaHCTBe». 2 3KcrrpeCCHOHHCTbi cqHTaJIH
CBOeH IJ,eJibiO Bbi5IBJieHHe «CKpbiTOH tPII3HOHOMHH BeiiJ,eH» ll
1 Hn B KOeM CJiyqae HeJib351 Cql!T3Tb, qro Ka,D,pb!, B KOTOpb!X MO)KHO

B 1893-1897 f0)1,3X, KOf)l,a .9KCITpeCCIIOHII3Ma H B ITOMIIIIl'

HaiiTH qra-To o6rn;ee c rrpneMaMH K.
KoJihBHIJ,, 6hiJIH CHHTbi rrou Herro-
cpeucrseHHbiM BJIHHHHeM ee pa6oT. 13oJiee TOfO, B CBOHX BOCIIOMHH3HIIHX
He 6biJIO! B. fopJI,aHOB crreiJ,IIaJibHO orosap!!Baer, qTo c pa6oraM!I K.
KoJihBHIJ, OH
B .3THX JIHTOrpa¢IIHX c oco6oli CHJIOH rrpoHBHJIOl'h Il03H3KOMHJICH B C3MOM KOHIJ,e C'beMOK «¢pHil,3 13ay3pa» ll 06'bHCI·I51eT
y,niiBIITeJibHOe yMeHHe xy,nO:JKHHil,bl C03)1,aBaTb Bblpa3!1H'JI I> «HeKOTOpyiO 06ID;HOCTb OTJI,eJibHb!X H31llHX KaJI,pOB C rrpOH3BeJI,eHII51MH
neMeiJ,KHX xyuo)KH!IKOB, B oco6eHHOCTII K::~re KoJibBHIJ,. . . OJI.HHaKOBbiM
IIOJI,XOJI,OM K IIOCT3HOBKe TBOpqeCKOH 3aJI,aqn (IlOCTOHHHO yHH)K3eMbie,
1 C6. «3KcrrpeccnoHH3M». M ., «HayKa», 1966, crp. 151-152. OCKOp6JI5!eMble, o6e3JI,OJieHHble ,ijJOJI,H) II ee pellleHHIO ... »
2 13. 13 p o .D: H H c K H ii. BJia.LJ:HMHp Tierpos. M., focKHHOH3JJ:3T, I H:l , 2 OrrpeueJieHIIe J1. Ko3JIOBa ( «Borrpocbi KI!HoncKyccTBa», Bblll . 13.
CTp. 32. M., «HayKa», 1971, crp. 57) .

274 275
 IICIIOJib30BaJIII ,ZI.JI51 3TOrO MeTO,li.bi XYJI.OMeCTBeHHOH 3KC·
rrpecCIIII, mnep60JIII3aU.IIH, IICKaMeHII51 ¢opMbi.
Ho Be,ZI.b 3KcrrpecciiH, rro.zr.qeprmyTaH BbrpasiiTeJibHOCTu
CBOHCTBeHHa He TOJibKO 3KCIIpeCCIIOHII3My. 3KcrrpeCCII51
BCer.zr.a 6hiJia O,ZI.HIIM II3 HpqaiilllllX TI03TIIqecKIIX cpe,ZI.CTB l1
IICIIOJib30BaJiaCb BO BCeX BII,ZI.aX II MaHpax IICKYCCTBa.
BcrroMHIITe rpa¢IIKY foiiii H ITpopoKoBa, CKYJihiiTYPY Po-
.rr.eHa II MyxiiHoii, II033HIO MaHKOBCKoro II ITa6Jio HepyJI.hi,
MIIBOTIIICb BaH fora II CIIKeiipoca . K coMaJieHIIIO, IIOHHTHH
3KCIIpeCCIIOHII3M II 3KCIIpeCCHBHOCTb qaCTO IIyTaiOT.
B TOM, qTo JieHIIHrpa.rr.cKnx onepaTopoB CTaJIH IIMeHo-
, BaTh 3KcnpecciiOHIICTaMII .rr.eiicTBIITeJihHO «BHHOBaT» A. ITH-
oTpOBCKIIii . B HHBape 1929 ro.rr.a OH TaK nHcaJI o pa6oTe
MocKBIIHa II ero TOBapmu.eii: «CKJia,ZI.biBaeTCH MariiCTpaJib-
Hhrii CTIIJib, KOTOpbiH C oqeHb 60JibliiiiM IIpH6JIIIMeHHeM
MOf 6bi 6biTb Ha3BaH «CTIIJieM 3KCIIpeCCHOHII3Ma», TO eCTb
«BbrpasHTeJibHOCTH» B onepaTopcKoii pa6oTe». 1 ITHoTpos-
CKifiii' IIMeJI B BII,Uy, KOHeqHO, He CTHJib 3KCnpeCCHOHli3Ma
KaK orrpe.zr.eJieHHOrO XYJI.01KeCTBeHHOro TeqeHHH, a «3KC-
npeCCHBHOCTb», «Bbipa3IITeJibHOCTb» ( ¢paHU.Y3CKOe CJIOBO
«expression» osHaqaeT «Bbrp aMei-me») . OH npocTo Boc-
noJih30BaJICH 3HaKOMbiM TepMHHOM, sapaHee OrOBOpHB ero
orpaHHqeHHOCTb ( «C oqeHb 60JibillllM rrpH6JIIIMeHHeM»).
Orrpe,UeJieHIIe JieHIIHrpa.rr.cKHX orrepaTopos KaK 3Kcnpec-
CHOHHCTOB IIpHBIIJIOCb, TaK Me KaK TIOCJie «HOBOrO BaBH-
JIOHa» IIpiiBIIJIOCb ll orrpe.zr.eJieHIIe «llMIIpeCCIIOHIICTbi». (X a·
paKTepHO, qTO B CB513ll C «ITJIOTHHOH» ll «l3erJieU.OM»
HeKOTOpbie KpiiTllKll TIIICaJIII 06 IIMIIpeCCIIOHII3Me B II30-
6pa3IITeJibHOM peilleHIIII.) CaMII onepaTopbr He oqeHh
pa36IIpaJIIICb B CyUJ.HOCTII 3THX HCKyCCTBOBe.zr.qeCKIIX TepMH-
HOB II He oqeHb npoTeCTOBaJIII, KOr,ZI.a IIX npiiqllCJIHJIII
K TOMY IIJIII IIHOMY «II3My» .
IToJioMeHIIe H3MeHIIJIOCb nocJie ITocTaHOBJieHHH
UK B KIT ( 6) OT 23 arrpeJIH 1932 ro,Ua o JIHKBII,UaU.IIII
PAITIT. ITocTaHOBJieHIIe 3To osHaMeHoBaJio co6oii HOBbrii
3Tall B pa3BIITIIII COBeTCKOH JIIITepaTypbi II IICKYCCTBa, OHO
npiishmaJio IIOJIOMIITb KOHeu. rpynrroBUJ.IIHe H BYJibrapHo-
cou.noJioriiqecKoii KpiiTIIKe. B TBopqecKnx opraHII3aU.IIHX
passepHyJiacb JI.IICKyccnH o ¢opMaJIH3Me. KaK qacTo 6b!-
saeT, B nbrJiy .rr.nc!(ycciin He o60iliJ10Ch 6es «rreperii60B».
C. M. 3iiseHII1TeiiH nncaJI B HOH6pe 1932 ro.rr.a: «B KHHO
1 fasera «KnHo». J1., 1929, .N'2 5.
276
>Ke «¢opMaJIII3M» 6biJI CKOpee C03,UaH «IIO aHaJIOriiH» II He
CTOJibKO caMIIMII pa60THHKaMH, CKOJibKO KpiiTIIKaMII,
11CKaBrniiMII )KIIJirrJiorn.a.rr.h rro.rr. HpJihrqKII. CTOIIJIO KoMy-
JIII6 o H3 KHHeMaTorpa¢IICTOB rrpii3a,UyMaTbCH IIJIII nopa6o-
TaT b Ha,ZI. rrpo6JieMOH Bbipa3HTeJibHbiX cpe,UCTB ,ZI.JI51 BOIIJIO-
W.e HHH H,Ueii, KaK Ha Hero HeMe,ZI.JieHHO na.rr.aJia TeHb no.rr.o-
s p eHIIH II o6BIIHeHIIH B ¢opMaJIH3Me». 1
EcJIII ern.e B 1929 ro.rr.y ITIIoTpOBCKHH roBopiiJI o «CTIIJie
:m crrpeccnoHnsMa» y JieHIIHrpa.rr.cr<HX onepaTopoB r<aK o no-
JIOMHTeJibHOM 5IBJieHIIII, TO Terrepb HaqaJIHCb MaCCOBbie
OTpeqeHIIH OT «3KCIIpeCCHOHII3Ma» H «IIMIIpeCCIIOHII3Ma».
Xa paKTepHo npn 3TOM, qTo rro-npeMHeMy He 6biJIO qeTKoro
rrp e.rr.CTaBJieHIIH o TOM, qTo Me 3TO Tar<oe. CaM B. fop,UaHOB,
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M., «HcKyccTno», 1.968, cTp. 43.
2 faseTa «KnHo». M., 1936, .N'2 20.
277
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278 279
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297
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299
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309
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310 311
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lien TBOplieCKoro KOJIJieKTIIBa B. IleTpoBa 6b!JIO, ro BO pll
IIO-eyrueCTBy, yMe LJ:aBHO IIOTeHUIIaJibHO UBeTOBbie. IlyeTb
eJioBaMII B. E. lliKJIOBe Koro, «pacKpbiTb IIeTopiiiO Ta KO i"l
KaKOH OHa 6bJJia . . . IIpiilieM pacKpb!Tb ee B o6pa3aX KIIII O ~ :
erue «MaJioli rraJIHTpbi» 6eJio-cepo -1IepHoro ,n:IIanasoHa,
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MyTe51 T3KIIMII «TpeXUBeTHb!MII» OT 6e,n:HOCTII BbipaSHTeJib-
«IleTp IlepBbiH» pelllHJI noJIHOCTbiO, TO yM BTopyio - To
Hb!X cpe,n:eTB». 2
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K «JIYlilllHM o6pasuaM», 6eeerropHo, MOMHO oTHeeTII 11
HeTOpiilieeKOH CJIOMHOeTII IIeTpOBCKOH . 3IIOXH, cpiiJibM OK II
«IleTpa IlepBOI'O», B KOTOpOM «MaJia51 naJIIITpa» HeiiOJib -
SaJICH TaKIIM orpOMHb!M lllarOM BIIepeLJ:, liTO eTaJI IIpiiM e p OM
30BaHa BO BeeM 6oraTCTBe- OT rpacpiilieCKIIX liepHo-6e-
II OTIIpaBHOH TOliKOH Beero TIOeJieLJ:yiOIUero pa3BIITJIII
Jlb!X cueH, TaKIIX, KaK pasroBop IleTpa II MeHllliiKOBa
MaHpa IIeTOpiilieCKOfO cpiiJibMa B COBeTeKOM KIIHO II ebl l'
B BOSKe IIJIII eueHa HaBO,LJ:HeHIIH, 'Iepes HaebiiUeHHbiH BeeMII
paJI 60JiblllYIO pOJib B pa3BHTHII MaHpa sa py6eMOM.
OTTeHKaMH eeporo 3IIHSOLJ: eHHTIIH KOJIOKOJIOB LJ:O K3,LJ:pOB,
B IIOJIHOM eMbieJie cJioBa Jio6eLJ:HOe llleCTBIIe n e pB o i'l
HCI10Jlb3YIOIU11X !10JlHYIO liepHo - cepo-6eJiyiO raM MY- B cue-
cepiiii «IleTpa IlepBoro» sa py6eMOM HaliaJIOCb H a B ' l'
Ha x 3KSaMeHa, B KY3HIIUe )KeMOBa II, KOHeliHO, B 311IISOLJ:e
MIIpHOH BbieTaBKe B IlapiiMe ( 1937 I'OLJ:), rLJ:e cpiiJibM 6bi JI
B3 51TII51 KperrOCTH .
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B . ropLJ:aHOB, TaK )!{e KaK A. MocKBIIH, 9. TIICe3, A. ro-
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JIOBHH, )l . )leMyUKIIli, E. BoJilieK, JI. KoeMaTOB, IO. EKeJib-
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1IHK II MI-Iome LJ:pyrue eoBeTCKHe orrep aTopbr, eyMeJI rro6e-
peMIICeep, MaeTep IIeTOpiiK0-6IIOrpacpiilieCKOfO cpiiJib M a
LI:IITb «6e,n:HoeTb BbrpasHTeJibHbiX cpe,n:cTB» . Ho MeliTa
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1 0 TShiB Y. .ll:uTepJie rrpuBe.neH B KaTaJiore aMepuKaH cKoi'! qm pMhl B 1937 ro,n:y C «IleTpa IlepBOfO» fop,n:aHOB e paLJ:OeTbiO
.,Brandon Intern ational Films" , Ng 26, 1959. KCTan i , Ha.no orM eTHTh,
'ITO «TieTp TiepBblll» B 'IHCJie .npyrux KJiaCCH'IeCKHX <}lHJihMOB ,no CII X 1 «CrryTHHK KHHo¢ecnJBaJIH». M., 1969, Ng 12.
rrop ¢urypupyeT B KaTaJiorax MHOrHX sapy6elKHhiX rrpoKaTHhiX <jlupM. 2 raseTa «KHHO». M., 1940, 29 MaH.

318 319
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Ho TPY.UHO CKa3aTb, no TaKOMY JIH nyTH noiiieJI 6bi rop-
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fop,UaHOBa MHOfOe npHBJieKaJIO B 3TOH pa6oTe. IlpH -
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321
320
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HOH )Kll3HH H Mp3liHbiX, THMeJibiX BOeHHbiX JieT, 3TO Brrep- p360Tbl. ]LeJIO 06Jiefli3JIOCb, C O,ll,HOH CTOpOHbl, Bb!COKOH
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cpnHaJioM, B KOTopoM HeH3BeCTHbiH OAHY 33 ,ll,pyroli 33- Tp3y6epra, 6JIH3KHM rro MeTOAY p360Tbi B . TieTpoBy, H
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BHTeJihHOH onep3TopcKoi1 p360Toi1 B. fop,ll,3HOB3. lllHM pa6oTaTb c peMrrccepoM Apyroro rrJiaH3.
M.He TPYAHO crroKOHHO aHaJIH3IIpoBaTh «M3CK3pa,ll,». l1 )l,JI5I fep3CHMOB3, H )l,JIH fop,ll,aHOBa COBMeCTH35I p3-
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OTHOllleHHH K cpiiJibMY 5I He 33MeliaiO ero He,ll,OCT3TKOB. M.o- CH MOBa, CT3BHBlllero .lJ.O 3TOf0 TOJ!bKO MOJIO)l,eMHbie cpHJibMbl.
MeT 6biTh, Apyriix oH cero,ll,HH He B3BOJIHyeT? Ho H yBe- 60Jibllle, lieM )l,JI5I fop,ll,3HOB3. fepaCHMOB CTOJIKHYJIC5I
peHHO COBeTyiO BCeM, KTO cpiiJibM He BII)l,eJI, 065I33TeJihHO B 3TOH pa6oTe He TOJibKO C HOBb!M orrep3TOpOM, K TOMY
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C5ITIIJieTHIO «J1eHcpiiJibM3» (KCT3TII fOBOpH, H3 Tpii,ll,U3TII OCT3BHJIO 3H3liHTeJibHb!H CJie,ll, B ero TBOplieCTBe H OlieHb
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6hiJIII CH5ITbl fop,ll,aHOBblM). f1oMHIO JIHU3 3piiTeJieii IlOCJIC .U3MH B «M.OJIO,ll,OH fB3p,ll,HH», B «THXOM ,UoHe», B ApyrHX
ce 3 Hca- II IlOMIIJibiX, ,ll,JIH KOTOpb!X «N1aCK3p3,ll,» CB5I3311 CBOHX cpHJibMaX OH 065I33H «MacKapa,ll,y» H fop,ll,aHoBy.
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KOJI3rr M.opABIIHOB. To Me oruyrueHHe cliaCThH ncrrhiTbiBaJI, Ap6eHHH rrpoTHBOCTOHT CBOeMy oKpyMeHHIO II B TO Me BpeMH
nrpaH Ap6eHIIH3, II Mop,ll,BHHOB. M.Horo JieT crrycTH oH ro · HBJIHeTCH ero liaCThiO, HeceT rpy3 ero rrpeapaccyaKoB. Ta-
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p3CHMOBbiM». 1 peHHe. Ho 3Toro He rrpoH30lllJIO .
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lieM B. TieTpoB. HecKOJihKO cxeMaTH3HpyH, MOMHO 6hiJIO H306pa3HTeJibHb!e rrpHeMbl B 11p5IMYIO 33BHCHMOCTb OT KOH-
6bi CK333Tb, liTO f1eTpOB rrpe,ll,CT3BJI5IJI, YCJIOBHO fOBOp51, KpeTHb!X oco6eHHOCTeH TOfO MHBOfO o6pa3a, KOTOpbiH poM-
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1 «I1CKYCCTBO KHHO~, 1969, Ng 12, CTp. 102. cueHaprrcTOM, c HHAHBHAyaJihHOCTbiO aKTepa. Eho 3aMelia-

322 323
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324
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325
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326 327

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328
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334
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nocTaBJIHeT ero BbmrpaBIIIeMy Ap6eHn:Hy.
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335
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6 bJJia oqeHb xopOIIIO H3BeCTHa ITO HCITOJIHei-IH~ poJieH CBOHX
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COBpeMeHHHII- KOMCOMOJIOK, npHqeM JiyqrneH pOJibiO aJ<T·
HnHa»- TaK, HaBepHo, MOMHo 6biJIO 6br Ha3BaTb ero.
pHCbi 6biJia KOJIX03HHIJ,a fpyHH IllyMHJIHHa B «YliHTeJie»
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,Q3HOBb!M c TaKHM BKycoM, c TaKHM . no,n:neMoM H
IOI.IJ.ei'I HIIHbi» - caMbiH nepBbii'I KpynHbi i'I rrJiaH arnpHCbi
1 Co6cTBeHHO rosopH, HuHa IIOliBJIHeTcli B cjluJibMe paHbrue-s cueHe B cpHJibMe. 9TO MOMeT ITOKa3aTbC5I CTpaHHbiM,- Be,Qb 3TOT
Ka,n:p ,n:a er.u:e npoe3A no Ha6epeMHofr- e,n:IIHCTBeHHhie
MacKapa.n:a. Ho TaM OHa B .n:oMuHo u B MacKe, Ha o6m:ux rrJiaHax. Pe-
)Kuccep u orrepaTop HHKaK He Bbi tJ:eJIHJOT ee ll3 rrpa3.n:Huq~IOii TOJIIIbi Ma- B cpHJJbMe KYCKII, B KOTopbrx HIIHa no-HaCTOHIIJ:eMy BeceJia
COK, u oHa rrpaKTuqecKu He Y3HaeTcH 3puTeJIHMU. ITpucyTcTsue HuHbi II 6e33a60THa, a B OCTaJibHOM noqTH BCH ee pOJib- 3TO liJIH
B Cl.(eHe MaCKapa.n:a HOCUT qllCTO llHcpOpMal.(UOHHb!H xapaKTep, 06'bliCHliH
HCTOpllJO C 6pacJieTOM. 1 «0qepKll UCTOpllll coBeTCJ<orO KllHO», T. 2. M., «l1cKyCCTBO», 1959,
CTp. 490.
336
337
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c MHrKHM cBeTOM Ha HnHy, co CMHrtieHHbiMII TeHHMII Ha
rueHHH HHHbi rop.uaHOB ITPHMeHHeT H Ha o6runx ITJiaHaX.
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rnaeTCH ITO Mepe ,LLBH)KeHH5! OT HpKO OCBerueHHOll crraJibHII
H ITpe)K,LLe Bcero HnHy y poHJIH HJIH ITepBoe ITOHBJieHHe
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HHHbi, ee ITpoxo.u ITO aHcpHJia,LLe.

339
338
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CKOJibKO ruarOB, TO OCTaHaBJIHBaeTC5I, OnHpa5ICb Ha ,ll,Bepb,
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ua. Tio,l!,HHB HnHy Ha pyKH, OH HeceT ee B cnaJibHIO no TeM
JKe KOMHaTaM, no KOTOpbiM TOJibKO liTO npOXO,ll,HJI B o6paT-
HOM HarrpaBJieHHH. Ho CBeT B KOMHaTax yJKe nBoU:. O,ll,HII
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o6epTOHHOe piiTMHlleCKOe noCTpOeHIIe, nepe,ll,aiOill.ee CM5ITe-
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c y6eraiOill.HM B rJiy6IIHY Ap6eHIIHbiM- aH<j:Jrwa,l!,a cHoBa
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HeHHII CHMBOJIH3HpyiOill.eM CMepTb HHHbl.
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340
l!aJK,l!,bi: «)! ClJIITaiO, liTO XOpOilliiH orrepaTop He TOT, KTO
npeKpaCHO «Ka,ll,piipyeT», a TOT, KTO IIMeeT COBeprneHHOe
(llaCTO ,l!,aJKe IIHTYIITIIBHoe) liYBCTBO pi!TMa II yMeeT ero
pea JIII30BaTb». 1 MmKHO He corJiaCHTbCH c ByliUIIKOM HaClleT
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yMeTb «Ka,ll,piipOBaTb», . TO eCTb KOMn03HUIIOHHO CTpOHTb
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CT BO piiTMa, a rJiaBHoe, yMemre ero peaJIII30BaTb,- a6co-
JIIOTHO BepHO.
«MacKapa,ll,»- rrpeBOCXO,ll,HbiH npiiMep TOfO, liTO ,ll,aeT
onepaTopcKoe liYBCTBO piiTMa II BbiCOKoe MacTepcTBO ero
peaJIII3aUHII B li30.6pa3IITeJibHOH TKaHII <j:JIIJibMa. J1 HeJib35I
B CB5I3II C .9TIIM He BCITOMHIITb CHOBa 0 MY3biKaJibHOCTII fop-
,ll,aHOBa. O,ll,HaKo npiiMeHIITeJibHO K «MacKapa,ll,y» MOJKHo
roBopiiTb He TOJibKO o MY3biKe. EcJIII cueiia CMepTII HIIHhi
PIITMIIlleCim nocTpoeHa KaK CJIOJKHoe noJIII<j:JOHIIlleCKOe MY-
3biKaJibHoe npOII3Be,ll,eHIIe, B KOTOpOM 6ypHOe Kpelll.eH,ll,O
opKeCTpa HapacTaeT ,ll,O npe,l!,eJia II pe3KO o6phiBaeTC5I,
TO ,ll,pyriie, 6oJiee CnOKOHHbie .9nii30)J.bl nOCTpoeHbl nO-IIHOMy.
.LJ:JIH npiiMepa BepHeMC5I CHOBa K CUeHe B 6y<j:JeTHOH Hrop-
HOrO ,ll,OMa.
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BhiX aKUeHTa- ,ll,Ba, CB5I3aHHbiX C pe3KHM H3MeHeHHeM TO-
HaJibHOCTII <j:JOHa ( OHH npl!XO,ll,HJIHCb Ha HallaJIO H KOHeU
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OT ,ll,pyriiX, TO piiTMHlleCKOe ero nOCTpOeHHe OKa3biBaeTC5I
CHMMeTpHliHbiM, a nO,ll,llepKHYTbiH HIIJKHIIH CBeT Ha npoiir-
paBilleM IIrpoKe II ero BPOAe 6bl crreuiiaJibHbiH HaKJIOH Bne-
pe,ll,, TOliHO npiiXO,l!,5Illl.liHC5I Ha cepe,ll,HHY Ka,ll,pa, MOryT· nO•
Ka3aTbCH IICKyccTBeHHhiMII, HecKOJibKO Ha30HJIHBhiMII.· Ho
KOr,ll,a CMOTpiiillb <j:JHJibM, c3TOH IICKYCCTBeHHOCTH He 3aMe-
llaellib. B lleM JKe neJio?
A neJio orrHTb-TaKII B piiTMIIlleCKOM rrocTpoeHIIII. B rrpe-
,ll,bi,l!,Ylll.eM Ka,ll,pe 6b!JI HCI10Jlb30BaH TaKOH JKe CBeTOBOH : .9<\:J-
<j:JeKT - pe3K:flM CBeTOM CHH3Y . 6biJIO OCBelll.eHO, .zLmKe iJyTh
rrepecBelleHO JIIIUO KH5I35I. 06mee nOCTpOeHIIe . .9TOfO MOH-
TaJKHOfO KYCKa no CBeTOBb!M aKUeHTaM TaKoe: OCBe!UeHHOe
CHH3Y JtiiUO KH5I35I - cBeTOBoi\:' nepexo,ll, Ha <j:JoHe - ocBe-
Ill.eHHOe CHII3Y JIIIUO HrpoKa - CBeTOBOH nepeXO,ll, Ha <j:Joi'I'e:
TaKoe pHTMIIllecKoe nocTpoeHHe Bhi3hiBaet accouiiaUIIH y}ke
1 St. Janicki. Polsci tworcy filmowi o sobie. Warszawa, 1964,
CTp. 104.
341
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HHLieM He OTJIHLiaeTCH OT MHOrOLIHCJieHHbiX KOpOTKOMeTpa-
JKeK, KOTOpbre BbiWJIH Ha 3KpaH B nepBbre rO.Ubi BOHHbi. Ho
eCTb B TIITpax ero O,UHa Ha,UniiCb, KOTOpaH cpasy MeHHeT OT-
HOilleHHe K <J?HJibMY II JIIO,UHM , ero C03,UaBWHM : Jl eliUiiZpao.
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3Ta Ha,UnHCb - CBH.ll,eTeJibCTBO rpaJK,UaHCKOrO nO.ll,BIIra
JieHHHrpa.ll,CKHX KHHeMaTOrpa<J?HCTOB, B nepsy10, caMy!O
CTpaWHYIO SHMY 6JIOKa,Ubl no,UrOTOBHBilliiX II nOCTaBHBillHX
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H Ha Jla.ll,OJKCKOM OSepe. 06o BCeM 3TOM OtieHb IIHTepeCHO paC-
CKaSbiBaeT OH caM B CBOHX «3aniiCKaX». B anpeJie 1944 rO.ll,CI
fop,UaHOB 6biJI OTKOMaH,UHpOBaH Ha BOSBparn:a!OW:HHCH H:l
342
3 BaKy aUHH «JleH<J?HJibM» . O.uHaKo nepBbiH CBOH nocJieBoeH-
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TiepBbie nocJiesoeHJJbre rO.Ubi 6brJiii TPY.UHbi M nepHO.UOM
B paSBIITllli COBeTCKOrO KHHeM aTOrpa<J?a . Pe3KOe COKparn:e-
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343
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CTp. 37.
344
16 3aKa3 N• 2020 345
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CTp. 70.
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CTp. 86.
346
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qecKHH KonneKTHB. TaK Me KaK anaAenrre TeXHHKoA no3BO-
nHeT He OTBneKaTbCH Ha ee npeOAOnerme, TIOCTOHHI-!b! H
KOnJleKTHB ll03BOnHeT He OTBneKBTbCH I-!3 nepecTpOtiKy,
nprrcnoca6nrraanrre K HHOMY MeTOAY pa6oTbi, rrnoMy BliAe-
HHI-O HOBOfO KOnneKTHBB.
Ho AnH fopAaHoBa nocTOHHHbiH KonneKTHB 6hrn aaMeH
He TOnbKO ll03TOMy. I1CKYCCTBO onepaTopa cpOAHH HCKYC-
• CTBY BKTepa . I1 onepaTOp, H BKTep - HCTIOnHiiTeJIH, OHH
" ~ .~OTIJ_!~IU,ai-OT 3'ii.M: brcen cu,enaplic1'a H pe}KHcce~pa. ECTn <tKTe-
pbi - MacTepa nepesonnomenrrH.- TaKHM Obin H : K. LiepKa-
cos. I1 ecTb aKTepbr, B mo6oA ponrr necymrre OAHY, caoi-O
TeMy. TaKHM 6hrn H. ,U. MopABHHOB. On rrrpan CTOnh pa 3-
Hhr;: repoes, KBK BorAaH XMenhHHU.KHH, Ap6eHIUI H fpilro -
prrrr I\OTOBCKHH, H Hrpan HX TBK, 'ITO KBMAbiH ero repo:il
6b!n peanbHb!M qenoBeKOM, C npncyiU,HM HMeHHO eMy
xapaKTepoM. Ho ace ero reporr o6H3aTenbHO rr~ ei-OT rr 'ITO-
TO O~IU,ee, MOpABHHOBCKOe- pOM3HTH3M, HAYIU,III1 OT rny-
60KOH Bepbl BKTepa B HeOrpBHH'leHHb!e B03MOMHOCTH
'leJioBeKa.
TaK Me H onepaTopb!. 0AHH- «LlepKacoBhi», HanprrMep
TanaHTnHBeHll!BH MaprapHTB fiHnHXHHa,- BCTIOMHHTe TB-
I<He pa3Hhie ee <j:mnhMhi, KaK «cDOMa fopAeea» (peM . M. ,UoH-
cKoi1), «Mne ABBAU.BTb neT» (peM. M. Xyu,rres), «.UneBHhre
3Be3Ahi» (peM. l1. TanaHKHH); Apyrrre- rr TYT nepBbiM
MOLKHO HB3B3Tb fopABHOBa- «MOpABHHOBbi». 3 TO BOBCe
He 3H3'IHT, 'ITO OAHH nnoxrre, Apyrrre XOpOll!He . fipOCTO OHH
pa3Hhre .
,UnH OIIepaTOpOB «MOpABHHOBCttOfO» THTIB TIOCTOHHI-!hlll
TBOp'IeCKIIH KOnneKTHB HBnHeTCH nyqllleH B03MOMHOCTblO
nan6onee nonnoro pacKpbiTHH caoeA TeMhi, caoero CTHnH,
caoero TananTa . l1 KonneKTHB B. fieTpoaa ABn fopAaHoBy
3TY B03MOMHOCTb. Ha «MacKapaAe» fopAaHOB BCTpeTrrncH
c ApyrrrM KonneKTIIBOM. Pa6oTaTb eMy 6brno TPYAHee,
npHlllnOCb BO MHOfOM npeOAOneBBTb «IIp033H'leCKHe» TeH-
AeHIJ,HII peMrrccepa. Ho 3TH TPYAHOCTH KOMIIeHcHpoaanrrch
orpoMnoA paAOCTbi-O OT TBopqecrwA, AyxonnoA 6mr30CTH c
MopABIIHOBb!M II TeM, 'ITO fepaCHMOB, KBK HBCTOHIU,HH xy-
,TI:OMHHK, noqyacTBOBan H TIOAAepMa.JI poMaHTH3M MopABH-
350
HOBa H fopABHOBB. l1 «MacKapaA» CTan TBKHM Me rOpAa-
HOBCKHM cPl WbMOM, KBK H clJHnbMbl, CHHTbie C fieTpOBb!M.
B nepBbie rrocnesoeHHbie roAhi poMaHTH'leCKaH ¢oTorpa-
cPIIH OK33anacb HeCOBMeCTHMOH C IIpiiHHThiM TOfAB BKBAC-
MH'IeCKHM CTHneM . «fiepeBOIInOIU,BTbCH» Me fopABHOB He
yMen. l1 3TO 6bwo OAHOH H3 rrpH'IHH ero rrepexoAa B u,ex
KOM6HHHpOBBHHb!X CbeMOK. .
Ho fopAaHOB ocTancH fopAaHOBbiM - qenoseKOM TBOp -
qecKHM, qenoseKOM 3BHHTepecoaaHHbiM B cyAb6ax AOpororo
eMy orrepaTopcKoro ncKyccTBa. On aKTHBHO yqacTByeT B o6 -
cyMAeHHH onepaTopcKHX pa6oT Ha CTYAHH H B ,UoMe KHHO,
B03rnaBnHeT 61-0p0 orrepaTOpCKOfO MBCTepCTBB «JleH-
cPHJibMa». •
Ha o6cyMAeHHH B JieHHnrpaACKOM ,[LoMe KHHO ¢rrnbMa
«CeJibCKBH yqrnenhHHIJ,B», B KOTOpOM BrrepBbie B ITOJIHYI-0
crwy rrpoHBHncH 6JIIICTaTeJihHbiH TaJIBHT C. YpycescKoro,
peMrrccep M . ,UoHCKOH roaopnn : «YpyceBCKHH- orrepaTop,
KOTOporo Bbl eiU,e He 31-IBJIH. 5I AOJIMeH BaM CK333Tb, TOBB-
pHIU, fopABHOB, 'ITO B3lllll A06pb!e cnOBB, KOTOpbie Bbl CK3-
33JIH HB nepBOM IIpOCMOTpe B JleHHHrpaAe, HMenH 60Jib-
ll!Oe nocnrrTaTenhnoe 3HB'leHne AnH Hero. C:noao MacTepa
oKpbrnHeT MonoAoro onepaTopa . A CKOJibKHM, KpoMe Ypy-
ceacKoro, HYMHbi A06pbre CJIOBa MacTepon. BaMHO 3aMe-
THTb 3THX JII-OAeH, ITOAHHTb HX .. .» 1
3aMeTIITb MOnOAOH TBJIBHT, IIOMO'Ib eMy, ITOAAeplKBTb
ero fopAaHOB BCI-0 )Kll3Hb C4HTBeT OAHOH II3 rrepBeHll!HX
cnorrx o6H3BHHOCTeA. B AeCHTKax HHTepecHbiX no H3o6pa -
3HTeJibHOMY pellleHHI-0 cPHJlbMOB neHIIHrpaACKHX, A3 H He
TOJibKO JieHHHrpaACKHX onepaTopon ecTb AOnH AYlliH H
TPYAB BH'leCJIBBa BH'leCJIBBOBH'la ropA3HOBa .
l1 cerOAHH HeMOJIOAOfO yMe fopABHOBa MOMHO BCTpe-
THTb B ,[LoMe KynhTyphl , B pa6o'leM o6IU,eMHTHH, HB 3BCeAa-
HHH KHHOKJiy6a. Tb!CH'lll neHHHrpaACKHX ni-06HTene:il KHHO
xopoll!o 3H3I-OT JieKTopa fopAaHoBa. Ero 6eceAhi H neKUHH
06 II306pa3HTeJibHOM pell!eHHH cPIIJibM3, 06 orrepaTOpCKOM
M3CTepCTBe, 0 cPHnbMBX, B C03ABHHH KOTOpbiX OH IIpHHII-
MBJl yqacTHe, ITOJ!b3YI-OTCH HeH3MeHHbiM ycrreXOM. fiocne
neKUHH 06bi'IHO IIOK83hiB3!-0T «fpo3y», «IleTpa fiepBO!'O»
IInll «MacKapaA», H 3pHTenii 70-X I'OAOB CHOBa H CHOBB HB ~·
t CTeuorpaMM a o6cyMJI.eHH51 KHHOqlliJibMa «CeJibCKa51 yqnTeJihiiHUa»
B JieHHHfpaJI.CKOM LJ.oM e KHHO 4 H0516p51 1947 fOJI.a. (XpaHHTC51 B 6H6JIH-
OTeKe LJ.oMa KHHO) .
35 1
 Jia:tK,RaiOTeH BeTpeqei1 e HaeTOHili.IIM KIIHOHeKyeeTBOM. Ha- p aspa6oTaJIH H ,ROBeJIH ,RO eoBepllleHeTBa TeXHI1KY H~ HC-_
eTOHill.ee HeKyeeTBO He eTapeeT! [I 0~__3DB-a.J:Ui51.
I-ioHOBb!e rr pneMbl IIOHBJIHIOT CH BCe BpeM H
(npan,Ra , oqeHb qaeTo .:>T o xopolilo sa6biTbie eTapbre npHe -
B KOHUe 1957 ro,Ra BblllieJI Ha3KpaHbi cpiiJibM pe:tKrreeepa Mbi) . f JI3BHOe :tKe, cJeMy yciHT cerO,RHHlilHHX onepaTOpOB
M. KaJiaTosona rr onepaTopa C. YpyeeneKoro <<JleTHT :tKy - OTibiT HalileH onepaTOpCKOH KJI3 CCIIKH,- 3TO yMeHIIIO TIOCTa-
i> aBJIH», KOTOpbrH enpane,RJIHBO eqrrTaeTeHy aqaJIOM ironoro BHTb npneMbl Ha eJiy:tK6y HeKyCeTBy, y M eHHIO o6pa3HO, TIJia-
3Tana Qi!sBrr_rrrH eoBeTeKoro onepaTopeKoro rreKyeeTBa. Ho- eTHqeeKH nepe,RaB3Tb eBOH M b!CJIH, eBOe OTI-!OlileHIIe K npo-
BbiH nan OTJIIJqaeTeH TIOHeKaMH HpKOH Bbipas HTeJibHOeTII- IICXO,RHill.eMy Ha 3KpaHe.
3TO 6b!JIO eCTeeTBeHHOH peaKUHeH Ha 3Ka,Re MII3M BTOpOH l:I B qHeJie TeX, KTO Beer,Ra 6y,ReT eJiy :tKHTb rrpHMepoM A_JI H
TIOJIOBHHbl 40-X- HaqaJia 50-X fO,ROB- li orpOMHb!M pa3HO- HOBbi X TJOKOJieHHH onepaTOpOB, HOBblX TIO KOJieHHH KHHe M a-
o6pasrreM TBopqeeKrrx noqe pKOB KaK MOJIO.RbiX onepaTopos, TOrpacpHeTOB,- O,RHH H3 Ji yqlilHX eoBeTeKHX KHHOOIIepaTO-
TaK rr noJiyqnnlllrrx «BTopoe ,RbiXaHrre» M a eTepon CTaplllero pOB BHqeeJiaB fop,RaHOB.
li epe,RHero TIOKOJi e HHH.
HoBbiH 3Tarr OTJinqaeTeH II HeBn,RaHHO 6biCTpbiM paeryJ:! -
_pe_I:I HeM H306pasnTeJI~Hb!X B03MO:tKHOeTeH KHHO.:. illHpOKH}J
3KpaH, JierKHe KaMepbi, BbJeOKOqyBCTBIITeJibHbie TIJieHKH-
BOT ,RaJieKO He TIOJIHbiH rrepeqeHb TeXmiqeeKHX HOBHHOK,
Ka:tK,RaH rrs KOTOpbrx o6oraruaeT rraJIHTPY orrepaTopeKoro
IIeKyecTBa. K noMy ny:tKHO .Ro6anrrTb e m e , qTo TeMribr xy-
.RO:tKeeTBeHHoro pa sBIITHH sa MeTHO yeKOpiiJIIIeb II O,RHII x y -
,RO:tKeeTBeHHbie Harrp aBJieHHH eMeHHIOT ,Rpyr ,Rpyra He sa ,Re -
r eHTHJieTIIH, a sa fO,Rbi (KasaJIOeb 6bi, eOBeeM He,RaBHO eiiM-

ee eMeHHJia «eKpbiTaH ~ -----

BOJIOM HOBOfO 6biJia «eB060,RH351 KaMepa», HO oqeHb eKOpO
KaMepa» II «,ROKyMeHTaJibH351 Ma-
Hepa», eeflqae nee 6oJiblile eTaHoBHT eH - cpii-JibMOB, B K6'fo- •
JJbiX OI!epaTOpb! BepHyJIIIeb K !IOciTII eTaTH4CeKOH~l! O~II- .
BOriHeii», HaiJOMIIHaiOIUCH BpeMeH a !-ICMOro_ f iiH.2.z._. II T. ,R.J.
Bee 3TO BMeCTe BsHTOe ,RaeT oqeHb n eCTpy iO Ha rre p BbiH
nsrJIH.R r<apTHHy, B KOTopoi1 TPY.RHO Bbi,ReJIIITb KaKIIe-To
rJiaBHbre TeH,ReHUIIII. I1 TPY.RHO, KasaJioeb 6br, HaMeTIITb
eB513b Me:tK,Ry Tpa,RIIUIIHMII OrrepaTopeKOfO IleKyeeTBa
20- 30-X fO,ROB II eerO,RHHlilHIIMII IIOHeKaMII. 0,RH3KO TaKaH
eBH3b eeTb. I1 DpOHBJIHeTeH OHa y)!<e B TOM , qTO B cpiiJibMaX
60-X II 70 - X fO,ROB MO:tKHO BeTp e THTb HaH,ReHHbie TOf,Ra
rrprreMbi, qTo _?brpasrrTeJibHbre paKyp e br o ,RHoro cpi1JibMa s a-
eTaBJIHIOT nenoMHHTb A. foJIOBHIO, .RHH aMIIqeer<aH e n eTo-
TeHb ,Rpyroro cpiiJibMa- B . rop,RaHoBa, f pacpnqeer<aH creT-
KOeTb TpeTbero- 13. BoJiqeKa, a .Jinpnq~erme rreilsa:tKII qe'I;-
~~Q.'!:Q£0-:--- M_,_ Marn,ReOHa. Bee 3TO, KOHecmo , oqeHb Ba:tKHO
H Bee-TaKH r .Ji aBHOe He B 3TOM .
3aM e qaTeJibi-Ibl e M a eTe pa 20 - 3 0- x r o ,ROB, rr o ,RJIHH-
IIbre KJI aeeHKH orrepaTopeKOfO Iler<yeeTBa ,ReHeTBHTe Jibl-!0
H alilJI H HOBbie rrp en o exo ,RHbie nso6p asriTeJibHbie rr p ne Mbi,

352
 <I> HJl bMO fPA<I> 1151
1929
A,UPEC JIEmiHA
5 'l. JleHHHrpa,UCKa51 <jla6pnKa «COBKHHO»
Cueu. 13. 13pO,U51HCKHii; pe)K. B. ITerpoB; onep B. rop.uauos; xy.u. H. Cy-
BOpOB . B pOJIHX: <1> . fnJIH3osa, 13. JlbiTKHH, E. Kopqaruua-AJieKcan-
.uposcKaH, <1>. 13or.uaiioB, B. 13y*HHCKaH, A. 3aBbHJIOB.
1930
<l>PI1U 13AY3P
7 '1. JleHHHrpa,UCKai! <jla6pHKa «COBKHHO»
CueH. (no nbece B. CeJiuxosoii u H. Cau) u pe*. B . ITerpos; onep.
B. rop.uaHOB, ace. onep. B. 5IKOBJieB; xy.u: H . CysopoB, rr. 13eTaKH.
B poJIHX: 13. Pu.uepep, K. Cepa¢nMoBa, K. CnMaHOBH'I, <1>. fHJIH30Ba,
<1>. Heii6axep, B. BeiirueJib, 0. 13payap, r . <l>pnKeH.
1931
ITJIOTI1HA
5 JleHHHrpa,UCKaH ¢a6pnKa «COI03KHHO»
'1.
TeMa JI. Typ; cuen. u pelK. B. ITerpos; onep. B . rop.uaHOB, ace. onep.
B 5IKoBJieB; xy.u. H. CyBopos . B pOJIHX: M . JloMaKnH, 13. Pa.uepep,
<1>. Heii6axep, H . ropo,UHH'IeB, 0. 13payap.
1932
,UJI5I BAC HAIT,UETC5I PAI30TA
7 JleHHHrpa,UCKaH <jla6pnKa «COI03KHHO»
'1.
CueH. 11. ITpyT, 11. Tpay6epr; pe)!{. I1. Tpay6epr; onep. B. rop.uaHOB,
B. 5IKOBJies ; xy.u. H. Cysopos; KOMnos. B . 13or.uaHos-13epesoBcKnii;
ssyKoon. I1. ,UMnTpneB, 11. BoJIK. B pomrx: C. MarapnJIJI, M . Wrpayx,
<1>. HnKHTHH, C. AHTOHOB, H . JvluqypnH, <1>. Heii6axep.
13ErJIEU
3 JleHHHrpa,UCKaH <jla6pnKa «COI03¢HJibM»
'1.
CueH. (no MOTHBaM nhechr K. Bnr<jloreJiw «Tpare.unH ceMn reJieQJoH-
HbiX pasrosopoB») M. 13JieiiMaH, B. ITerpoB; pe*. · B. ITerpos; onep.
B. fop,naHoB, ace. onep. 13. KoMM; xy.u. H. Cysopos; KOMnos . B. /Ke-
Jio6uHcKnii; 3BYKOOn. M. Myxa'leB. B POJIHX: r . JvluqypHH, 13. Pu.uepep,
B. BncKOBCKHii, A. ITapaMOHOBa, A. KocTpH'IKHH.
1934
8 '1. ---
fP03A
JleHHHrpa,UCKaH ¢a6puKa «COI03¢HJibM»
CueH. (no nbece A. OCTpoBcKoro) u pe)IC B. ITerpos; onep. B. fop-
.uaHOB, ace. onep. 13. KoMM; xy.u. H. CyBopos; KoMnos. B. W:epf5aqes;
ssyKoon. I1. ,UMnrpueB. B poJIHx : A . Tapacosa, I1. 4yBeJieB, B. Mac-
caJIHTHHoBa, I1. 3apy6aHa, M. /KapoB, M. TapxaHoB, M. Uapes,
E. KopqaraHa-AJieKcaH,npoBCKaH.
354
1937
ITETP ITEPBb!IT
( 1-H cepaH) . 10 '1. KaHocry,naH «JleHQJHJibM»
CueH. A . ToJICTOI1, B. ITerpoB; pelK. B . ITerpoB; OIIep. B. rop,U3HOB,
B. 5IKOBJieB, ace. onep. B. CnHHUbiH, E . Kupnn'!eB; xy.u. H. CysopoB;
KOMnos. B . W:ep6aqes; ssyKoon. 3. 3aJIKHH.U. B poJIHX: H. CnMOHOB,
H. l.fepKacoB, A. TapacoBa, M. /KapoB, M. TapxaHOB, I1. 3apy6nHa,
K. ra6wMaH, B. ,Uo6ppBOJibCKHH, r. OpJIOB, A. JlapHKOB, A . repMaH.
1938
<l>I13KYJibTYPHb!IT ITAPA,U
UB. KnHOCTY.UHH «Moc<jluJibM»
Pe)!{. r. AJieKC3H.UpOB, cope)!{HCCep r. Ka6aJioB; onep. <1> . ITpoBOPOB,
B rop.uaHOB, 13. ITerpoB, A . AraKwneB, B. HecrepOB, A. BoJI'I3HCKHii;
KOMn0.3. I1. ,UyHaescKaii; ssyKoon. E . HecrepoB.
1940
OCEHb
I '1. Us. KaHoCTY.UHH «JleH¢HJibM»
Pe*. <1>. 3pMJiep, I1. MeHaKep; onep. B. rop.uaHOB, M. Maru.u; xy.u.
c MeiiHKHH; 3ByKoon. I1. ,UMnTpneB. B pomrx : rr. Ka.UO'IHHKOB,
JI. illpe.uepc.
1941
MACKAPA,U.
12 '1 . KnHocry.uuH -«JleH(JJnJibM»
CueH. (no .upaMe M. JlepMOHToBa) u pelK. C. repacuMos; rJI . onep
B. rop.uaHOB, onep. M. Maru.u, JI. CoKOJibCKHii; xy.u. C. MeiiHKHH;
KOMn03. B. ITyniKOB; 3ByKoon. 3. 3aJIKHH.U, K. rop.uoH. B POJIHX:
H. Mop.UBHHOB, T. MaKapona, C. repacHMOB, M. Ca.uoBCKHii, C. Mara-
PHJIJI, A. ITarmpbillleB, 3. faJib.
1942
BAPE/KKI1
4 '1. Kuuocry,nuH «JleHQJHJibM»
CueH. C. ITOJIOUKHH, M . TeBeJieB; peJIC H. JIJ06ownu, rr. ApMaH.u;
onep. B. rop.uaHoB, 2-il onep . B. CnHHUbiH; xy.u. B. IToKpoBcKnii;
KOM!l03. B. H rr. ApMaH.u; _3BYKOOn. K. ITo3HblllleB. B pOJIHX: B. l.fecT-
HOKOB, M . ITaBJIHKOB, 13. ropHH-fopi!HHOB, E. KapeTHHKOBa, JieiiTeHaHT
B. ITycTbiHHHKOB, KpacHOQJJIOTUbi fpo6oseurmii, 13JIH3Heuos, ,UoJiroB,
5 '1.
PH60B.
JIA,UOfA
J1eHHHrpa,UCK35l 06be.UHHeHH35l KHHOCTY.UHH
PelK. rr. ITaJIJieii, B. CoJIOBUOB, r . Tpo¢mviOB; rJI . onep. rr. ITaJIJieii,
r. Tpo<jJHMOB, onep. B. CHHHl(biH, B. rop.uaHOB, A. IToropeJib!H,
H . ,UoJiros, A. KJIHMOB, B CTpa.uaH, B. KopoTKHH, C. <l>oMnH.
355
 1946 CO)J.EP)I(AH 11 E
BO HM5l )l(l13Hl1
11 tJ. KmwcTyJJ:Hfl «JleHQ)!lJibM» B. B. fopJJ:aHoB
C1~eH. E. f a6pHJIOBH'l, A. 3apxn, H. XeilcjJH~ (npH y•tacrHH C. EpMo· 3AUHCKH KHHOOUEPATOPA
JIHHCKoro); pelK. A. 3apxn, H. XeilcjJH~; rJI. onep. B. fopJJ:aHOB, onep.
M. MarHJJ:, JI . CoKOJibCKHH, ace. onep. E. KHPTIHtJeB; xyJJ:. H. Cysopos; fnasa I
KOMTI03. B. TiyrnKoB; 3ByKoon. A. BeKKep. B poJIHX: B. XoxpHKOIJ, 3
«I\J151TBA B ,D:O)R,D:HI\»
M. Ky3ne~oB, 0. )l(aKoB, K. Jlenanosa, Jl. llle6aJmHa, A. 3palKeB-
• • • • 0 • • • • •• • • • 0 • • • • •

CKHH, H. 4epKacos.
fJiasa 2 7
1949 POMAHTI1'-IECI\A51 <!>OTOfPA<I>I-151 . . .... ..... .... .

AKA.UEMHK HBAH TIABJIOB rnasa 3 13

11 tJ. KHHOcTyJJ:HH «JleHcjJHJibM» JlETO 1924 fO,D:A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
C~eH. M. Tianasa; pelK. r. PornaJib; onep. B. fopJJ:aiioB, M. MarnJJ:,
Jl. CoKOJibCKHH, E. KHpTIHtJeB; xyJJ:. E. EHeH, A. BeKcJiep; KOMTI03 . fnasa 4 23
.U. Ka6aJieBCKHH; 3ByKoon. A. lllapropoJJ:CKHH. B poMrx: A. BopHCOB, OOCJ1E,D:Hl1.l'l 1\YPC • • • • • •• • •• 0 • • • • • •

H. AJIHCOBa, B. 4ecTHOKOB, <t> . HHKHTHH, B. BaJialllOB, B. CocjJpoHOB,

H. TIJIOTHHKOB, M. CacjJoHoBa, r. BeJibHHKeBH'l, H. 4epKacos. fJiaBa 5 32
«A.D:PEC JlEHHHA» • • • • • • 0 • • • •• • •

1951
KAPEJIO-<t>HHCKA5l CCP rnasa 6 59
«<!>PHU 13AY3P» . . . . . . . ... . . ... .. . .
6 'l. Us. KmmcTyJJ:HH «JleHcjJHJibM»
C~eH. A. CaJJ:OBCKHH, A. A. Y!IJaHOB; pelK. A. r. HBaHOB; onep. B. l.!yJI·
KOB, A. KceHocjJOHTOB, B. fopJJ:aHOB, B. MaKCHMOBH'l. fnasa 7 87
«13EfJ1EU»
KEMEPH
2 'l. Us. KnHOCTYJJ:HH «JleHcjJHJibM» rnasa 8 96
C~eH. 11 peiK. C. THMOllleHKo; onep. B. fopJJ:aHOB, ace. onep. f. Ma- «fP03A» . . . . .... . .. .... . . .
paHJJ:lKflH.
rnasa 9 138
«DETP OEPBbll''l» (nepsall cep!ill)

fnasa 10
. . . . . . . . . . 170
«MACI\APA.D:»

fnasa II 194
BOYIHA • • • • • • • •• • 0 • • • •

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1 M 1 )(l'Ka 6pb 1'931 ro.na. CJiesa Hanpaso : 1-ii pH.n- J1. E. CoKOJibCKHii,
C. JI . .Mef!HKHH, E. B. 4epBHKOB, C. A. BeJIS!eB. 1927 n.
II I Jll'll ll'l, B . fop.naHOB, H . BacHJibeB, J1. M. CaspaHCKHii ; 2-ii pll.n-
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paropa JI. H. BaJJbrep, ace. pe)!mccepa M. A. .Uo6posa, ssyKoorreparop
H. M. Myxaqes, B. B. fop,D;anos, ace. orreparopa B. f. I\oMM. 3a CTOJJOM
B. I\. BHCKOBCKHii B poJJn rroJIHI.\eii-rrpesaaeHTa
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Cn e sa Hanpaso: CI<All T onepaTop B. r opABHOB, p emH cce p B. n eTpos ,

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• h<cncpHMeHTaJibHbie QBCTHble KHHocneMKH. 1938. CJiesa Hanpaso:

II B. fop,llaHOB, B. H. CHHHUbiH, H. H . CopoxTHH, r. c. YJiaHOBa,
K. M. Ceprees, A. C. E epryHKep, JI. H . EeJioil

MncKapa.Ll». 1941. Pa6oquil MOMCHT. CJiesa Hanpaso: B. B. fop,llaHoB,

M . c. Mam)l, H. n. Mop)l.1lHHOB, T. <I>. MaKapoBa, C. A. fepac!lMOB
«ITeTp ITepBbiH». I cepHH . 1935. Pa6oquii MOMeHT

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MapT 1942 ro,ll,a
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49
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