TENSES

A. PENGGUNAAN
Tense merupakan perubahan bentuk Kata Kerja (Verb) di dalam suatu kalimat yang
didasarkan pada waktu kejadiannya. Perubahan tersebut dicontohkan sebagai berikut:

V1/s V2 V3 Ving Arti

(Infinitive) (Past Simple) (Past Participle) (Present Participle)
REGULAR VERBS : Kata kerja yang perubahannya beraturan
play/ plays played played playing bermain
wash/ washes washed washed washing mencuci
watch/ watches watched watched watching menonton
IRREGULAR VERBS: Kata kerja yang perubahannya tidak beraturan
go/ goes went gone going pergi
make/ makes made made making membuat
write/ writes wrote written writing menulis

B. BENTUK

NO TENSE STRUKTUR
KALIMAT
1 SIMPLE PRESENT: (+) S + V1/ Vs
menyatakan KEBIASAAN/ KEGIATAN (-) S + don’t/ doesn’t + V1
BERULANG yang masih berlangsung. (?) Do/ Does + S + V1?
2 SIMPLE PAST: (+) S + V2
menyatakan KEJADIAN yang (-) S + didn’t + V1
berlangsung di waktu LAMPAU. (?) Did + S + V1?
3 PRESENT CONTINUOUS : (+) S + am/ is/ are + Ving
menyatakan kejadian yang SEDANG (-) S + am not/ isn’t/ aren’t + Ving
BERLANGSUNG di waktu SEKARANG (?) Am/ Is/ Are + S + Ving?
4 PAST CONTINUOUS : (+) S + was/ were + Ving
menyatakan kejadian yang SEDANG (-) S + wasn’t/ weren’t + Ving
BERLANGSUNG di waktu LAMPAU (?) Was/ Were + S + Ving?
5 PRESENT PERFECT : (+) S + have/ has + V3
menyatakan kejadian yang SUDAH (-) S + haven’t/ hasn’t + V3
BERLANGSUNG di waktu SEKARANG (?) Have/ Has + S + V3?
6 PAST PERFECT : (+) S + had + V3
menyatakan kejadian yang SUDAH (-) S + hadn’t + V3
BERLANGSUNG di waktu LAMPAU (?) Had + S + V3?
7 SIMPLE FUTURE : (+) S + will + V1
menyatakan kejadian yang AKAN (-) S + won’t + V1
BERLANGSUNG di waktu MENDATANG (?) Will + S + V1?

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C. CONTOH

NO PERNYATAAN PENGINGKARAN PERTANYAAN

(+) (-) (?)
1 They make cakes They don’t make cakes Do they make cakes?
2 They made cakes They didn’t make cakes Did they make cakes?
3 They are making cakes They aren’t making cakes Are they making cakes?
4 They were making cakes They weren’t making cakes Were they making cakes?
5 They have made cakes They haven’t made cakes Have they made cakes?
6 They had made cakes They hadn’t made cakes Had they made cakes?
7 They will make cakes They won’t make cakes Will they make cakes?

D. LATIHAN
Ubahlah kalimat berikut ini ke dalam bentuk pengingkaran dan pertanyaan.
1. ( + ) You play tennis twice a week 8. ( + ) The girls were having a party
( - ) ................................................ ( - ) ................................................
( ? ) ................................................ ( ? ) ................................................

2. ( + ) The man works at a bank 9. ( + ) She has bought the ticket.

( - ) ................................................ ( - ) ................................................
( ? ) ................................................ ( ? ) ................................................

3. ( + ) I did a mistake 10. ( + ) The men have flown to Jakarta.

( - ) ................................................ ( - ) ................................................
( ? ) ................................................ ( ? ) ................................................

4. ( + ) The boys watched the concert 11. ( + ) They had met each other
( - ) ................................................ ( - ) ................................................
( ? ) ................................................ ( ? ) ................................................

5. ( + ) They are staying at a hotel 12. ( + ) The teacher had told us before
( - ) ................................................ ( - ) ................................................
( ? ) ................................................ ( ? ) ................................................

6. ( + ) The woman is looking at you 13. ( + ) We will finish the job today
( - ) ................................................ ( - ) ................................................
( ? ) ................................................ ( ? ) ................................................

7. ( + ) He was sleeping 14. ( + ) The students will have an exam

( - ) ................................................ ( - ) ................................................
( ? ) ................................................ ( ? ) ................................................

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Tulislah kalimat berikut ke dalam Bahasa Inggris sesuai pola kalimatnya
1. A) Ayah mencuci mobil itu setiap akhir pekan (S + V1/ Vs)
…………………………………………………………………………............................................................
B) Ayah mencuci mobil itu akhir pekan lalu (S + V2)
…………………………………………………………………………............................................................
C) Ayah sedang mencuci mobil itu sekarang (S + am/is/are + Ving)
…………………………………………………………………………............................................................
D) Ayah sedang mencuci mobil itu ketika saya menelpon (S + was/ were + Ving)
…………………………………………………………………………............................................................
E) Ayah sudah mencuci mobil itu (S + have/ has + V3)
…………………………………………………………………………............................................................
F) Ayah sudah mencuci mobil itu sebelum saya menelpon (S + had + V3)
…………………………………………………………………………...........................................................
G) Ayah akan mencuci mobil itu besok (S + will + V1)
…………………………………………………………………………............................................................

2. A) Saya tidak pergi bekerja pada hari Sabtu (S + don’t/ doesn’t + V1)
…………………………………………………………………………............................................................
B) Saya tidak pergi bekerja kemarin (S + didn’t + V1)
…………………………………………………………………………............................................................
C) Saya tidak sedang pergi bekerja sekarang (S + am not/isn’t/aren’t + Ving)
…………………………………………………………………………............................................................
D) Saya tidak sedang pergi bekerja ketika mereka datang (S + wasn’t/ weren’t + Ving)
…………………………………………………………………………............................................................
E) Saya belum pergi bekerja (S + haven’t/ hasn’t + V3)
…………………………………………………………………………............................................................
F) Saya belum pergi bekerja ketika mereka datang (S + hadn’t + V3)
…………………………………………………………………………............................................................
G) Saya tidak akan pergi bekerja hari ini (S + won’t + V1)
…………………………………………………………………………............................................................

3. A) Apakah kamu menulis laporan itu setiap hari? (Do/ Does + S + V1?)
…………………………………………………………………………............................................................
B) Apakah kamu menulis laporan itu tadi malam? (Did + S + V1?)
…………………………………………………………………………............................................................
C) Apakah kamu sedang menulis laporan itu sekarang? (Am/ Is/ Are + S + Ving?)
…………………………………………………………………………............................................................
D) Apakah kamu sedang menulis laporan itu ketika listrik padam? (Was/ Were + S + Ving?)
…………………………………………………………………………............................................................
E) Apakah kamu sudah menulis laporan itu? (Have/ Has +S + V3?)
…………………………………………………………………………............................................................
F) Apakah kamu sudah menulis laporan itu sebelum listrik padam? (Had +S + V3?)
…………………………………………………………………………............................................................
G) Apakah kamu akan menulis laporan itu? (Will +S + V1?)
…………………………………………………………………………............................................................

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