ENGLISH 8

A LEARNER’S MODULE FOR

THE 3RD QUARTER LESSON 2
Let us begin this lesson by reflecting on what you know so far about Thailand.
KNOW

As we go through life, we encounter people from different walks of life. Interacting with them, we are exposed to
various views and different ways of understanding and describing common experiences. This often leads us to ponder
on the question, “How do we express our views while respecting other cultures?” Explore answers to this question by
engaging in a series of learning experiences in this module.

Let‘s start working on this lesson by looking at the pictures below. As we go through the process, keep on thinking about these
questions: How does diversity contribute to unity? How do traditions and beliefs bring about
diversity and or harmony?

The Kingdom of Thailand is one of the fast-growing and developing countries in Southeast Asia. She is known as the ―”Land of
the Free”.

Source: https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=thailand+attractions

INTRODUCTION TO THAILAND

Whilst its neighbours fell prey to the colonising powers of Europe, Japan and the United States, Thailand holds a unique position
in South East Asia for its ability to have retained its integrity.
This was not without a price however, as Thailand was not only compelled to give away large areas of land to the French and
English but was also forced to end its position of neutrality during World War II and side with the Japanese – or face being taken
over. Called Siam until 1939, the bloodless Siamese coup d’état ended the rule of absolute monarchy and resulted in the renaming
of the country to ‘Thailand’.

Although Thailand had aligned with the Japanese during the second world war, it proceeded to become a US ally in 1954 whereby
it fought alongside America during the Vietnam war.

Politically tumultuous, Thailand has faced coups in 1932, 1947 2006 and 2014. There is also considerable violence due to the
ethno-nationalist insurgency taking place in its Malay-Muslim majority province which has resulted in the deaths of thousands of
civilians.

LANGUAGE
The Thai language is comprised of 44 consonants, 32 vowels and five tones in Thai pronunciation, along with a script that has
Indian origins.The Thai language, belonging to the ‘Tai’ family, is the standard spoken language in Thailand and is used for
governmental and administrative purposes across the country. Regional dialects are particularly distinct depending on whether the
speaker is from the North or South of Thailand.
Other languages spoken in Thailand are Chinese, Lao, Malay and Mon-Khmer. The use of English is becoming more prevalent in
government and commerce. It is also being taught as a second language in secondary school and universities, which enables the
English-speaking visitor in Thailand to have little trouble conversing.

The largest concentration of people speaking Thai outside of the country is in the US; in particular in the states of California and
Los Angeles.

CULTURE & SOCIETY

(Religion & Beliefs)
With 93% of adherents, Buddhism is the official religion in Thailand with Islam as the largest minority religious group at 5% of
adherents. Christians account for 1.2% of the Thai population and those in the ‘other’ or non-religious category account for 0.8%.

SPORTS
Muay Thai: What is Muay Thai? Muay Thai is a national sport of Thailand as well as a national passion. It is a fighting technique
borne out of combat reality. Known as the science of eight limbs Muay Thai kickboxing uses the knees and elbows as well as
kicks and punches. Almost any part of the body is considered a fair target and any part of the body, except the head, may be used
to strike an opponent. It is considered by many to be the ultimate in hand-to-hand fighting. Muay Thai kickboxing is a
professional and amateur sport, a martial art, aerobic fitness programme and a useful form of self-defence. But Muay Thai
kickboxing is more than just learning how to fight. Muay Thai kickboxing is a strong and vigorous martial art art that teaches self-
discipline and self-awareness. It has been passed down through generations for the last 2000 years.

ETIQUETTE
Thai etiquette is based on traditions of Buddhism. The society is non- confrontational in nature and so disputes need to be averted
at all costs. Thai people stress on proper behavior and dress. Revealing clothes and behaving rudely in public needs to be avoided
at all costs.

MUSIC AND DANCE

Music consists of both the folk music and also the classical traditions along with pop or string music. The Ram Thai is the main
art form while the dance forms can be divided into the high art or classical dance and low art or folk dance. Thai dance can be
divided into 3 forms namely khon, likay-khon and lakhon.

Task 1: SAY YOU...SAY ME...

What did you notice in the pictures? Can you see some connections? Do you think we have similarities in terms of culture, beliefs
and traditions? Explain.
Work with a partner and answer the following guide questions:
1. What are their customs and traditions?
2. What landmarks are they noted for?
3. Do they have a culture similar to us?
4. What does this imply?

Task 2: PICK AND MATCH

Directions: Using task 2 ,‖”What I Want To Know”‖ guide, find out whether the words or symbols you have written match with
the following selection below. Before you proceed, connect the pictures under Column A with the vocabulary under Column B
and the meaning under Column C.

Column A Column B Column C

1. recline painting on walls

2. spire tilt back or lie back

 3. murals tall, pointed structure

4. mosaic pictures of small colored pieces

5. loquacious talkative

PROCESS The selection which you are about to read is a Thai folktale. Its theme is centered on the
Buddhist principle of suppressing one‘s earthly desire to achieve enlightenment.

Draw out the Filipino values and traits of the character which enable him to become successful and better
person. Find out the author‘s purpose of writing this selection.

Makato and the Cowrie Shell

(A Thai Folktale)
by Supanee Khanchanathiti

Once upon a time, there was a boy whose name was Makato. He was an orphan, for his father and mother died when he was very
young. He had no brothers, sisters, cousins or friends to take care of him, so he had to make a living for himself. He did every
kind of work—carrying heavy things, clearing away the forest, or feeding pigs. He never idled. Although he was paid only small
wages, he was satisfied. He knew that if he would not work, he would starve. Wherever he went, his employers praised him for
being sensible, hardworking, good-tempered and cheerful.

One fine evening after he had finished chopping up a big pile of wood, he sat down to rest and thought of all he would like to do
in the future. He wanted to try his luck in far– off strange lands, for he longed for exciting adventures.
“What are you thinking about so deeply, my boy?” asked his employer.

“I would like to go on a journey for adventure,” said Makato, pointing to the northeast. “I heard that the land is fertile and the
people are kind. I wish I could see the land for myself.” His eyes sparked with excitement.

“The land you wish to go to is called Sukhothai,” said his employer. “They say Pra Ruang of Sukhothai is a very kind–hearted
king. You might be lucky if you could go there.”
Sometime later, Makato decided to try his fortune. He left his village and set out in the wide world .He walked along cheerfully,
enjoying new insights and talking to the people he met on the way. After a month‘s journey, he reached a village on the boundary
of the Kingdom of Sukhothai.

‘Please, can I have some water to drink?’ Makato asked an old woman with a big water pot on her head. “I‘m so thirsty.”
“Where did you come from? Why are you here alone? You look as if you‘ve come a long way,” said the old woman, pouring cold
water from her pot into a small cup and handling it to Makato.

“Thank you so much,” said the boy. “Who are your father and mother? Haven‘t you any family?” the old woman asked again.
“I come from the City of Mon over there,” replied Makato. “Good heavens! Have you really come from Môn? How is it that you
are travelling alone, such a young boy as you are?”
“I wanted to see Pra Ruang of Sukhothai,” replied Makato.”They say he is a very kind-hearted king.” ‘You are a very determined
boy!” said the woman.‖Come along with me .Who knows? You might see Pra Ruang someday.”

Makato was glad to go with her. If he could work with this kind of woman, he would have a place to sleep, some food to eat and
perhaps someday, he might be lucky enough to see the king.
The old woman was one of the Pra Ruang Mahouts, which meant that she helped the mahout find the food for the elephant and
clean out the elephants‘ sheds. He worked hard and well, and the mahout and his wife grew fond of him.

One day, the sky was clear and the weather so fine, it seemed to Makato that it must be a lucky day. As he worked in the
elephants‘ sheds, a tall young man in a splendid costume, followed by attendants, came in. It was Pra Ruang himself. Makato
bowed low at once with his hands clasped together before him.

His heart beat fast. “Where did the boy come from?” the king asked the mahout, who was attending him. “How old is he?‖ the
king asked further. ―12 years old, your Majesty,” replied the mahout. “A good-looking and hardworking boy,”‖ said the king.
“Take good care of him.”

‖
As the king walked away, Makato saw a little cowrie shell lying on the ground .He ran to pick up and held it to the king, but the
king said with a smile, “You may keep it.”
“How wonderful!” Makato thought, “the king has given me a cowrie shell.”

At the time, the people of Sukhothai used cowrie shells as money. Although one cowrie had little value, Makato wanted to make
as much use of it as possible, for it was the king‘s gift. For a long time, he could not think of a way to use it so that it would earn
money for him.

One day, he passed by a stall in the market where the seeds of many different plants were sold. He looked along the stall and
caught sight of a basket full of lettuce seed. Lettuces! He could grow small plants like that. He asked the joyful woman at the stall,
“Can I buy some lettuce seed?”

“Oh yes, my boy. How much do you want?” said the old woman. “I have one cowrie shell!” said Makato. “One cowrie shell!”
said the woman, laughing.”That won‘t buy anything. I can‘t even measure that much.”

“Look!” said Makato eagerly. “I will dip my finger into the pile of seeds. Then, I will take the seeds that stick to it. That must be
right for one cowrie shell.” “Well, why not?” said the amused woman at his suggestions. “All right boy. Help yourself.”

Makato paid the woman his one cowrie shell .Then, he dipped his finger into the pile of seeds. When he pulled his wet finger out,
it was covered with seeds. He carefully scraped them of his finger into the palm of his hand and went away, happily clutching the
seeds.

Now that he had seeds, Makato broke the soil and sowed them at once. He watered the seed bed every day and soon, the young
plants appeared. Day by day, he cleared more ground and planted more lettuce seedlings until the kitchen garden was covered
with them. He was very proud of himself because he had done so well.

“I wish I could give the king some lettuces,” he thought. One day, the king passed by the elephants‘ sheds again. Makato waited
for an opportunity, then knelt down and proudly presented his biggest lettuces to the king.

“Where did you get this?” the king asked, surprised. “I grew them from the cowrie shell you gave me, Your Majesty,” answered
Makato, beaming with a smile.

“How could you do that?” asked the puzzled king. Makato told the king the whole story. The king was impressed with his
intelligence and industry, so much so that later on, he gave Makato a job in the palace.

As the years passed, Makato grew tall and handsome. He mastered every grace and served the king well. He was so loyal that the
king trusted him absolutely. He was promoted to higher positions until he was given a title of Kun Wang, which meant that he was
the most important person in the King’s court. He was also happily married to beautiful young daughter of the King. After that,
the King made him the rule of the Mon. So it was that Makato, who had once been an orphan, became the King of that prosperous
kingdom.
 Task 3 PROCESS QUESTIONS:
1. Describe Makato. What character traits does he possess?

2. What could be the reason why Makato left his place?

3. Through inferring what the character says, does and thinks, one can recognize the traits of a literary character. Cite lines,
actions and thoughts which show Makato‘s traits..

4. What were those changes in Makato‘s life after meeting the king? Enumerate.

5. Which of Makato‘s traits are similar to yours?

6. How would you nurture and enhance your positive traits? In what ways?

7. What lessons in life does the author want to convey to you?

Task 4: PAINT A PICTURE

What are Makato‘s character traits? Describe his appearance, attitude, action and speech. Fill up the character web with your
answers and explain.
Action Appearance

Character
What the character does What the character looks like
______________
What the character says What the character feels

Articulation Attitude

Task 5: COMPARE AND SHARE

Using the Venn diagram on the next page, compare yourself with Makato. Be guided by the following
questions:
1. What traits do you both share? Write your answers between two circles.
2. Write your character traits, which are different from Makato‘s, inside the right circle.
3. Write Makato‘s character traits, which are different from yours, inside the left circle.
4. Which of those traits would you like to improve? Explain

Makato Myself

Task 6: LAY THE ROAD MAP

Using the timeline, plot the events which led to Makato‘s success. Be guided by the following key questions:
1. What kind of life did he have at the beginning of the story? Describe.
2. What motivated him to leave his place?
3. How did the king recognize him? Cite the incident that showed it.
4. What did he do with the cowrie shell?
5. What was his reward from the king?

Task 7: INTROSPECTING
What lessons in life have you learned from Makato‘s experiences? Write a 5-7 sentence paragraph. Provide your
own title.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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 Task 8: CONNECTING...PAIRING
Directions: Compose sentences describing the character traits of Makato using coordinate conjunctions.
Work with a partner and brainstorm ideas. You are going to read your work orally in front of the class. You
may choose from the following topics:
 Makato, the Teenager
 My Brief Encounter With Makato
 Makato‘s Dream and My Dream
 How Makato Influenced My Life
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________

In-Text Citation or parenthetical citation provides sourcing information about quoted or

paraphrased text. The purpose of the in-text citation is to indicate that the quoted or paraphrased information was
originated from certain authors or sources and to guide readers to the corresponding entry in the list of works cited. It
should be as brief and as clear as possible. Generally, parenthetical citation includes the last name of the author and
year of publication. Page numbers are also included when citing a direct quote.

 Parenthetical citation without author’s name in the text:

Ex.
Harlem had many artists and
musicians in the late 1920s
(Belafonte, 2008).
 Parenthetical citation when the author is mentioned in the text:
Ex.
According to Belafonte, Harlem was
full of artists and musicians in the
late 1920s (2008).
 Parenthetical citation with multiple authors:
Works with two authors
Ex.
Rallying to restore sanity was a
Revolutionary undertaking
(Stewart & Colbert, 2010)
Works with three to five authors
Ex.
The event resulted in thousands of
participants flocking to the
National Mall in support of
the cause (Stewart et al., 2010).
 Citing sources without an author – if a work has no author, include the first few words of the bibliography
entry (in many cases, the title) and the year.
Ex.
The report includes some bleak
Results (Information literacy in Academia, 2009).
 Citing part of a work- when citing a specific part of a work, provide the relevant page number or section
identifier, such as chapters, tables or equations. Direct quotes should always have page numbers.
 Ex.
One of the most memorable quote is when he says, “ you are going to live a good long life
filled with great and terrible moments that you cannot even imagine yet!” to Augustus (Green, 2012,
p.272).

Task 9: Using the information set below, write the correct parenthetical citations for each
example.
Note: Remember where the punctuation goes!

Information set:

Donald Sam. Bantering on Watergate. New York: Penguin Books, 1985

Jennings, Peter. Pushing the Limits of Political Journalism. Washington: Greater Politics Press,1994

Joyce, James. Ulysses. New York. Vawtage International, 1934

Xavier, Jason. Somewhere in the Political Realm. New York: Ballawtime, 2002.

1. Following the fight, “he spoke in German and then left us behind” ( )
-from Donald son’s Bantering on Watergate, page 45

2. “I never thought of myself proud,” says Jennings in his book Pushing the Limits of
Political Journalism ( )
- This source was located on page 107.
2. He was angry. In fact, “enraged is how he felt after the episode” ( )
-from Jason Xavier’s book Somewhere in the Political Realm, page 233.

4. This thought brings forth the Victorian tradition previously mentioned of the lovers’ coded floral
communiqué. With this in mind, Bloom read the letter again, murmuring here and there a word. Angry
tulips with you darling mayflower punish your cactus if you don’t please poor forget-me-nots how I long
violets to dear roses when we soon anemone meet all naughty nightstalk wife Martha’s perfume.
( )

- from Joyce’s Ulysses, page 87

GRAMMAR

What is a modal verb?

A modal verb is a type of an auxiliary verb that is used to express: likelihood, ability, possibility, permission, advice,
suggestion, future and obligation. It is different from normal verbs like “work, play, visit….” It gives additional
information about the function of the main verb that follows it. It has a great variety of communicative functions.

Here are some characteristics of modal verbs:

 They never change their form. You can’t add “s”, “ed”, “ing”
 It doesn’t have –to form or infinitve
 They are used to indicate modality
List of MODAL VERBS:

Can could may might shall should must will would

 Use of ”can, could”

 to show or infer general ability
ex. She can dance gracefully.
She could recite the entire poem without a copy.
 to make a polite or an informal request
Ex. Can you leave early tomorrow?
Could you give me a ride ?
 to give permission
ex. You can take a day off tomorrow if you can’t find a babysitter.
If necessary, you could ask for an extension.
 Use of “will, would”
 to make a polite or formal request
ex. Will you join me for lunch?
I would appreciate your assistance.
 to make an informal request
ex. Will you be quiet!
Would you please pay attention!
 to show intention or to indicate certainty
ex. He will arrive in a moment.
They would be the first students to register for the workshop.
 Use of “shall”
 to make a polite or informal request
ex. Shall I open it for you?
 Use of “should”
 To suggest or provide advice
Ex. If you expect to pass the exam, you should devote more time to studying.
 To infer responsibility or obligation
Ex. We should work together to protect the environment.
 Use of “may, might”
 to make a formal request
ex. May I speak with you in my office?
You might want to reconsider your request.
 to request permission
ex. May I leave class early today?
Might I have a word with you?
 to show possibility
ex. I may cancel my appointment today.
We might attend the next meeting.

Task 10: Choose among the choices given the appropriate modal verb each sentence.

1. __________ you like to have dinner with me tonight?

a. could b. may c. should d. would
2. You ________ let him hear about the party tomorrow. It’s a surprise!
a. mustn’t b. wouldn’t c. couldn’t d. can
3. _________ I speak to the President, please?
a. must b. may c. would d. shall
4. I can feel the heat. We _________ be near the fire.
 a. can b. would c. must d. shall
5. My son _________be home by now. Where can he be?
a. Will b. would c. could d. should

Task 11:Choose the correct auxiliary modal verb in each sentence.

1. They _______(must, may) be away for the weekends but I’m not sure. (Possibility)
2. ______ (can, may) you play the piano? (Ability)
3. It’s raining. You ________(should, could) bring an umbrella. (likelihood)
4. You’ve been working all day. You _________(should, must) be tired. (likelihood)
5. She looks pretty sick. I think she ________(can, should) go in the hospital. (Advice)

Task 12:Use your imagination

Think about these situations and create a sentence using modals.

1. We are going to Thailand this weekend. (Give suggestions about things to do.)
2. Having difficulty in studies (Giving Advice)
3. Rammy is a very talented man.. (Talk about ability)
4. Winning the lottery. (Talk about possibility)
5. You want to borrow you friends car. (Asking permission)

Final Task: PREPARING A SPEECH

Directions: Read the task below. Then plan on how you will write your speech. The rubric for grading is provided
here to remind you on how your work will be graded.

You are asked to be the representative of the Youth Commission in a World Youth Conference to speak on
their behalf on the topic, ―The Role of the Youth in Establishing Unity in a Diversified Multi-Cultural Society.‖ Your
task is to prepare your speech by scouting reliable resources from the internet and other library resources to
address the concerns. Make sure that the suggestions you will cite can be done by young people like you. Make a
list of bibliographical sources and in text citations.
Rubric for Assessing an Oral Presentation

Grading Criteria Excellent Acceptable Minimal Unacceptable

Preparation Gathers information Gathers information Gathers information Gathers information
from varied sources; from three or four from one or two from only one
makes note cards to sources; prepares sources; writes source; may not be
use as cues during notes and visual aids presentation able to complete task
presentation; creates to use during accurately because of lack of
attractive visual aids presentation preparation
to illustrate
presentation

Content Used an abundance Used adequate Used some Used information

of materials clearly information about the information not that has little
related to topic; topic; made good connected to the connection to topic
Made points clearly; points; used some topic
used varied materials variation in use of
materials

Organization Organized Presented most Presented loosely Did not use a logical
information and information in a connected ideas; order in presentation
ordered ideas logical order; Presented a choppy
logically; Presented Presented generally and difficult-to-
easy-to-follow clear and easy-to- follow organization
 argument; Stated a follow arguments
clear conclusion

Speaking skills Well-poised, Engaged during Had little or no Appeared

enthusiastic, and presentation. expression; Did not disinterested during
confident during the enunciate clearly presentation
presentation;
enunciated clearly.

http://www.scribd.com/doc/20891655/Rubric-for-Oral-Presentation