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 1\ Bonpocy 0 HapYIIleHHH nacsna Ii ttteHIHI y nOJlllrJIOTOB 129
----------------------

IIpOll.eCC aHaJUI3a 3BYKOBOrO COCTaBa peua, OTpa3liTC51 JIlillib na npaaans-

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DOJIbHaH 3aB., HaYllHblli pa60THHK, C aarpauepeopaorsuon onyxo.nsro BliCOllHOll 0'6-

1 A. P. JI y PIi 51, Osepxn no rrCHXD<jJ'li3liOJIOrHH rrHCbMa, Mocxna, 19:50; Tpaava-

rnnecxas arpasun, Mocxaa, 1947.

9-1389
 130 A. P. J1YPHii

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60JIbIIIHM TPY)l,OM npO<rI1TbIBaeT aaeucaaaoe 11McaMHM.
Bee 3TH cpaKTbI Oi6bHCH15llO'J1C'5l
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npeACTaBJI5leT ca60IO IB caoea OCHOBeCYK~OOCHBHbliinpouecc (aHaJIH3 3IBY-C
KOBOII'OOOCTaBa CJIOBa, nOCJIe,l(OBaTeJIbHOe
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CHM'YJIbTaHH\JrOCHHTe3a 5IBJI5Ie'J105l
B 3THX cnynaax JrHIIIb BTOpOCTffiIeHHbIM,
BcnOMOraTeJIbHbliM aK1'O'MH He arpaer B fIHCbM'e petuarouiea POJIIH. IT
O,l(HaK!O Ta'Koii 'C~~OOCHBHbIH cpOHeTH<re1CiKHii xapaxrep H'HCbMa Tlflfm<reH
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MeHTbI YCJIOBHOHTpaHlOKpH[1~HH H B KOTOPbIX namrcaanoe CJIOBO,ormpascs T.
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H
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«il etait» (OH 6bIJI) -9TO'ro nponecca Y)Ke nenocrarosno, H Heo6x;o,l(HMO 6

BOClIlPOH3BOCTH
IlO'CJIe,l(Hee«e» KaK YCJIOIBHblii 6YKBeHHbI'H KOMiflJleKC «ait»,;
HH O)l,HH Ii'3 3JIeMeHTOBK!OTOpOrOHe COO11Be1'C11BYeT
aerrocpencrsenno socnpa-
HHMaeMOMY 3BYtIaHHlO; erne 60JIee TH'UIH"lHbIM npuaepov fIo)l,06HOrO pac- r·
XO)K,l(eHH5I<pOHeTH"l&KOrO OOCTa'Ba CJI'OBa Hero YCJIOBHODOH306pa.)KeHH5I
H
JI
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1 ¢ M a H, 06 orrrauecnon arpadia», Tpynst I1HcTHTYT,a HeBpOJlOrHH 6
AMH CCCP, 194'7, a TaK)Ke )l(. H. III H ¢, 0 aapyurenna cpaBHeHHH IIpH qTeHHH, Hs- n
BeCl'HlI AKaAeMHH nen. aaytc PC<DCP. N~ 2, 1946.
 I( sonpocy 0 napyureaun nacsaa u qTE'HIlllI Y nOJlllrJlOTOB 131

HBJIHel1C5ICJIOBG«l'eaU» (:BO)1,a), COBepmeHHG He orpaxcaromee B 6YlmeH-

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npouecc CYKlI,eCCHlBHODO
31BJ1KOIBOrG
aHaJIHl3a B3THX CJIY'IaHX He ucuepnsraaer
YCJIGBll'll, Heo6xG)l.HMbIX )J,JI5IHH'CbMa, H B KaJ1IelCTBecymecrsenuux YCJIOBHll
rrHCbMa aucryrraer ccxpaanccn, YCJIOBHbrX 6YKBeHHbIX KGMHJ1'0KCOB
, CJIy-
»caumx YCJIOBHbI'MH06G3Ha'IeH'HHMH COOl1Bel1CTBYIOmHX rrOH5ITHll. DOl9TOMY
COBepUIeHHO eCT0CTBeHHo, 'ITO napymeaae CYKlI,eCCHBHbIXnpOlI,eOCOB'aKY'CTH-
qeCKOfG anacmsa )J,OIlI)KHOB MeHI~well crenenn OTPaJ3HTb'C5Ina rrO)J,06HOM
Tune nHiCbMa, H MbI MO)KeM G)KH)1,aTb,'ITG paneane iB 3aTbIJIG'IHO-TeMeHHYIO
06JIaICTb, iBbIBbtBaIO'mee aaa-nrrensasre )J,ecpeKTbI B 3pHTeJIbHGM aaanase H
CHHTe3e, cpaBHHTeJIbHO MaJIG OTPaJ3HTC5I
na npoatecce cpOHeTH''IeCKOfOUHCbMa
aa PYCCKOMHJIH HeMelI,KGM H3bIKe, HO npaaener K cy'me,cTBeHHbIM )J,ecpeKTaM
npa nonsrrxax 3a!fIHCaTb Te 3JIeMeHTbI CPP3HUYSC'IWllHJIH aHfJIHllCKOll pesn,
K0110pble orrHpaIOTC5I aa yCJIOIBHYIO, He cpOHeTH''Ie'OKYIOTpaHCKpHIITIlI,HIO.Ha-
060pOT, npn paJReHHH BIICQ'lIHOll 06JIaCTH 3TH I3JIeMeHTbI YCJIOBHOll TpaHC-
KpH!ITlI,H'li 6Y)J;YT COXpaH5ITI:iC5IB 3HaJ'IHTeJIbHO 60JIb'illei\: creneaa, 'IeM 3JIe-
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XpaHHGCTb BHCO'IHOll (CJIYXOIBOll) KOPbI 5IBJIHeT'CHcyme:CTBeH'HbIM YCJIOBHeM
ROpMaJIbHGTO rrpOTeKaHHH CPYHKlI,HH.
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qJ3K110B «U30JIHpOlBaHHOfO» napyurenaa n'HCbM3 (HJIH 'ITeHH'5I) y rrOJIHfJIO-
TOB. TaKHe 'cpaKTbI )1,GJI)KHbI, CJIe)1,GBaTeJIbHlO,
06b5IIC'HHTb'CHHe aapyurenaea
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60lTIee ynposeanoa H3bIKOBOll CHCTeMbI; OHH rrGJIY'1aIOT csoe 0'6bHCHeHHe H'3
CPYHKIlI,HOHaJIbHOTG
CTpoeHHH axra rrHCbMa aa pa3HbIX H3blKax, B HeO)1,HHa-
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E'CTeCTBeHHG,HO::t11OMY,
'ITO OC06bI'll HHTepec rrpe)1,CTaBJIHIOTre CJIY'I3H,
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sexa, BJIa)1,eIO'llI,erGHeCKOJIbKHiMH5I3blKaMH, a CJIe)1,GBaTeJIbHO,HelClKOJIbKHMH
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Me)K)J,Y rrHCbMOM
na PaJ3JIH"lHbIX :5II3bIIKaXMO')Kerr npOHBHTbCH GC06eHHO HICHO H 06b5I'CHeHlIe
3110IfG«paxra CTaHOIBHT'CHCOBepmeHHOnOHHTHbIM.
MbI npaaenex JIHIllib G)J,HHCJIY'Ia'll, 01'QeTJIHBO HJIJIIOCTpHpyIOIJl.l,Hll31'0
nOITIO)KeHHe.
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CKliM 513bIKaMli. nOJlYlJUJI B 19:Y7 r. npoamcaroniee OCKOJlOqHOe paneaue B JleBYIO HllJKHe-
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9 .ncr, nocne aasaaumxca 3nl1J1enTllqeCKUX npUnaAK!OB 6b1J1a cztenana onep auns
(nporp. B. Jl. [OJlOBaHoB), npn KOTOPOH 6blJl TOTlaJlhHO YAaJleH KOHrJlOMepaT KOCTHblX
OCKOJIKOB, oKpYJKeHHhlX KancYJlOH, JleJKaIUHH nenocpencraeaao nOA MeCTOM paneuan;
I10CJle onepauun OCTaJlaCh OTHOCI1TE'JlbHO nerioasuran nOJlOCTh, KOTOpa51 oxaaanacs OT-
IIlHYPoBaHHoH nOJlOCThIO JleBOrO 6oKoBoro JKeJlYAOlJKa. Paaeane cp aay npnneno K npano-
CTopoHHeMY r esmnapeay, KOTOPblH B TelJeHlle nOCJleAYIOIUillX ner OC11aBaJlC5I cr aunouap-
HbIM. Jleaas PYKa 60JlhHOrO 6bIJla p aaeaa, II ABllJKeHll51 B HeH TaKJKe or-pauasenu. B re-
qeHllE' nrecrn MeC5IueB nocne p aaeaus 60JlhHOH He rOBOpUJI, XOT5I II nOHUMaJl 06paIUeH-
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H nOJlbCKOM 513bIKax.
B rexerrne AeB5ITH ner 60JlbHOH 6hIJI llHBaJlllAOM. OH 6bIJI accnenoaan HoaMH B
rocnnr ane B OKT5I6pe - H05l6pe 19'46 r.
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6b1H npaBOCTopOHHHH reunnapes, 3H1aqllTeJlhHO pE'3Qe BblpaJKeHHbIH B nncr ansnux OT-
Jl.eJl,ax (ocoriemro B PYKe), naronoruaecxne perpnexcu II KJlOHYC cnpaaa.
Y 60JlbHOrO He OTMelJaeTC5I nmcaxnx rpyriux OIlTllKO-rHOCTllQeCKHX paCCTpOHCTB: OH
132 A. P. JIYPIHI

XOPOUIO Y3HaeT npenaersi, ax asoopasceaa» II He orinapyacaaaer CKOJIhKO-H1l6YJl.hOT-

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ua xonapoaanae PllCYHKOB II ax nepeacnieuae B npOCTp.aHCTBe6e3 rpyoux aapyuieunn.
OH JIerKO op aearapyercs B KOOpJl.llHaTaX reorparpauecxox xapru. c.,YKl\eCCIIIBHbIenpo-
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3aTpYAHeHUlI B CUMYJIbTaHHOM0603peHUU srax pllTMll'leCKIiX CTPYKTYP II, J1.a)Ke npa-
BllJIhHO OTCTYKllBall CJIO)KHhlii pIlTM, oUIu6aeTCH B oueuxe KOJIU'IeCTOOcoC'raBJIHIOIll.lIX
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HanpH)!{eHHO, OCJIO)!{HeHa nOliCKaMU CJIOB U IIHorAa HeCKOJIbKUarpasoaaraxna. Xapak-
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II ¢paHl\Y3CKOM aasncax, KOTOPhIMII!60JIhHOii ananeer B paaaok creneaa. Panoaas pess
aocrynua 60JIhHOMY II B npliMOM, II B 06paTHOM uanpaanenan; orpaacennaa peas npo-
rexaer 6e3 acsxax 3aMeTHbIX aapyureaaa, uaastaaaae npenxeros 3aMeTHO 3aTpYAHeHO,
IIpII'leM 60JIbHOii 'laCTO Ha3bIBaeT npenxeru He aa TOM 113bIKe, aa KOTOPOM BeJl.eTClI
onsrr, a na q)l.HOM 1133HaKOMbiX eMY 1I3b1KOB.
Iloaavaane CJIOB nOJIHOCTblO nocrynao 60JIbHOMY, ounaxo nouaxaaae caar arx
pe3KO HapYUIeHO. DOJIbHOH He MO)!{eT noaars saaseaas TaKI1X rpaxxaruuecxax KOH-
crpyxuaa, KaK xoacrpyxnns HHcrpYMeHT3JIbHOrO TBOpllTeJIbHOrO naaeaca (enoxaaor xa-
paHAaUIOM KJIIO'I» 11 T. A.), nouaaaa ee al¢JIeKTHBHo, T. e. OTAeJIhHO nOKa3bIBaeT
xapaunaur H IWIO'I; 011IHe MO)!{er nOHlITb KOHCTPYKl\Hiinpuaaeuaoro pOAIITeJIbHOrOnaneaca
(<<AO'lKa MaMbl», «MaMa AOLJKII»), He MO)!{eT npaBHJIbHO oueaars IWHCTPYKl\llll C ripen-
JIOrOM, uanpaaep, npaBIIJIbHO paaaecrari, rpeyrcnsnax nOA xpyrox llJIli xpyr nOA rpe-
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6YKB; JIIIUIb anorna OH COBepUIaeT aru Onepal\1II11He cpaay, OAHaKO JIerKO acnpaanas
nonyuieauue 11M OUIHOKli.
4TeHile 60JIbHOrO OCTaerClI C nepBoro B3rJIllAa OTHOCl1reJIbHOcoxpaHHblM, OH 'lllT.aeT
MeJl.JIeHHO,IIHorAa He cpaay cxaariaaaa HY)!{HOe CJIOBO H npoaons BTOPIILJHblii:CHHTe3
3BYKOB; OAHaKO OH nO'lTH scerna nposaruaaer CJIOBOnpanansno. Pa3HIIl\bI B '1TeHllll
na PYCCKOM, nOJIbCKOM H ¢paHl\Y3CKOM assncax HeT. )l.a)!{e YCJIOBHYIO !J?paHl\Y3CKYIO
rpancxpnrruaro 0'11 Y3HaeT, Ka3aJIOCb 6bl, AOCTa'J10'lHO XOpOUIO.
OAH.aKO 6ml)!{aflUIliH aHaJIH3 nOK,a3bIBaeT, 'lTO B '1TeHIII1 60JIbHOrO MO)KHO OTMe-
TI1Th aaaeraue 113MeHeHllll. OHI1 ococeaao OT'leTJIIiBO npOllBJIHIOTClIB TOM, 'lTO OH .l\aJIeKO
He acerna saaexaer nonyuicnasre B TeKCTe OUIII6Kll, 'laCTO YJl.OBJIeTBOplleTCllOUIII60'lHOii
!J?OHeTll'leCKOiirpaacxpunuaea CJIOBa II oueas 'laCTO CMeUIIiBaeT rp arpexi; PYCCKoro II
naraacxoro nHCbMa, He saxesaa rex CJIY'IaeB, xoraa cnaa CIiCTeMa nOAMeHHeTclI B
sxcnepaaeare npyroa,
3TO B OAIiHaKOBOHcrertean H.a6JIIOAaeTClInpn 'lTeHllll pyccxoro llJIIi !J?p.aHl\Y3CK010
TeKCTa. :, r,
TaK, 60JIhHOii: BnOJIHe YAOBJIeTBOpHeTCl!rpaacxpanuaca «ee» KaK «eii:o», rp ancxpan-
Ijlleii «enfants» KaK «anfans» II T. .11..I1HorAa cooTBeTcTBYIOIll.l1e OUI1l6KII 3aMe'l,aIOTClI
11M, HO OH OKa3blBaeTClI He B cocroaaaa UX npaBIIJIbHO I1cnpaBIITb (uanpauep, B HeBepHO
aanacanuoii rppaae: «il faut raconter» 60JIbHOii aaxesaer OUI1l6KY B nOCJIeAHeMCJIO.Be,
HO BbInpaBJIlIeT ee ua «r.acontez» BMeCTO «raconter»; OH COMHeBaeTCli B npaaunsnocru
nanucauas CJIOBa «plesir» (plaisir), HO He 3HaeT, KaK ero ncnpaaars. CJIOBO «pier»
BMeCTO«pleur» LJIITaeT aA3KBaTHO, sasreuaer KaKYIO-TO OUI1l6KY, HO He MO)KeT ee KBa-
JIll!J?lll\llpOBaTb. OAHaKO raxoe ueyaaanasne rpancxpanuan aanserca Y sroro 60JIbHOrO
cxopee HCKJIIO'leHlleM, '1eM npaBIIJIOM. I'opasno pease Y Hero aucrynaer ueyaaaaauae
B Tex cnyxaax, xor.aa 11MAonYCKalOTClI OUIII6Kll nYTeM aajseasr rp,a!J?eMbInaauoro 1I3bIKa
COOTBeTCTBYIOIll.llMllrpatpexaxa APyroii cacrexst, aanp auep, xorna BO ¢pallll\Y3cKOM
TeKCTe «1» nmnercs KaK pyccxoe «T», !J?paHl\Y3cKoe «p» KaK pyccxoe «rr», «d» KaK '!A»
II Ha060poT. B xaxec'r ae axcnepuxeur a 60JIbHOMY AaeTClI !J?paHl\Y3cKllii TeKCT2, B KO-
TOPOMpan CJIOB aanacau C OUI1l60'lHbIM nOCTpOeHlIeM no TOJIbKO '1TO YKa3aHHOMY rnny
(aanpuxep, BMeCTO«centes» uanucaao «conmes» ,JiIJIIi BMeCTO «trois» - «tpois», BMeCTO
«[ar din» - «jarnm» II T. )J,. 113 28 raxax axeiomaxca B ~KCTe OUIt:60K OH aaxenaer

1 3TOT CllMnTOM, xapaarepuuk )J,JIli nopasceana HI1)!{HeTeMeI-IHbIXCI1CTeM, nOAP06-

uee orracan B )J,pyroM MeCTe. CM. <P. M. Ceaepanuxaa, Hapyureuas PliTMOB npa M03fO-
BbIX nop axceauax, )J,llCC.,1946.
2 OnbIT nponeneu cnennansao no Moeii: rrpocsde J1. K. Haaapoaoa.
 I( Bonpocy a napynretraa nlfCbMa If tITeHHH y nOJIlfrJIOTOB 133

- 14, tIlfTal! n axce raxae, Ka3aJIOCb ObI, HenOHHTHble CJIOBa, KaK «conmes», «exnress»,
: «nour», «nleur», «jarnin» lfJIlf «jar nun» If T. rr. a.l(3KBaTHO IIX 3HatIeHIIIO, If He aaxe-
qaH, tITO ornem.nsre OYKBbT B HlfX B3HThT H3 tIy)!wro anrpasara. COBepIIIeHHO aHaJIOmtIHOe
HBJIeHHe HaOJIIO.n:aeTCH H npu tITeHHH 3KcrrepHMeHTaIJIbHO ananruooaannoro PYCCKoro
TeKCTa co CneUHaJIbHO BHeceHHbIMH B Hero OrrTHtIeCKlfMH OIIIHOKaMH. Hs 25 aHaJlOrHtIHbIX
OIIIHOOK OOJlbHOH aavexaer JIHlllb 7, a B 18 CJlYtIaHX aaanomxaste no 3HatIeHHIO OIIIHOKH
(OYKBbI, B3HTbre H3 JIaTHHCKoH CHCTeMbI rp arpexr, aanpavep «n» BMeCTO «H», «u» BMeCTO
«y», !jJpaHuY3cKoe «d» BMeno pyccxoro «.n:») lfM lie 3aMetIaIOTC5!.
ECJIlf tI T e H If e OOJlbHOrO B OCHOBHOM oltHHaKOBO coxpanno HL1I scex H3BeCTHbIX
eMY H3bIKax, TO B n.J1 C b M e OH OOHapYlKHBaJI pe3KYIO H CBoeoopa3HYIO .n:lfccouHaUHIO.
I ITlfCbMO na PYCCKOM H3bIKe. OOJla.n:aIOllIeM B OCHOBHOM cjJOHeTJ1lIeCKOH TpaHCKpHrrUHeH,
OC'DaBaJlOCb Y OOJlhHOrO nOtITH He HaPYIIIeHHbTM. OH oe3 rpyna rmcan .n:alKe CJIQ)KHbIC
I CJIOBa, net-reo nonaepr as HX 3BYKOBOH COCTaB aHaJlH3Y. Hanncaane r axnx CJlOlKHbTX
, CJlOB, BKJIIOllaIOllIHX crexeaae COrJIaCHhIX, KaK crpax, OKHO, KOCTep, nacxanns, ObIJIO eMY
COBepIIIeHHO nocryrnro. BCTpetIaIOllIHeCH B ero nlfCbMe na PYCCKOM H3bTKe OIIIHOKH llame
, BCel'O HOCHJI'H xapaxrep .n:ecjJeKTHoH cjJOHeTH"!eCKOH H.n:eHTHcjJHKaUHH 3BYKOB, BnOJIHe no-
H51THOH ltJlH lleJIOBeKa, He BbTpOCIIIero B cjJOHeTl1lIeCKOH CHCTeMe PYCCKoro aauxa
(nanpmscp, OIIIHOKlf CM5!rlleHH51 «BHJIa30K» BMeCl'O «BbTJIa30K», «HcrryraJlbC51» BMeCTO
I «ncnyranca», OIIIHOOtIHbIH aHaJlH3 acjJpHKaTOB «CYtIeCTBO» BMeCTO «CYllIeCTBO», 3aMellJ:e-
HHe rJlYXHX If 3BOHKHX - «osepnanae» BMeCTO «OtIepTaHHe», «a.n:Moc!jJepa» BMeCTO. «a'r-
Moc!jJepa» H, HaKOHeu, OIIIHOKH 3BYKOBoro aaannsa «OlttIHCTHJIa BMeCTO «OtIHCTHJIa»,
«paC3YM» BMeCTO «pa3YM», «C3CTaHOBHJIaCb» BMeCTO CTaHOBHJIaCb» H T. II.).
COBepIIIeHHO HHyIO xaprnny npe.n:CTaBJIHJlO .n:JIH OOJlbHOrO nHCbMO na ¢paHUY3CKOM
H3bIKe, KOTOPhlM OH BJIa.n:eJI 8 npOIIIJlOM JIYllIUe, tIeM PYCCKlfM, COTpYltHHtIaH KaK »cypna-
JIHCT MHoro JIeT BO ¢paHUY3CKOH rasere. OH caM OTMellaJI, lITO He MOlKeT nucart, aa
¢paHUY3CKOM assnce H n enaer ovens OOJIblllOe KOJIHtIeCTBO OIIIHOOK. DJIHlKaHlllHH aHaJIIB
. noxaaan, tITO OOJIbHOH npHMeHHJI ¢OHeTHlleCKHH nonxozt K ¢paHUY3CKOH TpaHCKplfnUHH;
n03TOMY OH nponoascan npaBHJIhHO rmcarr, Te ¢paHt\Y3CKlfe CJlOBa, npanonucanae KO-
- TOPbIX OCTaeTCH ¢OHeTHlleCKHM, H nenan rpyrisre OIIIHOKH, a lfHor.n:a OOHapYlKlfBaJI nOJI-
: HYIO oecrrOMOlllHOCTb B HanHcaHHH Tex CJlOB, TpaHCKpHnUHH KOTOPbIX OblJla YCJlOBHOH.
, B 3THX CJIYllaHX OOJIbI-IOH JIHOO COBepUJeHHO OTKa3bIBaJIC51 nacars COOTBeTCTBYIOlllI!e CJIO-
I na, JlHOO nncan HX ¢OHeTHtIeCI(J1, JlHOO xce rrplfMeH5!JI .n:JIH lfX nanacaans OAHY 1i3
YCJIOBHb!X rpaacxpannua, a.n:3KBaTHOCTb KOTOPOH OH He p aann-ran If KOTOpyIO npHMeHHJI
HenpaBHJIbHO.
HalfOOJlee xapaxrepauxa, onaaxo, OKa3bIBaJlHCb Te Tpy.n:HOCTH, xoropue acnsrrsr-
BaJI OOJIbHOH npn HanHcaHHH CJIOB, lfMeIOllIHX onnaaxosoe 3BYllaHHe, HO pa3HYIO rpauc-
KplfnUHIO. I\aK nOKa3bIBaIOT ¢aKTbI, B 3THX CJIYlla5!X OH xauie ncero npHMeHHJI cpOHeTH-
IJeCKYIO TpaHCKpHrrUHIO. J1HIIIb B OT.n:eJlbHbTX CJlYtIaHX, KaK ObIJlO YKa3aHO BhIIIIe, onua
113 YCJlOBHbIX TpaHCKpHnUHH, aanpaxep «voix», COXpaHHJlaCb Y OOJlbHOrO H npnaeus-
JIaCb Hi'll nnn HanHcaHHH paua o.n:HHaKOBO sayuaurax CJlOB, If OH naca,n psn spone «je Ie
voix», «il le voix», «Ia longe voix» If T. n. Jl erxo B1I.n:eTb, tITO 3TO napynreaae B aann-
ca CJIOB C YCJlOBHOH rpancxpnnnaea panuxansao HapYIIIaJlO nlfCbMO ua cppaHUY3CKOM
H3bIKe If .n:eJlaJIO OOJIbHOrO, ObIBIIIero cppaHUY3CKoro »cypnanncra, npaxrnsecxn nerp a-
MOTHbIM aa 3TOM OJllf3KOM eMY H3b1Ke.

DpHBe,ll.eHHbIH CJIY'-IaH npencraaaaercs BeCbMa rrOKa3aTeJIbHbIM. Pane-

Ime HHMHeTeMeHHOH 06JIaCTH BbI3BaJIO Y rrOJIHrJIOTa 3aMeTHYIO ,ll.HCCOIJ,Ha-
IJ,FlIO B rrHCbMe na pa3HbIX 5f3bIKaX, rrO'-ITH rrOJIHOCTbIO COXpaHHB rrHCbMO
na PYCCKOM H rpyoo aapyunrs rrHCbMO na <PpaHUY3CKOM 5f3b1Ke. 3TOT xa-
MyU~HHC5f napanoxc rrOJIHOCTbIO 06"h5fCH5feTC5f TeM, lITO nopaacenae HHMHe-
TeMeI-IHOH CHCTeMbI, ocymeCTBJI5fIOmeH rrpOIJ,eCCbI CHMYJIbTaHHOrO 3PHTe.1b-
uoro aHaJIH3a H CHHTe3a, OCTaBHJIO cosepureano coxpaHHbIM CYKIJ,eCCHBHbIH
3BYKOBOH aHaJIH3 H TeM caMbIM He rrOBeJIO K aapyurenmo <pOHeTH'-IeCKOrO
rrHCbMa, na KOTOPOM nocrpoena TpaHCKpHrrIJ,H5f pyccxoro 5f3bIKa. B TO Me
npBM5f OHO cymBCTBBHHO fIapYUIFIJIO C-HMYJIbTaHHble OIITH'-I,eCKHe {)HlCTe-
MbI H rr03TOMY rrOBeJIO K 3Ha'lHTeJIbHOMY pacnazry nacsaa iaa <ppaHIJ,Y3CKOM
5I3brKe, nocrpoeaaoro aa OCHOBe )"CJIOBHOH, He cp.OHeTH'-IeOKOH TpaHtCK,pHIIIUHH.
nHCCOIJ,HHpOBaHHoe aapymeane rrHCbMa aa O,ll.HOM 5f3bIKe, TaKHM oripa-
30M, 06"h5fCHHeTC5f y rrOJIHrJIOTa pa3JIH'-IHOH <PYHKIJ,HOHaJIbHOH npnponoa
rrHCbMa na pa3JIH'-IHbIX 5f3bIKaX FI COOTBeTCTBeHHO nopaxceaaea pa3JIH'lHbIX
M03,rOBbI~ CHCTeM, 06eCll'e"-IHBaIOIll,HX YCJIOBH5f, !:!eo6XOJI:HMbIe .~JI5f coxpaneaas
COOTBeTCTBYIOmero npouecca.
AKa.n;eMIlH nenaroravecxax nayx PC<I>CP, MocKBa