Current Electricity

Current Rate of flow of charges

ofelectro
no
Mona Edison Nikola test
speed Direct Current
caret E charge
time
electron
Current flows in
Alternating Curren
Direction of Carre
changes many tim
Current depends on 2 things Battery I'll in a second
Cell 1 AC supply
Speed of flow DCsupply
t

I I
Current
d
Connection of
w
Conventional
Conventional Electronflow reversed

Current

Voltage Strength of Electricity X

F't
r Energy that a coulomb charge
has circuit
y
in a

mm
is considered to ve terminal to
move from toe to toe terminal
ve
EMI Electromotive force Workdone Resistance Hinderence in the
required to move a unit charge flow of charges
X
in a complete circuit SIunit y Hinderence is due to position of
atoms SI unit Ohm N
Defination Ratio of Voltage to
current

R I
It is the voltage of cell
Battery powersupply generators if I
etc
EMF
Workdone YA p
Charge R R
E I

I 24
i
converted per unit charge
2.51 101

a circuit
SI unit Volts V

workdone
PD
Charge
actors Affecting Resistance of

wire

length of a conductor
t increases resistance of the conductor

I 1
JIMI Fire
I
Increasing temperature increases
he longer the wire the more the resistance as atom collides more
m
frequently which disturbs electron
flow
2 Crosssectional Area
Rat Rat
Rat
Rat
p
g
cross sectional area
Larger
alow more electrons to
flow hence current is high
and resistance is low
 Ohm's law At constant tempe 2 Thermistor Thermistor is a type
rature current flowing in the of resistor whose resistance is strongly

conductor is directly proportional dependent on temperature

Pd
Resistance
to the Temperature increases decrease

V I Ohm'slaw

R
V IR
graphs of Ohmic Conductor VoltageCurrent Resistance
I Circuit symbol

V Ret I
p EE
Ra 11 I
I
Increasing temperature decreases
R R2 Ry Rs resistance

Graphs of Non Ohmic conductor 3 Diode Diode is a component

that converts Alternating current
Circuit
Filament lamp
Symbol
to Direct current
o D o

I RT
Rt AC N t DC
Rl Input

Rt W i
I Y

Increase in temperature causes

increase in Resistance of filament
lamp 1 I
DC circuits

Rell
F
R'Ve
Fa
Y
F fill B Y
R Ra Ra F

In series circuit total current in the In parallel circuit total current is

distributed as per resistance

It I Is Is It I Iat I i

In Series circuit total voltage is In Parallel circuit total voltage

the sum of individual voltages in each branch remains same
VI Vi Ya V3 Yt 11 V2 1 3

Total Resistance is the sum of In Parallel circuit total resistance

all individual Resistances is the reciprocate sum ofall

Rt R RatRs individual resistances

I I tr tr
For complete PastPaper
Sessions
 Practical Electrical Energy
Electricity
Work is done when charge
flows through the circuit

Energy
transferred Pxt

Since P VI

E V It

Electrical Safety

Electrical Power
Amount of transferred
energy
per second Hazards of Electricity
The powerof the device depends

Damaged insulation
1
on

1
Voltage 4 Current 2 Over heating of cables
3 Damp conditions
P VI

The unit of power is Watt

 Safety features Fuses and Circuit breakers
1 Double insulation They safety appliance designed
are

2 Earthing to cut off the flow of electricity

3 Fuses to an appliance if a current
4 Circuit breakers becomes to large

Fuse
Double insulation
The conducting part of wire made If current to large the
becomes

of copper can lead to electrocution wire melts and flow of current

if came in contact stops
For that reason wires are insulated
twice

Et Copper

E
y

Doubleinsulation

Earthing Appliances with metal cases

poseses a
security hazard
If live wire came in contact with

the case anyone touching it can

be electrocuted

The earth wire provides a low resistance

path to the earth