DE LA SALLE LIPA

College of Education, Arts and Sciences

OFFICE OF THE NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM

School Year 2016-

2017

MODULE # 2:
CITIZENSHIP TRAINING

CITIZENSHIP TRAINING

I. OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the module, the students are expected to:
1. develop a positive outlook in one’s own life;
2. discover an individual’s purpose and meaning in life;
3. build awareness of the 16 basic values enshrined in the Constitution and apply
these values in one’s daily life;
4. understand the significance of good citizenship towards the attainment of national
development; and
5. acquaint the students with the basic concepts of democracy and the role of elections in
democracy and governance.

II. ALLOTTED TIME: 7 hours

Session 1: (1 hour)
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Lecture 1 hour

Session 2: (3 hours)
Lecture 2 ½ hours
Group Dynamics ½ hours

Session 3: (3 hours)
Lecture 2 hours
Video Presentation ½ hours
Group Dynamics ½ hours

III. PRE – DISCUSSION ACTIVITIES:

 Paradigm. Show some pictures that will determine the paradigm of students.

 Concept of a person.
 Understanding who we are using Johari’s window
 Analysis of the song entitled “Reflection”
 Divide the class to form groups of threes or fours. Assign a good citizenship value for each
group and name the group after the assigned value. Ask the group to compose a jingle and
a symbol of the value assigned to them in a piece of cartolina paper. The theme of the
symbol should be: The strength of good citizenship values in the light of the issues
confronting the Filipino people. Allot each group a 2-minute jingle presentation and a 5-
minute sharing of the symbol before the class.

IV. CONTENTS:

Part 1. Self-Concept
Part 2. Seven Habits of Highly Effective People and the 8 th Habit
Part 3. Leadership and the Youth
Part 4. Good Citizenship Values
Table 1. Preamble of the Philippine Constitution
Table 2. The 16 Basic Values of the Filipino People enshrined in the Preamble of the
1987 Philippine Constitution
Part 5. Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines
Part 6. Right of Suffrage

PART 1. SELF-CONCEPT
Paradigms and Principles

What is a Paradigm?

A paradigm is the way you see something, your point of view, frame of reference or belief.

Paradigms are like glasses. When you have incomplete paradigms about yourself or life in general,
it’s like wearing glasses with the wrong prescription.

Kinds of Paradigms
1. Paradigm of self
2. Paradigm of others
3. Paradigm of life

1. Paradigm of self

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Understanding about self-concept helps us assess our paradigm of self. Positive self-paradigms can
bring out the best in us. Negative self-paradigms can put limitations on us.

Self-concept refers to our conscious and unconscious perceptions and feelings about ourselves
with regard to our worth as persons.

A person is said to have a low, poor or negative self-concept when he sees that he has little or no
worth or feels unhappy about himself.
A person is said to have a high, good or positive self-concept when he sees himself to have worth
and he feels good about himself.

Self-concept serves both as a mirror and a filter.

It serves as a mirror because it reflects to us a picture of ourselves, which in turn affects us either
positively or negatively. We are happy or miserable depending on the mirror image that our self-
concept presents to us.

It filters our experiences so that we interpret them according to our existing perceptions of
ourselves.

Three Dimensions of Self-Concept:

1.1 Self-image - our perceptions and feelings about our worth with regard to our physical and social
appearance.
 Physical – genetic inheritance such as sex and race, and physical attributes such as
height, build, weight and others.
 Social appearance – name, roles, status and titles

A person who feels he suffers from some form of physical or social handicap usually
develops a low self-image.

A person with a positive self-image recognizes some of his physical and social limitations but
does not allow these to deter him from feeling good about how he appears and has learned
to acknowledge and accept his limitations and therefore feels at home with himself.

1.2. Self-confidence - our perceptions and feelings about our worth with regard to our capabilities.
This involves our ability to do things, to achieve, and to develop more
competencies.

Self-confidence paves the way to productivity because the person believes in his potentials.
 He allows these potentials to develop by trying.
 He is not afraid of making a mistake.
 He does not fall into the trap of “being perfect”.
 The development of his abilities is measured within his own standards of
development.

Because he does not believe in himself, his potential seldom flourishes and grows. Common
roots which affect a person’s confidence level are:
 too much stress on achievement
 perfection as a standard
 comparing oneself with others
 fear of making mistakes or grades

These factors make the person less courageous to try out his potentials and abilities.

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1.3. Self-esteem - Our perceptions and feelings about our worth with regard to our lovability. This
relates to our basic ability to love and be loved.

A person with high self-esteem…

 believes he is lovable;
 does not reject and put down himself even when others seem to reject him;
 does not subject his lovability with conditions, such as believing he is only lovable
only if he is good or if he is good-looking or if he can achieve;
 can love more freely and spontaneously; and
 believes in his lovable nature as a creature of the loving God;

A person with low self-esteem…

 does not love himself;
 may doubt the love of others or may feel he has to work extra hard to earn other
people’s love; and
 is the first to reject himself.

It is said that people have four (Johari’s) “windows” which define who we are as persons.

Not Known to
Known to Self
Self

1 2
Known to OPEN BLIND
Others

Not Known To HIDDEN UNKNOWN

Others 3 4
2. Paradigm
of others
Seeing things from a different point of view can help us understand why other people act the way
they do.

3. Paradigms of life
According to Covey, the most important thing for each person is the thing you spend the most time
thinking about and is driving your choices. These become your life-centers. All of them have good
points, but they are not enough to be complete.

Popular life centers for teens:

 Friend-centered
 Stuff-centered
 Boyfriend/Girlfriend-Centered
 School-centered
 Parent-Centered
 Other Possible Centers

Principle-centered – the real thing

PART 2. SEVEN HABITS OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE PEOPLE AND THE 8TH HABIT

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The Seven Habits constitute a principle-centered paradigm. Principles are guidelines for human conduct
that are proven to have enduring, permanent value -- they are fundamental. Principles never fail. Examples
of principles are honesty, service, love, hard work, respect, gratitude, moderation, fairness, integrity, loyalty,
and responsibility.

Habits Defined

Habit is a recurrent, often unconscious pattern of behavior that is acquired through frequent repetition. It is
an established disposition of the mind or character.

Our character is a composite of our habits. Changing a habit is hard, but it can be done by tremendous
commitment.

A (good) habit can be defined as the intersection of knowledge, skill and desire. Change is a cycle of being
and seeing (visualization). Knowledge is a theoretical paradigm – “what to do and why.” Skill is the “how to
do it.” Desire is the motivation, the “want to do it.” In order to make something a habit in our lives, we need
to have all three.

From Dependence to Interdependence

Maturity Continuum
1. Dependence
Habits 1, 2 and 3 (Be Proactive, Begin with The End In Mind, Put First Things First) deal with
self-mastery. They are the "private victories" required for character growth. Private victories
precede public victories.

2. Independence
Habits 4, 5 and 6 are the more personality-oriented "public victories" of Teamwork, Cooperation
and Communication.

3. Interdependence
Habit 7 is the habit of Renewal, creating an upward spiral of growth.

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Seven Habits of Highly Effective People

HABIT ONE (1) – BE PROACTIVE

“Principle of Personal Vision”

 Habit 1 says you are the driver of your life.

 Change starts from within. Highly effective people make the decision to improve their lives through
the things that they can influence rather than simply reacting to external forces.
 Reactive people make choices based on impulse while Proactive people make choices based on
values.

Just Push Pause

Sometimes life is moving so fast that we instantly react to everything out of sheer habit. If you can
learn to pause, get control, and think about how you want to respond, you’ll make smarter decisions.

While your life is on pause, open up your tool box and use your four human tools to help you decide what to
do. The following are the four power tools:

1. Self-awareness : I can stand apart from myself and observe my thoughts and actions.
2. Conscience : I can listen to my inner voice to know right from wrong.
3. Imagination : I can envision new possibilities.
4. Willpower : I have the power to choose.

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Stimulus Freedom to Choose Response

Self-Awareness
Independent Will
Imagination Conscience

Between stimulus and response, you have the freedom to choose. This is your greatest power. One of the
most important things you choose is what you say. A proactive person uses proactive language. A reactive
person uses reactive language.

HABIT TWO (2) - BEGIN WITH THE END IN MIND

“Principle of Personal Leadership”

 Developing a clear picture of where you want to go with your life

 Deciding which values are helpful in goal-setting
 Habit 1 says you are the driver of your life, not a passenger. Habit 2 says that since you’re the driver,
decide where you want to go and draw a map to get there.
 Simply thinking beyond today and deciding what direction you want to take with your life, so that
each step you take is always in the right direction

Begin with the End in Mind is based on imagination. It is the ability to envision, see the potential, and
create with our minds what we cannot at present see with our eyes and conscience. When we begin
with the end in mind, we have a personal direction to guide our daily activities, without which we will
accomplish little toward our own goals. Beginning with the end in mind is part of the process of
personal leadership and taking control of our own lives.

THREE WATCH OUTS

1. Negative Labels- are ugly forms of prejudice.
2. It’s-all-over syndrome- When you’ve made a mistake and feel so bad about what you’ve done.
3. Wrong wall- You worked really hard to get something you wanted only to find out that when you got it,
you feel empty inside.

GO FOR THE GOAL

1. Count the cost
2. Put It in Pen - A goal not written is only a wish.
3. Just Do it - “Do” or “do not.” There is no trying.
4. Use Momentous Moments- Utilize “memorable” moments for goal setting.
5. Rope Up- You’ll accomplish more in life if you’ll rope up and borrow strength from others.

HABIT THREE (3) - PUT FIRST THINGS FIRST

“Principle of Personal Management”

 It’s all about learning to prioritize and managing your time so that your first things come first, not last.
 In habit 2, you decided what your first things are. Habit 3, then, is putting them first in your life.
 The habit of will-power (the strength to say yes to your most important things) and won’t-power (the
strength to say no to less important things and to peer pressure).
 Habit 1 says, “You are the driver, not the passenger”. Habit 2 says, “Decide where you want to go and
draw a map to get there”. Habit 3 says, “Get there! Don’t let roadblocks knock you off course”.

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Important- your most significant things, your first things, activities that contribute to your mission and your
goals
Urgent- pressing things, in-your-face things, activities that demand immediate attention

Time Quadrants
1. The Procrastinator- thrives under pressure
2. The Prioritizer- the quadrant of excellence
3. The Yes-Man- trying to please people
4. The Slacker- category of waste and excess

Urgent Not Urgent

The Procrastinator The Prioritizer
exam tomorrow planning, goal setting
friends get injured essay due in a week
Important

late for work exercise

project due today relationships
car breaks down relaxation
The Yes-Man The Slacker
unimportant phone calls too much TV
Not important

Interruptions endless phone calls

other people's small problems excessive computer games
peer pressure mall marathons
time wasters

The results of too much time in each quadrant are:

Q1 : Stress and anxiety, burnout, mediocre performance
Q2 : Quadrant of excellence
Q3: Reputation of being a “pleaser,” lack of discipline, feeling like a doormat for others to wipe their
feet on
Q4: Lack of responsibility, guilt, flakiness

The Other Half

Time management isn’t all there is to Habit 3. It’s only half of it. The other half is learning to
overcome fear and peer pressure. It takes courage and guts to stay true to your first things, like your values
and standards, when the pressure is on.

1. The Comfort Zone and the Courage Zone

2. Never let your fears make your decisions
3. Winning means rising each time you fall
4. Be Strong in the Hard Moments
5. Overcoming Peer Pressure

In the final analysis, putting first things first takes discipline.

HABIT FOUR (4) – THINK WIN-WIN

 Life is an all-you-can-eat buffet.
 is an attitude toward life, a mental frame of mind that says, “I can win and so can you.”
 The foundation for getting along well with other people
 It begins with the belief that we are all equal, that no one is inferior or superior to anyone else, and
no one really needs to be.

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1. WIN-LOSE - THE TOTEM POLE
2. LOSE-WIN - THE DOORMAT
3. LOSE-LOSE - THE DOWNWARD SPIRAL
4. WIN-WIN - THE ALL-YOU-CAN-EAT BUFFET

WIN-LOSE ATTITUDE
 Using other people, emotionally or physically, for your own selfish purposes
 Trying to get ahead at the expense of another
 Spreading rumors about someone else (as if putting someone else down builds you up)
 Always insisting of getting your way without concerning yourself of the feelings of others
 Becoming jealous and envious when something good happens to someone close to you

LOSE-WIN is weak. It’s easy to get stepped on. It’s easy to be the nice guy. It’s easy to give in, all in the
name of being a peacemaker. With a Lose-Win attitude, you’ll find yourself setting low expectations and
compromising your standards again and again. Giving in to peer pressure is Lose-Win.

LOSE-LOSE. Examples of Lose-Lose are war and revenge. Lose-Lose also happen when two Win-Lose
people get together.

WIN-WIN. You care about other people and you want them to succeed. But you also care about yourself,
and you want to succeed as well. Win-Win is abundant. It’s not either you or me. It’s the both of us.

HOW TO THINK WIN-WIN

1. Win the Private Victory First
2. Avoid the Tumor Twins : competing and comparing

HABIT FIVE (5) - SEEK FIRST TO UNDERSTAND, THEN TO BE UNDERSTOOD

 This habit is the key to communication, and to having the power to influence other people.

Why is this habit the key to communication? It’s because the deepest need of the human heart is to be
understood.

FIVE POOR LISTENING STYLES

1. Spacing out
2. Pretend listening
3. Selective Listening
4. Word listening
5. Self-centered listening

Empathic listening is the highest form of listening with the intent to understand. It is the ability to project
oneself into the personality of another person in order to better understand that person's emotions or
feelings.

GENUINE LISTENING
1. First, listen with your eyes, heart and ears because only 7% of communication is contained in the words
we use, 53% from body language, and 40% from tone or feeling.
2. Second, stand in their shoes.
3. Third, practice mirroring.

HABIT SIX (6) –SYNERGIZE (THE “HIGH” WAY)

 Alone, we can do so little; together, we can do so much.
Synergy
 Is achieved when two or more people work together to create a better solution than either could do
alone
 It’s not your way or my way, but a better way – a “higher way.”

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SYNERGY IS SYNERGY IS NOT

Celebrating differences Tolerating differences
Teamwork Working independently
Open mindedness Thinking you’re always right
Finding new and better ways Compromise

FINDING THE HIGH WAY

Synergy is more than just compromise or cooperation.
It is creative cooperation, with an emphasis on the word creative.
The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.

Getting to Synergy Action Plan

Define the problem or opportunity.
Listen to “their way.” (Seek first to understand the ideas of others.)
Explain “my way.” (Seek to be understood by sharing your ideas.)
Brainstorm (Create new options and ideas.)
Form the “High way.” (Find the best solution.)

Teamwork and Synergy

Great teams are usually made up of five or more different types of people, with each member playing a
different but important role.

Plodders. Sure and steady, they stick to a job until it’s done.
Followers. Very supportive of leaders; if they hear a great idea, they can go with it.
Innovators. The “creative idea” people; they offer the sparks in the group.
Harmonizers. They provide unity and support and are great synergizers as they work with others and
encourage cooperation.
Show-offs. Fun to work with, they can be tough at times. They often add the spice and momentum needed
to bring the team’s over-all success.

HABIT SEVEN (7) – SHARPEN THE SAW (IT’S ME TIME)

 It is all about keeping your personal self sharp so that you can better deal with life.
 Regularly renewing and strengthening the four key dimensions of your life
1. Body: The Physical Dimension
2. Brain: The Mental Dimension
3. Heart: The Emotional Dimension
4. Soul: The Spiritual Dimension

BALANCE IS BETTER!
Why is balance so important? It’s because how you do in one dimension of life affects the other three.

PRINCIPLES EMBODIED IN THE 7 HABITS

HABIT PRINCIPLE
 Be Proactive  Responsibility/ initiative
 Begin with the end in mind  Vision/ values
 Put First Things First  Integrity/ execution
 Think win-win  Mutual respect’s benefit
 Seek first to understand, then to be  Mutual understanding
understood
 Synergize  Creative cooperation
 Sharpen the saw  Renewal

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DEVELOPING THE FIVE MAIN COMPONENTS OF EMOTIONAL
INTELLIGENCE (EQ) THROUGH THE 7 HABITS
Self- awareness  Be Proactive
Personal Motivation  Begin with the end in mind
Self- regulation  Put First Things First
 Sharpen the saw
Empathy  Seek first to understand, then to be understood
Social skills  Think win-win
 Seek first to understand, then to be understood
 Synergize

The 8th Habit: From Effectiveness to Greatness

 Why are the 7 habits still relevant in today’s new reality? The greater the change and the more
difficult the challenges are, the more relevant they become.
 The call and need for new era is greatness.
 The 8th habit is to Find Your Voice and Inspire Others to Find Theirs.

TALENT

PASSION NEED

CONSCIENCE

Voice is a unique personal significance that is revealed as we face our greatest challenges and which makes
us equal to them.

Voice lies at the nexus of:

Talent - natural gifts and strengths
Passion - those things that naturally energize, excite, motivate and inspire you
Need - including what the world needs enough to pay you for
Conscience - that still, small voice within that assures you of what is right and that prompts you to
actually do it

When you engage in work that taps your talent and fuels your passion – that rises out of a great need in the
world that you feel drawn by conscience to meet – therein lies your voice, your calling, your soul’s code.

Find Your Voice – The pathway is to:

1. Discover your voice by coming to understand your true nature.
The power to discover your voice lies in the potential that was bequeathed us at birth.

Three most important gifts:

a. Freedom and power to choose
b. Natural laws or principles, which are universal and never changing, such as fairness,
kindness, respect, honesty, integrity, service and contribution

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c. Four intelligences/ Capacities

a. Mental intelligence (IQ) - ability to analyze, reason, think abstractly, use language,
visualize and comprehend
b. Physical intelligence (PQ)
c. Emotional intelligence (EQ) - self-knowledge, self-awareness, social
sensitivity, empathy and the ability to communicate with others
d. Spiritual intelligence (SQ) – drive for meaning and connection with the infinite

2. Express your voice by cultivating the highest manifestations of these human intelligences.

Two roads diverged in a wood, and I –

I took the one less traveled by,
Inspire Others to Find Their Voice – The
And that hasleadership challenge
made all the difference.
Leadership is communicating to people their worth and
Robert Frost
potential so clearly that they come to see it in themselves.

PART 3. LEADERSHIP AND THE YOUTH

Leadership is the highest potent quality of an individual to be greatly successful in life. It is the key
dynamic factor that can encourage one to actively participate in many ventures that lead to the attainment of
goals. It is also the key force to developing teamwork to ensure completion of common goals or purpose.
It is in this premise that the youth, in their role as nation-builders, must develop leadership potentials
such as knowledge, skills and positive attitude to ensure efficiency and effectiveness in meeting their goals
and develop the spirit and ethics of service for the good of others. Hence, the need for training the youth to
be servant leaders is very essential.

Leadership Defined
Leadership is a process of giving control, guidance, headship, direction and governance to a group
of organization. It is a key dynamic factor that motivates and coordinates organizations to accomplish their
objectives. Without being inspired by a leader, the whole organization or a specific department might drift
along with no definite focus on key objectives such as trying to improve the worker’s safety.
Leadership is the art of influencing and directing others to do the assigned tasks or goals, in such a
way as to attain them. There is obedience, respect, loyalty, and cooperation. Leadership can be exercised by
anyone irrespective of the framework of command. Also, it is the process of guiding and directing the
behavior of the people in the work environment.

 Leadership is the ability to inspire, to build confidence, and gain support among the people to attain
organizational goals.
 Leader as a Guide is one who assumes the role of a director, organizer, mentor, guru, or adviser.
 Leader as a Frontrunner is one who can spearhead, shading light, a trailblazer, and groundbreaker.
 Leader as a Head is one who can be called as chief, manager, superior, principal, boss and superior.

Servant Leadership is a kind of servanthood and is done as a sense of vocation. It also implies the
stewardship of good citizenship and community. It is a means of serving others more than oneself.
April et al. (2000) support the notion of servant leadership in complex organizations, where a major
role of the leader is to synthesize and develop a sense of community in the organization with shared power
and decision-making and group-oriented approaches. Servant leadership has a long pedigree of religion and
involves a sense of servanthood with leadership as a state of being (sense of vocation). It also implies
stewardship (a recognition of shared ownership and interdependence rather than personal ownership of the
organization), one consequence of which is a sense of citizenship and community. The servant leader
facilitates the surfacing of other ideas and networks, and helps to create their futures.
Principles of Servant Leadership
According to Spears (2002), the following are the principles underpinning servant leadership:

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1. Listening. The servant leader seeks to identify the will of the group and helps clarify that will. He or
she will seek to listen receptively to what is being said.
2. Empathy. The servant leader strives to understand and empathize with others. People need to be
accepted and recognized for their special unique spirits.
3. Healing. One of the greatest strengths of a servant leader is the potential of healing oneself and
others because many people have broken spirits and have suffered from a variety of emotional hurts.
4. Awareness. It aids one in understanding issues involving ethics and values and viewing most
situations from a more integrated and holistic position.
5. Persuasion. Another characteristic of a servant leader is the primary reliance on persuasion rather
than positional authority in making decisions within an organization.
6. Conceptualization. Servant leaders seek to nurture their abilities to “dream great dreams”. The
ability to look at problems from a conceptualized perspective means that one must think beyond
today’s realities.
7. Foresight. This enables the servant leader to understand the lessons from the past realities to the
present and the likely consequence of a decision for the future.
8. Building Community. Servant leadership suggests that the true community can be created among
those who work in business and in other institutions.

Qualities of Servant Leaders

The following are the qualities of a servant leader.
1. Puts others ahead of his own agenda. The first mark of servanthood is the ability to put others
ahead of yourself and your personal desires.
2. Possess the confidence to serve. The real heart of servanthood is security. Show me
someone who thinks he is too important to serve and I’ll show you someone who is basically
insecure. How we treat others is really a reflection of how we think of ourselves. Philosopher-
poet Eric Hoffler captured that thought:

“The remarkable thing is that we really love our neighbor as ourselves, we do unto others as we do
unto ourselves. We hate others when we tolerate ourselves. We forgive others when we forgive
ourselves. It is not love of self but hatred of self which is at the root of the troubles that afflict our
world.
The Law of Empowerment says that only secure leaders give power to others. It is also true
that only secure leaders exhibit servanthood.”

3. Initiates service to others. It is a way of serving without being compelled to do so. It manifests
one’s concern to do things for others especially during crisis. You can really see the heart of
someone who initiates service to others. Great leaders see the need, seize the opportunity and
serve without expecting anything in return.
4. Is not position-conscious. Servant leaders don’t focus on rank or position. They are persons
trying to help other people. They have a greater sense of the obligation to serve.
5. Serves out of Love. Servanthood is not motivated by manipulation of self-promotion. It is fueled
with love (willingness to serve). In the end, the extent of your influence depends on the depth of
your concern for others. That is why it is important for leaders to be willing to serve.

PART 4. GOOD CITIZENSHIP VALUES

What is a Constitution?
Constitution refers to “that body of rules and maxims in accordance with which the powers of
sovereignty are habitually exercised.

What is the Constitution of the Philippines?

The Constitution of the Philippines may be defined as that written instrument by which the
fundamental powers of the government are established, limited and defined and by which these powers are
distributed among the several departments or branches for their safe and useful exercise for the benefit of
the people.
What is a preamble?

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The term preamble is derived from the Latin word “preambulare” which means “to walk before”. It is
a preliminary introduction to a statute or constitution (usually explaining its purpose).

Preamble of the 1987 Philippine Constitution

“We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of
Almighty God, in order to build a just and humane society and
establish a Government that shall embody our ideals and
aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and develop
our patrimony, and secure to ourselves and our posterity the
blessings of independence and democracy under the rule of law
and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality and
peace, do ordain and promulgate this constitution.”

How can we become Good Citizens?

We can become good citizens by living in accordance with the good citizenship values which we can
derive from the preamble of the Constitution such as: Faith in God, Unity, Patriotism, Work, Respect for
Life, Respect for Law and Government, Truth, Justice, Freedom, Love, Equality, Peace, Promotion of
the Common Good, Concern for the Family and Future Generations, Concern for the Environment
and Order.

The Basic Values of the Filipino People

The Filipino people possess certain values, shared perceptions on what we hold dear, what we
regard as most important to us. These sixteen values are enshrined in the above Preamble of our 1987
Philippine Constitution. These are unity, patriotism, faith in Almighty God, respect for life, respect for
law and Government, work, truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, peace, promotion of the common
good, concern for the environment, and order. These values of the Filipino people serve as the guiding
principles in our life as a nation and provide the underlying framework for all the provisions of the
Constitution.
For Adults, these basic values can be seen in their outward manifestations as well as in decision-
making. There is always a consistency on what they think, how they feel and what they say.
Every Filipino child needs to be helped to form his own values consistent with the basic Filipino
values, if he is to grow into a citizen who is “maka-Diyos, maka-tao, maka-bayan, and maka-kalikasan.”

The 16 Basic Values of the Filipino People enshrined in the preamble of the 1987 Philippine Constitution:

Words of the Preamble Corresponding Value

(initial presentation)
 We unity
 the sovereign Filipino people patriotism
 imploring the aid of Almighty God faith in Almighty God
 in order to build work
 a just and humane society justice, humaneness
respect for life
 and establish a Government that shall embody respect for Government
our ideals and aspirations,
 promote the common good promotion of the common good
 conserve and develop our patrimony work*
concern for the environment
 secure to ourselves and our posterity respect for life*
concern for family and future generations

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concern for the environment
 the blessings of independence and democracy patriotism*
freedom
 under the rule of law respect for law (and Government)
 and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, truth love
equality and peace justice* equality
freedom* peace
 do ordain and promulgate this Constitution order

* a value identified more than once in the preamble

The Good Citizenship Values (Based on the 1987 Philippine Constitution)

Pagkamaka-Diyos
 faith in the Almighty God
 respect for life
 order
 work
 concern for the family and future generations

Pagkamaka-Tao
 love
 freedom
 peace
 truth
 justice

Pagkamaka-Bayan
 unity
 equality
 respect for law and Government
 patriotism
 promotion of the common good

Pagkamaka-Kalikasan
 concern for the environment

PART 5. FLAG AND HERALDIC CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES

Republic Act No. 8491

AN ACT PRESCRIBING THE CODE OF THE NATIONAL FLAG, ANTHEM, MOTTO, COAT-OF-ARMS
AND OTHER HERALDIC ITEMS AND DEVICES OF THE PHILIPPINES

Section 1. Short title. — This Act shall be known as the “Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines.”

Sec. 2. Declaration of policy. — Reverence and respect shall at all times be accorded to the flag, the anthem,
and other national symbols which embody the national ideals and traditions and which express the principles
of sovereignty and national solidarity. The heraldic items and devices shall seek to manifest the national
virtues and to inculcate in the minds and hearts of our people a just pride in their native land, fitting respect
and affection for the national flag and anthem, and the proper use of the national motto, coat-of-arms and
other heraldic items and devices.

Salient Provisions of the Flag and Heraldic Code of the Philippines (as embodied in Republic Act No. 8491)

The Philippine Flag

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A flag is the sacred and respected feature of the nation which it symbolizes. Each nation’s flag has a
specific way in which it should be displayed and folded.

Our national flag is the symbol of our country. It shows our unity as a people. It stands for our high
ideals and noble heritage. Therefore, when you show respect to the flag, you also show respect to our
country and people. One way to show respect is to handle the flag properly.

The Philippine National Flag is said to be the primary symbol of the nation’s camaraderie, solidarity
and unity. It is therefore the symbol of nationalism and patriotism in our country. And so, let us learn more
about its history and origin.

The national flag of the Philippines is a horizontal bicolor flag with equal bands of blue and red, and
with a white equilateral triangle based at the hoist side; in the center of the triangle is a golden yellow sun
with eight primary rays, each containing three individual rays; and at each corner of the triangle is a five-
pointed golden yellow star.

The flag was first conceptualized by Emilio Aguinaldo. The first flag was sewn in Hong Kong by
Marcela Agoncillo, her daughter Lorenza, and Doña Delfina Herbosa de Natividad, niece of Jose Rizal, the
Philippines’ national hero. The flag is displayed with the blue field on top in times of peace, and with the red
field in times of war. The Philippine flag is unique in the sense that it can indicate a state of war when the red
field is displayed on top or on the observer’s left when the flag is displayed vertically, with the white
equilateral at the top end.

Flag Protocol

The flag should be displayed in all government buildings, official residences, public plazas, and
schools every day throughout the year. The days of the 28 th of May (National Flag Day) and the 12 th of June
(Independence Day) are designated as flag days, during which all offices, agencies and instrumentalities of
government, business establishments, institutions of learning and private homes are enjoined to display the
flag. But in recent years, the flag days are now from May 28 to June 30 yearly. By law, the Philippine flag
must be permanently hoisted and illuminated at night at the following locations:

1. Malacañang Palace
2. Congress of the Philippines building
a. Senate of the Philippines building
b. House of Representatives of the Philippines Building (Batasang Pambansa Complex)
3. Supreme Court building
4. Rizal Monument in Luneta, Manila
5. Aguinaldo Shrine in Kawit, Cavite
6. Barasoain Shrine in Malolos, Bulacan
7. Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, Libingan ng mga Bayani
8. Musoleo de los Beteranos dela Revolucion
9. All International Ports of Entry
10. All other places as may be designated by the Institute

Half-mast
The flag may be flown at half-mast as a sign of mourning. Upon the official announcement of the
death of the President or a former President, the flag should be flown at half-mast for seven days following
the death of the Vice President, the Chief Justice, the President of the Senate or the Speaker of the House of
Representatives.

The flag may also be required to fly at half-mast upon the death of other persons to be determined
by the National Historical Institute, for a period less than seven days. The flag shall be flown at half-mast on
all the buildings and places where the decedent was holding office, on the day of death until the day of
interment of an incumbent member of the Supreme Court, the Cabinet, the Senate or the House of
Representatives, and such other persons as may be determined by the National Historical Institute.

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When flown at half-mast, the flag should be first hoisted to the peak for a moment then lowered to
the half-mast position. It should be raised to the peak again before it is lowered for the day.

Prohibited Acts
According to Republic Act 8491 itself, the flag cannot be used in the following rationales:

1. Defacing or ridiculing the flag by dipping the flag as salute, or adding additional marks on the
flag;
2. As a drapery, festoon, tablecloth, a covering, or as a part of a costume or a uniform;
3. As a trademark of/for commercial or agricultural labels or designs;
4. As a part of merchandise or in any advertisement or infomercial; and
5. As a pennant in the hood, side, back and top of motor vehicles.

Moreover, the flag may not be displayed “horizontally face-up, or under any painting, picture or
platform”. It may not be displayed in “discotheques, cockpits, night and day clubs, casinos, gambling joints
and places of vice or where frivolity prevails”.

Pledge
The pledge of Allegiance to the Phiippine flag, “Panunumpa sa Watawat” (distinct from the Patriotic
Oath of Allegiance, “Panatang Makabayan”) should be recited while standing with the right hand with palm
open raised shoulder high. Individuals whose faith or religious beliefs prohibit them from making such pledge
are permitted to excuse themselves, but are required by law to show full respect when the pledge is being
rendered by standing at attention.

FILIPINO ENGLISH TRANSLATION

Ako ay Pilipino I am Filipino
Buong katapatang nanunumpa I pledge my allegiance
Sa watawat ng Pilipinas To the flag of the Philippines
At sa bansang kanyang sinasagisag And to the country it represents
Na may dangal, katarungan at kalayaan With honor, justice and freedom
Na pinakikilos ng sambayanang Put in motion by one nation
Maka-Diyos For God
Maka-tao For the people
Makakalikasan at For Nature and
Makabansa For the Country

The law makes no statement regarding the language in which the pledge must be recited, but the pledge is
written (and therefore recited) in the Filipino language.

The National motto shall be “Maka-Diyos, Maka-tao, Makakalikasan at Makabansa”.

The 12 Little Things We Can Do for Our Country are Small Acts of Patriotism.

First: Follow traffic rules: Follow the law.

1. Traffic rules are the most basic of our country’s laws. If we learn to follow them, it could
be the lowest form of national discipline we can develop as a people. A culture of
discipline is crucial to our destiny as a nation.
2. Whenever we follow traffic rules, we show our love for the Filipino people.

Second: Always ask for an official receipt.

1. Asking for ORs leads to higher tax collections, which means more funds for our
government, which could strengthen our economy and lead us to progress.
2. Whenever we help our government in helping our people, we show our love for our
neighbor.

Third: Don’t buy smuggled goods. Buy local. Buy Filipino.

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1. Our money should support our economy, not the economy of other countries. Buying
Filipino products means supporting the Filipinos.
2. Whenever we support one another as Filipinos, we show our love for our neighbors.

Fourth: Speak positively about us and our country.

1. Every Filipino is an ambassador of our country. Each one of us, wherever we maybe, is
a salesman of our country.
2. Whenever we speak positively of our people, we show our love for our neighbors.

Fifth: Respect your traffic officer, policeman & other public servants.
1. Respect honors and dignifies a man. It compels him to do his job right.
2. There is love of neighbor whenever we respect those in authority.

Sixth: Throw your garbage properly. Segregate. Recycle. Conserve.

1. The Philippines is the country given to us as a people. It is the birthplace of our race. It is
the home of the Filipino. We should keep it beautiful.
2. When we keep our environment and our country clean, we show our love for our people.

Seventh: Support our Church.

1. When we help our church, we help our creator in His works on Earth.
2. Whenever we help our church, we show love for our neighbor.

Eight: During elections, do your solemn duty.

1. When we fight for our votes, we fight for our right to make our own destiny, as a people
and as a nation.
2. There is love of neighbor when we elect good leaders for our country and our people.

Ninth: Pay your employees well.

1. A company must bring prosperity not only to its owners but also to its employees.
Blessings must be shared. They build families. They build our nation.
2. There is love of neighbor when we value and pay our employees appropriately.

Tenth: Pay our taxes

1. Taxes are the lifeblood of our government. They are what build our public schools,
hospitals and roads. They are what pay our teachers, soldiers, and other public
servants.
2. There is love of neighbor when we pay our taxes properly so our government can help
more people.

Eleventh: Adopt a scholar or a poor child.

1. Investing on our youth is investing on our country’s future. Every family who can afford
should adopt one poor child as a scholar.
2. There is love of neighbor whenever we help a child get an education.

Twelfth: Be a good parent. Teach your kids to love our country.

1. If we start planting seeds of patriotism in the hearts and minds of our youth today, they
would become giant patriots of our country someday.
2. There is love of neighbor whenever we teach and raise our children as patriots, by
loving our country through loving our people.

PART 6. RIGHT OF SUFFRAGE

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What is the right of suffrage?

Suffrage is defined as a right and obligation to vote of qualified citizens in the election of
certain national and local officers of the government and in the decision of public questions
submitted to the people. It includes election, plebiscite, referendum, initiative and recall. It is a
privilege and right given to every Filipino citizen. More than anything else, it is a responsibility that
every Filipino is expected to fulfill in earnest.

Who are qualified to vote in the Philippine elections?

1. Citizens of the Philippines
2. 18 years old and above on the day of the elections
3. A resident of the Philippines for one year and in the city or municipality wherein he proposes to vote
for at least six months before the election
4. Those not disqualified by law

Under the Overseas Absentee Voting Law

Republic Act 9189 or the Overseas Absentee Voting Law provides for a system, which allows qualified
Filipinos abroad to vote in national elections in the Philippines.
Qualifications:
1. Filipino citizens abroad
2. 18 years old and above on the day of elections
3. Immigrants with affidavit of intent to resume residence in the Philippines
4. Permanent residents with affidavits of intent to resume residence in the Philippines

Who are disqualified to vote in the Philippine elections?

The following are disqualified (by law) from voting:
1. Any person who has been sentenced by final judgment to suffer imprisonment for not less than one
year. However, he/she may reacquire the right to vote upon expiration of five years after service of
sentence.
2. Any person who has been adjudged by final judgment by competent court or tribunal of having
committed any crime involving disloyalty to the duly constituted government such as rebellion,
sedition, violation of the anti-subversion and firearms laws, or any crime against national security,
unless restored to his full civil and political rights in accordance with law: Provided, that he shall
regain his right to vote automatically upon expiration of five years after service of sentence.
3. Insane or incompetent persons as declared by competent authority

What election practices and irregularities should the citizens watch out for?
Bribery, intimidation, and various forms of cheating, particularly:
1. Registering in several names and/or several precincts;
2. Vote-buying/vote-selling/paid not to vote;
3. Flying voters;
4. Voting in the name of other persons/dead persons or relatives;
5. Threat to supporters, voters and members of election inspectors;
6. Lanzaderal ballot-switching and ballot box-snatching;
What are the efforts to modernize election process in the Philippines?
Republic Act 8436 or the Election Modernization Act of 1997 calls for the use of automated election
system in the country as early as the May 1998 elections. This system will make use of appropriate
technology for voting and electronic devices to count and canvass votes. Automated election had its debut in
the Philippines in 2010.

Implementation of RA 8436 through COMELEC Resolution 020170 (Phases of Modernization)

Phase 1: Voter Registration and Validation System
Phase 2: Automated Counting and Canvassing Machine
Phase 3: Electronic Transmission of Election Results

V. POST – DISCUSSION ACTIVITY:

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Photo mosaic:
Submit a photo mosaic which will focus on the following theme:
“We must be the change we want to see in the world.”
- Mahatma Gandhi

VI. REFERENCES

1. Covey, Sean. The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens. Fireside: New York, 1998.
2. Covey, Stephen R. The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People. Fireside: New York, 1989.
3. Covey, Stephen R. The 8th Habit. Freepress: New York, 2004.
4. De La Cruz, S.G., Lazo, E.D. and Mapue, P.M. National Development via NSTP: Literacy Training
service. Lorimar Publishing Co., Inc, 2005
5. De Leon, Hector. Textbook on the Philippine Constitution. Rex Bookstore Inc. 2002.
6. Good Citizenship Movement EPPC in partnership with CHED. Modules on Good Citizenship Values.
7. Labuguen, F.C, Redorio, E.V., Placer, R.B. NSTP-CWTS-LTS Module; Student’s Guide; Citizenship
Training: Phase 1. Manila: BAF Printing Press, 2010.
8. Labuguen, F.C, et.al. Understanding the National Service Training Program: A Modular Worktext for
NSTP1(Focusing on the Common Modules Topics per Revised 2010 IRR of RA 9163). Mutya
Publishing House, Inc., 2012.
9. Living and Sharing the Basic Values of the Filipino People Enshrined in the 1987 Philippine
Constitution. Philippines, 2006.
10. Modules on Good Citizenship Values 2006.
11. Padilla, R.A. Civic Welfare Service. Manila: Rex Printing Company, 1999
12. Padilla, R.A. Civic Welfare Training Service: A Component Of The Expanded ROTC Program Vol. 2.
Rex Bookstore, 2006.
13. Your Vote. Our Vote: a module for citizen-voter education. Training Manual 2003
14. http://www.pnvsca.gov.ph/faqs.html
15. http://jlp-law.com/blog/flag-and-heraldic-code-of-the-philippines-ra-8491/
16. http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1998/ra_8491_1998.html
17. http://www.chanrobles.com/republicacts/republicactno9418.html
18. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/habits

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