NURSI

NGANDMI
DWI
FERYREVI
EW NI
GERI
A.
NURSESL
ECT
URENOT
E
T
OPI
C:SPECI
ALSENSES
Byt
hee
ndo
fthi
suni
t,t
hes
tude
ntss
houl
dbea
blet
o;
A.Di
scus
stheAna
tomyo
fthee
ye
B.Phy
sio
logyo
fvi
si
on.
C.Disc
usst hecondi
tio
nsoftheey
etoge
the
rwi
th
the
irmedi
calandnurs
ingma
nageme
nt.

T
heHUMANEYE*

Des
cri
pti
on:
T
hee
yei
stheo
rga
noft
hes
ens
eofs
ight
.
Shape:i
tisa
lmo
sts
phe
ric
ali
nsha
pe.
*
Siz
e:i
sabo
ut2
.5c
mindi
ame
ter
.
po
sit
ion:
I
tiss
itua
tedi
ntheOr
bit
alc
avi
ty.
*
Str
uct
ure:
T
hewa
ll
soft
hee
yeha
sthr
eel
aye
rs,
name
ly:
▪*
Theo
uterf
ibr
ousl
ayer
:sc
ler
aandc
orne
a.
▪*t
hemiddl
evascul
arlay
eroruve
alt
rac
t:c
ons
ist
ing
oft
hec
horoi
d,c
il
ia
rybodyandir
is.
▪T
hei
nnerl
ayero
fner
voust
iss
uec
all
edRe
tina
.
*
NOT
E:
Struc
ture
si ns
ide t
he eye
bal
linc
lude
sthe l
ens
,
aqueousfl
uidandvi
tr
eousbo
dy.

1
.TheOut
erL
ayer
:*
T
heSc
ler
a*
-
-Thescl
era,o
rwhiteoft
hee y
e ,f
ormstheout
ermost
l
ayero
ft hepost
eri
ora
ndlat
eralaspec
tsoft
heeyeba
ll
whi
chc
ont
inue
sant
eri
orl
ytof
ormt
hec
orne
a.
-
-Itconsi
stsofafi
bro
usme mbranetha
tmai
nta
inst
he
s
ha pe oft he e
yea nd give
sa t
tac
hme
nt tothe
e
xtraocul
armuscl
esoftheeye.
*
TheCo
rnea*
Anter
iorl
y,
thi
s is a cle
art r
anspa
rent e
pit
hel
ial
me mbranethr
oughwhi
chL i
ghtray
spa ss
estorea
ch
theret
ina.
-
-*Thecor
neaisc
onve
xa nt
eri
orl
yandisinvo
lvedin
r
efr
acti
ngorbe
ndi
ngli
ghtraystoFo
custhemo nthe
r
eti
na.
2
.Themi
ddl
elay
er:
a.
Cho
roi
d*
T
hec ho
roi
dli
nest
hepo
ste
rio
rinne
rsur
fac
eoft
he
s
cle
ra.
--I
tisve
ryri
chinbl
oodve
sse
lsa
ndi
sde
epc
hoc
ola
te
bro
wnincol
our.
-
-ita
bso
rbsl
ightr
ayst
hate
nte
rthee
ye.
b.
TheCi
li
arybo
dy*
T
hec i
li
arybo dyisthea nter
iorcont
inua t
ionofthe
c
horoi
dc ons
isti
ng ofcil
iar
ymus c
lesa nd sec
ret
ory
e
pit
heli
alcel
lswhic
hs e
crete
sa que
ousfluid.
-
-Theci
li
arybodyisat
tac
hedt
othel
ensbyt
he
s
uspe
nso
ryli
gament
s.
-
-Contrac
t i
ona nd rel
axa
tio
no fthe ci
li
ary mus c
le
c
hangesthet hicknessofthelenswhic
hr e
fract
slight
r
aysente
ringt hee y
etofocusthemo ntheret
ina.
c
.TheI
ri
s*
T
hei
ri
sist
hevi
si
blec
olo
ure
dpa
rto
fthee
ye.
--
I
te xt
ends ant
eri
orl
yfrom the c
il
iar
y bo
dy,l
yi
ng
behi
ndtheco
rneaandinf
ronto
fthelens.
-
-Itdivi
desthea nt
eri
orsegmento fthee
yei nto
a
nter
iora nd po
ster
iorchambers whi
ch cont
ains
a
queousf
luids
ecre
tedbytheci
li
arybo
dy.
-
-Att
hec
ent
reo
fthei
ri
sist
hePupi
l.
3
.Thei
nnerl
ayero
fne
rvo
ust
iss
ue:(
Ret
ina)
T
her
eti
nai
sthei
nne
rmo
stl
aye
roft
hee
ye.
-
-Itha
sas
ens
iti
vel
aye
rco
nsi
sti
ngo
fse
nso
ryr
ece
pto
r
c
ell
s,r
odsandc
one
s,t
hatc
onve
rtl
ightr
aysi
ntone
rve
i
mpuls
es.
*
-
-Nearthec entr
eo ftheposter
iorpartoftheret
inais
t
hema culaluteao ryel
lo
ws pot,att hec e
ntr
eo fthe
y
ell
ows pot, the
rei sal it
tlede pressi
onc a
ll
edt he
*
foveac
e ntr
alisconsi
sti
ngofonlyc o
ne s
.
-
-Allt
hene r
vefibr
esofthere t
inaunitetofo
rmt he
o
pti
c nerve ,
and t
hisoptic nerve l
eave
st he eye
t
hro
ugha nareaofther
etinacalledthebl
indspo
to r
o
pti
cdisc
*
Bl
oods
uppl
y*
*Theci
li
aryar
ter
iesand t
hec ent
ralre
tina
lar
ter
y
whic
har
ebranc
hesoft
heophtha
lmicar
ter
y*.
*
Veno
usdr
ainage:
*
t
hec
ent
ralr
eti
nalve
in*
*
Ner
ves
uppl
y*:
*
Opt
icne
rve
*
*
Func
tio
n*
-
-*ma
inl
yfo
rvi
si
on.
*
INT
ERI
OROFT
HEEYE*
Theinteri
oroftheeyecons
istsoftheant
eriorsegment
ofthee ye,i
.e.thespa
cebe tweenthecorneaa ndthe
l
e nswhi c
hisi ncompl
etel
ydi vi
dedintoa nte
riora
nd
poster
iorchambe r
sbytheiri
s.
-
-Bothc hambersc o
ntai
nac lea
raque o
us fl
uid
s
ecr
ete
dintothepos
teri
orcha
mbe
rbyci
li
arygla
nds
.
--Thea que
ousF lui
dc i
rcul
atest
hrought heeyea nd
ente
r sthe venous ci
rcula
tio
nt hr
ough t he s
c l
era
l
venoussi
nus(canalofSchle
mm)inthea nglebetween
theiri
sandcor
nea.
-
-T he conti
nuous pr
oduct
ionand drai
nage ofthe
aqueousfl
uidma i
ntai
nstheint
raoc
ula
rpressur
ea ta
f
a i
rl
yc o
nstants
t a
tebetween1.
3and2.6kPa(10to20
mmHg) .

*
Phy
sio
logyo
fvi
sio
n*
I
norde
rt oachi
eveac l
earvi
si
on,li
ghtr
aysref
lec
ted
f
romobject
swithi
nt hevis
ualfi
el
di sf
ocus
edo nto
t
heret
inaofeachey
e.
T
hepr
oces
sesi
nvo
lvedi
npr
oduc
ingac
leari
magear
e:
▪*
Ref
rac
tio
noft
hel
ightr
ays
.
▪*
Cha
ngi
ngt
hes
izeo
fthepupi
ls
.
▪*Acc
ommo
dat
ion*(
adj
ust
mento
fthel
ensf
orne
ar
vi
si
on)
.
*
Howwes
ee*
-
-Sightbeginswhenl
ightr
aysf
roma
nobj
ecte
nte
rthe
e
y ethroughtheco
rnea.
-
-Thecor
nea’
sref
racti
vepowerbendstheli
ghtra
ysin
s
uc hawaythatt
heypa ssfr
eel
ythro
ughthepupi
l,t
he
i
ri
s ,
thel
ensandvit
reoushumor.
-
-Thel
ensaccommodat
esl
ightra
ysbyi
t'
sle
ngtheni
ng
a
nd shor
teni
ng t
of o
cuslightray
spro
perl
yo nthe
r
eti
na.
-
-Ast heli
ghtrayshitthereti
na,There
tinaca
pture
s
t
hema ndconve
rtsthemi ntol
ightimpulse
sthro
ugh
mil
li
onsofti
nynerveendings
.
-
-Theimpulsegenera
tedistransmitt
edt hr
oughthe
o
pt i
cnervetothevis
ualc
ortexintheocc
ipit
allo
beof
t
hec er
ebrum wher
etheyar
einterpr
eteda
sa nimage.
As
signme
nt
A.Readupt
hei
ntr
ins
ica
nde
xtr
ins
icmus
cle
soft
he
ey
e..
.
B.De
finegl
auc
oma
.

T
hanksf
orc
hoo
singNMRN