SECTION ‘B’

DEMOLITION, EXCAVATION AND EARTH WORKS

B.1 Demolition
B.1.1 Schedule and Method
The Contractor shall carry out all demolition work in accordance with
the recommendations of BS 6187, “Code of Practice for Demolition”.

The Contractor shall submit, in writing, to the Engineer full details of

plant/ equipments, and methods/sequence of work and proposals for
protection/safety prior to the commencement of the work. Work shall
not commence until such approval has been obtained from the
Engineer.

The foregoing provisions shall not prevent the Engineer from requiring
the Contractor to vary his plant or methods at any time during the
execution of the works should the Engineer consider it essential so as
to ensure compliance with the Documents and Specification.

The Contractor shall not vary his plant or method of working, without
obtaining the Engineer’s written approval of such variation.

The Contractor shall provide all requisite shoring, needling, strutting

or other temporary supports which are necessary for the protection and
safety of the existing structure.

The Contractor shall be held responsible for the safety of the existing
structure and the sufficiency of all the temporary works.

The Contractor shall provide all necessary protection for the existing
works against the effects of inclement weather and make good any
damage caused to existing works which are not be demolished.

The Contractor shall protect all existing fittings and surfaces, which are
not to be demolished and any damage so caused shall be made good to
the Engineer’s approval at the Contractor’s expense.

Damages in the existing features/finished during the demolitions to be

reinstated in initial position by contractor at their own cost.

B.1.2 Materials Arising from Demolition

Materials arising from demolition works are deemed to become the
property of the Contractor, and shall be cleared away unless otherwise
specified.

Materials specified to be handed over to the Employer shall be carefully

removed and delivered at Ministry of Interior store at Ghala, by the
Contractor.

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 B.1.3 Disposal
All materials arising from demolition shall be disposed off as directed
by the Engineer. Materials taken off the worksite shall be disposed off
in accordance with the requirements of the Local Municipality and
with the Engineer’s approval.

The Contractor shall take all necessary precautions and care to avoid
interference with and obstruction or damage, in particular through
pollution, to be environment. The Contractor shall repair at his own
expense any damage to the environment resulting from demolition or
disposal of materials.

Burning of combustible material on the worksite shall only be carried

out with the Engineer’s approval. Timber infested with termites, lice,
dry rot and the like shall not be removed from the worksite and shall be
burnt in a location and time approved by the Engineer.

The Contractor should stock pile different materials resulting from

demolition works in separate piles prior to removal from the worksite.

B.1.4 Permits
Before commencing demolition work the Contractor shall obtain a
work permit from the Municipal Authorities. The Contractor shall
ensure that this permit states that all services have been disconnected.
Instructions on the permit shall be adhered to.

The Contractor shall keep the permit securely on the worksite for
inspection by the Authorities.

B.1.5 Signs and Barriers

Where work is required on, or adjacent to an area accessible by
personnel the Contractor shall erect barriers and signs, approved by
the Engineer, warning of the danger that demolition work is being
carried out.

B.1.6 Debris, Dust and Noise

The Contractor shall ensure that debris, dust and noise resulting from
the work is kept to a minimum. The Contractor shall ensure that all
debris is removed to a temporary stockpile, on the worksite, if it is not
immediately to be carted away from worksite.

B.1.7 Existing Services

The Contractor shall maintain and protect existing live services in the
vicinity of the demolition works. Any damage, caused by the Contract
shall be made good to the Engineer’s approval at the Contractor
expense. The Contractor shall ensure that any water courses are not
obstructed whilst executing the works.

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 B.1.8 Explosives
Explosive and blasting will not be allowed under any circumstances.

B.2 Excavation
B.2.1 Nature of the Ground
The Contractor shall judge for himself the nature of the ground and
shall be fully responsible for ascertaining all necessary information
concerning permanent water table, period of rainfall, flooding of the
site and all matters affecting the excavation and foundation work.

B.2.2 Site Preparation

(a) Before commencing excavation work the Contractor shall carry out
and record a complete survey of the site in its present condition,
including any existing utilities and structures. He shall first contact
the Concerned Authorities and obtain the true and accurate setting
out of the boundary lines and the datum level. He shall then
determine the reference base lines and axes of the work and the
relevant project.

(b) The survey shall be conducted with appropriate instrument and a

spot level plan indicating sit levels at 5 meter grid in both directions
shall be submitted for approval. The same shall become for all
practical purpose related to this contract the official recorded
survey for the measurement of the earthworks.

(c) The Contractor shall then set out the work and outline the location
of any existing structure or utility, concealed or exposed, with
reference to the axes of the project. The Engineer will then proceed
to approve or modify the setting out or order the Contractor to
reroute any utility which he deems necessary after obtaining special
permit from the local authorities.

(d) Notwithstanding the Engineer's checking and approval of the site

setting-out, the Contractor remains responsible for the true and
accurate setting out of the work as well as for preserving all base
lines, benchmarks, axes and pegs throughout the duration of the
contract.

B.2.3 Protection of Services, Structures

The Contractor shall in no way interfere with permanent services
without receiving the written permission from the Engineer. The
Contractor shall record the levels of structures of adjacent properties,
take particular note of any cracks and deformation and provide all
information to the Engineer before continuing excavation

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 B.2.4 Method of Excavation
Excavation may be carried out by machine or any other method
approved by the Engineer. In soil, excavations shall be taken to within
200 mm of the formation or foundation level and all subsequent
excavation in any section must be carried out by hand not more than
24 hours before the commencement of construction in that section is
approved by the Engineer.

B.2.5 Shoring Excavations

The Contractor shall, to the satisfaction of the Engineer, shore the sides
of excavations for structures, trenches and pits to prevent them from
slipping or falling. Should any slips, falls or settlement nevertheless
occur they shall be made good by the Contractor at his own expense
with selected fill or with mass concrete as may be directed by the
Engineer.

B.2.6 Draining of Excavation

All excavations shall be kept free of water at all times and the
Contractor shall provide efficient appliances and drains for dealing
with water to the satisfaction of the Engineer. If water table is
encountered during excavation, the Contractor shall carryout
dewatering at his own expenses and to the approval of the Engineer.
No extra cost for whatsoever reasons will be paid in this regard.

Particular care shall be taken to keep dry, rock and other surfaces
against or upon which concrete may be deposited, and proper
precautions shall be taken to prevent the leaching out of cement or
otherwise damaging unset concrete.

B.2.7 Excavation in Rock and Boulder Rock

The Contractor shall notify the Engineer on each occasion he considers
that he is entitled to payment for excavation in rock and boulder rock
and shall not backfill any excavation concerned until it has been
inspected by the Engineer. No payment for excavation in rock or
boulder rock shall be made unless the Engineer has inspected the
excavation and certified in writing the quantity involved.

Rock in this context is any material met which is, in the opinion of the
Engineer, of such size or position that it can only be removed by means
of wedges, compressed air or other special plant, or explosives, or if
met in open excavation could not be loosened by bulldozing or ripping.
Boulder rock in this context is any material met with is, in the opinion
of the Engineer, or such size, position or composition that it can only
be removed by means of special equipment but which does not need
breaking up prior to removal.

B.2.8 Explosives and Blasting

Explosive and blasting will not be allowed under any circumstances.

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B.3 Filling
B.3.1 Material for Filling
Material for backfilling shall be selected, graded, hard granular fill free
from clay and deleterious matter and of size not exceeding 75mm, upto
50% passing a 5mm mesh sieve and not more than 20% passing 75
micron sieve. It shall contain less than 0.2% total sulphates and total
soluble salts shall not exceed 2%. The liquid limit shall not exceed 35%
and plasticity index shall not exceed 6%. The uniformity coefficient
shall be atleast 10 and the 10% fines value atleast 100KN. Generally,
material from swamps/marshes, material susceptible to combustion,
stumps/logs and perishable materials, running silt, highly inorganic
clay or silt and slurry or mud and uniformly graded fine sand are
considered as unsuitable for backfilling. Backfilling material shall be
free of vegetable matter and roots. Organic matter content shall be less
than 6% and clay/silty material less than 5%. Quantity of Gypsum shall
be insignificant. Isolated boulders shall not exceed 0.015cum. in size.

The backfilling material or imported fill shall have a uniform moisture

content which should fall within 2% of the optimum moisture content
of the approved backfilling material. Where necessary, the Contractor
shall adjust the moisture content by either drying out or by adding
water. Alter such adjustment and prior backfilling the material shall be
thoroughly mixed until the moisture content is uniform. The basic
workmanship shall comply with BS 8000 - Part 1.

B.3.2 Non-Structural Backfill

The Contractor shall fill around wall, columns, etc., to the levels shown
on the Drawings or to levels as directed by the Engineer, with selected
excavated materials, spread in 200 mm. layers including adding water
if required, compacting, testing and proving to the proposed bearing
load and to the satisfaction of the Engineer. Generally a density of 98%
of the maximum dry density determined as per tests 13 and 15 of BS
1377 shall be attained. No filling in shall be executed until the
construction has been inspected and approved by the Engineer. In case
excavated material is not sufficient to backfill or shall prove unsuitable,
filling material shall be imported to the site from a source approved by
the Engineer.

B.3.3 Structural Backfill/Hardcore

Filling under-ground slab, paving, etc. shall be with material consisting
of naturally occurring gravel/stones or other approved inert, non-
plastic material. The maximum particle size shall not exceed 70 mm
and the material shall be well graded. The filling shall be thoroughly
compacted by wetting the material to the optimum moisture content,
to the satisfaction of the Engineer. Unless otherwise indicated, a
density of 98% of the maximum dry density determined as per tests 13
and 15 of BS 1377 shall be attained. The top surface shall be clean, free
from cracks or loose material and shall be finished level or to slopes as
specified/directed.

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 B.3.4 Compaction
The equipment employed for compaction such as vibratory compactors
or power rammers or smooth wheeled/pneumatic tyred rollers shall be
of a type with compacting effort as approved by the Engineer and shall
be capable of achieving the specified Degrees of compaction.
Minimum 5 ton roller shall be used.

The moisture content of backfill material shall be adjusted prior to

compaction by watering using approved means, or by drying out, as
required, so that the layer can be compacted to the density specified
elsewhere. The compaction shall be done progressively from one side
with each succeeding pass uniformly overlapping the previous pass in
layers not exceeding 200 mm thick. The compaction shall continue
until each layer is compacted to the Degree specified and tested. While
compaction progresses, the surface shall be properly shaped/graded to
produce a uniform smooth surface conforming to the required
lines/levels/grades etc.

Once the excavation for footings is completed as per approved method

the surfaces shall be levelled and well compacted. The tests will be
carried out to the approval of the Engineer. Contractor shall dig out
and fill with concrete approved by the Engineer any defective or soft
spots which do not pass the minimum specified soil bearing strength.
All the excavated areas shall be cleared of any water, drift sand, rubbish
or the like and obtain the approval of the Engineer before pouring any
concrete or laying any base course.

B.3.5 Gravel Filling

The Contractor shall spread gravel to required thickness as indicated in
the drawings over site. The material shall be 10-20 mm graded
aggregates or to the required sizes as per drawing and approved by the
Engineer. The Contractor to lay the material to the true line and levels
or to the required slopes as directed by the Engineer.

B.3.6 Backfilling Trenches

Generally:
a) Excavations shall be backfilled without unnecessary delay, but not
until pipes and construction details have been inspected, tested and
approved by the Engineer. All necessary precautions shall be taken
during backfilling to ensure that pipes and construction details are
not damaged. The Contractor shall provide necessary testing
equipment for control of compaction.

b) Backfill material which, in the opinion of the Engineer, is

unsuitable shall not be used. From the bottom of the trench to at
least 300 mm. above the crown of the pipe and backfill material
shall be such that it will not cause damage to the surface of the
pipes.

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 The Contractor may backfill with the excavated material provide
that such material meets with the approval of the Engineer. If there
is a deficiency of backfill material due to rejection of the excavated
material for use as backfill as e.g. when excavating in rock, the
Contractor shall furnish the required amount of approved material
at his own cost.

All trenches shall be backfilled by hand from the bottom of the

trench to a level of 600 mm. watered to optimum moisture and well
compacted by tamping. Compaction beside the pipe shall be with
hand-tampers 3”  2” bottom size and to a dry density not less than
90% of the dry density according to heavy compaction test (BS
1377). From the top of the pipe and 600 mm. up ordinary hand-
tampers may be used. Backfilling material shall be deposited in the
trench for its full width on each side of the pipe, fittings and
appurtenances simultaneously.

c) In case the excavated material is in the opinion of the Engineer

unsuitable for backfilling over the pipes, borrow material shall be
used instead. The grading of borrow material shall fall within the
following limits:

Sieve Size % by Weight Passing

20.0 mm 100
5.0 mm 25 - 100
1.25 mm 10 - 75
0.315 mm 5 - 30
0.160 mm 3 - 10
0.80 mm 0-5

Borrow material shall be free from organic and deleterious material

and shall not contain more than 10% by weight of clay or silt.

e. From 600 mm above the pipe to the finished ground level shown on
the drawings or specified elsewhere, the trench shall be backfilled
and consolidated by approved mechanical methods in layers with a
thickness not exceeding 200 mm for the first layer and not
exceeding 300 mm for the following, each layer to be compacted
separately. In roads the dry density of the compacted soil shall not
be less than 95% of the dry density found after laboratory test of the
soil, applying the heavy compaction test in accordance with BS
1377. If necessary to obtain the required density, and with
permission or instruction of the Engineer, the trench shall be
watered during backfilling and compaction operations. For this
purpose a safe amount of water shall be available at the trench
when backfilling.

f. All service trenches shall have a soft sand surround 150 mm all
round.

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 B.3.7 Unsuitable Material
When the specified levels or limits of excavation are reached, the
Engineer will inspect the ground exposed and if he considers that any
part of the ground is by its nature unsuitable he may direct the
Contractor to excavate further and refill to the specified levels or limits
with mass material. Such further excavation shall be held to be extra
excavation and shall be measured as such.
Should the material forming the bottom of any excavation, while
acceptable to the Engineer at the time of his inspection, subsequently
become unacceptable to him due to exposure to weather conditions or
due to flooding or have become puddled, soft or loose during the
progress of the works, the Contractor shall remove such damaged,
softened or loosened material and excavate further by hand. Such
excavation shall be held to be excess excavation and carried out at the
Contractor's own expense.
B.3.8 Disposal of Surplus Excavated Material
Surplus excavated material shall not be removed from the site unless
directed so by the Engineer. When rejected material is to be removed
from site, this shall be carted away and deposited only at locations
permitted by the Municipal authorities.

B.4 Surface Treatments

B.4.1 Anti-Termite Treatment
The treatment shall be carried out by an approved specialized Sub-
Contractor. The chemicals used shall have a certificate of approval
issued by Directorate General of Environmental Affairs, Department of
Chemical Substances, Sultanate of Oman. The new generation water
based Non repellant termiticide which should kill termite by contact
mode. The trmiticide shall be practically non detectable by termite
which will allow them to enter treated zones unknowingly and get
contaminated with product. The infected termite will not die
immediately and will affect other termites during their social
interaction. The contaminated termites will act as carrier and will die
after few days. Even a minor contamination can kill the affected
termites. The termiticide shall have the following physical and
chemical properties.
 Active Ingredients - IMIDACHLOPRID 20%TC - 1-{(6-chloro-3-
pyridinyl)methyl}-N-nitro imidazolidinimine
 Imidachloprid - 20% w/v
 Other additives - 80% v/v
 Appearance - Light Amber clear liquid
(suspension concentrate)
 Odour - Slight characteristic odour
 Vapour pressure - 2  109 mbar at 20°C
 Density - 1.1 to 1.12 g/L at 20°C
 pH value - 4.0 – 7.0

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 Application
For termite control soil application, the emulsion must be adequately
dispersed over or in the soil to provide a barrier between the structure
and the termite colonies in the soil. As a good practice, all non-
essential wood and cellulose containing materials, including scrap,
wood and form boards, should be removed from around foundation
walls, crawl spaces and porches. Soil around untreated structural
wood in contact with soil should be treated as described.
Contamination of public and private water supplies must be avoided by
following these precautions
1. Use anti-backflow equipment or procedures to prevent siphonage of
pesticides into water supplies.
2. Do not treat soil beneath structures that contain falaj or wells.
3. Do not treat soil that is water saturated. Always consult state and
local regulations for recommended distances of well/falaj.
To prepare a recommended dosage of 0.075% emulsion, mix 1 litre of
concentrate to 260 litres of water. Mixing should only be done by
professionally trained pest control operators. Hand gloves should be
worn while handling chemical concentrates. It is important that
chemical emulsion reaches the soil substrate and that even coverage is
obtained. Application to be made by low pressure spray (less than 50
p.s.i) using a coarse spray nozzle. Effective pre-construction
subterranean termite control is achieved by the establishment of
vertical and/or horizontal chemical barriers.

B.4.2 Treatment to soil under slabs at Plinth level and Ground

Floor
After earth filling and the dry rubble or hardcore packing, the entire
surface of the filled earth will be treated at the rate specified by the
manufacturer, usually 6 litres/m2. If the fill is gravel the treatment rate
should be increased to a minimum of 7.5 litres/m 2. In case of load
bearing walls, treatment will be carried out to the cavities of block walls
at damp proof course level. To create heavy barrier on certain areas
which are more vulnerable to attack by termites, like pillar bases, wall
foundations, water lines and utility bases, apply at the rate of 5
litres/m.
The concreting will have to be carried out within 24 hours of the
treatment. Incase the concreting is delayed then the entire area will
have to be treated at no extra cost.
B.4.3 Treatment to Junction of Walls and Floors
Rodding to be carried out along the junction of Plinth beams and earth
filling at 150 mm intervals and to be treated at the rate of two litres per
linear metre so as to mix intimately with the soil.
B.4.4 Treatment to Soil along the External Wall Perimeter
After levelling and before flagging or plinth protection is laid, soil along
the external wall perimeter of the building shall be treated at the rate of
5 litres emulsion per linear metre of plinth walls.

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 B.4.5 Treatment of Critical Areas
Soil should be treated around the drainage & plumbing lines, utility
entry points and other critical areas by flooding the area at the rate of 5
litres to 10 litres per entry point. A vertical chemical barrier of a
minimum width of 300 mm has to be created by treating the back filled
soil against walls along the expansion joints to the entire depth at the
rate of 2.5 litres per 500 mm depth by trenching and/or rodding.

In pre-construction situations in which horizontal barrier application is

not made to soil prior to pouring the footing, treatment may be made
through masonry voids to establish a continuous chemical barrier at
the top of the footing at the rate of 2 litres per linear metre. In the case
of single pour monolithic slab, which does not have a separate
foundation or footing, an overall horizontal barrier should be created
before the concrete grade beam and floor are poured using a rate of 6
litres/m2.

B.4.6 Guarantee for 10 years

The specialist agency shall provide a guarantee* that the buildings shall
be free from termite infestation for a period of 10 years from the date of
handing over of the Building. The guarantee must include the name of
chemical used for the purpose and to be countersigned by the
Contractor.

B.4.7 Precautions
Precautions shall be taken not to disturb the treated areas by re-
levelling, digging or earth filling, as this will break the chemical barrier.
In case such situation arises, the area is to be treated again to restore
the chemical barrier.

*Particular Note on Guarantee

The main Contractor and the applicator both will be jointly responsible
for the guarantee. In case of termite attack within the guarantee period,
both shall be responsible for repairs including replacement of material,
finishes and accessories damaged due to termite attack at their own cost.
The conditional guarantee will not be acceptable. If on investigation, it is
established that the termite attack is due to failure/inadequacy of
treatment then the entire cost of rectification works shall be borne by the
main contractor & applicator. Such repairs will have to be attended
within 7 days of reporting. In case of failure to comply with the above, the
Client will reserve their right to recover the cost of such repairs/
replacements from any money due to the Contractor for any other
project. In case of default of the main contractor/applicator the matter
will be reported to concerned Ministries for necessary action.

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