Local Theories and Models of Nursing Intervention (Philippine Setting)

1. Locsin’s Technological Nursing as a Caring Model

2. Agravante’s CASAGRA Transformative Leadership Model https://youtu.be/903urCQDaj0 (8.29minutes)
3. Divinagracia’s COMPOSURE Model https://youtu.be/uA_GWoIHdPw (3.01minutes)
4. Kuan’s Retirement and Role Discontinuity Model https://youtu.be/eHn0OF6io7M (2.36minutes)
5. Abaquin’s “ PREPARE ME ” Holistic Nursing Interventions https://youtu.be/Xg8Zq-zUgTc (14.03minutes)
6. Laurente’s Theory of Nursing Practice and Career
7. Synchronicity in Human-Space-Time: A Theory of Nursing Engagement in a Global Community

Prepared by:

Maria Haydi P. Medina, MAN, RN

Clinical Instructor

Learner’s Task # 1 (Final Period)

Course Guide:

1. Research and comprehend the “Synchronicity in Human-Space-Time: A Theory of Nursing Engagement in a Global
Community”
2. Design the content based on your comprehension using 8.5 x 11 (bond paper),, Arial Narrow,12 font size.
3. Create at least 10 questions with answers.
4. Submit the group output with cover page on or before Sunday (December 4, 2023) -3pm via gc.
5. Late submission should have an automatic deduction.
Note: Output must be submitted in word document.

Prepared by
Maria Haydi P. Medina, MAN, RN
Clinical Instructor, NCM 100

Dear Learners,
Attached herewith is the content lecture for the Final Period. Kindly study hard! Initiate follow up for the status with regards
to requirements, academic performance.
Thank you.. Goodluck!
by; Prof Medina
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CASAGRA’S TRANSFORMATIVE LEADERSHIP MODEL by

Sister Carolina S. Agravante, SPC, RN, PhD

“Focus on the type of leadership in Nursing that can challenge

the values and change the world”

BIOGRAPHY:
Born with the heart of a true servant-leader,
is the famous first Filipina theorist who wrote the CASAGRA Transformative Leadership Model, which is also
derived from her name, Carolina S. AGRAvante and was published in 2002.
finished high school at St. Paul University – Manila (formerly known as St. Paul College – Manila), where she
graduated as a class salutatorian.
In the same school, 1964, she pursued her baccalaureate degree in Nursing and become a graduate with Latin
honors, magna cum laude to be exact. Later that year, she also passed the nurse licensure examinations as
topnotcher.
She completed her Master’s Degree at the Catholic University of America as a full-fledged scholar from 1967 to
1969.
Her passion to help other people ignited as she goes beyond on her journey to pursue her Doctoral Degree in
Philosophy at the University of the Philippines – Manila in 2002, the same year her theory was published.
She landed on different opportunities ever since. Some of which are the following:
1. Teaching research subject on senior students while being the school president of St. Paul University – Iloilo;
2. Association of Deans of the Philippines Colleges of Nursing (ADPCN) president where she became batch
representative for the International Nursing Congress in Brunei last 1996;
3. One of the delegates again of the said congress the year after (1997) in Vancouver, Canada;
4. An accreditor and service awardee of the Philippine Accreditation Association of Schools, Colleges and
Universities (PAASCU)
 5. She is also one of the founders of the Integrated Registered Nurses of the Philippines as well as the secretary of
the Friendly Care Foundation starting from the year 2000 up to the present time.

Following these accomplishments, she had also been a dean of several nursing colleges such as Bethlehem
University, De La Salle University College of Nursing and Midwifery, St. Paul College of Manila, St. Paul School of
Nursing and St. Paul College of Iloilo.
Currently, she serves as the school president, vice president in academics, and program chair of the Department of
Nursing at St. Paul College in Ilocos Sur.

The CASAGRA Transformative Leadership Model is derived from the concept of leadership from a psycho-spiritual point
of view. This was formulated to lead to a radical change from apathy or indifference to becoming a spiritual person. Based
on the study, the care complex personality of the nursing faculty is correlated to their leadership behavior. Since the
care complex was given as a stimulant to the two groups tested, it was evident on the two-posttest period of the study
that their leadership behavior after going through the servant-leadership program had increased than the pre-test.
Moreover, a strong Catholic foundation in one’s bachelor’s education, a graduate degree of either Master’s or
Doctorate, membership in a nursing association or other national union, and attendance in lecture conferences on
the nursing profession were the variables that contributed to the leadership behavior of the nursing faculty to
become a transformative leader.

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Assumptions

Sr. Carolina Agravante’s model is a Three-Fold Transformation Leadership Concept comprises of servant-leadership
spirituality, self-mastery (care complex), and special nursing expertise (transformative teaching), which are put
together to help us mirror the behavior and personality of the modern professional nurse who will challenge the
demands of these critical times in the society today. The model shows how servant- leadership spirituality, self-
mastery (care complex), and special nursing expertise (transformative teaching) are related and affects the leadership
behavior of the nursing faculty. This will help to explain and predict the continuous formation of nursing leadership
behavior in the nursing faculty that will eventually affect their teaching roles.

1. The Servant-Leadership Spirituality in this paradigm is prescribed to run side by side with the general components
of the transformative leadership model. This formula consists of: a. a spiritual exercise, b. the resolution of the care
complex in the personality of an individual; and c. a seminar-workshop on transformative teaching. The method used
comprises a spiritual retreat that undergoes the process of awareness, reflection, storytelling, contemplation and
finally commitment to become servant-leaders in the footsteps of Jesus.

2. The Self-Mastery is expressed in care complex variable possessed to a certain degree by an individual that have
been through formal studies in a caregiving profession such as nursing. Thus, it involves a person’s self-awareness
of the nursing faculty.

3. The Special-Expertise level is the enactment of caring and being proactive in face of challenges for the profession.
It is shown in 5C’s of transformational leadership namely: creative, caring, critical, contemplative and collegial
teaching of the nurse faculty who is directly involved with the formation of the nursing. It is the guide designed to form
the new professional nurses. Servant-leadership behavior is the manner of the nursing faculty manifested through
the ability to model the servant-leadership qualities to students. It is an ability that assists to bring out the best in
students, competence in nursing skills, commitment to the nursing profession and a sense of collegiality with the
school, other health professionals and the local community. Nursing leadership is a factor that sets the vision for its
practitioners to help them grow. It lays down roles and functions to guide them towards influencing others to improve
the quality of care. Lastly, it influences the direction towards which the profession should go because it involves a
clear vision and goals to achieve.

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METAPARADIGM

PERSON

The theory was suited to our nursing faculty’s ability to lead and educate new nurses. People is not clearly stated in
the theory but the “client” was included in the care complex theory of Agravante. It simply denotes that the caring
behavior learned by the new nurses from their nursing educators will clearly affect the state of being of their clients
or patients in the future.

ENVIRONMENT

The environment was ambiguously stated in Agravante’s quote about her theory, “…challenge the values of the
changing world”. Environment stated was the world wherein there is always a development. It is emphasized that
the theory was focused on the type of leadership in nursing need to cope up with this changing world. Be it
in the technology updates (the machines we use for everyday lives), the changes in physical surroundings
(building of different infrastructures), and our setting (the situation we are in such as the pandemic we are facing
right now, COVID-19). The theory was made for the nursing faculty to strengthen its foundation and take on
responsibilities in line with the situation we are experiencing.

NURSING

Based on Agravante’s model, health, degree of wellness, or well- being is abstractly discussed but it was the aim (to
improve practice by positively influence the health and quality of life of patients) why the nursing faculty want to
educate and lead new nurses with caring behavior.
 HEALTH

“Focus on the type of leadership in nursing that can challenge the values of the changing world.” was a quote from
the theorist herself. It was clearly stated that the CASAGRA Model was for the transformative leadership development
of a nursing faculty. The attributes of a nursing leader should be competent with a dream of what nursing can be
and an individual whose aim is to provide care and service to those who are competent in nursing. The utmost goal
of nursing theories is to improve patient care and this theory is highly significant up to the present day. Worldwide
leadership crises demanded the nursing educators and leaders to revisit their basic responsibility of educating and
forming our future leaders who are responsive to technological, educational and social changes happening in the
environment we live in. In short, since nursing, as a profession is ever- changing, new nurses need nursing
teachers/leaders who are the embodiment of the three-fold transformative leadership concept (servant-leadership,
self-mastery, and special nursing expertise) to look up to.

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TECHNOLOGICAL COMPETENCY AS CARING by

Rozzano Locsin

BIOGRAPHY:
1976-BSN & 1978-MAN-Siliman University of the Philippines
1988- PhD (Doctorate degree) – University of the Philippines
1991 – Professor – Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing, Florida Atlantic University
Program pf Research:” Life transitions in the health-illness experience”

Knowing persons is a process of nursing that allows for continuous appreciation of persons moment to moment
(Locsin,2005).

Technology is use to now wholeness of persons moment to moment (Locsin,2004).

To illustrate the harmonious co-existence between technology and caring in nursing.

To place nursing in the context of modern healthcare
Technology & brings the patient closer to the nurse. Conversely, technology can also increase the gap & between
the NURSE & and the NURSED.

The Process of Nursing

A. KNOWING
B. DESIGNING
C. PARTICIPATION IN APPRECIATION
D. VERIFYING KNOWLEDGE

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METAPARADIGM

PERSON
Patients seen as “participants in their care rather than object of nurse care” (Locsin,20-7).

ENVIRONMENT
Technological world in which we live

NURSING
“Nurses value technological competency as an expression of caring in nursing” (Locsin, 2013)

HEALTH
o Humanity is preserved by technology.
o “An experience that is often expressed in terms of wellness and illness, and may occur in the presence or
absence of disease” (Nursing Scope and Standards of Practice, 2010, p. 65)
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Carmelita C. Divinagracia’s
Model THE THEORIST

“Nursing as a healthcare profession would prove its point in being at par in quality performance with other
healthcare professional. “
Dr. Carmelita C. Divinagracia is a Filipino cardiologist nurse, she has been praised for developing the art and
competency of teaching nursing.
She is a graduate of Bachelor of Science in Nursing at University of East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical
Center, Inc. (UERMMMC) in 1962.
She earned her Master Degree in Nursing at the University of the Philippines in 1975
She obtained her PhD from UP in 2001.
Former President of the Association of the Philippine Colleges of Nursing (ADPCN).
She was the Dean of University of East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center, Inc. (UERMMMC) College of
Nursing.
She is also a member of CHED’s Technical Committee on Nursing Education
In 2008, she received the Anastacia Giron Tupas Award given by the Philippine Nurses Association (PNA) in 2008

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Advanced Nurse Practitioners’ Composure Behavior and Patients’ Wellness Outcome

Wellness Outcome
Composure
Behaviours
COM petence
Presence & Prayer
Openmindedness
Stimulation
Understanding
Respect & Relaxation Biobehavioral
Physiologic Outcome
Empathy Outcome
Physical
Vital signs
Emotional
Chest pain
Intellectual
Hemoglobin
Spiritual
Nursing is a profession that goes beyond time. Starting from the time a patient is admitted to the time of their discharge,
the nurse and the patient develops a meaningful relationship that involves mutual trust and acceptance that will lead to
satisfaction on both sides. Nursing profession can actively deliver quality care through caring interventions similar to the
COMPOSURE BEHAVIORS.

COMPOSURE Behaviors Model, known as a set of nursing behaviors, is introduced in her dissertation that should be
exhibited by nurses. The acronym COMPOSURE stands for COMpetence, Presence and Prayer, Open-mindedness,
Stimulation, Understanding, Respect and Relaxation, and Empathy. She conducted a study using the COMPOSURE
Behaviors to determine its effects on the recovery of the patients, specifically the selected patients at the Philippine Heart
Center.

COMpetence should be consistently equipped by nurses alongside knowledge and expertise in giving care to the patient

Presence and Prayer refers to the availability of the nurses holistically.This includes therapeutic communication
techniques.

Open- Mindedness to various ideologies such as opinions and perceptions, and flexibility to accomodating the views of
others should be equipped by nurse.

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Stimulation provides encouragement and appreciation through words that may bring hope and guidance.

Understanding the patient’s holistic being should be equipped by nurses through the manner of conveying interests and
acceptance.

Respect refers to recognizing patient’s presence. Relaxation includes alleviating tension in the body.

Empathy makes nurses distinguish positive thoughts and feelings, and reaches a patient out through putting themselves
on the patient’s situation.

The COMPOSURE Behaviors Model results into patient’s wellness outcome, that can manifest into physiologic and
behavioral outcomes.

METAPARADIGM

PERSON

Each individual needs humane, caring, spiritually oriented interventions that can facilitate wellness regardless of creed,
social class, gender, age, and nationality
ENVIRONMENT

The intervention that the nurses have when administering the client will have an effect to the wellness outcome of the
patient.

NURSING

The nursing profession can actively deliver quality care through caring interventions like the COMPUSURE behavior
which provides care to the patient to achieve wellness

HEALTH

Nursing needs wide knowledge of the patient’s condition, to understand how their needs can be met and complications are
prevented regardless of diversity. The patient’s wellness outcome is measured through the physiologic and behavioral
outcomes. Socio- demographic characteristics mainly an individual’s gender and age
are connected to the wellness outcome

APPLICATION TO NURSING

COMPOSURE model represents how a nurse in profession should have in order for the patient’s wellness outcome to be
achieved. It enhances and improve the quality of care that nurses give to the patients. It may also guide them to become
an independent healthcare provider. Thus, this theory can aid to nursing practice.

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Retirement and Role Discontinuity Model

by; Letty Kuan’s

“I have grown and sown and now I can reap the reward and blessing of a life lived in joy and love, for I too
have made others grow.”

AUTOBIOGRAPHY:
 Sister Letty G. Kuan was born on November 19, 1936 and hails from Katipunan- Dipolog, Zamboanga Del Norte.
She holds a master degree in Nursing, a master degree in Education Major in Guidance Counseling, and doctoral
degree in Education from the University of the Philippines (UP).
She has also written several books giving her knowledge and expertise in the field of Gerontology, Care of Older
Persons, and Bioethics.
She is a recipient of the Professor Emeritus, a title awarded to the people who met the criteria set by UP, for her
vast contribution in nursing.
Recently, she is named as 2019 J. V. Sotejo Medallion of Honor Recipient.
She also received the Metrobank Foundation Outstanding Teacher’s Award in 1995 and an Award for Continuing
Integrity and Excellence in Service (ACIES) in 2004.
Sister Letty had a clinical fellowship and specialization in Neuropsychology from University of Paris located in
France, specifically in Salpetriere Hospital; Neuro- gerontology at Good Samaritan Hospital in Watertown, New
York, and Syracuse University, New York.She undergone a formal training at Institute of Religion, Ethics and Law at
Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, Texas in the program Bioethics.
Her legacy to the Nursing Community is without a doubt, indisputable, given the fact that she is a former member of
the Board of Nursing

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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
This theory states that retirement is another phase in a person’s life that would require some adjustments in order to
have a fruitful retirement and aging. According to the theory, there are some roles that the person has already learned
to play for many years. Now that the role has to be discontinued, there is a period of adjustment for this too so that
the person can adjust to yet again, another new role in their life. There are different things that can make the role
discontinuity and retirement become positive in people’s lives

Assumptions

Retirement is a foreseeable event in everyone’s life. It is being shown in the progressing number of people who are
getting old, together with related disabilities and increased dependence. This point of our life should be thought as
something wanted by knowing the ways on how a person will be satisfied in the years to come. It is important to plan
ahead during the age of fifty to sixty years old to have a fulfilling retirement amidst the role discontinuities experienced
at this point of time.

Physiological Age is the age that shows the biological state of a person. The age may be higher or lower than that
of the chronological age–refers to a person’s age that is counted every year, since birth.

Role refers to the group of common expectations centered on a specific job. This may involve views on the ideals or
principles of the person that held the position, which needs to be followed and the standards that will regulate his
actions. It is also a collection of common expectations of the retiree's socialization experiences and the beliefs
internalized when planning for the position, as well as adjustments to the expectations socially established for the
position itself. For any social role, there is a corresponding group of roles in the social system that involves regular
contact.

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Change of Life is the period between discontinuation of one’s role and the years after retirement. In medico
physiologic terms, it is the highest point of the adjustment period into a different pace of life.
Retiree is the person who decided to leave a job occupation and their fruitful life due to the limitation of age that was
agreed upon and has accomplished the mandated years of service.

Role Discontinuity refers to the disruption of the role or the usual activities that was appreciated. The
discontinuation may be caused by different factors such as emergency, accidents, or retirement.

Coping Approaches is the things that are being done to have a solution on a problem or things that are being done
in order to maintain standard operation and restore or maintain equilibrium.

The determinants of positive outcome in retirement and fruitful aging concerning role discontinuity:

1. Health Status refers to healthy or sick status of the respondents according to their physical and
mental wellbeing.
2. Income (economic level) refers to the capacity of an individual, financially, that is classified by
poor, moderate, and rich.
3. Work Status refers to the status of an individual in the aspect of employment.
4. Family Constellation means the type of family composition described either close knit or extended
family where three more generations of family members live under one roof; or distanced family,
whose member live in separate dwelling units; or nuclear type of family where only husband, wife
and children live together.
5. Self-Preparation refers to the preparedness of oneself to the possible outcomes in life.

METAPARADIGM

PERSON

In Kuan’s Model, she emphasized that preparing early in life through cultivation of other role options at age of 50 to
60 years old in order for them to have fruitful retirement and aging amidst role discontinuities.

ENVIRONMENT

Kuan promoted change of life in between role discontinuities and fruitful retirement as it is a factor that changes
the rhythm of one’s life. In this stage, one must have coping approaches to alleviate their role discontinuity. A
retiree’s environment may change as change of life from role discontinuity occur.

NURSING

Kuan believed that retirement should be recognized as the fulfillment of every individual’s birthright and must be lived
meaningfully. She suggested that government agency should contrast holistic pre- retirement preparation program
which will take care of the retiree’s financial and holistic needs.

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HEALTH
Kuan included Health Status of the retiree - physiologic and mental state, as one of the determinants of fruitful
retirement of aging. She believed that proper care of the mind and body is needed to maintain health in old age

APPLICATION TO NURSING

This theory provides framework to give ideas on coping up on retirement. It focuses on the selected elements that
may prevent negative perception to retiring and aging using practical determinants, as aging is feared by most of
the people and poses a negative health status to individuals. This theory is deemed theory to research as it
generates new ideas and fills gaps on gerontology research.

It gives specific knowledge on how a patient or a client, specifically a retiree, on how to cope up with the role
discontinuity and what will determine their fruitful aging. With the given knowledge by Kuan, it will help more
gerontologist to study more about retirement and different aspects of it.

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 Abaquin’s PREPARE ME Holistic Nursing Interventions

THE THEORIST

“To Nursing… may be able to provide the care that our

clients need in maintaining their quality of life and being
instrumental in birthing them to external life”

BIOGRAPHY

• Carmencita Matias-Abaquin is a professional nurse with a Master’s Degree in Nursing (1975), and Doctorate
degree (2000) obtained from the University of the Philippines College of Nursing.

• She is also an expert in Medical-Surgical Nursing with a subspeciality in Oncologic Nursing which made her know
both abroad and local.

• She served the University of the Philippines College of Nursing as a faculty member for 35 years and as a
Secretary of the College of Nursing.

• Her latest appointment as Chairman of the Board of Nursing, from November2006 to January 2016 speaks of her
competence and integrity in the field she has chosen.

• She developed projects such as National Nursing Care Competencies.

• She continues to serve through participation in Commission on Higher Education- Technical Committee in
Nursing and a leadership role in University of the Philippines - Philippine General Hospital School of Nursing Alumni
Association.

Abaquin developed the theory called “PREPARE ME Interventions and Quality of Life Advance Progressive Cancer
Patients”. The theory serves as a structure on a non- pharmacologic and non-surgical approach of care to advance
progressive cancer patients. Its center of interest is not on curing the patient’s disease but on aiding them to have
peace of mind and benevolence as one is faced with a life and death situation. Nurses should not solely be perceived
as caregivers but also as facilitators of a peaceful acceptance of the condition.

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Assumptions

PREPARE ME (Holistic Nursing Intervention) are nursing interventions given at any setting to address
multidimensional problems of cancer patients. This is specific to be a holistic approach to nursing care, and has the
following components:

Presence is having the presence of another person in times of hardship. Presence involves therapeutic
communication, active listening, and touch.

Reminisce Therapy is thinking back on events, feelings, or thoughts that happened in the past to ease adaptation to
the current situation.

Prayer is a solemn expression of feelings through deliberate communication directed towards a deity.

Relaxation-Breathing are techniques which aid to stimulate relaxation, in order to avoid any undesirable signs and
symptoms.

Meditation evokes relaxation to help alter a patient’s level of awareness by concentrating on a thought or image to
promote an insight, which in turn, aids in forming a rapport and relationship with God. This could be done through
music, and other relaxation techniques.

Values Clarification facilitates another person in clarifying his own values regarding health and illness to promote an
effective decision-making skill. This helps the patient develop an open mind that will encourage acceptance of disease
state

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METAPARADIGM

PERSON

The theory is developed particularly for patients with advanced stages of cancer. In order to improve the quality of
life of these patients who are terminally-ill, it should be dealt with a multifaceted or holistic care.

ENVIRONMENT

The patient and his/ her environment are interrelated with each other. The patient’s quality of life can also be
evaluated here; hence, it is crucial in providing care for the patient.

NURSING

The objective of nursing care is to enrich the quality of life of patients in the advanced stages of cancer despite their
existing state. Her idea of holistic nursing care approach in addressing the multidimensional problems of patients
is summarized in the acronym PREPARE ME.

HEALTH

The theory is centered on cancer, and giving holistic care in order to enrich the patient’s quality of life despite having
an incurable illness. Quality of life is a holistic concept regarding the individual’s abilities and capabilities of enhancing
life when it can no longer be prolonged. This involves keeping the integrity of the holistic being in an existing state
regardless of the limitations brought upon by the patient’s state of health. The quality of life is perceived through
different aspects, which are physical, psychological, social, religious, level of independence, environment and
spiritual.

APPLICATION TO NURSING

The theory PREPARE ME (Holistic Nursing Interventions) of Carmencita Abaquin became the nursing intervention that
addresses and provides the multidimensional problems of cancer patients that can be given in any setting where patients choose
to be confined.

The number of patients who were diagnosed with cancer has increased through the years, as it invades hospitals, medical
doctors and nurses are taking good care of their patients, like what Carmencita Abaquin’s theory stated. PREPARE ME will help
nurses to easily communicate with their patient. Most cancer patients experience emotional distress that nurses can give
empathy to what they feel. So, the theory helps nurses to solve the problem of connection between nurses and patients. It
applies the holistic approach of nursing for peaceful communication with them without giving chaos to both parties. It promotes
presence, reminisces therapy, prayer, relaxation-breathing, meditation, and values clarification.

PREPARE ME Theory gives a system on the non-pharmacologic, non- surgical approach of care to advanced cases of cancer
patients. The attention isn't on cure however on helping the patient to investigate her mankind and inward tranquility as one is
confronted with the test of life and death. Medical caretakers must be seen not as simple parental figures but rather facilitators
of peaceful acceptance of the condition. It standardizes the quality of our nurses in our country, because of her theorem, the
nursing professional became organize because of this approach.

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 Laurente’s Theory of Nursing Practice and Career by

Dr. Cecilia Laurente

BIOGRAPHY

Dr. Cecilia Laurente is born in the Philippines.

She is a Filipino Nursing theorist who primarily focused on helping patients to have support systems such
as their families.

She graduated Bachelor of Science in Nursing at University of the Philippines in 1967.

After a year, she worked as a staff nurse at the Philippine General Hospital until 1969.

She worked as a head nurse at the Philippine General Hospital during 1970- 1972.

In 1973, she finished her master’s degree in nursing at the University of the Philippines.

During 1973-1976, she worked as a nursing supervisor at the Philippine General Hospital.

She worked at Metropolitan Hospital in Michigan, USA from 1976-1979.

She returned in 1979 and become an instructor at the University of the Philippines College of Nursing.

She conducted a study entitled “Categorization of Nursing Activities as Observed in Medical-Surgical Ward Units in
Selected Government and Private Hospitals in Manila.” in 1987.

She served as the Dean of College of Nursing in UP Manila from 1996-2002. • She is named as 2002 J. V. Sotejo
Medallion of Honor Recipient.

` Theory of Nursing Practice and Career as found in her study Categorization of Nursing Activities as
Observed in Medical-Surgical Ward Units in Selected Government and Private Hospitals in Manila.

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 Laurente believed that a nurse’s intervention can affect a patient’s anxiety. Anxiety, a major factor in her theory,
refers to the mental state of fear or nervousness about what might happen. There are three Nurse Caring Behavior
that affects patient anxiety:

Presence refers to the person to person contact between the client and the nurses

Concern refers to the development in time through mutual trust between the nurse and the patient.

Stimulation refers to the nurse stimulation through utilization of words that helps more than the powerful resources
of energy of person for healing.

Laurente stated that there are factors that alleviate a patient’s anxiety. It is called Enhancing Factors,
namely:

One’s caring experience, beliefs, and attitude

Feeling good about work
Learning about caring at school
What other patients tell about the nurse coping mechanism to problems encountered.
Communication

She also stated Predisposing Factors that triggers anxiety of the patient, namely:

Age
Sex
Civil Status
Educational Background
Length of work
Experience

METAPARADIGM

PERSON
This study will help reduce a patient’s anxiety from the health care providers due to this theorythat implies that a nurse’s
caring behavior is a significant variable on patient care.

ENVIRONMENT
This study will help the hospital environment on the increase of efficiency due to nurses practicing this theory that will be
beneficial in establishing rapport and patient care.

NURSING
The impact of this study to the nursing system is that the results may be critically implied to the teaching practice of
nursing which will result to an improvement on the hospitals efficiency on taking care of patience but also improve the
patient’s health, welfare and quality of life.
HEALTH

This study revolves around the nurse’s caring behavior, and when nurses execute this theoryit will not hinder or
jeopardize patient care and health.
APPLICATION TO NURSING
This theory can be helpful when a nurse practices their knowledge in a real hospital setting. Many patients are worried
for their health and this theory will help a nurse to alleviate anxiety to patient. As a student nurse, they may apply this
theory as it can help with a student nurse’s communication skills and learn to understand people.