Basic figures on the

candidate countries and

potential candidates
FACTSHEETS 2023 edition
This document should not be considered as representative of the European Commission’s official position.
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PDF: ISBN 978-92-68-01039-6 doi:10.2785/183853 KS-04-23-313-EN-N

Contents
Introduction...................................................................................................4
Bosnia and Herzegovina.............................................................................5
Montenegro...................................................................................................7
Moldova..........................................................................................................9
North Macedonia....................................................................................... 11
Albania......................................................................................................... 13
Serbia........................................................................................................... 15
Türkiye......................................................................................................... 17
Ukraine........................................................................................................ 19
Kosovo*....................................................................................................... 21
Georgia........................................................................................................ 23
Statistical cooperation with the candidate countries and
potential candidates................................................................................. 25
Sources........................................................................................................ 26

* This designation is without prejudice to positions on status, and is in line with UNSCR 1244/1999 and the ICJ Opinion on
the Kosovo declaration of independence.

Basic figures on the candidate countries and potential candidates – factsheets 2023  3
 Introduction

Basic figures on the candidate countries and potential candidates — 2023 edition
The 2023 edition of Basic figures on the candidate countries and potential candidates presents series of basic statistical data for eight
candidate countries and two potential candidates and compares them with EU data.
The candidate countries at the time of writing are: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, the Republic of Moldova, North Macedonia,
Albania, Serbia, Türkiye and Ukraine. Kosovo and Georgia are potential candidates.
Eurostat collects data from national statistical authorities and releases a range of publications, all of which are free of charge, in PDF format
on its website: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/main.
More details on the statistical cooperation with the candidate countries and potential candidates, and links to the websites of their national
statistical authorities and to the data sources of the figures and graphs can be found at the end of the publication.

Statistics Explained
Statistics Explained (https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php) is a wiki-based system that presents statistical topics in
an easy to understand way; it is composed of articles that together make up an encyclopaedia of statistics.
Western Balkans and Türkiye: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Enlargement_countries_-_statistical_
overview
Moldova, Ukraine and Georgia: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=European_Neighbourhood_Policy_
countries_-_statistical_overview

Extraction date
Data were extracted in April 2023.

Contact details
Eurostat – Unit B3: Enlargement, neighbourhood and development cooperation
5, rue Alphonse Weicker
2721 Luxembourg
LUXEMBOURG
E-mail: estat-statistical-cooperation@ec.europa.eu

4 Basic figures on the candidate countries and potential candidates – factsheets 2023
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Population, 2019 Population density, 2019
(million, 1 January) (persons per km2)

3.5 68.2
Most similar EU Member State: Most similar EU Member State:
Croatia: 4.1 Ireland: 71.9
Note: Bosnia and Herzegovina: provisional. Note: Bosnia and Herzegovina: data supplied by and under
the responsibility of the national statistical authority.

GDP per capita, 2019 Infant mortality, 2021 Youth unemployment, 2021
(EUR) (per 1 000 live births) (% of labour force aged 15-24 years)
€
5 240 Data not available 38.3
EU: 31 310 EU: 3.2 EU: 16.6
Note: Bosnia and Herzegovina: data supplied by and under
the responsibility of the national statistical authority.

Life expectancy, 2021 Total fertility rate, 2021

(years) (average number of children per woman)

Bosnia and EU
Herzegovina
77.2 82.9 data not available

1.53
Bosnia and Herzegovina EU
data not available

Young people with tertiary education degree, 2021

(% of population aged 30-34 years old)

23.9 % 34.0 % 36.3 % 47.0 %

Bosnia and Herzegovina EU
Note: Bosnia and Herzegovina: data supplied by and under the responsibility of the national statistical authority.

Exports and imports of goods from Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2022 Households with internet access, 2021
(% of total) (% of households)

Exports Imports

Bosnia and
To the rest Herzegovina
of the world

75 %
From the rest
26.4 % of the world
43.1 %
To the EU From the EU
73.6 % 56.9 % EU: 92 %

Basic figures on the candidate countries and potential candidates – factsheets 2023  5
 Population by age group, Bosnia and Herzegovina Employment rate, Bosnia and Herzegovina and EU
and EU, 2022 (% of total population, 20-64 years old)
(% of total population, 1 January)
80
80+
70
70-79
60-69 60
50-59 50
40-49
40
30-39
30
20-29
10-19 20
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
0-9
Men (BA) Women (BA)
10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 Men (EU) Women (EU)
Men (EU) Women (EU) Note: Bosnia and Herzegovina: data supplied by and under the responsibility of
Note: Bosnia and Herzegovina: data not available the national statistical authority.

Unemployment rate, Bosnia and Herzegovina and EU, 2021 Annual average inflation rate,
(% of active population 15-74 years old) Bosnia and Herzegovina (CPI) and EU (HICP)
(total, % change on previous year)
22.0 16
14
12
10
14.4 8
6
4
2
6.7 7.4 0
-2
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Bosnia and Herzegovina EU
Men (BA) Men (EU) Women (BA) Women (EU) Note: Bosnia and Herzegovina: data supplied by and under the responsibility of
Note: Bosnia and Herzegovina: data supplied by and under the responsibility of the national statistical authority.
the national statistical authority.

Renewable energy sources, Bosnia and Herzegovina and EU Real change in gross domestic product,
(% of total energy production) Bosnia and Herzegovina and EU
30 (% change compared with previous year)
8
25
6
20
4
15 2
10 0

5 -2

0 -4
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
-6
Bosnia and Herzegovina EU 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Note: Bosnia and Herzegovina: data not available. Bosnia and Herzegovina EU

Distribution of the economy by sector, Bosnia and Herzegovina and EU, 2022
(% share of total gross value added)
Bosnia and Herzegovina EU
Agriculture Agriculture
5.6 1.9

Industry
GDP: GDP: 20.6
Services € 23.3 Industry Services € 15 810.1
64.2 25.1 71.9 billion
billion
Construction
5.6
Construction
5.1
6 Basic figures on the candidate countries and potential candidates – factsheets 2023
Montenegro
Population, 2022 Population density, 2019
(million, 1 January) (persons per km2)

0.6 45.7
Most similar EU Member State: Most similar EU Member State:
Luxembourg: 0.6 Lithuania: 44.6

GDP per capita, 2021 Infant mortality, 2021 Youth unemployment, 2020
(EUR) (per 1 000 live births) (% of labour force aged 15-24 years)
€
8 000 1.4 36.0
EU: 32 440 EU: 3.2 EU: 17.6

Life expectancy, 2021 Total fertility rate, 2021

(years) (average number of children per woman)

Montenegro EU

70.8 77.0 77.2 82.9

1.76 1.53
Montenegro EU

Young people with tertiary education degree, 2020

(% of population aged 30-34 years old)

35.1 % 41.7 % 36.0 % 46.2 %

Montenegro EU

Exports and imports of goods from Montenegro, 2022 Households with internet access, 2022
(% of total) (% of households)
Exports Imports

Montenegro

To the rest
of the world
To the EU
30.3 % From the rest
of the world
From the EU
44.3 % 81 %
69.7 % 55.7 %
EU: 92 %

Basic figures on the candidate countries and potential candidates – factsheets 2023  7
 Population by age group, Montenegro and EU, 2022 Employment rate, Montenegro and EU
(% of total population, 1 January) (% of total population, 20-64 years old)
80
80+
70-79 70
60-69
60
50-59
40-49 50

30-39 40
20-29
30
10-19
0-9 20
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10
Men (ME) Women (ME)
Women (EU) Women (ME) Men (ME) Men (EU) Men (EU) Women (EU)

Unemployment rate, Montenegro and EU, 2020 Annual average inflation rate (HICP),
(% of active population 15-74 years old) Montenegro and EU
(total, % change on previous year)
18.4 13
17.5
11
9
7
5
3
7.0 7.6
1
-1
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Montenegro EU
Men (ME) Men (EU) Women (ME) Women (EU)

Renewable energy sources, Montenegro and EU Real change in gross domestic product,
(% of total energy production) Montenegro and EU
60 (% change compared with previous year)
16
50 12
8
40
4
30 0
-4
20
-8
10 -12

0 -16
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Montenegro EU
Montenegro EU Note: Montenegro 2022: provisional data.
.

Distribution of the economy by sector, Montenegro and EU, 2022

(% share of total gross value added)
Montenegro EU
Agriculture Agriculture
7.9 1.9

Industry Industry
GDP: GDP: 20.6
Services € 5.8 11.2 Services € 15 810.1
75.8 71.9 billion
billion
Construction Construction
5.1 5.6

8 Basic figures on the candidate countries and potential candidates – factsheets 2023
Moldova
Population, 2021 Population density, 2022
(million, 1 January) (persons per km2)

2.6 85.8
Most similar EU Member State: Most similar EU Member State:
Lithuania: 2.8 Romania: 82.7 (2019)
Note: Moldova: data supplied by and under the responsibility
of the national statistical authority

GDP per capita, 2021 Infant mortality, 2020 Youth unemployment, 2021
(EUR) (per 1 000 live births) (% of labour force aged 15-24 years)
€
4 424 8.7 9.2
EU: 32 440 EU: 3.3 EU: 16.6
Note: Moldova: data supplied by and under the
responsibility of the national statistical authority.

Life expectancy, 2021 Total fertility rate, 2021

(years) (average number of children per woman)

Moldova EU
Data not available
77.2 82.9

1.53
Moldova
Data not available EU
Young people with tertiary education degree, 2021
(% of population aged 30-34 years old)

28.6 % 34.7 % 36.3% 47.0 %

Moldova EU
Note: Moldova: data supplied by and under the responsibility of the national statistical authority.

Exports and imports of goods from Moldova, 2022 Households with internet access, 2021
(% of total) (% of households)
Exports Imports

Moldova

67 %
To the rest To the EU From the rest From the EU
of the world 59.2 % of the world 46.2 %
40.8 % 53.8 %

EU: 92 %

Note: Moldova: data supplied by and under the responsibility of the national statistical authority.

Basic figures on the candidate countries and potential candidates – factsheets 2023  9
 Population by age group, Moldova and EU, 2021 Employment rate, Moldova and EU
(% of total population, 1 January) (% of total population, 20-64 years old)
80+ 80

70-79 70
60-69 60
50-59 50
40-49
40
30-39
30
20-29
20
10-19 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
0-9 Men (MD) Women (MD)
10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 Men (EU) Women (EU)
Women (EU) Women (MD) Men (EU) Men (MD) Note: Moldova: data supplied by and under the responsibility of
the national statistical authority.

Unemployment rate, Moldova and EU, 2021 Annual average inflation rate,
(% of active population 15-74 years old) Moldova (CPI) and EU (HICP)
(total, % change on previous year)
7.4 30
6.7
25

20

15
3.9
10
2.5 5

0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Men (MD) Men (EU) Women (MD) Women (EU) Moldova EU
Note: Moldova: data supplied by and under the responsibility of Note: Moldova: data supplied by and under the responsibility of the national statistical authority.
the national statistical authority.

Renewable energy sources, Moldova and EU Real change in gross domestic product,
(% of total energy production) Moldova and EU
40 (% change compared with previous year)
14
35 12
10
30 8
25 6
4
20 2
0
15 -2
-4
10 -6
-8
5 -10
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Moldova EU
Note: Moldova: data supplied by and under the responsibility of
Moldova EU the national statistical authority

Distribution of the economy by sector, Moldova and EU, 2021

(% share of total gross value added)
Moldova EU
Agriculture Agriculture
12.3 1.8

Industry
GDP: GDP: 20.0
Services Industry Services
€ 11.6 € 14 530.9
63.6 14.7 72.7
billion billion
Construction
Construction 5.5
9.3

10 Basic figures on the candidate countries and potential candidates – factsheets 2023
North Macedonia
Population, 2022 Population density, 2019
(million, 1 January) (persons per km2)

1.8 83.4
Most similar EU Member State: Most similar EU Member State:
Latvia: 1.9 Romania: 82.7

GDP per capita, 2020 Infant mortality, 2021 Youth unemployment, 2020
(EUR) (per 1 000 live births) (% of labour force aged 15-24 years)
€
5 240 4.6 35.7
EU: 30 030 EU: 3.2 EU: 17.6
Note: North Macedonia: estimated.

Life expectancy, 2021 Total fertility rate, 2019

(years) (average number of children per woman)

North Macedonia EU

77.2 82.9
71.1 75.5

1.44 1.53
North Macedonia EU

Young people with tertiary education degree, 2020

(% of population aged 30-34 years old)

34.3 % 45.3 % 36.0 % 46.2 %

North Macedonia EU

Exports and imports of goods from North Macedonia, 2022 Households with internet access, 2021
(% of total) (% of households)
Exports Imports

To the rest North

of the world Macedonia
21.7 %

To the EU
From the rest
of the world
53.2 %
From the EU
46.8 % 84 %
78.3 %
EU: 92 %

Basic figures on the candidate countries and potential candidates – factsheets 2023  11
 Population by age group, North Macedonia and EU, 2022 Employment rate, North Macedonia and EU
(% of total population, 1 January) (% of total population, 20-64 years old)
80
80+
70-79 70
60-69
60
50-59
40-49 50

30-39 40
20-29
30
10-19
0-9 20
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10
Men (MK) Women (MK)
Women (EU) Women (MK) Men (EU) Men (MK) Men (EU) Women (EU)

Unemployment rate, North Macedonia and EU, 2020 Annual average inflation rate (HICP),
(% of active population 15-74 years old) North Macedonia and EU
(total, % change on previous year)
16
16.7
15.9 14
12
10
8
6
7.6 4
7.0
2
0
-2 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Men (MK) Men (EU) Women (MK) Women (EU) North Macedonia EU

Renewable energy sources, North Macedonia and EU Real change in gross domestic product,
(% of total energy production) North Macedonia and EU
(% change compared with previous year)
30
8
25
4
20

15 0

10
-4
5
-8
0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
North Macedonia EU
North Macedonia EU Note: North Macedonia 2021: provisional data; 2022: estimates.
.
Distribution of the economy by sector, North Macedonia and EU, 2022
(% share of total gross value added)
North Macedonia EU
Agriculture Agriculture
9.0 1.9

Industry
GDP: Industry GDP: 20.6
Services € 12.9 19.4 Services € 15 810.1
65.4 71.9 billion
billion
Construction
5.6
Construction
6.2
12 Basic figures on the candidate countries and potential candidates – factsheets 2023
Albania
Population, 2022 Population density, 2019
(million, 1 January) (persons per km2)

2.8 99.1
Most similar EU Member State: Most similar EU Member State:
Lithuania: 2.8 Cyprus: 95.7

GDP per capita, 2021 Infant mortality, 2021 Youth unemployment, 2021
(EUR) (per 1 000 live births) (% of labour force aged 15-24 years)
€
5 490 8.4 27.1
EU: 32 440 EU: 3.2 EU: 16.6
Note: Albania: estimated. Note: Albania: data supplied by and under the responsibility
of the national statistical authority.

Life expectancy, 2021 Total fertility rate, 2021

(years) (average number of children per woman)

Albania EU

73.6 77.7 77.2 82.9

1.31 1.53
Albania EU

Young people with tertiary education degree, 2021

(% of population aged 30-34 years old)

25.4 % 39.3 % 36.3 % 47.0 %

Albania EU
Note: Albania: data supplied by and under the responsibility of the national statistical authority.

Exports and imports of goods from Albania, 2022 Households with internet access, 2021
(% of total) (% of households)
Exports Imports

To the rest Albania

of the world
26.6 %

To the EU
From the rest
of the world
48.4 %
From the EU
51.6 % 91 %
73.4 %
EU: 92 %

Basic figures on the candidate countries and potential candidates – factsheets 2023  13
 Population by age group, Albania and EU, 2021 Employment rate, Albania and EU
(% of total population, 1 January) (% of total population, 20-64 years old)
80
80+
70-79 70

60-69 60
50-59 50
40-49
40
30-39
20-29 30

10-19 20
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
0-9 Men (AL) Women (AL)
10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 Men (EU) Women (EU)
Note: Albania: data supplied by and under the responsibility of
Women (EU) Women (AL) Men (EU) Men (AL) the national statistical authority, 2011-2016 and 2018-2021: estimates.

Unemployment rate, Albania and EU, 2021 Annual average inflation rate,
(% of active population 15-74 years old) Albania (CPI) and EU (HICP)
(total, % change on previous year)
10
11.4 11.8
9
8
7
6
7.4 5
6.7
4
3
2
1
0
Men (AL) Men (EU) Women (AL) Women (EU) -1
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Note: Albania: data supplied by and under the responsibility of
the national statistical authority. 2021: estimated data. Albania EU

Renewable energy sources, Albania and EU Real change in gross domestic product,
(% of total energy production) Albania and EU
60 (% change compared with previous year)
6
50
4
40 2
30 0

20 -2

10 -4

0 -6
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Albania EU
Albania EU Note: Albania 2020: provisional data.
.
Distribution of the economy by sector, Albania and EU, 2021
(% share of total gross value added)
Albania EU
Agriculture Agriculture
20.3 1.8

Industry
GDP: GDP: 20.0
Services € 15.4 Services € 14 530.9
54.7 Industry 72.7
billion 14.1 billion
Construction
Construction 5.5
10.9
14 Basic figures on the candidate countries and potential candidates – factsheets 2023
Serbia
Population, 2022 Population density, 2019
(million, 1 January) (persons per km2)

6.8 90.5
Most similar EU Member State: Most similar EU Member State:
Bulgaria: 6.8 Spain: 93.8

GDP per capita, 2022 Infant mortality, 2021 Youth unemployment, 2022
(EUR) (per 1 000 live births) (% of labour force aged 15-24 years)
€
8 920 4.7 24.4
EU: 35 220 EU: 3.2 EU: 14.5
Note: Serbia: provisional.

Life expectancy, 2021 Total fertility rate, 2021

(years) (average number of children per woman)

Serbia EU

75.7 77.2 82.9

70.0

1.52 1.53
Serbia EU

Young people with tertiary education degree, 2021

(% of population aged 30-34 years old)

27.7 % 43.2 % 36.3 % 47.0 %

Serbia EU

Exports and imports of goods from Serbia, 2022 Households with internet access, 2022
(% of total) (% of households)
Exports Imports

To the rest Serbia

83 %
of the world From the rest From the EU
34.0 % of the world 51.9 %
To the EU 48.1 %
66.0 %
EU: 92 %

Basic figures on the candidate countries and potential candidates – factsheets 2023  15
 Population by age group, Serbia and EU, 2022 Employment rate, Serbia and EU
(% of total population, 1 January) (% of total population, 20-64 years old)
80
80+
70-79 70
60-69
60
50-59
40-49 50
30-39
40
20-29
10-19 30

0-9 20
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10
Men (RS) Women (RS)
Women (EU) Women (RS) Men (EU) Men (RS) Men (EU) Women (EU)

Unemployment rate, Serbia and EU, 2022 Annual average inflation rate (HICP),
(% of active population 15-74 years old) Serbia and EU
(total, % change on previous year)
9.9 12
9.1 11
10
9
8
6.5 7
6
5.8 5
4
3
2
1
0
-1
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Men (RS) Men (EU) Women (RS) Women (EU) Serbia EU

Renewable energy sources, Serbia and EU Real change in gross domestic product,
(% of total energy production) Serbia and EU
40 (% change compared with previous year)
8
35
30 4
25
20 0
15
10 -4
5
0 -8
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Serbia EU
Serbia EU Note: Serbia 2022: provisional data.

Distribution of the economy by sector, Serbia and EU, 2022

(% share of total gross value added)
Serbia EU
Agriculture Agriculture
8.2 1.9

Industry
GDP: GDP: 20.6
Services € 60.4 Industry Services € 15 810.1
63.7 21.4 71.9 billion
billion
Construction
5.6
Construction
6.7
16 Basic figures on the candidate countries and potential candidates – factsheets 2023
Türkiye
Population, 2022 Population density, 2019
(million, 1 January) (persons per km2)

84.7 107.7
Most similar EU Member State: Most similar EU Member State:
Germany: 83.2 Austria: 107.6

GDP per capita, 2021 Infant mortality, 2019 Youth unemployment, 2020
(EUR) (per 1 000 live births) (% of labour force aged 15-24 years)
€
8 190 9.1 25.1
EU: 32 440 EU: 3.4 EU: 17.6

Life expectancy, 2019 Total fertility rate, 2019

(years) (average number of children per woman)

Türkiye EU

76.4 81.8 78.5 84.0

1.88 1.53
Türkiye EU

Young people with tertiary education degree, 2020

(% of population aged 30-34 years old)

33.9 % 32.2 % 36.0% 46.2 %

Türkiye EU

Exports and imports of goods from Türkiye, 2020 Households with internet access, 2022
(% of total) (% of households)
Exports Imports

From the EU Türkiye

94 %
To the EU 25.5 %
To the rest
of the world 40.4 %
From the rest
59.6 % of the world
74.5 % EU: 92 %

Basic figures on the candidate countries and potential candidates – factsheets 2023  17
 Population by age group, Türkiye and EU, 2021 Employment rate, Türkiye and EU
(% of total population, 1 January) (% of total population, 20-64 years old)
80+ 80

70-79 70
60-69
60
50-59
40-49 50
30-39
40
20-29
10-19 30

0-9 20
10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Women (EU) Women (TR) Men (EU) Men (TR) Men (TR) Women (TR)
Men (EU) Women (EU)
Unemployment rate, Türkiye and EU, 2020 Annual average inflation rate (HICP),
(% of active population 15-74 years old) Türkiye and EU
(total, % change on previous year)
80
14.9
70

12.4 60
50
40

7.6 30
7.0
20
10
0
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Türkiye EU
Men (TR) Men (EU) Women (TR) Women (EU)

Renewable energy sources, Türkiye and EU Real change in gross domestic product,
(% of total energy production) Türkiye and EU
30 (% change compared with previous year)
12
25 10
8
20
6
15 4

10 2
0
5 -2
0 -4
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 -6
Türkiye EU 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Note: Türkiye: data not available. Türkiye EU
.

Distribution of the economy by sector, Türkiye and EU, 2021

(% share of total gross value added)
Türkiye EU
Agriculture Agriculture
6.2 1.8

Industry
GDP: GDP: 20.0
Services Industry Services
€ 689.5 € 14 530.9
59.0 29.1 72.7
billion billion
Construction
5.5
Construction
5.7
18 Basic figures on the candidate countries and potential candidates – factsheets 2023
Ukraine
Population, 2022 Population density, 2022
(million, 1 January) (persons per km2)

41.0 Data not available

Most similar EU Member State:
Poland: 37.7

GDP per capita, 2021 Infant mortality, 2020 Youth unemployment, 2021
(EUR) (per 1 000 live births) (% of labour force aged 15-24 years)
€
4 077 6.8 19.1
EU: 32 440 EU: 3.3 EU: 16.6
Note: Ukraine: data supplied by and under the
responsibility of the national statistical authority.

Life expectancy, 2019 Total fertility rate, 2019

(years) (average number of children per woman)

Ukraine EU

68.4 78.3 78.5 84.0

1.14 1.53
Ukraine EU
Young people with tertiary education degree, 2021
(% of population aged 30-34 years old)

51.4 % 64.8 % 36.3% 47.0 %

Ukraine EU
Note: Ukraine: data supplied by and under the responsibility of the national statistical authority.

Exports and imports of goods from Ukraine, 2022 Households with internet access, 2021
(% of total) (% of households)
Exports Imports

Ukraine
Data not available Data not available
83 %
EU: 92 %

Basic figures on the candidate countries and potential candidates – factsheets 2023  19
 Population by age group, Ukraine and EU, 2022 Employment rate, Ukraine and EU
(% of total population, 1 January) (% of total population, 20-64 years old)
80+ 80

70-79 70
60-69 60
50-59 50
40-49
40
30-39
30
20-29
20
10-19 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
0-9 Men (UA) Women (UA)
10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 Men (EU) Women (EU)
Women (EU) Women (UA) Men (EU) Men (UA) Note: Ukraine: data supplied by and under the responsibility of
the national statistical authority, estimated.

Unemployment rate, Ukraine and EU, 2021 Annual average inflation rate (HICP),
(% of active population 15-74 years old) Ukraine (CPI) and EU (HICP)
(total, % change on previous year)
49
10.1 44
9.5
39
34
7.4 29
6.7 24
19
14
9
4
-1
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Men (UA) Men (EU) Women (UA) Women (EU) Ukraine EU
Note: 2014-2022 Excluding the temporarily occupied territories of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea,
Note: Ukraine: data supplied by and under the responsibility of
the national statistical authority. Population aged 15-70 years old.
the city of Sevastopol and a part of temporarily occupied territories in the Donetsk and Luhansk regions.

Renewable energy sources, Ukraine and EU Real change in gross domestic product,
(% of total energy production) Ukraine and EU
30 (% change compared with previous year)
6
25 4
2
20
0
15 -2
-4
10
-6
5 -8
-10
0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 Ukraine EU
Note: Ukraine: data supplied by and under the responsibility of
Ukraine EU the national statistical authority

Distribution of the economy by sector, Ukraine and EU, 2021

(% share of total gross value added)
Ukraine EU
Agriculture Agriculture
12.7 1.8

Industry
GDP: GDP: 20.0
Services Industry Services
€ 168.7 € 14 530.9
60.3 23.8 72.7
billion billion
Construction
Construction 5.5
3.2

20 Basic figures on the candidate countries and potential candidates – factsheets 2023
Kosovo
Population, 2021 Population density, 2021
(million, 1 January) (persons per km2)

1.8 164.9
Most similar EU Member State: Most similar EU Member State:
Latvia: 1.9 Denmark: 138.5 (2019)
Note: Kosovo: data supplied by and under the responsibility
of the national statistical authority.

GDP per capita, 2021 Infant mortality, 2019 Youth unemployment, 2021
(EUR) (per 1 000 live births) (% of labour force aged 15-24 years)
€
4 426 8.7 38.0
EU: 32 440 EU: 3.4 EU: 16.6
Note: Kosovo: data supplied by and under the responsibility
of the national statistical authority.

Life expectancy, 2016 Total fertility rate, 2019

(years) (average number of children per woman)

Kosovo EU

75.9 81.6 78.0 83.7

1.55 1.53
Kosovo EU
Young people with tertiary education degree, 2021
(% of population aged 30-34 years old)

30.8 % 34.0 % 36.3 % 47.0 %

Kosovo EU
Note: Kosovo: data supplied by and under the responsibility of the national statistical authority.

Exports and imports of goods from Kosovo, 2020 Households with internet access, 2020
(% of total) (% of households)
Exports Imports

Kosovo
To the EU

To the rest
of the world
33.9 % From the rest
of the world
57.6 %
From the EU
42.4 % 96 %
66.1 %
EU: 91 % (estimated)

Basic figures on the candidate countries and potential candidates – factsheets 2023  21
 Population by age group, Kosovo and EU, 2020 Employment rate, Kosovo and EU
(% of total population, 1 January) (% of total population, 20-64 years old)

80+ 80

70-79 70
60
60-69
50-59 50

40-49 40

30-39 30

20-29 20

10-19 10
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
0-9 Men (XK) Women (XK)
10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 Men (EU) Women (EU)
Note: Kosovo: data supplied by and under the responsibility of
Women (EU) Women (XK) Men (EU) Men (XK) the national statistical authority.

Unemployment rate, Kosovo and EU, 2021 Annual average inflation rate (HICP),
(% of active population 15-74 years old) Kosovo and EU
(total, % change on previous year)
24.9 12
11
10
9
18.9 8
7
6
5
4
3
7.4 2
6.7 1
0
-1 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Men (XK) Men (EU) Women (XK) Women (EU)
Kosovo EU
Note: Kosovo: data supplied by and under the responsibility of Note: Kosovo: data supplied by and under the responsibility of the national statistical authority.
the national statistical authority.

Renewable energy sources, Kosovo and EU Real change in gross domestic product,
(% of total energy production) Kosovo and EU
30 (% change compared with previous year)
12
25 10
8
20
6
15 4
2
10 0
-2
5
-4
0 -6
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Kosovo EU
Kosovo EU Note: Kosovo 2022: provisional data.

Distribution of the economy by sector, Kosovo and EU, 2022

(% share of total gross value added)
Kosovo EU
Agriculture Agriculture
9.2 1.9

Industry
GDP: GDP: 20.6
Services Industry Services € 15 810.1
€ 9.0
55.8 24.7 71.9
billion billion
Construction
5.6
Construction
10.3

22 Basic figures on the candidate countries and potential candidates – factsheets 2023
Georgia
Population, 2022 Population density, 2022
(million, 1 January) (persons per km2)

3.7 64.5
Most similar EU Member State: Most similar EU Member State:
Croatia: 3.9 Bulgaria: 63.8 (2019)
Note: Georgia: data supplied by and under the responsibility
of the national statistical authority.

GDP per capita, 2021 Infant mortality, 2020 Youth unemployment, 2021
(EUR) (per 1 000 live births) (% of labour force aged 15-24 years)
€
4 242 7.9 42.9
EU: 32 440 EU: 3.3 EU: 16.6
Note: Georgia: Based on 2008 SNA Note: Georgia: data supplied by and under the
responsibility of the national statistical authority.

Life expectancy, 2019 Total fertility rate, 2020

(years) (average number of children per woman)

Georgia EU

69.8 78.4 78.5 84.0

1.98 1.50
Georgia EU
Young people with tertiary education degree, 2021
(% of population aged 30-34 years old)

32.3 % 38.9 % 36.3% 47.0 %

Georgia EU
Note: Georgia: data supplied by and under the responsibility of the national statistical authority.

Exports and imports of goods from Georgia, 2022 Households with internet access, 2022
(% of total) (% of households)
Exports Imports

To the EU
15.9 % From the EU
22.2 %
Georgia

To the rest
of the world
From the rest
of the world
88 %
84.1 % 77.8 %
EU: 92 %

Note: Georgia: data supplied by and under the responsibility of the national statistical authority.

Basic figures on the candidate countries and potential candidates – factsheets 2023  23
 Population by age group, Georgia and EU, 2021 Employment rate, Georgia and EU
(% of total population, 1 January) (% of total population, 20-64 years old)
80+ 80

70-79 70
60-69 60
50-59 50
40-49
40
30-39
30
20-29
20
10-19 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
0-9 Men (GE) Women (GE)
10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 Men (EU) Women (EU)
Women (EU) Women (GE) Men (EU) Men (GE) Note: Georgia: data supplied by and under the responsibility of
the national statistical authority, estimated.

Unemployment rate, Georgia and EU, 2021 Annual average inflation rate (HICP),
(% of active population 15-74 years old) Georgia (CPI) and EU (HICP)
(total, % change on previous year)
12
22.7 11
10
9
17.8 8
7
6
5
4
3
2
6.7 7.4 1
0
-1
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Men (GE) Men (EU) Women (GE) Women (EU) Georgia EU
Note: Georgia: data supplied by and under the responsibility of Note: Georgia: data supplied by and under the responsibility of the national statistical authority
the national statistical authority. Population aged 15 years and over.

Renewable energy sources, Georgia and EU Real change in gross domestic product,
(% of total energy production) Georgia and EU
(% change compared with previous year)
100 12
10
80 8
6
60 4
2
0
40 -2
-4
20 -6
-8
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
0
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Georgia EU
Note: Georgia: data supplied by and under the responsibility of
Georgia EU the national statistical authority

Distribution of the economy by sector, Georgia and EU, 2021

(% share of total gross value added)
Georgia EU
Agriculture Agriculture
7.4 1.8

Industry
GDP: GDP: 20.0
Services Industry Services
€ 15.7 € 14 530.9
68.1 17.0 72.7
billion billion
Construction
Construction 5.5
7.5

24 Basic figures on the candidate countries and potential candidates – factsheets 2023
Statistical cooperation with the candidate countries and
potential candidates
Among the EU Member States, statistics are coordinated by Eurostat,
the statistical office of the EU, through the European statistical
system (ESS). The ESS is based on the harmonisation of statistical
concepts, methodologies, definitions and methods, which enable
the collection of reliable, robust and comparable statistics among
EU Member States, EFTA countries and the candidate countries and
potential candidates.
Reliable and comparable statistics are a precondition for a successful
accession process. The EU acquis in the field of statistics requires the
existence of a statistical infrastructure based on principles such as
professional independence, objectivity, impartiality, commitment
to quality, reliability, transparency, confidentiality of individual data
and equal access of official statistical data for all users. The EU acquis
also covers methodology, classifications and procedures for data
collection. Little transposition into national legislation is needed, as
the majority of the EU acquis takes the form of regulations which are
directly applicable in EU Member States.
On 23 June 2022, the European Council unanimously agreed to
grant EU candidate status to Ukraine and Moldova and a European
perspective to Georgia. On 15 December 2022, Bosnia and
Herzegovina received candidate country status.
Official statistics play a triple role in the enlargement process:
• the EU acquis (Chapter 18) defines the harmonisation of statistics
with EU standards and rules which have to be achieved in the
pre-accession period;
• they serve other EU policy areas by providing data for monitoring
changes and assessing the impact of policies chosen;
• they provide statistical indicators for monitoring the
implementation of the Instrument of Pre-accession Assistance
(IPA) programmes.
Eurostat monitors the compliance of national statistical systems with
the EU acquis in the field of statistics. Eurostat also provides technical
assistance and support to national statistical authorities and other
producers of official statistics. Some instruments — statistical
training courses, traineeships, study visits, management training,
and participation in meetings within the ESS — aim to reinforce
human skills in the candidate countries and potential candidates.
In addition, Eurostat conducts peer reviews and adapted global
For more information, see:
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Enlargement_policy_and_statistical_cooperation
Basic figures on the candidate countries and potential candidates – factsheets 2023 
assessments of the statistical systems in the candidate countries and
potential candidates.
While basic principles and institutional frameworks for producing
statistics are already in place, the candidate countries and potential
candidates are expected to increase the volume and quality of their
data progressively and to transmit these data to Eurostat in the
context of the EU’s enlargement process. The final objective of the EU
in relation to official statistics is to obtain harmonised, high-quality
data that conform to both European and international standards.
Eurostat collects data on an annual basis and this exercise also
provides an opportunity to offer methodological recommendations
to the candidate countries and potential candidates. Eurostat plays a
key role in improving transparency for the candidate countries and
potential candidates by publishing data, both in publications such
as this one and through its free dissemination database (Eurobase).
Geographical coverage of the candidate countries and
potential candidates
The data and their denomination in no way constitute the
expression of an opinion by the European Commission on the legal
status of a country or territory or on the delimitation of its frontiers.
• The data managed by the National Bureau of Statistics of the
Republic of Moldova does not include data from Transnistria over
which the government of the Republic of Moldova does not
exercise control.
• Data for Ukraine generally have a break in series in 2014, since
they exclude the illegally annexed Autonomous Republic of
Crimea and the City of Sevastopol and territories which are
not under control of the Ukrainian government (see specific
footnotes for precise coverage). Data on Ukraine for the year
2021 is limited due to exemption under the martial law from
mandatory data submission to the State Statistics Service of
Ukraine, effective as of 3 March 2022.
• The data for Georgia exclude the regions of Abkhazia and South
Ossetia over which Georgia does not exercise control.
25
 National statistical authorities of the candidate countries and
potential candidates
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA SERBIA
Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia
http://www.bhas.ba/?lang=en http://www.stat.gov.rs/en-US/

MONTENEGRO TÜRKİYE
Statistical Office of Montenegro Turkish Statistical Institute
http://www.monstat.org/eng/ https://www.tuik.gov.tr/Home/Index

MOLDOVA UKRAINE
National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova State Statistics Service of Ukraine
https://statistica.gov.md/index.php/ro?l=en https://ukrstat.gov.ua/

NORTH MACEDONIA KOSOVO

State Statistical Office Kosovo Agency of Statistics
http://www.stat.gov.mk/Default_en.aspx http://ask.rks-gov.net/en/

ALBANIA GEORGIA
Institute of Statistics National Statistics Office of Georgia
http://www.instat.gov.al/en/home.aspx https://www.geostat.ge/en

Sources
The figures shown in this document are based on statistics extracted in April 2023 from Eurostat’s database:
https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database
Unless otherwise stated, data for the candidate countries and potential candidates have been collected and validated by Eurostat
according to the standards used for EU Member States.
Data were extracted from the following specific Eurostat datasets:

DEMOGRAPHY AND HEALTH ECONOMY, TRADE AND FINANCE

• Population (demo_gind)
• Population density (demo_r_d3dens); national data for Bosnia
and Herzegovina, Moldova, Kosovo and Georgia; Ukraine not
available
• Population by age groups (demo_pjangroup)
• Fertility rate (demo_find); Bosnia and Herzegovina and
Moldova not available
• Infant mortality rate (demo_minfind); Bosnia and Herzegovina
not available
LABOUR MARKET AND EDUCATION
• Employment rate (lfsi_emp_a) and (enpe_lfsa_ergan); national
data for Bosnia and Herzegovina, Albania and Kosovo
• Unemployment rate (une_rt_a) and (enpe_lfsa_urgan);
national data for Bosnia and Herzegovina, Albania and Kosovo
• Youth unemployment rate (une_rt_a) and (enpe_lfsa_urgan);
national data for Bosnia and Herzegovina, Albania and Kosovo
• Attained tertiary education (30-34 years old) (edat_lfse_03)
and (enpe_edat_lfse_03 (total)); national data for Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Albania and Kosovo
• Gross domestic product (GDP) (nama_10_gdp) and (enpe_
nama_10_gdp)
• GDP per capita (nama_10_pc) and (enpe_nama_10_gdp);
national data for Bosnia and Herzegovina and Kosovo
• Annual growth in GDP (volume) (nama_10_gdp) and
(enpe_nama_10_gdp)
• Consumer price inflation (prc_hicp_aind) and (enpe_cpi);
national data for Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Exports of goods to the EU-27 (ext_lt_intercc) and
(enpe_ext_intro); Ukraine not available
• Imports of goods from the EU-27 (ext_lt_intercc) and
(enpe_ext_intro); Ukraine not available
INDUSTRY, ENERGY AND COMMUNICATIONS
• Distribution of economy by sector (nama_10_a10) and
(enpe_nama_10_a10)
• Share of renewables in energy production (nrg_bal_s)
• Households with internet access (isoc_ci_in_h) and
(enpe_isoc_ci_in_h)

26 Basic figures on the candidate countries and potential candidates – factsheets 2023
 PDF: KS-04-23-313-EN-N
Basic figures on
candidate countries and
potential candidates
2023 EDITION

The Factsheets of Basic figures on candidate countries and potential

candidates present a series of basic statistical data for ten candidate
countries and potential candidates and compares them with EU data. The
candidate countries at the time of writing are: Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Montenegro, the Republic of Moldova, North Macedonia, Albania, Serbia,
Türkiye and Ukraine. Kosovo and Georgia are potential candidates.

With data up to and including the year 2021, this publication presents
indicators from various domains such as demography, education, labour
market, inflation, trade, GDP, energy, etc.

For more information

https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/

PDF: ISBN 978-92-68-01039-6