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Home » Comparisons » Difference between Single Phase and Three Phase Induction Motor

Difference between Single Phase and Three Phase

Induction Motor

The main difference between single phase induction motor and three phase induction motor is that
single phase motors are NOT self-starting so they require some starting mechanism while three-
phase motors are self-starting. Furthermore, single phase motor requires ONLY single phase supply
so they produce an alternating magnetic field whereas three phase motor requires three phase supply
so they produce rotating magnetic field.

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Single phase IM is mainly utilized in household applications like in fans, refrigerator, grinder, and Air
Conditioner. Three phase IM is primarily used in various industries, factories such as paper mills and
for traction purposes.

The differences between single phase and three phase induction motor are explained on the basis of
very important practical factors such as power source, starting mechanism, starting torque, cost,
operational reliability, power factor, size, maintenance, structure, and uses.The following table
presents the key differences between single-phase induction motor and three phase induction motor.
Capable to modify the winding
machine in order to meet any LEARN MORE
challenging coil winding works
 Difference between Single Phase and Three Phase Induction Motor

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Single Phase induction

Characteristics Three Phase Induction Motor
Motor

Power Source Single Phase (1-phase) Generally requires more than a single phase power source (like 3-
Only phase supply).

Starting They are NOT self- They are self-starting.

Mechanism starting.

Efficiency Low as only one winding High because three winding are available to carry the current
has to carry all the
current

Types Shaded pole Squirrel cage type

Split Phase Slip ring type or wound induction motor
Capacitor Start Inductor
Run
Capacitor Start
Capacitor Run

Cost Cheaper Quite Expensive

Slip (s) There are two slips: It has only forward slip
Forward slip (s)
Backward slip (2-s)

Size (for same Larger in size Smaller in size

power rating)

Power Factor Low High

Repair & Easier to repair Difficult to repair and maintain

Maintenance

Structure Simple and easy to More complicated to construct because of extra components
manufacture involvement

Starting Low High

Torque
 Single Phase induction
Characteristics Three Phase Induction Motor
Motor

Operational More Reliable Less Reliable

Reliability

Motor Rotation There is no mechanism Can be changed easily by changing the phase sequence in stator.
to change the rotation.

Uses Frequently used for Extensively employed in industrial and commercial drives since
lighter loads. such as: they are more rugged and economical in terms of operational
Blowers efficiency.
Vacuum cleaner fans
Centrifugal pump
Washing machine
Grinder
Compressor

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