THREE - PHASE

MOTOR
 PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION OF A
THREE-PHASE MOTOR

When three-phase voltages are applied to three phase stator coils. A

revolving magnetic field is produce. The speed of this revolving magnetic
field is synchronized with the line frequency and is called synchronous
speed. The revolving field induces voltage to the rotor winding to produce
starting torque.
Three phase motor stator are wound in a coil group. The minimum
number of coil group is three, producing one pair of magnetic poles per
phase.
CUT AWAY VIEW OF THREE PHASE MOTOR
INDUSTRIAL THREE – PHASE
MOTOR
 STATOR WINDING AND WIRING
CONNECTION OF THREE-PHASE MOTOR
T1
120 Electrical
WINDING DIAGRAM OF Degrees
AC INDUCTION MOTOR

T2
Star
Point One pole

Coil
36 slots/ 36 coils/ 3 Group

coils per pole per

phase Series
Y-Connection
T3
STATOR CORE CONSTRUCTION OF A
THREE-PHASE MOTOR
STATOR WINDING CONNECTION OF A THREE PHASE
INDUCTION MOTOR
LAP WINDING CONCENTRIC WINDING
 TYPES OF THREE-PHASE INDUCTION MOTORS

1. Squirrel - cage type – rotor winding is practically self-contained and its not connected
either mechanically or electrically with the outside power supply or control circuit. It consist
of a number of straight bar uniformly distributed around the peripheral of the rotor and
skewed and short circuited at the both ends by end ring to which they are integrally joined.

Speed Characteristic: nearly constant speed

Torque Characteristic: starting torque depends on the
resistance of the rotor winding.
Application: constant speed service as in fans, blower,
compressor, pumps etc.
 Squirrel Cage Rotor Induction Motor

Non-drive end Laminated steel core Drive side

with aluminium bar
 TYPES OF THREE-PHASE INDUCTION MOTORS

2. Wound Rotor type – wound rotor winding instead of

squirrel-cage rotor, the terminals of which are connected to
three slip-ring, brushes rides these slips deliver the current to
an external three-phase rheostat or variable resistor to vary
the characteristics of the motor. At start, all the resistances
are in the circuit, as the motor picks-up speed. The resistance
are gradually decrease until finally slip rings are short
circuited.
Speed Characteristic: Variable speed
Torque Characteristic: By inserting variable resistances in
the rotor winding through slip ring a variety of
toque develop (high or low) are obtainable
Application: Where high starting toque with low starting
current or where the limited speed control is
required, as in plunger pumps, compressor, hoist
and over head crane
 Wound Rotor Induction Motor

Laminated Rotor core

Fan side Shafting

Slip ring Wound copper wire Drive side

 TYPES OF THREE-PHASE INDUCTION MOTORS

3. Synchronous motor are not used because of their constant-speed characteristic, they are preferred because
they posses the following advantages:

1. They can be made to operate at leading power factor and thereby improve the
power factor of an industrial plant from one lagging to close to unity.

2. They are less costly in certain horse power and speed ranges (50 –500 Hp rating at
operating speed less than 500 rpm and for horse power rating greater than 500 but
operating at speeds that are more than 450 rpm).

3. They can be constructed with wider air gaps than induction motor which make them
better mechanically.

4. They usually operate at higher efficiency, especially in low speed unity

power factor ranges.

5. The Synchronous Condenser when this motor operated without an external mechanical
load, it still takes power for its own rotational losses (example friction, windage and iron
losses)
SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR