BHARTI VIDYAPEETH INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

NAVI MUMBAI

Micro-project of – AEN(22656)

SUBJECT- AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING (22656)

SUBMITTED BY –

1. Parth Patil (3629)

2. Anirudha Kaple (3630)
3. Arvind Yadav (3631)
4. Pratik Dhana wade (3632)

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF –

 MR. PRASHANT WANKHEDE

TEACHER SIGNATURE HEAD OF DEPARTMENT

 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that, (Parth Patil (3629), Anirudhha Kaple (3630), Arvind Yadav (3631), Pratik
Dhana wade (3632)) of SIXTH semester of Diploma in Mechanical Engineering of Bharati
Vidyapeeth Institute of Technology Navi Mumbai (inst. Code: 0027) has satisfactorily completed
the term work in the (AEN(22656) Micro – Project for the academic year 2023 to 2024 as
prescribed in the MSBTE curriculum.

Place: Kharghar

Enrollment no:

1. 2200270573
2. 2200270588
3. 2200270566
4. 2200270592

Date: -

SUBJECT TEACHER HEAD OF DEPARTMENT

 Annexure- I

Micro- Project Proposal

 Title of Micro-Project: BRAKING SYSTEM IN AUTOMOBILE

1.0 Aims/ Benefits of the Micro – Project:

Aims of Braking System in Automobiles:

Vehicle Safety:
 The primary aim of a braking system in automobiles is to enhance vehicle
safety. Brakes provide a means to slow down or bring the vehicle to a stop,
preventing accidents and collisions.
Controlled Deceleration:
 Brakes allow for controlled deceleration, enabling drivers to adjust their speed
as needed. This is crucial for navigating curves, intersections, and other road
conditions.
Emergency Stops:
 Braking systems are designed to facilitate emergency stops when sudden
deceleration is required, such as in response to unexpected obstacles or
hazardous situations.
Maintaining Stability:
 Brakes contribute to maintaining vehicle stability during braking. Anti-lock
Braking System (ABS) and Electronic Stability Control (ESC) technologies help
prevent skidding and loss of control.
Parking:
 Brakes are essential for parking. Parking brakes (handbrakes) hold the vehicle
stationary, preventing unintended movement when parked on inclines or flat
surfaces.
 2.0 Course Outcomes Addressed

 Select suitable braking and steering systems for different applications

3.0 Proposed Methodology (Procedure in brief that will be followed to do the micro-project)

It seems there may be a typo in your question ("brakinf" instead of "braking"). Assuming you are
referring to the methodology of a braking system in an utomobile, here's a proposed methodology for
designing and implementing a braking system:

1. System Requirements Analysis:

 Identify and analyze the specific requirements of the braking system,
considering factors such as vehicle weight, speed, intended use, and
safety regulations.
2. Brake Type Selection:
 Choose the appropriate type of braking system based on the vehicle's
characteristics and application. Common types include disc brakes,
drum brakes, and regenerative braking systems (for hybrid and electric
vehicles).
3. Hydraulic System Design:
 Design the hydraulic system responsible for transmitting force from the
brake pedal to the brake components. This includes selecting master
cylinders, brake lines, and hydraulic fluids.
4. Brake Component Selection:
 Select and design individual components, such as brake pads, brake
discs (rotors), brake drums, and calipers. Consider material properties,
thermal characteristics, and durability.
5. Anti-lock Braking System (ABS):
 If applicable, design and integrate an Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) to
prevent wheel lockup during hard braking. This involves incorporating
sensors, control units, and modulators into the braking system.
 4.0 Action Plan (Sequence and time required for major activity)

Planned start Planned finish Name of responsible

Sr.No. Details of activity
date date team members
1. Discuss the project 01/01/2024 05/01/2024 Parth , anirudhha
2. Collected informationfrom 06/01/2024 07/01/2024 Parth , Pratik
textbook
3. Collected informationfrom 8/01/2024 9/01/2024 Anirudhha , Pratik
internet
4. Arrange all information inword 10/01/2024 11/01/2024 Arvind, parth

5.

5.0 Resources Required (major resources such as raw material, some machining facility, software
etc.)

Name of resource /material

Sr.No. Specification Quantity Remarks
1. computer Window 11 1
2. Internet YouTube
3. textbook AEN (22656) 1

Names of Team Members with Roll Nos.

1. Parth Patil (3629)
2. Anirudha Kaple (3630)
3. Arvind Yadav (3631)
4. Pratik Dhana wade (3632)

(To be approved by the concerned teacher)

 Annexure –II
Micro-Project Report

Title Of Micro-Project: BRAKING SYSTEM IN AUTOMOBILE

1.0 Rationale (Importance of the project, in about 100 to 200 words)

The braking system in a vehicle is of paramount importance due to its crucial role in ensuring safety, control, and
overall operational functionality. Here are key aspects highlighting the importance of a braking system:
1. Safety Enhancement:
 The primary purpose of a braking system is to enhance safety by allowing the driver to
slow down or bring the vehicle to a complete stop when needed. Effective brakes
prevent collisions, accidents, and contribute to overall road safety.
2. Collision Avoidance:
 Properly functioning brakes enable drivers to avoid collisions by providing the means to
decelerate or stop in response to unexpected obstacles, traffic situations, or
emergencies.
3. Controlled Deceleration:
 Braking systems allow for controlled deceleration, facilitating smooth transitions
between different driving conditions, such as stopping at traffic signals, slowing down for
curves, or adjusting speed in congested areas.
4. Emergency Situations:
 In emergency situations, such as sudden obstacles or the need for rapid deceleration, a
reliable braking system is crucial for preventing accidents and minimizing the severity of
potential impacts.
5. Stability and Handling:
 Brakes play a key role in maintaining stability and handling during braking. Systems like
Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) prevent wheel lockup, reducing the risk of skidding and
loss of control.
6. Parking Safety:
 Braking systems include features like parking brakes that ensure a vehicle remains
stationary when parked. This prevents unintended movement and enhances safety in
parking situations.
7. Energy Dissipation:
 Braking systems dissipate kinetic energy as heat during the braking process, preventing
the vehicle from moving uncontrollably. This energy conversion is crucial for safe and
controlled deceleration.
8.
 2.0 Aims/Benefits of Micro Project

The braking system in an automobile provides several critical benefits that contribute to the overall safety, control,
and functionality of the vehicle. Here are the key benefits of a braking system:
1. Safety Enhancement:
 The primary benefit of a braking system is the enhancement of safety. It allows the driver to slow
down or bring the vehicle to a stop, preventing accidents and collisions.
2. Collision Avoidance:
 Effective braking systems provide drivers with the ability to avoid collisions by slowing down or
stopping in response to unexpected obstacles, traffic conditions, or emergency situations.
3. Controlled Deceleration:
 Braking systems enable controlled deceleration, allowing drivers to adjust their speed smoothly.
This is essential for navigating curves, intersections, and various road conditions.
4. Emergency Stops:
 Braking systems are designed to facilitate emergency stops when sudden and rapid deceleration is
required, helping to avert potential accidents.
5. Stability and Handling:
 The braking system plays a crucial role in maintaining stability and handling during braking. Features
like Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) prevent wheel lockup, reducing the risk of skidding and loss of
control

3.0 Course Outcomes Achieved (Add to the earlier list if more COs are addressed)

 Select suitable braking and steering systems for different applications

4.0 Literature Review

A literature review on braking systems covers a range of topics, including the evolution of braking technology,
various types of braking systems, advancements in materials and design, and the impact of braking systems on
vehicle safety and performance. While I cannot provide specific references, I can outline the key themes and
areas typically covered in literature related to braking systems:

Historical Evolution:
 Early braking systems, such as mechanical and cable-operated brakes, and their
evolution over time.
 The transition from drum brakes to disc brakes and the impact on braking efficiency.
Types of Braking Systems:
 Comparative analysis of different types of braking systems, including hydraulic brakes,
mechanical brakes, regenerative braking (in hybrid and electric vehicles), and electro-
hydraulic brakes.
 Overview of anti-lock braking systems (ABS) and electronic stability control (ESC)
technologies.
Materials and Design:
 Exploration of materials used in brake components, such as brake pads, brake discs, and
calipers.
 Advancements in brake system design, including the use of composite materials,
ceramic brakes, and lightweight components.

5.0 Actual Methodology Followed.

(Write step wise the work was done, data collected and its analysis (if any). The contribution of
individual members may also be noted.)

The methodology for designing and implementing a braking system in an automobile involves a
systematic process to ensure safety, reliability, and performance. Here is a general overview of the
methodology:
1. Define Requirements:
 Identify and define the specific requirements for the braking system based

on the characteristics of the vehicle, including weight, intended use, and

regulatory standards.
2. Select Braking System Type:
 Choose the appropriate type of braking system based on the vehicle's

characteristics. Common types include disc brakes, drum brakes,

regenerative braking systems (for hybrid and electric vehicles), and anti-
lock braking systems (ABS).
3. Hydraulic System Design:
 Design the hydraulic system responsible for transmitting force from the

brake pedal to the brake components. Select master cylinders, brake lines,
and hydraulic fluids.
 6.0 Actual Resources Used (Mention the actual resources used).

S. Name of Specifications Qty Remarks

No. Resource/material
WINDOW 10 1
1
COMPUTER
YOUTUBE
2
INTERNET
AEN (22656) 1
3
TEXTBOOK
2018 1
4
MS OFFICE

7.0 Outputs of the Micro-Projects (Drawings of the prototype, drawings of

survey,presentation of collected data, findings etc.

The primary output of a braking system in an automobile is the ability to slow down or bring the vehicle to a
complete stop safely and efficiently. Here are the key aspects of the output of a braking system:
1. Deceleration:
 The braking system provides the capability to decelerate the vehicle, reducing its speed in a
controlled manner.
2. Stopping the Vehicle:
 The ultimate output is the ability to bring the vehicle to a complete stop when the brakes are
applied.
3. Controlled Braking:
 The braking system allows for controlled and proportional application of braking force, enabling the
driver to adjust the speed according to the driving conditions.
4. Preventing Wheel Lockup:
 Advanced braking systems, such as Anti-lock Braking System (ABS), prevent wheel lockup during
hard braking, maintaining steering control and stability.
 8.0 Skill Developed / Learning out of this Micro-Project

Developing skills related to braking systems involves a combination of theoretical knowledge and practical
experience. Here are the key skills that can be developed in the context of braking systems:

1. Understanding of Brake System Principles:

 Gain a solid understanding of the fundamental principles behind braking systems, including the
physics of friction, heat dissipation, and the mechanics of braking components.
2. System Design and Analysis:
 Develop skills in designing and analyzing braking systems, considering factors such as vehicle weight,
speed, braking force distribution, and thermal management.
3. Hydraulic System Knowledge:
 Acquire knowledge of hydraulic systems, including the principles of fluid dynamics and the
functioning of master cylinders, brake lines, and hydraulic actuators.

9.0 Applications of this Micro-Project

Braking systems have a plethora of applications, but here are some of the most important ones:

Primary use:

 Slowing down and stopping vehicles: This is the core function of a braking system, ensuring safe
control of movement and preventing collisions. It applies in automobiles, bicycles, trains, planes, and
any other vehicle with wheels.

Safety features:

 Emergency braking: Braking systems allow rapid deceleration in dangerous situations, giving drivers a
chance to avoid accidents.
 Maintaining stability and control: They help maintain traction and prevent skidding during
cornering, especially on slippery surfaces.
 Parking: Parking brakes hold the vehicle stationary when parked, preventing it from rolling.

(To be approved by the concerned teacher)

**************