4.

0 PROCEDURE

4.1 Project Creation

1. Create new project name and profile.

2. Central projection option is chosen as aerial images acquired from photographic
cameras are processed. For coordinate system, click select > From DB
>International > Cartesian Right is chosen as the exercise.

3. The relief elevation is set, min 400m and max 900m then the project path is
selected.

4. At Block menu, select to add images . Then, click Add Images window appear
as below. Select images from the folder. User can select more than one image at the
same place. Make sure at the Compression, JPEG with quality 90% is selected.

5. Then click “convert”. After the images loading, manage the images series as strip
line.

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 6. The second strip is added into the block by selecting ‘Add strip’ icon.
7. The images 3_0720, 3_0722 and 3_0724 are moved to the second strip from the

original strip by clicking the ‘Move selected images down’ icon.

8. Check the alignment of photographs order on each strip.

4.2 Interior Orientation

1. Click the ‘Project State Summary’ icon , the camera icon button is selected to
manage the project camera.
2. In the camera window, RC_waldkirh.x-cam is imported from the cameras folder.

3. Enter the camera info and add the fiducial mark values.

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4. Click ‘Execute’ button to assign camera to the selected images.

5. Use the general view to get approximate cursor position. Then click zoom in button
to move the reading view to the mark. Put the cursor to the mark and push ‘measure
mark’ button.

6. After locating all fiducial marks in one single image, the apply button is clicked and
right arrow is selected to move to the next image and do the same process until all
fiducial marks are located on all images in the same strips then the down arrow is
clicked to continue the process in the second strip then click ok.

7. Click the report on interior orientation . Show report on all images is chosen
in the main parameters tab. The value of 0.5 is set in the threshold for interior
orientation residuals, pixel and RMS are selected.

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 8. User can check if the interior orientation is done or not at Project State (click at
button). Also, user can check the report of the interior orientation that provides
detailed information of selected parameters and calculation results.

4.3 RELATIVE ORIENTATION

1. The GCP list need to import from CSV file or can be manually input to the GCP list.

2. Then, click Orientation > Open images containing marker (Ctrl+Alt+K).

3. GCP list is selected to show all the GCPs and the first GCP 163 is clicked.
4. After locating the GCP point on the image, the ‘move/add measurement into marker
position’ icon is used to indicate the location.
5. The identical GCP point must be indicated in the next image. Rep for the remaining
GCPs on all photographs that are accessible.
6. After marking all the GCP on the pictures, click OK to exit the point measuring module.

7. In the project status window, pick the lightning icon and the aircraft correlator type
.
8. In the ‘Automatic the Point Measurement’ window the correlation threshold was
increased to 95%.
9. For the report, the third box button is selected.
10. In the relative orientation report settings, 0.5-pixel vertical parallax between stereo pairs
is necessary.

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11. The highlighted point requires adjustment. When the ‘*’ sign in the first column is
clicked, the point measurement window is opened, allowing the correction to be applied
by adding more points or adjusting between two photos.
12. The correction is deemed complete when all the type points on each strip are spread
consistently.
13. If the average number of points in a zone is 9,5, then 9 or 10 points should be added in
each zone by clicking the edit button.

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14. Investigate the type of point error. A larger type point’s residue is shown in red; change
the point with a huge error.
15. When the report window is closed, a refresh button is pressed in the project state
window, and the second green tick symbol appears.

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4.4 EXTERIOR ORIENTATION (Bundle Adjustment)

1. Select the Block Adjustment icon

2. Select the independent strip option to set the computing method’s approximation,
then select ‘maintain initial approximation’ for the adjustment method and click the
calculate icon.

3. Select the setup filter icon to enter the point filter window . In the point filter
window, uncheck ‘no coordinate’ to see just GCP points, then click apply.
4. The display option for view mistakes scale is set to actual magnification.

5. The ‘create adjustment report’ icon is selected in the block adjustment window
to examine the adjustment report to detect the wrong GCP point.
6. ‘OMEGA, PHI, KAPPA’ is selected as the model.

7. In the point attributes window, click measure.

8. The ‘Move point along GCP error vector on all photos’ option in the point
measurement box is used to automatically relocate the GCP point, followed by the
apply and OK buttons.

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9. In the block adjustment window, select ‘perform block adjustment’ to
recompute the bundle adjustment. In the block adjustment window, the ‘modify
adjustment and report parameters’ option is chosen. To improve the accuracy of the
adjustment outcome, the ‘independent stereo pairs’ adjustment method is selected
in the parameters window. Compute is chosen.

10. The selected point is measured in the point attributes window for the problematic
tie point. To make the modification, the ‘move point along tie error vector on all
images’ icon is selected.

11. Click the perform block adjustment icon to recalculate the adjustment. This
technique is repeated until the type of point residual is satisfactory.

12. In the parameters window, pick bundle adjustment for the approximation
computing method, then click ‘calculate’ to continue the adjustment.

13. From the project state summary window, click ‘refresh’ and all the ticks will be
displayed.

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5.0 RESULT & ANALYSIS

5.1 Interior orientation