1-13 ,n AH 1-1 J A H A A P X E 0110 W K 1-1 0 T MY 3 E J - C K0 nJ E

PUBLICATIONS DU MUSEE ARCHEOLOGIOUE SKOPJE

KHMrA II TOME

3BOPHHK (1957-1958)
RECUEIL DES TRAVAUX

...
CKOTIJE - 1958 - SKOPJE
 OOKPI1BHI1 KEPAMI1l:U1 On UPKBATA CB. CO<I>l1JA 80 OXPI1.U

n-p 5J1AfA AJIEKCOBA

ApxeonowKH My3ej, CKon]e.

Bo reKor Ha 1950-56 ro.zvma e u3Be.LI.eHa KOH3epsauuja Ha apxureKrypara u

H<HBOfiHCOT Ha upKsara Cs. Coqmja BO Oxpu.LI.. OpH U3Be.LI.yBalhero Ha KOH3epsarop-
CKUTe pa6oru Ha noKpHBHara KOHCTPYKLtHja Ha upKsara, orcrpaHa Ha oJirapHuor
npOCTOp, OTKpUeH e e.LI.eH MHOry 3HaqaeH H30.ll. O.ll. cpe.LI.HOBeK03H8 CJIOBeHC~a Kepa·
MHKa·. Hao.LI.or ro coquHysa HaceJI6uHcKa KepaMuKa so Koja ce 3acrar:eHu ca.LI.osu
pa3mtqHu no cpopMa u roJieMuHa. Mety osHe ca.LI.osu so roJieM 6poj ce 3acraneHu u
npHMepouH co cneuHjaJIHa HaMeHa .LI.a 6H.LI.ar nocraseHu so npa3HUHHTe orcrpaHa Ha
CBO.li.OT BO OJITapOT, 8 UMaJie 33.LI.aqa .ll.3 fO fiOfiOJIH3T U U3p3MH8T npOCTOpOT fiO.ll.
noKpHsor, Koj e Ha .LI.Be BO.LI.u. Cure KepaMHqKu ca.LI.oBu 6HJie nocraseHH e.LI.HOBp3-
.LI.pyro co orsopHre Ha.LI.OJiy, 3a .LI.a npercrasysaar noMaJI rosap Ha CBO.li.OT. Bo osaa
KepaMUK8 UMa 38CTaneHO C8.li.OBH BO cpopMa H8 8Mcpopu, fiOT08 6UKOHHqHH C3.li.OBH,
O.ll. KOH HeKOU CO U3.li.OJIH<eHa UJHja, MeWJieCTH C8.li.OBU-rpHUlb8 U fiUTOCU.
Opu u3Be.LI.yBalhero KOH3epsauHjara Ha noKpusHara KOHcrpyKUHja Ha upKsara
H8.ll. OJITapHUOT npOCTOp, KaKO U H8.ll. C8MUTe 6pO.LI.OBU, OTKpUeHU Ce H3BeCeH 6poj
noKpusHu J{epaMH.LI.U Ha Kou O.ll. BHarpeuJHara HJIH Ha.LI.sopernHara crpaHa ce Haotaar
OpHaMeHTU a H8 O.LI.U.eJIHU npuMepOUU U UeJIU H3TfiUCH.1
Bo noHaraMOrnHoro H3JIO.H<ysalbe Hue I{e ce 3a.LI.p.H<uMe Ha osue noKpusHH Ke-
paMH.LI.u, a 6oraruor HaO.LI. O.ll. KepaMuKa J{e 6u.LI.e noce6Ho o6jaseH.
CnoMeHarure noKpusHu J{epaMu.LI.u HMaar KOHuqHa uJiu ce.LI.Jierra cpopMa u CJIHqHu
Ce CO pUMCKHTe fiOKpHBHU KepaMU.li.H-UM6pHUeC, CO raa pa3JIHK3 lilTO H3liiHTe npuMe-
pOUH Ce fiOM3JIY CBUTK3HH U CO Hee.LI.H3KBU .li.UMeH3UU O.ll. o6ere CTp8HU flO rnupoqu-
H8T8, noroa HeMaar coceM npasuJIHa cpopMa u pa6os~ne uM ce HepaMHU. no csojara
cpopMa rue Ce CJIIiqHH, .li.OHeKa.LI.e, U H8 rypCKHTe fiOKpUBHH I{epaMH.li.U. 0pH6paHUTe
KepaMH.li.U CO OpHaMeHTHKa U H8TfiHCH H8 MeCTa Ce OliiTeTeHU, CO OTKplileHU pa60BU
a O.ll. e.LI.H8 KepaMU.ll.8 CO H3TfiUC e 3aqysaH CIMO e.LI.eH .LI.eJI.
ToqHoro Mecro, KaKo H qo6JIHCKU no.LI.aTOUH u OKOJIHocru 31 Haotalbero Ha
cHre I(epaMUJlU He e no3Haro. KepaMH.LI.ara co Harnucor KOI(n£U, 11. 'NAOP 11. - cnope.LI.
H3Becrysalbero Ha paKOBO.LI.HTeJIHre Ha pa6orure - e Haj.LI.eHa sp3 MaJirepor Ha.LI.
l{eHrpaJIHUOT .LI.eJI Ha OJITapHHOT 11pOCTOp 2, 33 KOj Ce CMera, Bp3 OCHOBa H3 .li.OCt'-
f8liiHHTe HCnHrysalba, .LI.eKa MY npHnata Ha HajcrapHOT apxHreKTOHCKH CKJIOn Ha

1) 3a MOJKHOCTa ~a ro o6pa6orraM M ooj aBaM Hao,11orr Hla :KepaMM,!IM, KaKo M kepa.MMKaTa

0,11 qpKBaTa Ca. Coqmja ao OxpM~, MY 6JiarO,!I apaM Ha B. 'IvmaH.
2) 3a IIO,!IaTOqviT'e OKOJIY OTK:pMBalheTO Ha KepaMM,!V'IT'e J1M OJiarop;apaM Ha K. TOMecKM
11 B. 'IMrraH.
49 APXEOJIOWKH MY3EJ - CKOnJE 2

I.J.pKsara3, Koj naK, sp3 ocHosa Ha HOBOOTKpHeHHo:r )f{H80nHc, ce ,naTHpa 80 XI 8. 4

npyrHTe I{ep8MH.ZJ.H CO H8TnHC H OpH81VleHTHI<8 ce Haj,neHH Ha,n ,npseliaTa I<OHCTpyKI.J.Hja
H8 ri0KpH80T, Bp3 6pO.ZJ.08HTe Ha I.J.pi<8aTa I<OH nperpneJie npenpa8I<H BO rypci<HOT
nepuo,n. 5
3aqy88HHTe KepaMH.ZJ.H Ce H3pa6oTeHH O.ZJ. HenpeqHCTeHa 3eMja BO KOja HM3
ocraTOI.J.H on: cuTeH a 'lOHei<orarn H on: ja.nep necoK. PeqHcH cuTe 3aqysaHH npHMe-
pOI.J.H HM88T I.J.p8eHa .ZJ.O CH8a 6oja H Ce ,no6po neqeHH. nHMeH3HHTe Ha I{epaMH.ZJ.HTe
ce: .ZJ.OJI)f{. 31-39 CM., Il1Hp. 19-2! CM., ,ne6. 2-3 CM.
Op!-taMeHfilwca, 1-lailiiiucu. CHTe o,n8oeHH I{epaMH.ZJ.H on: noKpHBOT Ha I.J.PI<Bara
C8. CoqlHja HMaaT H38eCHH ocraTOI.J.H on: opHaMeHTHI<a HJIH HII.TnHCH. Hei<OH npHMe-
pOI.J.H O.ZJ. 08He I{epaMH.ZJ.H Ce OpHaMeHTHpaHH O.ZJ. H8.ZJ.80pernH8Ta a ,npyrH 01( BH8Tpe-
Il1H8T8 cTpaHa. CaMHTe opHaMeHTH, Kai<o H HaTnHCHTe, spe3aHH ce npe.n neqelbero Ha
I{epaMH.li.HTe CO HeKai<OB OCTap npe,nMeT a H8 HeKOH I{epaMH.ZJ.H ce nOBJieqeHH CO npCTH.
OpHaMeHTHTe Ha I{epaMH.l(HTe rH coqHHysaar napanenHo H38JieqeHH JIHHHH no
.ZJ.OJI)f{HHaTa Ha KepaMH,nara. Ha e,neH npHMepoK no ,nOJI)f{HHHTa H,nar no TPH JIHHHH
napanenHo ce .no KpaHrnTaTa (en. 2, 6p. 3). Ha npHMepoi<oT (cn . 2, 6p . 2) napa-
neJIHHTe JIHHHH Ce nOBJieqeHH no I.J.eJiaTa Il1HpHH8 H8 I{epaMH.ZJ.8T8 H CHTe THe O.ZJ.
nOil1HpOK8Ta CTpaH8 ce 3a06HKOJieHH CO e,nHa nonyi<py)f{Ha JIHHHja. nsa npHMepOI<a
HM88T H38JieqeHO no .ZJ.OJI)f{HH8T8 neT . na paJieJIHH JIHHHH, KOH Ce 3aOI<py)f{eHH O.ZJ. no-
Il1Hp0I<8Ta crpaHa (en. 2, 6p. 4, 5).
OsHe JIHHHH ce nosneqeHH co npcTH a Ha Hei<OH on: npHMepOI.J.HTe H co ocrp11
opyn:Hja qHH rparH jacHo ce pacno3HasaaT (en. 1, 6p. 4). En:Ha I{epaMH.ZJ.8 co noMaJIH
.ZJ.HMeH3HH H CO nOMaJia pa3JIHK8 BO Il1HpHH8T8 H8 Kp3HlllT8T8 O.ZJ. H8.l(BOpeil1H8T8 CTp8Ha
e yKDaCeHa CO nonyi<py)f{HH OpHaMeHTH H3Be,neHH BO CHOnOBH O.ZJ. no Hei<OJII<Y JIHHHH
(en. 1, 6p. 1), .no.nei<a e,nHa CJIHIJHa I{epaMH,na Ha Ha.nsopernHara crpaHa HMa opHa-
MeHT O.ZJ. HenpaBHJIHH I<pyr08H H3Be,neHH CO Hei<aKOB OCTap npe,nMeT.
CeKaKo HajroneMo BHHMaHHe 3acny)f{y8aar KepaMH.ZJ.HTe co sceiJeHH HaTnHCH
I<aj I<OH .ZJ.88 npHMepOK8 Ce HCnHil18HH CO CJIOBeHCI<H 6yKBH a I<aj e,neH ¢parMeHTHp8H
npHMepoK HaTnHCOT e co rp'lKH 6yK8H. HaTnHCHTe Ha f{epaMH.ZJ.HTe I{e rH pa3rJieJI.aMe
noe,nHHeqHo.
Ha KepaMH.ZJ.8T8 (cJI. 2, 6p. a) H8TnHCOT reqe no .ZJ.0JI)f{HH8T8 BO .nsa pe.na.
0pBHOT pe,n 3anoqHyBa H8 CpeZI.HH8T8 O.ZJ. H8.ZJ.BOpernHaTa CTpaHa, O.ZJ.H KOCO H 38Bp-
rnysa so f{ornero Ha cnpOTHBHaTa cTpaHa. BropHoT pe.n ro CO'lHHyaaaT nocne,nHHTe
.ZJ.8e 6yKBH on: HaTnHCOT H ce Haoraar non: caMHOT noqeroK Ha npsHOT pen:. HarnHCOT
e HCnHWaH CO CJIOBeHCI<H 6yKBH BO nonyycTaB HJIH nonyyHI.J.HjaJIHO nHCMO H8 3ana,n-
H8T8 naneorpa¢Hja Ha CJie.ZJ.HHOB H81UiH: KOV'nlU, h. TOAO!lb..
He snerysajKH so n:eranHa H HCI.J.pnHa naneorpa¢cKa aHaJIH3a, os.u.e f{e Hacro-
HMe .na ro o6jacHHMe qHTalbeTo Ha cei<oja 6yKsa on: HaTnHCOT.6 5yKBaTa K e coceM
jaCHO HCriHil13H8, M8K8p Il1TO BO CJIOBeHCKHTe pai<OnHCHH CnOMeHHI.J.H H80f8Me K HCnH-
Il18HO H Ha MHory .u.pyrH HaqHHH. Bropara 6yi<sa cMeTaM .u.eKa npercrasysa 0, I<oe
e HCriHlliaHO MaJiy H3.ZJ.OJI)f{eHO, I<8KBO Ce cpe!{asa BO nOCTapHTe CnOMeHHI.J.H H HMa
Ha .U.OJIHHOT Kpaj e.u.Ho npo,nOJI)f{eHHe. Ha np8 norne.n osaa 6yi<sa HMa roneMa CJIH-
qHOCT co npeTnocne aHara 6yKsa P on: 080j HaTnHc. Metyroa, Kora .u.eranHo I{e ce
pa3rJie,naaT o6eTe 6yKBH, Ke ce KOHCT3THpa H3BeCH3 pa3JIHK3 BO H3Be.ZJ.yBalbeTO Ha
I<PY)f{HHTe .u.enosH I<aj o6aTa npHMepoi<a. Kaj 6yK8aTa 0 I<PY)f{HHOT .nen e HCnHrnaH
MaJiy H3.ZJ.OJI2keHO, CO no.ne.ZJ.H3KBH ITOJiyi<py)f{HH JIHHHH O.ZJ. o6eTe CTpaHH, ,no,nei<a K3 j

3) P . Jby6HHKOBMh, KoH3epsarropcKH pa,n;,oBH Ha l1PKBH Cs. Ooqmje y Oxpu,a,y, Beorpa,n;,

1955, 12.
4) Ibid, 12 ; II. MvrJbKOBYIK, <PpecKvrTe so cseTvrJIYilllTeTo Ha l1PKBaTa Cs. Coqmja so
Oxpvr,IJ;, 360[)HYIK Ha Apx My3., I, 1956, CKonje 37-67.
5) P. Jby6vrHKosvrh, op. cit. 13, 14.
6) Ilpvr pa3<rJie,n;yBaiheTO Ha 6yKBHTe 0,11 HaTIIYICOT Ce IIOCJIY:lKYIE CO JIYITepaTypaTa lllTO
MYI 6ellle ,n;ocTarrHa. E. KapcKv., QqepK cJiasjaHcKovr vr KYIPYIJIOBCKovr rraJieorpacbvrvr, B aplllasa,
1901 ; co CKPYIIITYITe no IlaJieorpa¢vrja o,n; BeJirpa,[ICKYIOT cPYIJI030cPCKYI cbaKyJITeT', o.n: r. Pa.n:oi-
'IYIK, Ka.KO VI CO IIOBeKe CT'a.TYII1 VI T'Oa 0,11 f. 'L!peMOlllHHK, Jb, CTojar~QBHK, MvrpKO Koc, f . Pa.n:o•jqvr:K,
1\. ;M:BvrK, J. MB<llf!OB, }3. Koposvr]{ 11 .liP.
3 IIOKPHBHH KEPAMHli.H Oil. UPKBATA CB . CO<I>HJA BO OXPHJI. 50

npernOCJie)l.H8Ta oyKBa KPY.>KHHOT .zr.eJI e HCnHIII8H co KOCa JIHHHja o.zr. .zr.ecHara H

3a06JieHa O)l. JieBara CrpaHa. npO.U.OJI.>KeHHeTO Kaj 6yKB8Ta 0 <;MeTaM .zr.eKa 611 MO-
.>KeJIO .zr.a 611.zr.e H3BJie'leHO H CJiyqajHO, 38IIITO H8TnHCOT e Bpe3aH npe.zr. neqe!heTO
Ha I<epaMH.zr.ara Ha MeKa r JIHHa, sp3 Koja He MO.>Ke .zr.a ce .zr.onpe paKara npH nHIIIY·
BalbeTO. nopa.zr.H TOa CMeTaM .zr.eKa BTOpara 6yKB8 611 MO.>KeJia .zr.a ce 'lHT8 K8KO 0,
Koe 3ae.zr.Ho co Y ce ynorpe6ysa so nocrap11re paKOnHCH uaMecro y, Koe Hcro raKa
ce cpeKasa .zr.oCTa pauo so cHre cnoMeHHQH. OY ro HaofaMe ynorpe6euo .~ so
CaMyHJIOBHOT HarnHc. 6a
ByKsara I1 e HCnHUiaHa soo6aqaeHo. Osaa 6yKsa HeMa HeKOH cneuH¢H'lHOCTH
so nocrapHre HHTY so nOHOBHTe paKonHCHH cnoMeHHQH. ByKsara E os.zr.e e HCnH-
UiaHa IIIHpoKo. ByKBara U HMa . Hero raKa B006H'laeHa 11 jacHa ¢opMa. CJie.zr.uara
6yKsa ~ e MaJiy HeBeiiiro H3pa3eHa, .zr.o.zr.eKa Hcrara raKBa npu . Kpajor Ha Harnucor
e HanoJIHO jacHa. 13yKBHre ,.. H " ce cpei<asaa·r no.zr.e.n.HaKBO yiiire so paHure paKo-
nucH. Bo no.zr.ouHeiiiHure cnoMeHHQH npeosJia.zr.ysa ynorpe6ara Ha 11.. Bo MaKe.zr.oHcKara
peueH3Hja qecro " ce 38MeHysa co E, IIITO e oco6eHocr Ha MaKe.U.OHCKHOT ja3HK.
13yKBara T os.zr.e e HCIIHUiaHa co ornyiiireHH .zr.se KPHJia o.zr. o6ere crpaHH. BaKBO-
TO m npeosJia.zr.ysa so cserosilara KHH.>KeBHocr o.zr. Kpajor Ha XIII B.
DYKB8T3 0 e HCnHUI8Ha B006H'laeHO a no Hea .zr.oaf'a Ll, KOe HM8 MaJiy IIO·
oco6eaa ¢opMa co H3Jl.OJJ.>KeHH1 e KpaKOBH a ce cpeh:asa qecro so CJIOBeHCKHTe
paKonHcH. Osaa 6yKsa ce Haota so pa3JIH'lHa ¢opMa HCnHIIIaHa so cJioBeHCKHre pa-
KOnHCH. Bo jyrocJioBeHCKHre JIHCTHHH o.zr. Kpajor Ha XIII a. 6yKaara ja · npo.zr.oJI.>Kysa
JIHHHjara Ha cspreHHOr qaraJI a .zr.ecHara ce cocrasa co ropHara H ·ce .zr.o6usa R.
13yKsara R, no H8'lHHOT Ha Koj e HCnHIIIaHa, co MaJI Kpy.>KeH .zr.eJI 1:1 H3.U.OJI.>KeHa JIHHHja,
Ce Cpeh:aBa BO CJIOBeHCKHTe CIIOMeHHQH.
no pa3rJie.U.yBa!he H8 CHTe 6yKBH nOe)l.HHe'lHO, H3TnHCOT O)l. ltepaMHJl.8T8 6H
MO.>KeJI .zr.a ce 'lHra KaKo Kyneu To.zr.op 11 61:1 03Ha'lyBaJI Tproaeu To.zr.op7, IIITO cMeraM
.zr.eKa e nosepojarHo, or KOJIKY Kpyneu To.zr.op, IIITO 611 03HaqysaJio JIHQe Koe ce 3aHuMaBa
CO CHTHO 6paiiiHO, T. e. JIHQe KOe MeJieJIO HJIH npo.zr.aBaJIO CHTHO 6paUIH0.8
ByKsure o.zr. HarnHcor Koynw," TQ,&.Ojll\ no csojara ¢opMa 1:1 Ha'lHHOT Ha Koj ce
HCnHIII8HH Ce Cpeh:asaar BO paHHTe CJIOBe.HCKH . CnOMeHHQH, K8KO H BO Bpe'MeTO O)l.
XIII B~ Osoj no.zr.aroK 3ae.zr.Ho co no.zr.aroQHTe 3a ycJIOBHre 11 OKOJIHOCTHTe Ha uao-
ta&e'f'o h:e HH noMorHe .zr.a Ji.oj.zr.eMe .zr.o H3BeCHH npernocraBKH Kora ce HanpaBeHH
J{epaMHJl.HTe Haj.zr.eHH Ha nor<pHBOT ua upKsara CB. Co¢11ja BO Oxp11.zr.. CaMoro HMe
co 03Ha'leHara npo¢ec11ja ua I<epaMH)I.ara cMeraM .zr.eKa MO.>KeJio .zr.a 6u.zr.e HCIIHIIIaHo
KaKo HMe Ha .zr.apo.zr.aseuor Ha h:epaMHJl.HTe co KOH 6HJia npenpoKpHeHa UPKBara.
Ha I<epaMH.zr.ara (cJI. 2, 6p. 3) no )I.OJI.>KHHara ua ua.zr.sopeiiiHara crpaaa e HCIIH-
UiaHo CO CJIOBeHCKH 6yKBH HMeTO MHjlQCAdR. h.. l1Ma MO.>KHOCT )1.8 ce npernOJiara .zr.eKa
6a) Pl JilBa HOB, U ap CaMyM.noBaTa . CTOJJMD;a IIpecna, Jil3BeCT11H Ha Apx. JilHCT. Coc:P11H,
I, 1910, 59.
7 ) L . Sadnik - R. Eitcetmtiler, Handwoterbuch zu den Altkirchen-slawischen Texen,
Heidelberg, 1955, 49 Kynhu;,h - Handler, Kaufmann; Fr Miklosich, Etymologisches Worterbuch
des Slawischen Sprachen, Wien, 1886, 148 - Kyni1-Kyrrl1T11-KYrreD;b OTKyn-npeKyneu;.;
Jil. Cpe3HeBCKI1, MaTepHH.IT11 .z:I.ITH C.ITOBapa .z:~peBHe pyccKaro H3b!Ka, I , rpaQ, 1955, 1374 - KYITbL\b-
,K yrreu;b-npio6peTaroll\iM, TOpryiOll\i:i1, mercator.
. r . )l.aHJ1qJ1fi, PjeqHJ1K J13 Klb11:>KeBHl1X C:Tapi1Ha cpnCK11X, I , Beorpa.z:~ , 1863, 508- KOY
rr11TM - congregare, KoynMTI1- emere. ·
A. Meie, 06ll\OC.ITaBHHCKJ1M H3b!K, MOCKB a, 1951, 291 MMeHKJ1 KOH 03H:aqyBaaT HeKaKBO
.z:~ej CTBI1e Ce rrp aBaT CO CYcPl1KCOT' ITCbTBOpeQ, OA TBOPI1Tl1 M.IT11 . KOYITbL\b OA KOYIII1TI1. . . .
S) 360pOT Kpyneu; BO CJIOBeHCKI1Te peqHMD;I1 UITO Ml1 6ea .z:10CTaiTHl1 He ycneaB .z<a ro
Haj):laM. MefyTOa, qeCTO BO C.ITOBeHCKMTe peqeHML\M ce cpeKaBa 300POT ropyna-KpyrrMu;a.
F. Miklosich, o. c. 143 KPYna-mica, KPYnwu;a, K:pyna-nhUieHJ1qhHa.
L . Sadnik - R. Eitzetmtiller, o. c. 48 xpyrrMu;a-Brosame, Krtimchen.
B. KapaJ,IMK:, CpncKl1 peqHMK, Beorpa):l,1935, 319 Kpynwu;a-Stuck, fragmentum.
.. Neuder_:t-Ruth, Slnvnik Cesko-nemecky, Praha, 115 krupej-Tropfen; krupnik-Graupen-
muhlle ; krupar-Mehlhandler. ·
C.noBap u;nKOBHO c.nasHHCKaro 11 pyccK.aro li311Ka, I, C. II. 1867, 475 K.pyna-x.ne6Hl1e 3epHa.
F . Mikrosich, Lexicon Paleoslavenico-gra eco-la tinum, Vindobonae, 1862-65, 314 kl'oupa -
~II X !OV - RbllliHH'IbHA ; KPOI(RH I\4 - \JrtX IOV.
Jil. Cpe3HeBCKI1, o. c. 1935, KPSDHI\4 - mica pants ; KP!Snhl - nuuHH'IHbl ( O'BJ1t&a:J... ts).
51 APXEOJIOWI<H MY3BI - 'CKOiiiE 4

HMeTo ua osaa l{epaMH.ll.a ro 03Haqysa HCTO raKa HMeTo Ha .zr.apo.zr.aBenor Ha OBHe

KepaMH.li.H 38 npenOKpHB8lbe H8 QpKBaTa, HJIH naK HMeTO Ha MajCTOpOT WTO fH Ha-
npaBHJI KepaMH.li.HTe.
fiyKBaTa M H8 OBOj H8TnHC e HCnHllJaHa umpOKO CO OCTpa cpe.zr.Ha JIHHHja, WTO
e KapaKTepuo 3a cnoMeHHQH o.zr. XI B., a qecTo ce cpeKaBa BO jyrocJioBeHCKOTO
nucMo o.zr. XII B. fiyKaaTa l1 e ucnHwaHa co Many Koca cpe.zr.Ha JIHHHja. Bo CTapuTe
CUOMeHHQH Ce cpeKaBa l1 CO nonpeKy nOCTaBeHa cpe.zr.Ha JIHHHja, HO HCTOBpeMeHO
ce cpeJ{asaaT OTcranyaalha co Koca cpe.zr.Ha JIHHHja. fiyKBaTa P e Hcnuwaua co .zr.onra
JIHH'Hja H MaJI 3aoKpy}l{eH .zr.en. fiyKauTe C H A HeMaaT cnenuqJH'lHH KapaKTepHCTHKH.
¢OpMaTa Ha 6yKBaTa d CO H3.11.0JI}I{eHa .'lHHHja H M8JI Kpyr OTCTpaHa e B006uqaeHa BO
nonyycTaBHOTO nHCMO. 5yKaaTa B e ucnHwaHa pe'lHCI1 co nponopnuoHaJIHI1 .zr.eJIOBH,
.zr.ypu H co noroneM ropeH .zr.en. 11HaKy, B co noMaJI ropeH .zr.en e KapaKTepuo 3a
no.zr.onHeWHH cnoMeHHQH. O.zr. Tl1nor H Ha'lHHOT Ha ucnuwyBalhero Ha 6yKBHTe o.zr.
OBOj H3TllHC .zr.oafaMe .11.0 CJIH'lHH no.zr.aTOQI1 KaKO H npH npeTXO.li.HHOT npHMepOK. I1Ma
MO}I{HOCT .zr.a ce npeTUOJiara .zr.eKa HMeTO MHjlOCAdK k Ha OBaa KepaMH.ll.a HCTO T8Ka fO
03Haqyea .zr.apo.zr.asenoT Ha oaHe I{epaMHU.H 3a npenoKpHBalhe Ha npKaaTa, HJII1 naK
HMero Ha Majcropor uno m HanpaBHJI KepaMH.li.HTe.
Ha <)JparMeHrupaHaTa I{epaMH.ll.a (cn. 2, 6p. 4) so cpeJl.HHara, no wupuHara, ce
Haotaar r p'lKHTe curHarypH S iap. CMeraM .zr.eKa QBHe curHaTypu 6u MO}I{ene .zr.a ce
'li1Taar 8eo·n:1i<.o£ p.a;ptu. flpsara 6yKsa HeMa HI1KaK8o cOMHeHue .zr.eKa e .:t, Koe e co
H3BJie'leHa JIHHHja u nurarypa, a npeTcTasysa cJ:CpareHo nulllysalbe Ha 8eO£ HJIH
8eorcf>to£. Ha HalllHOB HarnHc 611 MO}I{eJio .zr.a ce 3eMe caMo srop11or Ha'lHH Ha 'lHTa-
lhe, 38WTO, KaKO WTO Ke BH.li.HMe, BO npO.li.OJI}I{eHHe Ha KepaMH.ll.aTa ce H80fa p.a;p,
Koe MO}I{e cJio60JJ.HO .zr.a ce 'lHTa KaKo Mupta;,9 Bo Toj cJiyqaj, neJIHOT HaTnHC 6H ce
'li1TaJI: 8eotd'lC.O£ Ma;pta; - 6oropO.li.HQ8 Mapuja. CHrHaTypHre Mi' ev
qecTO ce cpe-
Kasaar IIOKpaj JIHKOT Ha 6oropO)I.HQ8 BO cpe.zr.HOBeKOBHHOT }I{HBOllHC, KaKO H Ha
BH3aHTHCKHTe MOHeTH Ha KOH ce Haota fioropOAHQa, H TOraw e COCeM jaCHO .zr.eKa
MP ey ce 'lHTa KaKo MHTHP 6EOY. - : Boropo.zr.una. 10
_ · HaTnucor Ha KepaMH.li.HTe so Koja ce cnoMeHysa Boropo.zr.una cMeTaM .zr.eKa He
e CJiyqajHO HCllHlllaH. Toj e HCIIHlll8H HJIH 0.11. )l.apo.zr.aseQOT Ha I{epaMH.li.HTe, KOH fH
·n.ocBeTyaa J;Ia xpaMoT Ha Boropo.zr.~o~na, HJIH naK o.zr. caMHTe MajcTopu wTo ru HMaaT
.H3pa6oTeHo KepaMHAHTe. Bo osoj cJiyqaj MH ce 'lHHH AeK8 HMa nosei{e ocHOBa .zr.a
ce BepyB8 OTH. HaTnHCOT e 0)1. CaMHTe .zr.apo.zr.aBQH HJIH HCnHW8H nO HHBHa }l{eJI6a,
o.zr.olllTO o.zr. c·8MHre Majcropu wro ru H3pa6orune .l{epaMH.li.HTe. Be.zr.H8W nata so oqu
.zr.eKa CHfHaTypHTe Ha OBa~ I{epaMH)I.a ce , HCnlilllaHH CO rp'lKH 6yKBH, 38 p83JIHKa 0.11.
THe H8 .zr.pyrHTe npHMepOQH, 'lHH llJTO HaTUHCH Ce 113Be.zr.eHH CO CJIOBeHCKH 6yKBH.
Oaa He Tpe6a .zr.a He qy .li.H Kora 3HaeMe .zr.eKa so HaTnHCHTe Ha }I{HBonucor so caMaTa
npKaa Ca. Co<jJHja, KaKo u so nemwr cpe.zr.HoBeKoBeH }I{HBOnHc, noKpaj cJioseHcKaTa
a36yKa, so ynorpe6a e H rp'!Kara . .fp'lKHTe curHarypH noKpaj Boropo.zr.Hna Kaj Hac,
Ha fiaJIKaH_CKHOT flonyocrpos, .zr.onro ce ynoTpe6ysaar KaKo Kaj <)JpecKuTe, TaKa u
Kaj HKOHHTe, H HI1B rH cpei{asaMe ce .zr.o Kpajor Ha XIX B., a noHeKoraw H no.zr.onHa.
BaKBOTO 'lHTalbe Ha HaTnHcor Ha osaa J{epaMH.ll.a MH H3rne.zr.a HajsepojarHo. Ho
0.11. TaKBOTO 'lHTalbe Ce HaMeTHyaa e.zr.HO HOBO npalllalbe, O.li.HOCHO MO}I{HOCT 38 e.zr.Ha
HOBa npernocTaaKa, Ha Koro 6uJia OAnpBHH nocaeTeHa npKBara Cs. Co<)Juja BO Oxpu.zr..
Pa.zr.ojq!ii{ CMera .zr.eKa e .zr.oKa}l{aHo OTH npKBHTe Ha CB. Co<)Juja ce npBo6HTHO no-

9) A. Frolow, Sainte Marth~ ou La m~re de Dieu? The Bulletin of the byzantine inst.,
Paris, 1946, 79-82 - nojaaa'l'a Ha c11marypMTe aa Maprra noK:paj BoropO.z:\M~a CMeTa ):leKa e so
~PKBaTa Ca. Cnac, so Hape):IM~a Kaj Hoaro po):l, no norpewKa Ha MajcTopoT. Cnope):l KoH-
):IaKoa, Q:Jp ecKaTa e KOnMja Ha e):leH rp"'KM Mo,n;eJI OKOJIY VIII aeK, Ka):le MajKaTa 6o:JKja 6uJia
03Ha"!eHa co TMTyJia, Jierea,l\a wrro 6vma TOil'aw so ynoTp.e6a a Koja MO:lKeJra ):Ia ce yrrorrp€6H M 4
aeKa no):IO~Ha so Hep€.z:\M~a. H. KoH,n;aKoB, MaK~):Ionnja, CT. IleTep6ypr, 1909, 2.79; lifKoHorpa-
Q:lMja, BoroMaTepH, II, CT. IleTep6ypr 1915, 310-311; ToJicToj - KoH):IaKoa, ,ll;peaHOCTM, VI,
135-136. Cnope):l QMTMpaH>eTO Ha <I>poJIOB.
10) H . Goodacre, Coinage of the Byzantine Empire, London, 1928, 16.
5 ~OOKPHBHI-1 KEPAMI1lll1 OA UPKBATA Cil. CO<l>IIJA BO OXPH.U 52
----------------~---------

cseTeHo Ha XpHcTa, 11 na cnope.n; Toa H Cs. CoqJHja so OxpH.n; MY OHJia npso nocse-
TeHa Ha XpHcTa-My.n;pocT. 12 Bo osa .n;oBOJIHO Hepa3jacHeTo npawalbe He 6H . caKaJie
.n;a HaBJierysaMe, 3arnTo HanoJIHO 611 ce o.n;.n;aJieiiHJie o.n; MaTepHjaTa 3a KOja CTaHysa
36op. Ho HaTnHCOT Ha I{epaMH,n;aTa Ka.n;e ce cnoMeHysa 5oropo.n;Hu,a HH .n;asa MO:>KHOCT
3a npeTnocTaBKa .n;eKa TOKMY MajCTopoT HJIH .n;apo.n;aseu,oT, KaKo WTO e soo6HIIaeHo,
I{epaMH.ll;HTe MY flf UO.ll;apysa Ha xpaMOT H fO HCUHWyBa HMeTO Ha CBeTHTeJIOT Ha
Koj e xpaMOT nocseTeH. Bo HarnHOB cJiyqaj osa . MH e noseRe 3a sepysalbe o.nowTo
H8 KepaMH.l{cl'Fa HMeTO Ha 5oropO.ll;Hl1,8 .n;a e
CJiyqajHO HCUHlllaHO BO pa60THJIHHU,8T3
3a KepaMH.ll;H. Uopa,n;H TOa, KaKO H nopa,n;H nOBeKeKpaTHOTO CJIHKalbe H8 5oropO.ll;Hl1,8
BO anCH)l;aTa H H8 CTOJIOOBHTe npe.n; HKOHOCTaCOT, HMa MO:>KHOCT 38 npeTnOCTaBK8
npso6HTHaTa u,pKBa Ca. Coqmja .n;a 11 6HJia ompBHH nocseTeHa Ha 5oropo.n;Hu,a-
My.n;pocT.
OcTaTOU.H o.n; CJIHIIHH KepaMH.ll;H co opHaMeHTH HJIH HaTnHCH o.n; cJioseHCKHOT
nepHo.n; Kaj Hac He MH ce no3HaTH. CJIHIIHH npHMepou,H no ¢opMa H, .n;oHeKa.n;e, no
opHaMeHTHKa ce cpe.n;HoseKOBHHTe noKpHBHH !{epaMH,n;H o.n Ma.n;apa so 5yrapHjaP
Ha osHe I{epaMH.ll;H o.n; HaJ(.sopewHaTa CTpaHa ce HaotaaT opHaMeHTH o.n; 6paHOBH.ll;KH
JlHHHH H 3HaU,H CO 6yKBaTa 5. 14
Cpe.n;HoseKOBHHTe rpa.n;e:>KHH KepaMHllHH ocTaTOU.H, so nps pe.n; rpa.n.e:>KHH TYJIH
Kaj Hac, na H BO ,n;pyrHTe CJIOBeHCKH 3eMjH, He ce CHCTeMaTCKH npH6paHH, KJ18CH<lJH-
KyBaHH H npoyiieHH, K8KOB lllTO e CJiyqajOT CO aHTHIIKHOT KepaMHlleH rpa,n;e:>KeH
MaTepHjaJI. fpa.n;e:>KHH TYJIH o.n; cpe.n;HoseKOBHO· cJioseHCKH npQ¢aHH. rpa.n;6H so Ma- ·
Ke.ll;OHHja Ce COCeM MaJiy n03HaTH, nopa,n;H T08 lllTO .ll;OCera He e ,C.HCTeM8TCKH HCUHTyBaH
HHe,n;eH 0.11; cpe.ll;HOBeKOBHHTe rpa.ll;OBH HJlH n03HaqajHH CJIOBeHCKH HaCeJIOH CO
OCT8TOU,H 0.11; KYKH 38 :>KHBeelbe . .l13BeCeH rpa,n;e:>KeH KepaMHlleH MaTepHjaJI e n03HaT
Oll 3aqysaHHTe HJlH pa3ypHaTHTe CaKpaJIHH rpa.ll;OH.
f1o3HaTHTe cpe.n;HoseKOBHH rpa.n;e:>KHH TYJIH, no ¢opMa, .n;HMeH3Hja a HeKoraw H
no OpHaMeHTHKa, CJIHIIHH Ce H8 .ll;Oll,H0-8HTH•llKHTe H , BH3aHTHCKHTe npHMepOU,H. fpa-
,n;e:>KHitTe TYJIH o.n; cpe.n;HoseKOBHH u,pKBH o6HIIHO HMaaT saKBH ,n;HMeH3HH: ,n;OJI:>K. 30-40
CM., rnHp. OKOJiy 30 CM. H .n;e6. 4-5 CM. OpHaMeHTHKaTa Ha saKBH TYJIH o6HqHo ce
COCTOH 0.11; npaBH napaJieJIHH JlHHHH H3BJieqeHH no .ll;OJI:>KHH3Ta H8 TyJiaTa HJlH no
.ll;Hj8fOHaJiaT8 1 nOT08 0.11; UOJiyKpyrOBH H nopeTKO 0.11; U,eJIH KpyrOBH HJIH 3806JieHH
JlHHHH. 0BHe JlHHHH HajqeCTO ce nOBJieiieHH CO npCT a noHeKOralll H CO OCTpH
opy.n;Hja. Bo ypHaTHHHTe Ha u,pKsaTa Cs. ATaHacHe Kaj c. JiewoK, TeTOBCKO, Haj.n;eHa
e e.n;Ha TyJia co spe3aH 3HaK 5. 15 Bo spcKa co npawalbeTo Ha rpa.n;e:>KHHOT Kepa-
MHIIeH MaTepHjaJI so MaKe.n;oHHja, co THnOBHTe TYJIH H I{epaMH.ll;H, KaKo H 3a HHBHaTa
opHaMeHTHKa, .n;pyrnaT I{e nHwysaMe noonwHpHo.
\.. O.n; .n;ocerarnHOTO H3Jiaralhe rJie,n;aMe .n;eKa Ha noKpHBHHTe !{epaMH.ll;H o.n; u,pKBaTa
C'll._ Co¢Hja ce nojasysaaT opHaMeHTH so BH.ll; Ha napaJieJIHH JIHHHH, noJiyKpyrosH
H KpyrOBH, K3KO H OpHaMeHTH BO <iJopMa Ha nOJiyKpyrOBH 0.11; CHOnOBH JlHHHH. Uo-
Kpaj OBHe JlHHeapHH OpHaMeHTH, H8 I{epaMH.ll;HTe rO HaofaMe HCUHlll3HO CO CJIOBeHCKH
6yKBH 3aHHMalbeTO Ha e,n;eH - CeK8KO - ,napo,n;aseu,, HerOBOTO HMe, KaKO If e,n;HO
.n;pyro llHCTO CJIOBeHcKo HMe H HaKpaj cHrHaTypH Ha 5oropo.n;Hu,a. Pa3JllfllHH MOHO-
rpaMH, neqaTH H 3HaU,H Ha paOOTHJIHHU,H Ce n03HaTH BO CJlOBeHCK8T3 KepaMOrpa<lJHja
H HHB OOHllHO fH cpei{asaMe Ha Ca.ll;OBH CO pa3JlHIIHa <iJopMa H fOJieMHH3 BO CHTe
cJIOBeHCKH 3eMjH, na H Ha 5aJIKaHOT. Kaj Hac, so MaKe,n;oHHja, neqaT e ycTaHoseH
no.n; rpJIOTO Ha e.n;Ha aM¢opa o.n; Hao.n;oT sa KepaMHKa so caMaTa u,pKsa Ca. Co¢Hja.
Toj Hao.n; ro .n;aTHpaMe so X -XI s. UeJIH HamHCH Ha 3eMjaHH ca.n;osH ce .n;ocTa peTKH.

11) C. Pa)l;ojql1fi, <PpecKe MapoBcKor MaHaCTI1pa ; 36opHI1K Bl13aH. 11HCT. Beorpa,!J; 1956,
222', 223.
12 ) Ibid. 223.
13) K. M11HTeB; CJiaBHHCKa KepaMI1Ka, CoqmjH, 1948, 61 CJI. 51.
14) Ibid. CJI. 51.
15) KepaMI1)l;aTa e OTKpl1eHa BO ypHa'I'HH11Te Ha llPKBaTa npH peKorHOCI.111PalbeTo BO
1954 ro)l;. 3a OBaa llPKBa MMa lli1WyBaHO P . rpyj11fi, IlOJIOWKO-TeTOBCKa enapx11ja, rCH,ll;,
CKonje, Klb. V ; 1928.
53 AI>XEOJ!OWKH MY3EJ - CKOlljE 6
~--~---------------------

E.n:eH o.n: no3HaqajHure e ceKaKo Harnucor Ha KHeBCKH rpaqap o.n: XI B. no.n: rpJioro
Ha e.n:Ha aM<lJopa, 16 3a Koj HarnHc P>KHra cMera .n:eKa ro 03Haqyaa concrBeHHKOT Ha
ca.n:or11 a PH6aKoB ro tiHTa ,co >KeJI6a .n:a ce BH.IJ:H ceKoraw nonH". 18
CnoMeHarHre I{cpaMH.IJ:H o.n: upKBara Ca. Co<lJHja, Bp3 ocHoaa Ha 3atJyBaHIHe
HarnHCH, cMeraM .n:eKa ce H3pa6oreHH o.n: .n:oMarnHH Majcropu. Ha 9Baa npernocraaKa
o.n: e.n:Ha crpaHa He HaBe.n:yBaarEco CJIOBeHcKa a36y1<a HcnurnaHHTe l:fMHlha, KaKo u
ynorpe6ara Ha ...lJHCro 'CJIO.BeHCKO HMe. 3~wro, BO cJiyqajoB, H o6ara HaTnHca .n:a
03HatJyBaar .IJ:8po.n:aBUH Ha KepaMH.IJ:H 3a ripenoKpHBalbe Ha upKBara, BepyBaM .n:eKa
ce rue HCnHrn8HH o.n: Majcropure [Ha:i; Jtep8MH.IJ:HTe a H8 6ap8lhe o.n: .IJ:8po.n:aBUHTe
Ha MHeHue cMe .n:eKa rpa.n:e:>KHHOT cpe.n:HoaeKoBeH KepaMHtieH MarepujaJI K8j
HaC - TJJII:f BO pa3JIHlJH8 fOJieMHHa H CO pa3JIHlJHa HaMeH8, nOKpHBHH J{epaMH.IJ:H H
ryJIH 3a nonJioqyBalbe- e H3pa6oryBaH BO noce6HH pa6orHJIHHUH a He BO OHHe BO
KOH ce H3p860TyBaHH 3eMjaHH Ca.IJ:OBH. 5. PH63KOB HMa HCTO MHeHHe BO O.IJ:HOC Ha
rpHqapcraoro u ,KepnHlJHOe .n:eJio", 38 apeMe Ha XI B. BO PycHja. 19 Pa6orHJIHHUHTe
38. H3pa60TK8 H3 KepaMHlJHH C3.IJ:OBH, KaKO H KepaMH'IeH rpa.n:e>KeH MaTepHjaJI, CeKa·
KO ce HaotaJie so OKOJIHjara Ha OxpH.n: HJIH Kpaj Crpyra, Ka.n:e H .n:eHec no OKOJIHHTe
ceJI8, Ha np. Kaj c. Pa.n:oJIHrnre, 3eMjaT8 o.n: H3BeceH 6poj HHBH ce ynorpe6yB8
HCKJIJlJHBO 3a H3p860TI<a Ha 3eMj3HH Ca.IJ:OBH.
,D,aiiiupalbe Ha HaO/l,Oiii. 3a .n:arHpalbe Ha noKpHBHHTe . J{epaMH.IJ:H o.n: upKBara
Cs. Co<lJHj8 BO Ox pH.D: cMeT aM .n:e1<a rpe6a KaKo npBo .n:a ce 3eMar npe.n:BH.IJ: Mec-
roro H OKOJIHocrare no.n: KOH ce THe Haj.n:eHH, na noroa <lJopMaTa, opHaMeHTHKara,
KaKo H caMHTe HarnHcH H8 KepaMH.IJ:HTe. Ho, ~H.n:eji!H 3a OKOJIHocrv.re Ha Haoi'8lhero
HMaMe coceM ocKy .IJ:HH no.n:arouH, HaTnHCHTe Ha i!epaMH.IJ:HTe BO cJiylJ8jOB HH ce o.n:
OC06eHa Ba>KHOCT H Bp3 OCHOBa .Ha TOa Ke H8CTOjyBaMe .IJ:8 H3BJielJCMe 6ap H3BeCHH
npernOCT8BKH, aKO He 3aKJIJlJOUH.
Cnope.n: H3Becryaalbero Ha paKOBO.IJ:HTeJIHTe Ha KOH3epBaropcKHTe pa60TH,
KepaMH.n:ara co HaTnHcor Kol(nEU. 11. TOAOll 11. e aaj.n:eHa Ha.n: ueHrpaJIHHOT .n:eJI o.n: ancH-
.n:ara HaJJ: KOja 6HJI 3alJyBaH MaJirepOT . HaJJ: noJiyKaJIOTaTa ap3 KOj 6HJie nOCTaBeHH
J{ep8MH.IJ:Hre. Co aa>KHHOT no.n:aroK .n:aJIH MaJirepor HMaJI OTHCOK o.n: HajAeHHTe I{epa-
MH.IJ:H He pacnoJiaraMe, 3awro Bp3 oBoj MaJirep o.n: npBo6HTHOTO no.n:Hralhe H8 UPK·
sara MO>KeJIO .n:a HMa OCTaTOUH, OJI.HOCHO OTHCOUH H O.IJ: HeKOH .n:pyrH I(epaMH.IJ:H HJIH,
wro He e HCKJiy'IeHo, H o.n: OJIOBHH nJIOtiKH, a HajJI.eHHTe KepaMH.IJ:H .JI.a ce nocra-
BeHH npH n().IJ:OUHeWHH pecraBpau;m HJIH npepe.n:yBalba Ha J{epaMH.IJ:HTe. MaJirepor
HaJJ. ancHJI.ara 6HJI nocraBeH H HaJieneH Bp3 KepaMHtiHHTe ca.n:oBH orcrpaHa Ha
noJiyKaJiorara. 0Ba8 noBp3aHocr H8 MaJirepor co KepaMHtiHHTe ca.n:oBH, 3a KOH HeM8
COMHeHHe .JI.eKa ce O.IJ: BpeMeTO Ha npB06HTHOTO SH.IJ:albe . Ha UpKBaTa, HH .n:aBa MO>K·
HOCT 38 npernOCTaBKa .n:eKa H MaJITepOT e O.IJ: HCTOTO apeMe. DpH B8KBaTa nOJIO>K6a,
aKo pacnoJiaraBMe co no.n:aroKOT .n:eKa Haj.n:eHure I{apaMH.li:H 61:1J1e 3aJienemi Ha
MaJirepor, .npernocraBKara JI.eKa J{epaMH.IJ:HTe ce o.n: ucroro BpeMe I{e 6ewe no
BepojarHa.
CHre .n:pyru npuMepouH co opHaMeHTH u Harnucu ce HajJI.eHH Bp3 .n:paeHara
nOKpHBHa. KOHqpyKUHja Ha.D: CBO.IJ:OBHTe, KOja e nO.IJ:HfH'8T3 BO rypCKHOT nepHO.IJ:.
Bp3 OCHOBa caMo Ha OBHe no.n:arouu rernKo e co curypHocr .n:a ce Ka>Ke .n:aJIH
KepaMH.IJ:HTe co Harnuc H opH8MaHTHKa ce nocraBeHM so BpeMero Kora e no.n:HrHara
upKBara HJIH no.n:ouHa npH JI.OSH.ll:yBalhero H npepeJI.yBalhero Ha i!epaMH.D:HTe. THno
JIOWKH " no opHa_MeHTHKa i!epaMHJI.HTe ce MHory 6JIHCKH co npHMepouHre o.n: Ma-
.n:apa.20 . Ho, Bp3 OBaa . CJIHlJHOcr HHe He , MO>KeMe .n:a rH .IJ:8THpaMe HarnuBe i!epaMH.IJ:H.
DpH p83rJie.n:yaalbe Ha JtepaMH.IJ:HTe Bp3 KOH ce HCllHlllaHH HaTnHCii .n:o8taMe .n:o
H3BeCHH npernocraBKH. DpHMepoKOT Ha Koj ce HCnHrnaHH cHrHarypHre Ha . 5oropo-
.IJ:MUa HH .n:aaa .n:oHeKa.n:e MO>KHOCT .n:a BepyaaMe .n:eKa roj 6u MO>KeJI .n:a 6u.n:e o.n:

1 6)B . A. PJ.:I6aKOB, PeMecno ):lpeBHeti PycJ.:I, MocKBa-Jiemmrp~, 1948, 367-368.

1 7)Ibid. 370.
18) Ibid. 370.
1 9)Ibid. 357.
20) K. MJ.:I!!Tes op. cit. en. 51.
7 llOKPYIBHI1 KEPAMHJHI O,U UPKBATA CB . CO<PHJA BO OXPHJI. 54
---------------------------
BpeMero H3 SH.ZJ:3I-bero H3 upKa3T3 HnH o.n: HeKOj3 no.n:ouHeum3 pecr3ap3UHj3, .n:o.n:eK3
Ca . CocpHj3 6Hna yrnre upKaa.
H3TnHCOT H3 KOl(nfU, k TO,<\Oil k H MHjlOCI\dK b H3 I{ep3MH.ZJ:HTe CMeT3M .n:eK3 MO}Ke
.ZJ:3 ce 3eMe co 3Haqe!-be H3 .ZJ:3po.n:aauH caMo npH npenoKpHa3I-bero H3 upKB3T3 HnR
npH e.n:H3 no.n:ouHeillH3 peCT3Bp3UHja .n:o speMero 1<0[3 e Ca. cocpHj3 npersopeH3 BO
I,I3MHj3. AH3nH33ra H3 6yKBHre H3 o63r3 cnoaeHCKH · HarnHC3 H3 oaHe I{ep3MH.ZJ:H ·e
so npHnor H3 H3Ill3Ta aropa nper nocr3aK3, .n:eK3 I{epaMH.ZJ:HTe ce o.n: apeMero H3 e.zr.Ho
no.n:ouHernHo npenoKpHa3I-be H3 upKa3r3 Ca. Cocpaja.
Hao.n:or H3 noroneMHOT 6poj I<ep3MH.ZJ:H ap3 cao.n:osHre H3 6po.zr.oaHre ao upK-
a3T3, KOH 6Hne npenoKpHeHR co .n:paeH3 noKpHBH3 KOHCTPYKUHja o.n: rypcKROT ne-
pHO.ZJ:, cMeT3M .n:eK3 He rpe6a .ZJ:3 He H3ae.n:ys3 H3 nOMHcna .n:eK3 a I{ep3MH.ZJ:HTe co
opH3MeHTRK3 H HarnHCR rpe63 .ZJ:3 6H.ZJ:3T o.n: rypcKHOT nepHo.n:, K3KO H noroneM .n:en
o.n: .n:pyrare noKpHaHH ({ep3MH.ZJ:H. 33rnro, nocroH MO}KHOCT npH ceJ<oja pecr3Bp3UHja
HnH npenoKpHa3I-be H npepe.n:ys3I-be H3 noKpHaHH xep3MH.ZJ:H .ZJ:3 ce ynorpe63r H
33qya3HH nocr3pH noKpHaHH xep3MH.ZJ:H, rnro ao cnyq3joa aoonrnro He e HCKny'leHo.

OnHc Ha HaoJJ;OT OJJ; noi<pHBHH I(epaMHJJ;H

1. f1oKpHaH3 K:ep3MH.ZJ:3 co ce.n:necr3 cpopM3 o.n: HenpeqHcreH3 3eMj3 co npHMec3

H3 KpyneH necoK, .n:o6po e neqeH3. O.LI. aH3rpernH3Ta crp 3Ha e opH3MeHrHpaHa co 4
n3paJieJIHH nHHHH, KOH ce O.ZJ: e.ZJ:H3 CTp3H3 3306HKOneHH CO e.n:Ha nonyKpy}KH3 JIHHHj3.
JlHHHHTe Ce noaneqeHH CO npCTH. 1l.HMeH3HH: .ZJ:On}K . 24 CM., Ill lip. 23 CM., .n:e6, 3,5
CM. ( CJI. 1 6p. 1).
2. f1oKpHBH3 I<ep3MH.ZJ:3, ornrereH3, o.n: HenpeqHcreH3 3eMj3, o.n: BH3rpernH3T3
crp 3H3 opH3MeHrHp3H3 ~o e.n:H3 3ao6neH3 H 5 n3p3nenHH JIHHHH, noaneqeHH co He-
K3KOB ocr3p npe.n:Mer. Kep3MH.ZJ:3Ta e .n:o6po neqeua R HMa cHa3 .n:o upaeHa 6oj3.
Ll.HM.: .zr.on>K. 23 CM., Ill lip. 21 -23 CM .1 .n:e6. 3,5 CM. (en . 1 6p. 2).
3. f1oKpHaH3 Kep3MH.ZJ:3 CO ce.n:necra cpopMa O.ZJ: HenpeqHCTeH3 3eMja BO KOj3
HMa ocr3TOUH o.n: c11reH H j3.ZJ:3P necoK, neqeH3 upaeHo .n:o cHao, ornrereH3, o.n: H3.ZJ:-
aopernH3T3 crpaH3 yKp3CeH3 no .n:on>KHH3Ta co n3panenHH nHHHH. Ll.HM. : .n:onm. 46
CM. , IllRp. 22-24 CM. , .n:e6 . 4 CM. (en . 1 6p. 3).
4. Itep3MR.ZJ:3 co ce.n:necra cpopM3, upseHo neqeHa o.n: H3.n:aopernH3T3 crp3Ha,
no uen3T3 .n:on>KI1H3 yKp3ceH3 co n3 p3nenHH nRHHH. Ll.aM.: .n:onm. 24 eM., rnHp. 21 -23
CM. , .n:e6. ~,5 CM. (en. 1 6p. 4).
5. Kep3MH.ZJ:3 co ce.n:necr3 cpopM3 , ornrereH3, upaeHo neqeH3, o.n: HenpeqacreHa
3eMj3, o.n: H3.n:sopernH3T3 crp3H3 yKp3CeH3 co nony~<pymeH opH3MeHT H3Be.n:eH o.n:
CHOnOBH JlHHHH. Ll.RM.: .ZJ:On>K. 40 CM., IllRp. 21 CM., .n:e6. 2,3 CM., ell = 5 CM. (en . 1 6p. 5).
6. Kep3MH !1.3 co ce.n:necra cpopM3, co -u pseHo .n:o cHao neqe!-be, o.n: HenpeqHc-
reH 3 3eMj a, o.n: H3.n:aopernH3T3 CTp3H3 yKpaceH3 co n3panenHH nHHHH. Ll.HM .: .n:on}K.
36 CM., Ill!fp. 22 CM., .n:e6 . 1,8 CM., cp. = 8 CM.
7. Kep3MH.ZJ:a .co ce.n:necr3 cpopMa, H3j.n:eH3 Ha.n: onrapHHOT npocrop, H3pa6oreHa
o.n: HenpeqHcreHa 3eMj3 ao KOj3 HM3 npHMeca Ha j3.ZJ:3P necoK, neqeHa upaeHo .n:o
CHB3 , o.n: Ha.n:aope WH3 ra c rpaH3 - no .n:on>KHH3T3 - reqe H3TnHC so .n:aa pe.n:a
Kjll(n~u, k To,<\~il k. Ll.HM.: .ZJ:On}K. 38 CM., Ill lip., 22,5 CM., .n:e6. 2 CM., cp = 7,5 CM.
(en. 2 6p., 2).
8. Kep3MH.ZJ:a co ce.n:necra cpopM3, 0.11. r nHH3 so Koja HMa npHMeC3 H3 ja.n:ap
necoK, co upaeHo .n:o CHao neqe!-be. O.n: Ha.n:sopeumara crpaHa no .n:on}KHHaTa
- HM3 H3TllHC HCnHill3H CO CnoaeHCKH 6yJ<aH - MHjlCCAd bl> . nHM. : .zr.On}K. 36 CM .,
IllHp. 22 C,M., .zr.e6. 1,8 CM., ell= 8 CM. (en. 2 6p . 3) .
9. KepaMH.ZJ:3, cpparMeHrHp3H3 , co ce.n:necra cpopMa, co aceqeHH rpqKH carHa-
rypH no IllHpHH3T3 § iup. Ll.RM. : .ZJ:On>K . 31 CM., IllHp. 18 CM , .n:e6. 1,5 CM., ell = 5
CM. (en. 2, 6p. 4) :
10. KepaMH.ZJ:3 co ce.n:necr3 cpopMa, co · upseHa 6oj3 ao neqe!-bero, o.n: ua.n:aopern-
Hara CTp3H3 YKP3CeHa co KPY>KHH opH3MeHTH. nHM.: .n:onm. 39 CM., IllHp . 19 CM.,
.zr.e6 . 1,iJ CM. , cil=7 CM. (eli, 2 6p. 5)
55 APXEOJJOWKH MY3El - CKOnJE 8

11. )J.eJI OA noKpHBHa KepaMHAa OA HaABOpernHaTa CTpaHa yKpaceHa CO no .IJ:Ba

KOHI.{eHTpHIJHH Kpyra . lJ.HM. : AOJDK. 20,5 CM., lliHp . 18 CM., Ae6. !.!,2 CM.
3aKJIJ'lOK. OoKpHBHHTe J{epaMHAH (3a KOH OBAe~a . cTaHysa 36op) OA upKBaTa
Cs. Coqmja so OxpHA no csojaTa ciJopMa H opHaMeHTHKa ce 6JIHCKH Ha cpeAHOBe·
KOBHHTe I<epaMH.llH OA EyrapHja. Ha noKpHBOT OA Ca. CoclJHja 3aeAHO co OBHe !{epa·
MHAH ce OTKpHeHH H ApyrH, CJIHIJHH no ciJopMa H AHMeH3HH npHMepou.H, 3a KOH He
MO.lKe CO CHrypHOCT .n.a C.e Ka.lKe OA KOe BpeMe AaTHpaaT, nopaAH TOa lliTO 3a HHB
HeMaMe HajnOTpe6HH H HY.lKHH ilOAaTOU.H Bp3 OCHOBa Ha KOH 6H MO.lKeJie Aa H3HeCeMe
6ap H3BeCHH npeTnOCTaBKH. A THe nOAaTOU.H Ce: 6pOjHaTa COCTOj6a Ha eAeH BH.ll:
KepaMHAH H HHBHHTe AHMeH3HH, clJaKTypara Ha 3eMjaTa OA KOja Ce H3pa60TeHH 1 clJOp·
MHTe H, HajnOCJie, ycJIOBHTe H MeCTOTO KaAe lliTO Ce HajAeHH. 00AaTOU.HTe CO KOH
pacnO JiaraMe H 3a HaOAOT Ha OBAe CilOMeHaTHTe KepaMHAH Ce COCeM HeAOBOJIHH Bp3
OCHOBa Ha HHB Aa AOjAeMe AO KaKBH 6HJIO npeTnOCTaBKH HJIH 3aKJIYIJOU.H BO OAHOC
Ha speMeTo Kora OBHe I<epaMHAH 6HJie nocraseHH Ha noKpHBOT Ha U.PKBaTa Cs.
CoclJHja. MetyToa, HaTnHCHTe Ha H3BeceH 6poj &epaMHAH HH .n.asaaT MO.lKHOCT 3a
npenlOCTaBKH, AeKa OBHe npHMepOU.H, na MO>Ke6H H ApyrH KepaMHAH Ha llOKpHBOT
OA U.PKBaTa, MO.lKeJie Aa 6HAaT llOCTaBeHH npH IIpB06HTHOTO nOAHfalbe Ha U.PKBara
HJIH npH eAHa nOAOU.HernHa pecTaspau.Hja, AO speMeTo Kora e u.pKBaTa npersopeHa
so I,IaMHja. Kyneu. ToAop H MHpocJias sepojaTHO 6H MO.lKeJie Aa 6HAaT AapoAaBUH
Ha J{epaMHAHTe caMo npH nOAHralbero HJIH npH eAHa npenpaBKa Ha upKBaTa, so
speMero AOAeKa Cs. CoclJHja yrnTe He 6HJia npeTsopeHa so TypcKH xpaM, a HHKaKo
KaKo AapoAaBI.lH npH npenoKpHBalbeTo co Koe e upKBaTa npeTsopeHa so I,IaMHja,
OAHOCHO co Koe Taa ro A06HJia AeHernHHOT H3r JieA. 2 1 CHrHaTypHTe Ha EoropOAHUa
Ha TpeTHOT npHMepOK HCTO TaKa 6H HMaJIO CMHCJia Aa ce HCnHlllaT aKO IJ.pKBaTa
ceyrnTe 6HJia xpaM Ha EoropOAHUa. OopaAH ce osa, MHCJiaM AeKa cnoMeHaTHTe
npHM~pOIJ.H CO HaTnHCH, na H OHHe CO OpHaMeHTHKa H, MO.lKe6H, fOJieM 6poj H O.ll:
ApyrHTe I{epaMHAH Ha upKBaTa ce OA npso6HrHoro HJIH, nosepojarHo, OA HeKoe
nOAOI.(HelliHO npenOKpHBalbe HJIH npepeAyBalbe Ha KepaMHAHTe, HO KOe CTaHaJIO BO
speMeTo npeA Cs. CoclJHja Aa craHe I,IaMHja.

SUMMARY

SOME ROOF-TILES FROM THE CHURCH ST. SOPHIA IN OHRID

During the conservatory work of the church St. Sophia in Ohrid a certain
number of roof-- tiles with ornaments and inscriptions . was discovered above t11e
altar space as well as above the naves themselves.
On the tile of picture 2, no . 2, an inscription is incised in Slavonic letters :
Kl)rwu,"' 'f'I)AOP"' which means "merchant Theodor" .
On the tile of picture 2, no. 3, the name MHpi)CAdK"' is also inscribed in Sla-
voni -:: letters.
On the pattern of picture 2, no. 4 the signs in Greec 5 P:a'P are incised, which
we read as 6eo-rdxo~ Mapta.
It is possible that the _inscriptions of the tiles designate the donors of tiles
for the church St. Sophia . In case that this supposition is correct, they were presented
to the church in the time of its building or during some restoration of a later time
while St. Sophia was still a church. The fact that some of these tiles are found on
the church roof which .dates from the Turkish period should not distirb us, thinks
the author, because there is a possibility that older preserved and sound specimens
of tiles might be used in every restorations or men covering of the roofs with tiles.

21 ) P . Jby6J.1HKOBHh., op. cit. 12.

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